形容词和副词 导学案-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了形容词、副词的用法及比较等级专题，涵盖形容词副词作定语、表语、状语的基础用法，比较级的原级、比较级、最高级结构，比较结构固定句型及形近副词辨析等核心考点，通过真题案例与温馨提示结合，构建起“用法-比较-句型-辨析”的递进式知识网络，学案以“小试牛刀”系列练习为任务驱动，引导学生结合例句自主归纳用法规则，形成系统化知识框架。 亮点在于分层自测诊断与个性化提升设计，如设置四组“小试牛刀”练习，从基础用法到语篇综合运用，学生可通过错题定位薄弱点，培养语言能力与思维品质，每个考点附高考真题解析，帮助学生自主总结解题规律，教师依据自测结果精准指导，助力因材施教，提升学生自主复习效率。

考点一　形容词、副词的用法 形容词用法:修饰名词时作定语,跟在系动词后作表语,跟在宾语后作宾补; 副词用法:修饰动词,修饰形容词或副词,单独作状语。 Doing exercise will make you healthy. 锻炼能使你身体健康。 He walked home slowly while talking to himself. 他一边自言自语,一边慢慢地走回家。 [温馨提示] 有些副词,如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等,作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子,对整个句子进行说明或解释,表示说话人的态度与看法。它们通常位于句首,常用逗号与句子分开。 Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem. 令人惊讶的是,班里没人能解决这个问题。 【小试牛刀一】 1.[2023·浙江1月考] The term “hutong”,　　　　　　(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.  2.[2023·浙江1月考] The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by　　　　　　(space) homes and walled gardens.   3.[2023·北京卷] Soon after moving to Switzerland, I would throw a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 　　　　　　(exact) on time.   考点二　形容词、副词的比较级 　“as+adj./adv.+as”结构要使用原级。 　The building is as tall as the tree. 　这幢楼和这棵树一样高。 　比较级前可用much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, rather, even, still, a great deal等表示程度,但比较级前不能再用more。 　She sings far/much better than the others. 　她唱得比别人好得多。 　比较级前除了可以用程度词修饰外,还可用倍数、分数、百分数修饰。用倍数修饰时,通常用以下结构: 　(1)A+is+倍数+as+原级+as+B. 　(2)A+is+倍数+比较级+than+B. 　(3)A+is+倍数+the size/length/weight/height…+of+B. [温馨提示] 用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。 　(1)This tree is three times as tall as that one. 　这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 　(2)The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 　这本字典比那本恰好贵四倍。 　(3)The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 　新扩建的广场是以前那个的四倍大。 　“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。 　There is no greater love than that given by parents in the world. 父母之爱是世间最伟大的爱。 考点三　比较结构的几种固定句型 　“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”结构,意为“越……,越……”。 　The higher the mountain, the purer the air. 　山越高,空气越纯净。 　“比较级+and+比较级”结构,意为“越来越……”,表示程度逐渐变化。 　The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 　天气越来越热了。 　A is to B what C is to D 意为“A对于B就如C对于D”。 　Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 　发动机对于机器就如同心脏对于动物。 　can’t be too+adj.=can’t be+adj.+enough,意为“无论……都不为过,越……越好”。 　You can never be too careful.=You can never be careful enough. 　你无论怎么小心都不为过。 考点四　形近副词的区别 hard努力地 hardly几乎不 late晚 lately最近 close(具体)距离近地 closely(抽象)密切地 high(具体)在高处 highly(抽象)高度地 deep(具体)深地 deeply(抽象)深深地 wide(具体)充分地 widely(抽象)广泛地 【小试牛刀二】 1. [2022·全国甲卷] …in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 　　　　　　(high) mountain.   2. [2022·全国乙卷] As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 　　　　　　(large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.   3.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 　　　　　　(hot) the spring!   4.[2021·浙江6月考] When the house was built, it was much 　　　　　　(small) than it is today.   【小试牛刀三】 1.We stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 　　　　　　(day) routines.   2.Plastic straws are by no means the 　　　　　　(big) source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire.   3. This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including 　　　　　　(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.   4. As the small boat moved 　　　　　　(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.   5. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 　　　　　　(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.   6. Not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most 　　　　　　(important), equal rights to survive.   7. The phrase 　　　　　　(apparent) traces its origins to a post earlier this year in an online forum run by the Chinese search giant Baidu.   8. With huge amounts of water to use, it raised different 　　　　　　(environment) concerns.   9. 　　　　　　(incredible), around 1,500 workers spent just nine hours completing the construction of a new train station in Fujian Province, southern China.   10.I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never been to a 　　　　　　(exciting) one before.   [小试牛刀4] Cuju was an ancient Chinese 1.　　　　　　