必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 定语从句（一）-【简语法-单元重点语法精练】高中英语高一上学期（人教版）

单元核心语法·精练 必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters （定语从句（一）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、定语从句的分类及结构特点 用法介绍 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，分为限制性和非限制性两种，核心区别在于与先行词的关系紧密程度及结构形式。 分类 意义与功能 结构特点 示例 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限定作用，不可或缺，去掉会影响句意 主句与从句之间无逗号；关系词作宾语时可省略；可用 that 引导 This is the book (that) I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的书。） 非限制性定语从句 对先行词或主句起补充说明作用，去掉不影响句意 主句与从句之间用逗号隔开；关系词作宾语时不可省略；不能用 that 引导 She lives in Paris, which is a beautiful city.（她住在巴黎，那是个美丽的城市。） 注意事项 1. 逗号的使用：非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开，限制性定语从句不可用逗号（如错误：The girl, who is my friend, is tall. 若 “who is my friend” 是限定信息，应去掉逗号）。 2. that 的限制：非限制性定语从句中绝对不能用 that 引导（错误：He likes music, that makes him happy. 正确：He likes music, which makes him happy.）。 3. 先行词范围：限制性定语从句的先行词多为具体名词；非限制性定语从句的先行词可指整个主句（如 It rained hard, which delayed our trip. 此处 which 指代前文 “下大雨” 这件事）。 二、关系代词的用法 用法介绍 关系代词指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，常见的有 who, whom, which, that, whose。 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的成分 示例 who 指人 主语（不可省略） The man who is talking is my teacher.（正在说话的人是我的老师。） whom 指人 宾语（可省略） The girl whom you met yesterday is Lucy.（你昨天见到的女孩是露西。） which 指物 主语或宾语（宾语可省略） This is the bag which I lost.（这是我丢失的包。） The book which lies on the desk is mine.（桌上的书是我的。） that 指人或物 主语或宾语（宾语可省略） He is the boy that helped me.（他是帮我的那个男孩。） This is the pen that I need.（这是我需要的笔。） whose 指人或物的所属 定语 This is the student whose mother is a doctor.（这是那个妈妈是医生的学生。） I live in a house whose windows face south.（我住在一栋窗户朝南的房子里。） 注意事项 1. who 与 whom 的区别：who 在从句中作主语，whom 作宾语（口语中可用 who 代替 whom，但介词后必须用 whom，如 The man to whom you spoke is my uncle.）。 2. that 与 which 的选择：先行词既有人又有物时，只能用 that（如 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.）；先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时，只能用 that（如 This is the best film that I have seen.）。 3. whose 的转换：whose + 名词可转换为 “the + 名词 + of + 关系代词”（如 a boy whose father is a soldier = a boy the father of whom is a soldier）。 一、单句语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·陕西渭南·期中）The rescue work followed was carried out by people from all over the country. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：随后的救援工作是由来自全国各地的人们进行的。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The rescue work，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 2．（24-25高一上·陕西渭南·期中）Workers built shelters for people homes had been destroyed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：工人们为那些家园被毁的人们搭建了避难所。空处引导定语从句，先行词people，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词homes，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 3．（22-23高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：无论我们的爱好是什么，互联网都可以将我们与同样喜欢做这些事情的其他人联系起来，即使他们住在世界的另一边。空处引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为指人的不定代词others，所以这里应用who或that引导。故填who/that。 4．（24-25高一上·广东东莞·期中）The winner talked a lot about things and people helped him become a successful athlete. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：获胜者谈了很多帮助他成为一名成功运动员的事情和人。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是things and people，即指人又指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 5．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中）The girl everybody had thought would win the game failed at last. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大家都认为会赢得比赛的那个女孩最后失败了。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填定语从句的关系代词修饰先行词girl，关系词在从句中充当主语，指人，everybody had thought为插入语。故填who或that。 6．（24-25高一上·广东东莞·期中）After successfully winning the right to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, Beijing will become the world’s first city hosts both Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在成功获得2022年冬奥会举办权后，北京将成为世界上第一个同时举办夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会的城市。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是city，其前有序数词修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 7．（24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期中）My lecture today may not be able to do justice to all the work people have done behind the scenes. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我今天的演讲可能无法公正地描述人们在幕后所做的所有工作。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词是work，且被all修饰，因此空格处只用that不用which，故填that。 8．（24-25高一上·广东·期中）Experts suggest that parents’ high quality company is the best present a child is eager for. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：专家建议，父母高质量的陪伴是孩子渴望的最好礼物。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是present，指物，关系词在从句作宾语，且先行词由最高级修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 9．（24-25高一上·吉林长春·期中）There’s an app counts every step you take during the day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有一款应用程序会计算你一天中的每一步。本空引导定语从句，先行词是an app，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 10．（24-25高一上·上海·期中）This city, history can date back to 2000 years ago, has become a modern city where you can experience both the new and the old. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座城市，其历史可以追溯到2000年前，如今已经变成了一座既能体验新事物又能感受古老气息的现代化城市。