时文阅读01 How much salt is too much（精练）（话题阅读精练）英语高二通用版

时文阅读 走进语篇 话题 体裁 题型 字数 建议阅读时间 难度 生活 说明文 选择题 522 6分钟 适中 How much salt is too much? We have a complicated relationship with salt. Our bodies require a small amount of salt to function, but most of us far exceed our daily recommended intake. Regularly consuming too much salt can lead to hypertension, or high blood pressure. For most healthy adults, the World Health Organization recommends eating no more than two grams of sodium a day, and the American Heart Association (AHA) recommends a hard sodium cap of 2.3 grams a day, equivalent to a teaspoon of salt. The daily average sodium intake of Americans currently sits at 3.4 grams. Worldwide, that number is 4.3 grams, sustained by countries in East and Central Asia, which are well-known for their rich cuisines. When it comes to blood pressure, no scientist disputes the downsides of an unreasonable salt intake. Long-term overconsumption of salt can spell kidney failure, heart disease, and stroke. In other parts of the body, a salt-hooked lifestyle can increase the chances of stomach ulcers and cancer. Moreover, some studies claim that salt pulls calcium from the bone and can lead to osteoporosis, though the effect has not been observed unilaterally across different groups of people. Salty food can be particularly hard to limit because our bodies are wired to desire it. Salt is essential for health. Insufficient dietary salt can lead to muscle cramps, and more serious conditions like insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, a condition of arterial constriction that’s a precursor to stroke. Too little salt can also be fatal, but today it’s rare—only 2 percent of people in the U.S. are at risk of under consuming salt. People need a moderate amount of salt to maintain the balance of their bodies. According to medical guidelines, the minimum daily sodium intake is 0.5 grams per day. Salt sensitivity, which is how much an individual’s blood pressure jumps in response to a quantity of salt, also differs from person to person. Scientists observed that salt influences cellular metabolism and can rouse immune cells to ward off pathogens in the body. Only a tiny portion of our daily sodium originates from added salt during everyday cooking; the rest—over 70 percent—we derive from ultra-processed foods. Salt functions as a preservative, alters food structure, keeps moisture in meats, and acts as a stabilizer in processed foods. Given the overabundance of salt in grocery items, and that 48 percent of American adults experience hypertension, there’s a good chance that people stand to benefit from limitating salt intake, even slightly. Reducing salt intake as a national guideline is also a safe bet for the population to achieve a healthier lifestyle. Plus, with our car-dependent, relatively inactive lifestyles, the average American is at greater risk at overconsumption of sodium than underconsumption, says Raeeda Gheewala, a nephrologist and founder of the clinic Sports Nephrology. When it comes to the recommended 2.3-gram sodium limit, “I don't think it's too tough in this country,” she adds. Eating at home is the easiest way to control how much salt goes in our food. To that end, “grocery shopping is the most important part of the process,” Gheewala says. She advises her patients to plan all their meals for the week in advance to ensure their homes are lacking of salty snacks. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/health/article/physical-effects-too-much-salt 牛刀小试 ( )1.What is the main purpose of the article? A. To criticize the food industry for adding too much salt. B. To explain the health risks of excessive salt consumption and suggest solutions. C. To compare salt intake guidelines between the WHO and the AHA. D. To prove that salt sensitivity varies among individuals. ( )2.What does the article say about insufficient salt intake? A. It is a widespread problem globally. B. It can cause muscle cramps and insulin resistance. C. Over 50% of Americans are at risk of it. D. It is more dangerous than overconsumption. ( )3.According to the article, where do most people get their daily sodium? A. From salt added during home cooking. B. From natural sodium in vegetables. C. From ultra-processed foods. D. From restaurant meals. ( )4.What does Dr. Gheewala suggest to control salt intake? A. Avoiding all processed foods immediately. B. Planning weekly meals before grocery shopping. C. Increasing physical activity to balance sodium. D. Taking medication to reduce blood pressure. 词汇聚焦 1. intake /ˈɪnteɪk/ n. 摄入量 2. recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ v. 建议；推荐 3. function /ˈfʌŋkʃən/ v. 运作；起作用 4. consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃən/ n. 消耗 5. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ v. 维持；保持 6. limit /ˈlɪmɪt/ n.&v. 限制；限量 词汇练习 翻译句子 1.为了保持健康，控制每日糖分摄入量非常重要。 To stay healthy, it’s important to control your daily sugar intake. 2.根据专家的建议，青少年应保证每天8小时睡眠。（recommendation，健康生活方式） According to experts’ recommendations, teenagers should ensure 8 hours of sleep every day. 3.充足的睡眠有助于大脑正常运作，从而提高学习效率。（健康生活方式） Enough sleep helps the brain function properly, thus improving study efficiency. 4.学校鼓励学生减少一次性塑料制品的使用，以降低环境污染。（reduce the consumption of，环保主题） The school encourages students to reduce the consumption of single-use plastics to lower environmental pollution. 5.保持均衡饮食是维持身体健康的关键因素之一。（健康生活方式） Maintaining a balanced diet is one of the key factors to keep physical health. 6.为了保护视力，医生建议将每天使用电子设备的时间限制在两小时以内。 （limit...to...，健康生活方式） To protect eyesight, doctors suggest limiting daily screen time to two hours. 长难句分析 Reducing salt intake as a national guideline is also a safe bet for the population to achieve a healthier lifestyle. 【分析】本句的主是动名词短语 。方式状语，方式状语是 修饰主语，非谓语 在这里做目的状语。 【译文】________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作训练 假设你是校学生会主席李华，你校将开展“健康饮食周”活动。请你以学生会的名义写一封英文倡议书，呼吁同学们减少食用高盐零食，并说明理由与建议。 内容要点包括： 1.说明高盐零食的危害； 2.提出健康饮食的建议； 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 背景拓展 Smart Salt Habits: Easy Tips for a Healthier You Salt is important for our body, but too much can harm our health. Here’s how to use salt wisely: Use Less Salt: Experts suggest eating no more than 1 teaspoon of salt daily (about 5 grams). Check food labels, as snacks, canned soups, and sauces often contain hidden salt. Try New Flavors: Use herbs, spices (such as garlic powder or pepper), lemon juice, or vinegar to make food tasty instead of adding extra salt. Cook with Care: Add a little salt at the end of cooking—it will taste stronger, so you’ll need less. Always use a spoon to measure salt, not just pouring from the packet. Wash Canned Foods: Rinse canned beans, vegetables, or fish with water to remove some salt before eating. Choose Healthy Options: Pick “low-sodium” products when shopping. At restaurants, ask for less salt in your meal. Snack Smartly: Eat fresh fruits, nuts, or yogurt instead of salty chips or cookies. Your taste buds can adjust to less salt in about 4–6 weeks. Start small—replace one salty snack a day with something fresh. Cooking meals at home with natural ingredients is the easiest way to control salt. Remember, small changes today can keep your heart healthy tomorrow! 