(compete) game involving kicking a ball through an opening into a net.  As the ancestor of soccer, it first appeared in 2.　　　　　　well-known ancient Chinese historical work Zhan Guo Ce (Strategies of the Warring States), which described cuju as a form of 3.　　　　　　(entertain) among the general public.  Later, cuju was 4.　　　　　　(common) played in the army for military training purposes during the Han Dynasty (206 BC—220 AD).  Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, was a cuju fan 5.　　　　　　liked watching and playing cuju.  Emperor Liu Che would establish a cuju field 6.　　　　　　his army went. He used cuju as a way of training soldiers.  The 7.　　　　　　(early) record of women cuju players can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. We can see paintings of females with their hair 8.　　　　　　(tie) back, waving their long sleeves and looking chic (时髦的) while playing cuju.  Up to the Tang Dynasty (618—907), women players prevailed (盛行) at the royal court, as emperors enjoyed watching soccer games. At that time, various skills were widely used in playing cuju, mainly 9.　　　　　　(serve) as amusement.  As a way of national culture protection, cuju 10.　　　　　　(list) in the first batch of China’s intangible cultural heritages in 2006.  【小试牛刀一】 1.originally　考查副词。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。 2.spacious　考查形容词。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。 3.exactly　考查副词。修饰介词短语on time应用副词exactly,故填exactly。 【小试牛刀二】 1.highest　考查形容词最高级。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,用形容词最高级。故填highest。 2.largest　考查形容词最高级。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大的产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。 3.hotter　考查形容词的比较级。此处为“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,意为“越……,越……”。故填hotter。 4.smaller　考查形容词的比较级。由than可知,此处需要填small的比较级,故填smaller。 【小试牛刀三】 Ⅰ.1.daily　考查形容词。此处表示 “日常生活”,修饰routines, 应用形容词,故填daily。 2.biggest　考查形容词最高级。修饰名词应该用形容词,且根据定冠词the 可知此处应该用形容词的最高级形式,故填biggest。 3.lower　考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知…levels of income and education与higher costs of healthy foods和fewer sports facilities是并列关系,前后结构要一致。由higher和fewer可知low要用形容词的比较级形式,故填lower。 4.gently　考查副词。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。 5.wealthy　考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,作定语。故填wealthy。 6.importantly　考查副词。此处需填副词importantly,作状语。故填importantly。 7.apparently　考查副词。分析句子成分可知,traces为句子谓语动词,意为“追溯”,所以这里用副词来修饰动词,作状语。故填apparently。 8.environmental　考查形容词。句意:由于要使用大量的水,它引发了不同的环境方面的顾虑。分析句子可知,句中concerns为名词,前面应用形容词修饰,environment的形容词形式为environmental,意为“环境的”,作定语。故填environmental。 9.Incredibly　考查副词。句意:令人难以置信的是,大约1500名工人只花了9个小时就在中国南部的福建省完成了一座新火车站的建设。用副词incredibly (难以置信地)作状语,修饰后面整个句子,单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填Incredibly。 10.more exciting　考查比较级。句意:我在昨晚的聚会上玩得很开心,因为我以前从未参加过比这个更令人兴奋的聚会。“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级意义,通常意为“没有比……更……;没有像……一样……”。exciting 属于多音节形容词,故填more exciting。 【小试牛刀四】 【文章大意】 本文为一篇说明文。蹴鞠在中国古代就是一种竞技比赛,甚至被用于军事训练中,2006年蹴鞠被列入第一批中国非物质文化遗产名录。 1.competitive/competition　考查形容词或名词。根据句意可知,设空处修饰名词game,可用形容词competitive,competitive game意为“竞技比赛”,形容词作前置定语。也可用名词competition修饰名词game,competition game意为“竞技比赛”。故填competitive/competition。 2.the　考查冠词。well-known ancient Chinese historical work 即Zhan Guo Ce,此处为特指,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 3.entertainment　考查名词。空前a form of 修饰名词,应用entertainment,且为不可数名词,a form of entertainment意为“一种娱乐方式”。故填entertainment。 4.commonly　考查副词。修饰谓语动词was played应用副词commonly,作状语。故填commonly。 5.who/that　考查限制性定语从句。此处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为a cuju fan,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用关系代词who或that,故填who/that。 6.wherever　考查状语从句。根据句意可知,设空处应用wherever,意为“无论哪里”,引导地点状语从句,故填wherever。 7.earliest　考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知,修饰名词record,且空前有the,应用形容词最高级earliest,作前置定语,故填earliest。 8.tied　考查非谓语动词。此处考查with结构,宾语their hair为tie的逻辑主语,两者之间为动宾关系,应用过去分词,作补语,故填tied。 9.serving　考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语动词,且无连词,设空处为非谓语动词,serve与逻辑主语playing cuju为主谓关系,应用现在分词,作其后置定语。故填serving。 10.was listed　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语动词,根据时间状语in 2006可知,句子应用一般过去时,list与逻辑主语cuju之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,助动词用was。故填was listed。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$