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的定语从句，先行词this city在从句中作history的定语成分。故填whose。 11．（24-25高一上·上海·期中）The organization aims to help those suffer from great losses in the pandemic(疫情). (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该组织旨在帮助那些在疫情中遭受重大损失的人。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 12．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Don’t stand close to the house roof is under repair. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不要离正在维修的房子的屋顶太近。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the house，关系词在从句中作定语修饰空后的名词roof，所以使用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 13．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Think of all the good things happened. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：想想发生过的所有美好的事情。定语从句修饰先行词things，在从句作主语，且先行词由all修饰应用that引导。故填that。 14．（24-25高一上·江苏淮安·期中）A real friendship is someone support we can depend on. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：真正的友谊是我们可以依靠的人。空格处引导限制性定语从句，对先行词someone进行限定说明，关系词在从句中作定语，且意义为“其；(特指)那个人的”，所以，应该用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 15．（24-25高一上·北京西城·期中）The man responsibility was to safeguard the visitors saved the girl from the river. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：负责保护游客的人救了那个女孩免于落水。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是The man，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰responsibility，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 二、单项选择 1. （24-25高一上·天津津南·期中）The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances they saw in the Children’s Palace. A．which B．as C．who D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：客人们对在少年宫看到的孩子们和他们的表演给予了高度评价。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the children and their performances，既有人又有物，且空处在从句中作宾语，所以只能用that引导。故选D。 2. （24-25高一上·天津津南·期中）Is this the factory you visited the other day? A．where B．in which C．that D．the one 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是你前几天参观的工厂吗？空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词factory，指物，且从句中缺少visited的宾语，应用关系代词that。故选C。 3. （24-25高一上·上海·期中）Such tourists have visited Shanghai all think that a visit to Shanghai cannot be complete without a stroll along the Bund. A．who B．whom C．that D．as 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去过上海的游客都认为，不去外滩漫步，上海之行就不完整。“ have visited Shanghai”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tourists，先行词在定语从句中作主语，当先行词前有such修饰时，定语从句的关系词要用as。故选D项。 4. （24-25高一上·广东·期中）The Boys and Girls Club ______ he started in Chicago has been ______ young people since 1996. A．that, helped B．which, helping C．who, helped D．where, helping 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：他在芝加哥创办的男孩女孩俱乐部自1996年以来一直在帮助年轻人。一空处引导定语从句，先行词是The Boys and Girls Club，在从句中作宾语，用which或者that引导，二空处，根据句中since 1996可知，句中动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，空前已有has been，所以空处应填现在分词形式。故选B项。 5. （24-25高一上·广东清远·期中）This is the best film _________ has been shown so far in the city. A．who B．whose C．that D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是这个城市迄今为止放映的最好的电影。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词film，先行词被最高级best修饰，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that作引导词。故选C。 6. （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期中）Yesterday I met a foreigner with a boy in the park ________ could speak very good Chinese. A．when B．which C．where D．who 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天在公园里，我遇到了一位外国人，他带着一个男孩，那个男孩中文说得非常好。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词boy，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选D。 7. （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期中）They talked about the people and things ________ they saw in that country. A．which B．whose C．who D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们谈论他们在那个国家看到的人和事。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the people and things，既有人也有物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that引导。故选D。 8. （24-25高一上·天津南开·期中）In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike. A．who B．his C．which D．whose 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画栩栩如生。an artist为先行词，表示人，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词作从句中paintings的定语，表示所属关系，用关系代词whose引导从句。故选D。 9. （24-25高一上·吉林·期中）________ to take the English Evening Course, please fill in this form. A．Those that want B．Anyone wants C．Those who want D．People want 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些想要参加英语夜校课程的人，请填写这张表格。空处需要一个能引导定语从句修饰先行词“Those（那些人）”的引导词，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词是指人，所以用关系代词who引导定语从句，构成“Those who...”结构，主语为复数，动词用want。故选C项。 10. （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）When people talk about the cities of China, the first comes into their mind is Beijing. A．where B．when C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当人们谈论中国的城市时，第一个进入他们脑海的就是北京。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是 the first（这里指代 the first city），当先行词被序数词修饰时，关系代词通常用 that，不用 which，故选 D 项。 11. （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）The Europeans will never forget the days they spent together in Yangzhou. A．which B．when C．where D．who 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些欧洲人永远不会忘记他们一起在扬州度过的日子。