明智的用盐习惯：轻松小贴士助您更健康 盐对我们的身体很重要，但摄入过多会损害健康。以下是如何明智用盐的方法： 少吃盐：专家建议每天盐的摄入量不超过 1 茶匙（约 5 克）。查看食品标签，因为零食、罐装汤和酱料中往往含有隐形盐。 尝试新口味：用香草、香料（例如蒜粉或胡椒粉）、柠檬汁或醋来让食物美味，而不是添加额外的盐。 烹饪需谨慎：在烹饪结束时加一点盐——这时盐味会更浓，所以用量会更少。量盐时一定要用勺子，不要直接从盐包里倒。 冲洗罐头食品：食用罐装豆类、蔬菜或鱼之前，用清水冲洗一下以去除部分盐分。 选择健康食品：购物时挑选“低钠”产品。在餐馆用餐时，要求少放盐。 明智地吃零食：选择新鲜水果、坚果或酸奶，而非咸味薯片或饼干。 您的味蕾大约在 4 至 6 周内就能适应较少的盐分。从小处着手——每天用新鲜食物替换一种咸味零食。在家用天然食材烹饪是最容易控制盐分摄入的方法。请记住，今天做出的小改变能让您的心脏在明天更健康！ 答案与解析 牛刀小试 1. B 【解析】文章围绕过量盐摄入的危害（如高血压、肾病）展开，同时提出解决方案（如减少加工食品、提前规划饮食）。选项B概括了全文核心，其他选项均为局部细节。 2. B 【解析】第四段提到"膳食盐不足会导致肌肉痉挛和胰岛素抵抗"，与选项B一致。其他选项错误：A（仅2%美国人风险）、C（2%）、D（未比较危险性）。 3. C 【解析】第六段明确说明"超过70%的钠来自超加工食品"，选项C正确。选项A（少量）、B/D选项是文中未提及的。 4. B 【解析】最后一段明确提到"建议患者提前计划一周饮食"，选项B正确。选项A（"avoid all"过于绝对）、C/D原文种并未提及，属于干扰选项。 词汇练习 翻译句子 1.To stay healthy, it’s important to control your daily sugar intake. 2. According to experts’ recommendations, teenagers should ensure 8 hours of sleep every day. 3.Enough sleep helps the brain function properly, thus improving study efficiency. 4. The school encourages students to reduce the consumption of single-use plastics to lower environmental pollution. 5.Maintaining a balanced diet is one of the key factors to keep physical health. 6. To protect eyesight, doctors suggest limiting daily screen time to two hours. 长难句分析 【分析】reducing salt intake；as a national guideline；to achieve a healthier lifestyle. 【译文】将减少盐摄入作为国家健康指南，也是确保民众实现更健康生活方式的安全策略。 写作训练 写作训练参考范文： Dear fellow students, Our school will soon hold a "Healthy Eating Week" to help everyone develop better eating habits. We encourage you to eat fewer high-salt snacks like chips and instant noodles, as too much salt can lead to health problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease. These snacks may taste good, but they are harmful to our bodies in the long run. Instead of salty snacks, try healthier choices like fresh fruits, unsalted nuts, or yogurt. Drinking more water and checking food labels for salt content are also good habits. Small changes in our daily diet can greatly improve our health. Join us during this special week for fun activities like cooking classes and health talks. Let's work together to build healthy habits that will last a lifetime! Students' Union 参考译文 培养孩子的感恩之心 我们与盐的关系颇为复杂。人体需要少量的盐来维持正常运转，但大多数人每天摄入的盐量都远远超过了推荐量。长期过量摄入盐分会导致高血压，即血压升高。 对于大多数健康的成年人来说，世界卫生组织建议每天摄入的钠不超过 2 克，美国心脏协会（AHA）则建议每天钠的摄入量上限为 2.3 克，相当于一茶匙盐。目前，美国人的平均每日钠摄入量为 3.4 克，而全球平均值为 4.3 克，这主要归因于东亚和中亚地区，这些地方以丰富的美食而闻名。 谈到血压，没有科学家质疑不合理盐摄入量的弊端。长期过量摄入盐分可能导致肾衰竭、心脏病和中风。在身体的其他部位，嗜盐的生活方式会增加胃溃疡和癌症的发病几率。此外，一些研究声称盐会从骨骼中吸收钙质，从而导致骨质疏松，不过这种影响在不同人群中尚未得到一致的观察结果。咸味食物往往很难限制摄入量，因为我们的身体天生就渴望它。盐对健康至关重要。饮食中盐摄入不足会导致肌肉痉挛，甚至引发更严重的疾病，比如胰岛素抵抗和动脉粥样硬化，这是一种动脉收缩的病症，是中风的前兆。盐摄入过少也可能致命，但如今这种情况很少见——在美国，只有 2%的人存在盐摄入不足的风险。 根据医学指南，每日钠的最低摄入量为 0.5 克。盐敏感性，即个体血压对盐摄入量的反应程度，因人而异。科学家观察到，盐会影响细胞代谢，并能激活免疫细胞抵御体内的病原体。 我们日常摄入的钠中，只有极小一部分来自日常烹饪中添加的盐；其余的——超过 70%——来自超加工食品。盐具有防腐作用，能改变食物结构，保持肉类中的水分，并在加工食品中起到稳定剂的作用。鉴于食品杂货中盐分过多，且 48% 的美国成年人患有高血压，人们很有可能会从限制盐的摄入量中获益，哪怕只是稍微减少一点。将减少盐摄入量作为全国性的指导方针，对于民众实现更健康的生活方式来说也是稳妥之举。 此外，由于我们依赖汽车出行，生活方式相对缺乏运动，普通美国人摄入钠过多的风险要高于摄入不足的风险，肾病专家、运动肾病诊所创始人拉伊达·吉瓦拉（Raeeda Gheewala）说道。谈到建议的每日 2.3 克钠摄入量上限时，她补充道：“我认为在美国这并不难做到。”在家用餐是控制食物中盐分摄入量最简单的方法。为此，吉瓦拉表示：“去杂货店购物是整个过程中的关键环节。”她建议患者提前规划好一周的饮食，确保家里没有高盐零食。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$