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是the days，指物，且在从句中作spent的宾语，此定语从句用关系代词which/that引导。故选A项。 12. （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. A．who B．whose C．whom D．that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，这对夫妻的孩子经常很吵。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a couple，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导从句。故选B。 13. （24-25高一上·黑龙江大庆·期中）This is the best way ________ can prevent pollution. A．where B．which C．in which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是防止污染的最好的方式。本句考查定语从句，它的先行词前有最高级修饰，且引导词在从句中做主语或宾语，引导词用that。故选D项。 14. （24-25高一上·广东江门·期中）Have you seen the sunflowers________ are bought as presents for your Mother’s Day? A．who B．which C．whose D．as 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你看到那些送给你母亲节的向日葵了吗？空处引导定语从句，先行词the sunflowers，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故选B。 15. （24-25高一上·黑龙江牡丹江·期中）There are many people _______ believe that zoos are cruel. A．which B．who C．whose D．what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有很多人认为动物园很残忍。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，且在从句中作主语，应该用who或者that引导定语从句。因为定语从句中已经有了that引导的宾语从句，为了避免重复，使用who进行引导。故选B。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·山西·期中）Yoshie Minamidani is a survivor of the 7.6 magnitude earthquake. It 1 Wajima in Ishikawa Prefecture and nearby regions on New Year’s Day, leaving at least 202 people 2 , scores missing and buildings in ruins — including Minamidani’s seafood store. Minamidani could hardly 3 when she first saw the entire store burned down by a fire. Many in Wajima, including Minamidani, found their homes too 4 to live in. Now Minamidani is staying in a nearby house with her husband, two children, and other relatives who have 5 their homes. Minamidani counts herself 6 . She was in the car with her family, on their way to a temple to celebrate New Year’s Day, when the big quake hit. None of them were injured. Minamidani first opened her store three decades ago when she was 17. She 7 that business connects people. Customers come to her 8 not just for the fish, but to 9 her — so she always keeps smiling. She has already 10 others in Wajima to rent a place in nearby Kanazawa where they can 11 their fish businesses together. They may have to use 12 caught in other ports, as Wajima’s port and the boats there were 13 damaged — more time is needed before they can go back out to 14 . Some in Wajima have 15 and are leaving, but she is staying and will bring Wajima back, Minamidani said. 1. A．stopped B．created C．benefitted D．shook 2. A．proud B．guilty C．dead D．grateful 3. A．speak B．refuse C．study D．escape 4. A．outdated B．far C．small D．damaged 5. A．built B．lost C．bought D．visited 6. A．lucky B．kind C．honest D．careful 7. A．predicts B．believes C．promises D．worries 8. A．backyard B．office C．apartment D．store 9. A．charge B．represent C．see D．understand 10. A．beaten B．joined C．allowed D．ordered 11. A．restart B．replace C．remember D．recommend 12. A．fruits B．meat C．vegetables D．fish 13. A．secretly B．badly C．partly D．possibly 14. A．school B．bed C．sea D．dinner 15. A．checked out B．waken up C．given up D．lain down 【答案】 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述米纳米达尼（Minamidani）在地震之后仍然努力让被毁的鱼店重新开张的故事。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：元旦那天，它震动了石川县和附近地区的轮岛，造成至少202人死亡，数十人失踪，建筑物被毁，其中包括南美达尼的海鲜店。A. stopped停止；B. created创造；C. benefitted有益于；D. shook摇晃。根据上文“the 7.6 magnitude earthquake.”可知，地震让这个地区摇晃起来。故选D。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第1题详解。A. proud骄傲的；B. guilty有罪的；C. dead死的；D. grateful感激的。根据下文“scores missing and buildings in ruins”可知，这里在列举地震造成的损失，所以是202人死亡。故选C。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当米纳米达尼第一次看到整个商店被大火烧毁时，她几乎说不出话来。A. speak说；B. refuse拒绝；C. study学习；D. escape逃跑。根据下文“when she first saw the entire store burned down by a fire.”可知，米纳米达尼第一次看到整个商店被大火烧毁，她应该是被吓的几乎说不出话来。故选A。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：包括米纳米达尼在内的许多轮岛人发现他们的房子损坏严重，无法居住。A. outdated过时的；B. far远的；C. small小的；D. damaged被毁的。根据下文“Now Minamidani is staying in a nearby house with her husband, two children”可知，他们的房子被地震毁了。故选D。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在米纳米达尼和丈夫、两个孩子以及其他失去家园的亲戚住在附近的房子里。A. built建立；B. lost失去；C. bought买；D. visited参观。根据上文“Now Minamidani is staying in a nearby house”可知，他们没有在自己家的房子里面住，说明他们失去了自己的房子。故选B。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：米纳米达尼觉得自己很幸运。A. lucky幸运的；B. kind友好的；C. honest诚实的；D. careful仔细的。根据下文“She was in the car with her family, on their way to a temple to celebrate New Year’s Day, when the big quake hit. None of them were injured.”可知，地震的时候米纳米达尼一家人没有受伤，所以她觉得自己很幸运。故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她认为商业将人们联系在一起。A. predicts预测；B. believes认为；C. promises承诺；D. worries担心。根据下文“that business connects people.”可知，这是米纳米达尼自己认为的看法。故选B。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：顾客来她的店不仅是为了鱼，也是为了看她——所以她总是面带微笑。A. backyard后院；B. office办公室；C. apartment公寓；D. store商店。根据下文“for the fish”可知，这里指人们来到她的鱼店。故选D。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A. charge管理；B. represent代表；C. see看见；D. understand理解。根据上文“She ____7____ that business connects people.”可知，米纳米达尼认为商业将人们联系在一起，所以人们来到她的店里不仅是来买鱼，还是来看她的。故选C。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她已经和轮岛的其他人一起在金泽附近租了一个地方，在那里他们可以一起重新开始他们的渔业业务。A. beaten打败；B. joined加入；C. allowed允许；D. ordered命令。根据下文“together”可知，米纳米达尼加入了岛上的其他人，一起租了个地方。故选B。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第10题详解。A. restart重新开始；B. replace代替；C. remember记得；D. recommend建议。根据上文“rent a place”可知，他们一起租了个地方是要重新开始他们的渔业业务。故选A。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可能不得不使用在其他港口捕获的鱼，因为轮岛的港口和那里的船只都严重受损，需要更多的时间才能重新出海。A. fruits水果；B. meat肉；C. vegetables蔬菜；D. fish鱼。根据上文“their fish businesses”可知，米纳米达尼是要开鱼店，所以要进鱼。故选D。 13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. secretly秘密地；B. badly糟糕地；C. partly部分地；D. possibly可能地。根据上文“They may have to use ____12____ caught in other ports”可知，他们要使用在其他港口捕获的鱼，因为轮岛的港口和那里的船只都严重受损。故选B。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. school学校；B. bed床；C. sea海洋；D. dinner晚餐。根据上文“they can go back out”可知，这里指他们重新出海去捕鱼。故选C。 15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：米纳米达尼说，轮岛的一些人已经放弃并准备离开，但她会留下来，并将轮岛带回来。A. checked out结账；B. waken up醒来；C. given up放弃；D. lain down躺下。根据下文“are leaving”可知，轮岛的一些人准备离开，说明他们已经放弃了。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·江西抚州·期末）Flooding was fairly usual for a Queensland summer. This time, however, there had been a lot of rain and flash flooding further north which 1 ran down to the river. My younger brother was getting 2 and thought we should evacuate. We spent hours trying to 3 him down. The water had never gotten to less than 1 to 2 meters away from our street level. After a few more 4 , the water levels were getting much higher than we’d seen before and we thought it best if we moved our cars to the higher 5 just in case it got to the street level. Later, we 6 a lot of furniture and electronics upstairs. Finally, we decided to 7 . The water was getting close to the street level, which only meant another foot from 8 our bottom floor. We left to spend the 9 with my cousin who lived in a neighborhood close by. We heard that the water had 10 further, but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn’t see anything from our cousin’s house. The 11 moment was when we finally got to see our house. There is a high school behind our house, which 12 at the base of this large hill, with an elevated sports oval (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house. The water at its 13 was about 2 inches from being level with the oval. We 14 it to survey our house. Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable 15 I had ever seen. 1. A．fast B．slowly C．actually D．eventually 2. A．excited B．nervous C．curious D．disappointed 3. A．turn B．lay C．calm D．break 4. A．hours B．degree C．meters D．days 5. A．level B．ground C．speed D．house 6. A．made B．sold C．covered D．moved 7. A．swim B．separate C．leave D．stay 8. A．reaching B．flooding C．entering D．destroying 9. A．weekend B．money C．holiday D．night 10. A．fallen B．run C．risen D．washed 11. A．funniest B．scariest C．strangest D．greatest 12. A．lies B．operates C．keeps D．spreads 13. A．height B．length C．depth D．width. 14. A．stood by B．waved at C．looked through D．walked across 15. A．flood B．building C．view D．sport 【答案】 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在洪水期间的经历。 1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这一次，有大量的降雨和山洪暴发，进一步向北，最终流向河流。A. fast快速地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. actually实际上；D. eventually最终。根据前文“Flooding was fairly usual for a Queensland summer. This time, however, there had been a lot of rain and flash flooding further north”可知，山洪最终流到了河里。故选D。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的弟弟变得很紧张，认为我们应该撤离。A. excited兴奋的；B. nervous紧张的；C. curious好奇的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“We spent hours trying to ____3____ him down.”可知，作者的弟弟很紧张。故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们花了几个小时试图让他平静下来。A. turn转动；B. lay放置；C. calm使平静；D. break打破。根据前文“My younger brother was getting ____2____ and thought we should evacuate.”可知，作者的弟弟很紧张，作者他们在努力让他平静下来。故选C。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：又过了几个小时，水位比我们之前看到的要高得多，我们认为最好把车移到地势较高的地方，以防水位上升到街道的高度。A. hours小时；B. degree度数；C. meters米；D. days天。根据前文“We spent hours trying to ____3____ him down.”可知，此处表示几个小时后。故选A。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：又过了几个小时，水位比我们之前看到的要高得多，我们认为最好把车移到地势较高的地方，以防水位上升到街道的高度。A. level水平；B. ground地面；地方；C. speed速度；D. house房子。根据前文“the water levels were getting much higher than we’d seen before”可知，把车开到更高的地方，以防水位涨到街道的高度。故选B。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我们把很多家具和电子设备搬到了楼上。A. made制造；B. sold销售；C. covered覆盖；D. moved移动。根据后文“Finally, we decided to ____7____.”可知，此他们要离开，所以把很多家具和电子设备搬到了楼上。故选D。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们决定离开。A. swim游泳；B. separate分离；C. leave离开；D. stay停留。根据后文“We left to spend the ____9____ with my cousin who lived in a neighborhood close by.”可知，水位越来越高，他们不得不离开。故选C。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：水越来越接近街道的高度，这意味着到达我们的底层只有一英尺的距离了。A. reaching到达；B. flooding淹没；C. entering进入；D. destroying破坏。根据前文“The water was getting close to the street level,”可知，洪水快淹到达他们房子的底层了。故选A。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们离开家去住在附近的表弟家过夜。A. weekend周末；B. money金钱；C. holiday假期；D. night晚上。根据前文“Finally, we decided to ____7____.”和后文“but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn’t see anything from our cousin’s house.”可知，他们要离开家，所以去表弟家过夜。故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们听说水涨得更高了，但不知道有多深，因为天已经黑了，我们从表弟的房子里什么也看不见。A. fallen落下；B. run跑；C. risen上升；D. washed洗。根据前文“The water was getting close to the street level, which only meant another foot from ____8____ our bottom floor.”可知，此处表示洪水又涨了。故选C。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最可怕的时刻是我们终于看到我们的房子的时候。A. funniest最有趣的；B. scariest最可怕的；C. strangest最奇怪的；D. greatest最伟大的。根据后文“Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable ____15____ I had ever seen.”可知，看到他们的房子时，这是最可怕的时刻。故选B。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们房子后面有一所高中，它坐落在这座大山的山脚下，有一个高架椭圆形体育场就在我们房子后面。A. lies躺；位于；B. operates操作；C. keeps保持；D. spreads传播。根据后文“at the base of this large hill, with an elevated sports oval (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house.”可知，这所高中就在他们房子后面，lie“位于”符合语境。故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其高度处的水与椭圆的水平面相距约2英寸。A. height高度；B. length长度；C. depth深度；D. width宽度。根据前文“about 2 inches from being level with the oval.”可知，此处表示水的高度。故选A。 14. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们穿过去视察我们的房子。A. stood by袖手旁观；B. waved at向……挥手；C. looked through浏览；D. walked across穿过。根据前文“The water at its ____13____ was about 2 inches from being level with the oval.”可知，他们穿过运动场去看房子。故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到我们二楼卧室的窗户上拍打着水，这是我见过的最令人难以置信的景象。A. flood洪水；B. building建筑物；C. view风景；D. sport运动。根据前文“Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house”可知，此处表示看到的景象，也是作者见过的最令人难以置信的景象。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上·广东汕头·期中）I used to think my life was perfect. My mom had her dream job and a beautiful office and I had my own room with a computer and a garden to look after. But one Sunday, everything changed. A hurricane 1 our neighborhood while we were visiting my grandparents in Raleigh. Our kitchen was 2 , and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins. But something 3 happened. Our neighbors, the Flores family, came to our 4 . They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay. Their 5 was most impressive. We had never 6 spoken to them before, but they 7 their home to us and made us feel like family. We started a new 8 of having weekend dinner together. We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us, and our 9 were filled with laughter and delicious food. It was a beautiful thing to see our 10 come together in the wake of a disaster. I 11 knew Rosica, their daughter, before the hurricane. But she quickly became my friend. She had a gift for 12 and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter. Looking back, I realize that the hurricane 13 unexpected benefit. It brought us closer to our neighbors and 14 our lives in ways we never could have imagined. Sometimes, it takes a(n) 15 to bring out the best in people. 1. A．visited B．exchanged C．approached D．swept 2. A．affected B．changed C．destroyed D．cleaned 3. A．invisible B．unexpected C．impossible D．awkward 4. A．mind B．contact C．aid D．sense 5. A．belief B．request C．wealth D．kindness 6. A．really B．obviously C．naturally D．clearly 7. A．sold B．rented C．showed D．opened 8. A．business B．project C．tradition D．life 9. A．destinations B．gatherings C．journeys D．memories 10. A．family B．survivors C．community D．supporters 11. A．soon B．never C．already D．also 12. A．fortune telling B．story telling C．mind reading D．house keeping 13. A．brought about B．resulted from C．made up D．gave out 14. A．rescued B．unearthed C．enriched D．recorded 15. A．legend B．effort C．party D．disaster 【答案】 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一场飓风席卷了作者所在的社区，作者的家被摧毁了，但是之前并不熟悉的邻居向作者一家伸出了援手，整个社区也团结在了一起。由此作者感悟到一场灾难才能激发出人们最好的一面。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们去罗利拜访我的祖父母时，一场飓风席卷了我们的社区。A. visited参观；B. exchanged交换；C. approached靠近；D. swept扫除；席卷。根据后文“our clean and comfortable home was in ruins.(我们干净舒适的家变成了废墟)”可知，飓风席卷了我们的社区，摧毁了我们的家园。故选D。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的厨房被毁了，我们干净舒适的家也成了一片废墟。我们的厨房被毁了，我们干净舒适的家成了一片废墟。A. affected影响；B. changed改变；C. destroyed摧毁；D. cleaned打扫干净。前文“A hurricane ____1____ our neighborhood”提到一场飓风席卷了作者所在的社区，由此可知，厨房被毁了，舒适的家变成一片废墟。故选C。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是意想不到的事情发生了。A. invisible看不见的；B. unexpected意料之外的；C. impossible不可能的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据后文“They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.”和“Looking back, I realize that the hurricane____13____unexpected benefit.”可知，几乎没怎么说话的邻居来帮助作者一家，这是意想不到的事情。故选B。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的邻居弗洛雷斯一家来帮助我们。A. mind思维；B. contact联系；C. aid帮助；D. sense感觉。根据后文“They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.(他们帮我们清理碎片，还给了我们一个住处)”可知，邻居一家来帮助作者一家，短语为come to one’s aid表示“帮助某人”。故选C。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的善良给人留下了深刻的印象。A. belief信念；B. require要求；C. wealth财富；D. kindness善良。根据前文“They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.(他们帮我们清理碎片，还给了我们一个住处)”可知，邻居一家帮助作者一家，由此可知，他们是善良的。故选D。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们以前从未和他们真正交谈过，但他们向我们敞开了家门，让我们有家的感觉。A. really真正地；B. obviously 显然地；C. naturally自然地；D. clearly清楚地。根据后文“spoken to them before, but they”可知，but表示转折，作者一家此前从未和他们真正交谈过，但是他们却向作者一家提供帮助。故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们以前从未和他们真正交谈过，但他们向我们敞开了家门，让我们有家的感觉。A. sold出售；B. rented租；C. showed展示；D. opened打开。根据上文“offered us a place to stay”可知，邻居一家为作者一家提供了住处，由此可知，他们为作者一家敞开大门。故选D。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们开始了周末一起吃晚饭的新传统。A. business生意；B. project项目；C. tradition传统；D. life生活。根据后文“of having weekend dinner together”可知，周末一起吃晚饭这是一项新传统。故选C。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们邀请了附近的其他家庭加入我们，我们的聚会充满了笑声和美味的食物。A. destinations目的地；B. gatherings聚会；C. journeys旅程；D. memories记忆。根据上文“having weekend dinner together”和“We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us, and our”可知，我们一起聚在一起吃晚饭，由此可知，此处指聚会。故选B。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到我们的社区在灾难之后团结起来是一件很美好的事情。A. family家人；B. survivors 幸存者；C. community社区；D. supporters支持者。根据上文“We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us”可知，我们邀请了附近的其他家庭加入我们，这都是一个社区的，由此可知，社区因为灾难团结在一起，开始一起聚会。故选C。 11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：飓风来之前，我一点也不认识他们的女儿罗西卡。A. soon很快；B. never从不；一点也不；C. already已经；D. also也。根据后文“knew Rosica, their daughter, before the hurricane”可知，飓风发生之前作者一点也不认识邻居的女儿。故选B。 12. 考查名词短语辨析。句意：她有讲故事的天赋，我们在一起的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声。A. fortune telling算命；B. story telling讲故事；C. mind reading读心术；D. house keeping内务工作。根据后文“and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter”和选项可知，我们在一起的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声，这说明是在听故事，即Rosica讲的故事让我们的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声。故选B。 13. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我意识到飓风带来了意想不到的好处。A. brought about引起；B. resulted from起因于；C. made up组成；D. gave out泄露。根据后文“unexpected benefit”和上文提到的因为飓风作者和邻居以及社区的人们聚到了一起可知，此处指飓风带来了意想不到的好处。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它拉近了我们与邻居的距离，并以我们从未想象过的方式丰富了我们的生活。A. rescued救援；B. unearthed出土；C. enriched使丰富；D. recorded记录。此处呼应前文“our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter”，由此可知，飓风拉近了与邻居的距离，丰富了生活。故选C。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时候，一场灾难才能激发出人们最好的一面。A. legend传奇；B. effort努力；C. party派对；D. disaster灾难。上文提到，飓风之后社区团结在一起，所以说一场灾难能激发出人们最好的一面。故选D。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·贵州贵阳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Being caught in a flood is incredibly dangerous. Like many other natural disasters, floods can occur without warning. If a flood warning has been issued, seek shelter immediately, and never attempt to walk, swim or drive through floodwaters. It only takes six inches of moving water 1 (knock) a person off their feet, and being knocked unconsciously by a fall into moving water could be fatal. Watch out for damaged areas. Avoid bridges 2 cross rapidly-moving water, as floodwaters can cause bridges to collapse. The soil under the usual routes will be 3 (mud) and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find alternate routes over high ground or wait for the authorities to indicate which roads are safe. Listen to emergency broadcasts for further 4 (instruct). If told to evacuate (撤离), do so as 5 (quick) as possible. Stay inside a car trapped by fast-moving water. Only get out if the water begins to flood the car 6 (it), then move to the roof of the vehicle. If 7 (trap) within a flooding building, move to the 8 (high) floor. Don’t go into the at tic (阁楼), as it is possible to become trapped there without a way to escape. Just relocate to the roof if necessary. Once there, signal for help, such as drawing SOS on it. Avoid power lines, as they are often 9 (damage) during intense storms and flooding. A downed power line can cause the surrounding water to become charged, 10 (lead) to electrocution (触电死亡). 【答案】 1. to knock 2. that/which 3. muddy 4. instructions 5. quickly 6. itself 7. trapped 8. highest 9. damaged 10. leading 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了洪水期间一些保护自身安全的措施。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：只需要6英寸的流水就可以把一个人撞倒，而被落入流水中的人无意中撞倒可能是致命的。句中It是形式主语，空处应用动词不定式形式作真正的主语，固定句型It takes sth. to do sth.表示“做某事需要……”。故填to knock。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：避免跨越快速移动的水的桥梁，因为洪水会导致桥梁倒塌。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为bridges，指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 3. 考查形容词。句意：通常的路线下的土壤会是泥泞的，并且支撑不住车辆的重量。设空处应填形容词作表语，muddy是形容词，意为“泥泞的”。故填muddy。 4. 考查名词。句意：听从紧急广播的进一步指示。设空处应填名词作介词for的宾语，结合句意“指示”应用名词instruction，可数名词，由前面的further修饰应用复数形式表示泛指。故填instructions。 5. 考查副词。句意：如果被告知撤离，尽快撤离。设空处应填副词修饰动词do，quick的副词为quickly，意为“快速地”。故填quickly。 6. 考查代词。句意：只有当水开始淹没汽车本身时，才出来，然后转移到汽车的顶部。设空处指代前文提到的car，应用反身代词itself，意为“本身”。故填itself。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你被困在洪水淹没的建筑物里，移到最高的楼层。设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，主句为省略主语you的祈使句，trap与逻辑主语you之间是被动关系，表示“被困”，应用过去分词trapped作状语，此处构成状语从句的省略结构，完整的句子为if you are trapped within a flooding building。故填trapped。 8. 考查形容词最高级。句意：如果你被困在洪水淹没的建筑物里，移到最高的楼层。设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词floor，结合句意“最高的”应用形容词最高级highest，意为“最高的”。故填highest。 9. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：避开电线，因为在暴风雨和洪水期间它们经常被破坏。此处they指代前文的power lines，其与damage之间是被动关系，此处表示“被破坏”，故此处使用过去分词形式，与前文are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填damaged。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：倒下的电线会使周围的水带电，导致触电死亡。句中已有谓语动词can cause，设空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语，结合句意“导致”可知，动词lead和主句之间为主动关系，应用现在分词leading。故填leading。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山东淄博·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Natural disasters are 1 (event) caused by nature that can cause a lot of damage. They can harm the environment, destroy buildings, 2 even take lives. It’s important to know about them so we can be prepared. A common natural disaster is the earthquake. Earthquakes happen when the ground 3 (shake) because of movements in the Earth’s crust (地壳). This shaking can cause buildings and roads 4 (fall) down, leading to injuries and deaths. Another 5 (power) natural disaster is the hurricane. Hurricanes are strong storms that form over warm ocean waters. They bring heavy rain, 6 can cause flooding, and damage buildings, and strong winds. The Atlantic hurricane season is from June 7 November, and places like the Caribbean and the southeastern United States are often affected. Floods are another type of natural disaster that can happen almost anywhere. Flooding occurs when there is too much water, 8 (usual) from heavy rain, rivers overflowing, or melting snow. Floods can damage homes and roads. Even though we cannot stop natural disasters, we can prepare for them. It’s important to follow safety guidelines, have an emergency kit ready, and stay informed about the risks in your area. By 9 (learn) about natural disasters, we can better protect 10 (we) and our communities. 【答案】 1. events 2. and 3. shakes 4. to fall 5. powerful 6. which 7. to 8. usually 9. learning 10. ourselves 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了几种自然灾害。 1. 考查名词复数。句意：自然灾害是由自然引起的，可以造成很大破坏的事件。event是可数名词，主语Natural disasters表示复数意义，故用名词复数作表语，表泛指，故填events。 2. 考查连词。句意：它们会危害环境，破坏建筑物，甚至夺去生命。harm、destroy和take是三个并列的谓语动词，使用and连接，故填and。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：地震是由于地壳运动引起的地面震动而发生的。句子是描述一个客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语ground表示单数意义，谓语动词使用单数，故填shakes。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种震动会导致建筑物和道路倒塌，导致伤亡。cause…to do sth“导致……做某事”，固定句式，故填to fall。 5. 考查形容词。句意：另一个强大的自然灾害是飓风。空处修饰名词disaster，使用形容词作定语，故填powerful。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：它们会带来暴雨，这会导致洪水，破坏建筑物，还会带来强风。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是rain，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词which引导，故填which。 7. 考查介词。句意：大西洋飓风季节从6月到11月，像加勒比海和美国东南部这样的地方经常受到影响。from…to…“从……到……”，固定短语，故填to。 8. 考查副词。句意：洪水发生时，有太多的水，通常由大雨，河流泛滥，或融化的雪。空处作状语修饰后面的介词短语，应用副词作状语，故填usually。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过了解自然灾害，我们可以更好地保护自己和我们的社区。空处作介词宾语，应用动名词形式，故填learning。 10. 考查反身代词。句意：同上。空处作宾语，和主语是同一指代对象，使用反身代词，故填ourselves。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·湖北·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) 1 (form) in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs. The team brings help and hope to those 2 lives are changed by a storm, food, earthquake, or any other natural disaster. After long and careful training, the team went on its first international rescue missions in 2003. That year the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China and the team won high praise 3 their bravery and skill. Since then, the CISAR 4 (complete) many missions. The list of people to whom help has been given is long. The team treated more than3000 people 5 (injure) in the2006 earthquake in Indonesia and spent 3 months 6 (give ) aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan. Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water, and other supplies. They have to be able to do work that is difficult under conditions which can be 7 (danger). Even they also bury 8 dead. Rescue workers must have big 9 (heart), too. 10 takes a lot of love and courage to risk one’s own life to save someone else’s. 【答案】 1. was formed 2. whose 3. for 4. has completed 5. injured 6. giving 7. dangerous 8. the 9. hearts 10. It 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国国际搜寻救援队的一些情况。这个团队为那些生活因风暴、洪水、地震或其他自然灾害而改变的人们带来了帮助和希望。 1. 考查时态语态。句意：中国国际搜救队成立于2001年，目前由数百名救援人员和约20只嗅探犬组成。这里考查谓语，The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR)与动词form为被动关系，且由in 2001 可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填was formed。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：该团队为那些因风暴、食物、地震或任何其他自然灾害而改变生活的人带来了帮助和希望。这里考查定语从句，先行词those，在从句中作定语，所以应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 3. 考查介词。句意：这是中国队首次在国外工作，他们的勇气和技巧赢得了高度赞扬。这里考查win praise for，表“因……赢得赞誉”，为固定搭配。故填for。 4. 考查时态。句意：从那时起，CISAR已经完成了许多任务。这里考查谓语动词，the CISAR与complete为主动关系，再由Since then可知，这里时态应用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数。故填has completed。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该团队治疗了2006年印度尼西亚地震中受伤的3000多人，并花了3个月的时间为2010年巴基斯坦洪水中的25000多名受害者提供了援助。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，3000 people与动词injure为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填injured。 6. 考查非谓语。句意：该团队治疗了2006年印度尼西亚地震中受伤的3000多人，并花了3个月的时间为2010年巴基斯坦洪水中的25000多名受害者提供了援助。这里考查spend time (in) doing sth，表“花时间做某事”，为固定句型。故填giving。 7. 考查形容词。句意：他们必须能够在危险的条件下做困难的工作。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语。故填dangerous。 8. 考查冠词。句意：甚至他们也埋葬死者。这里考查the+形容词表一类人，the dead，表“死者”。故填the。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：救援人员也必须心胸开阔。heart“心”为可数名词，且由Rescue workers可知，这里应用名词复数形式作宾语。故填hearts。 10. 考查代词。句意：冒着生命危险去救别人需要很多爱和勇气。分析句子可知，此空应填it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式 to risk one’s own life to save someone else’s，且句首时首字母应大写。故填It。 3 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$单元核心语法·精练 必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters （定语从句（一）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、定语从句的分类及结构特点 用法介绍 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，分为限制性和非限制性两种，核心区别在于与先行词的关系紧密程度及结构形式。 分类 意义与功能 结构特点 示例 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限定作用，不可或缺，去掉会影响句意 主句与从句之间无逗号；关系词作宾语时可省略；可用 that 引导 This is the book (that) I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的书。） 非限制性定语从句 对先行词或主句起补充说明作用，去掉不影响句意 主句与从句之间用逗号隔开；关系词作宾语时不可省略；不能用 that 引导 She lives in Paris, which is a beautiful city.（她住在巴黎，那是个美丽的城市。） 注意事项 1. 逗号的使用：非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开，限制性定语从句不可用逗号（如错误：The girl, who is my friend, is tall. 若 “who is my friend” 是限定信息，应去掉逗号）。 2. that 的限制：非限制性定语从句中绝对不能用 that 引导（错误：He likes music, that makes him happy. 正确：He likes music, which makes him happy.）。 3. 先行词范围：限制性定语从句的先行词多为具体名词；非限制性定语从句的先行词可指整个主句（如 It rained hard, which delayed our trip. 此处 which 指代前文 “下大雨” 这件事）。 二、关系代词的用法 用法介绍 关系代词指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，常见的有 who, whom, which, that, whose。 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的成分 示例 who 指人 主语（不可省略） The man who is talking is my teacher.（正在说话的人是我的老师。） whom 指人 宾语（可省略） The girl whom you met yesterday is Lucy.（你昨天见到的女孩是露西。） which 指物 主语或宾语（宾语可省略） This is the bag which I lost.（这是我丢失的包。） The book which lies on the desk is mine.（桌上的书是我的。） that 指人或物 主语或宾语（宾语可省略） He is the boy that helped me.（他是帮我的那个男孩。） This is the pen that I need.（这是我需要的笔。） whose 指人或物的所属 定语 This is the student whose mother is a doctor.（这是那个妈妈是医生的学生。） I live in a house whose windows face south.（我住在一栋窗户朝南的房子里。） 注意事项 1. who 与 whom 的区别：who 在从句中作主语，whom 作宾语（口语中可用 who 代替 whom，但介词后必须用 whom，如 The man to whom you spoke is my uncle.）。 2. that 与 which 的选择：先行词既有人又有物时，只能用 that（如 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.）；先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时，只能用 that（如 This is the best film that I have seen.）。 3. whose 的转换：whose + 名词可转换为 “the + 名词 + of + 关系代词”（如 a boy whose father is a soldier = a boy the father of whom is a soldier）。 一、单句语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·陕西渭南·期中）The rescue work followed was carried out by people from all over the country. (用适当的词填空) 2．（24-25高一上·陕西渭南·期中）Workers built shelters for people homes had been destroyed. (用适当的词填空) 3．（22-23高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. （用适当的词填空） 4．（24-25高一上·广东东莞·期中）The winner talked a lot about things and people helped him become a successful athlete. (用适当的词填空) 5．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中）The girl everybody had thought would win the game failed at last. (用适当的词填空) 6．（24-25高一上·广东东莞·期中）After successfully winning the right to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, Beijing will become the world’s first city hosts both Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics. (用适当的词填空) 7．（24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期中）My lecture today may not be able to do justice to all the work people have done behind the scenes. (用适当的词填空) 8．（24-25高一上·广东·期中）Experts suggest that parents’ high quality company is the best present a child is eager for. (用适当的词填空) 9．（24-25高一上·吉林长春·期中）There’s an app counts every step you take during the day. (用适当的词填空) 10．（24-25高一上·上海·期中）This city, history can date back to 2000 years ago, has become a modern city where you can experience both the new and the old. (用适当的词填空) 11．（24-25高一上·上海·期中）The organization aims to help those suffer from great losses in the pandemic(疫情). (用适当的词填空) 12．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Don’t stand close to the house roof is under repair. (用适当的词填空) 13．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Think of all the good things happened. （用适当的词填空） 14．（24-25高一上·江苏淮安·期中）A real friendship is someone support we can depend on. (用适当的词填空) 15．（24-25高一上·北京西城·期中）The man responsibility was to safeguard the visitors saved the girl from the river. (用适当的词填空) 二、单项选择 1. （24-25高一上·天津津南·期中）The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances they saw in the Children’s Palace. A．which B．as C．who D．that 2. （24-25高一上·天津津南·期中）Is this the factory you visited the other day? A．where B．in which C．that D．the one 3. （24-25高一上·上海·期中）Such tourists have visited Shanghai all think that a visit to Shanghai cannot be complete without a stroll along the Bund. A．who B．whom C．that D．as 4. （24-25高一上·广东·期中）The Boys and Girls Club ______ he started in Chicago has been ______ young people since 1996. A．that, helped B．which, helping C．who, helped D．where, helping 5. （24-25高一上·广东清远·期中）This is the best film _________ has been shown so far in the city. A．who B．whose C．that D．which 6. （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期中）Yesterday I met a foreigner with a boy in the park ________ could speak very good Chinese. A．when B．which C．where D．who 7. （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期中）They talked about the people and things ________ they saw in that country. A．which B．whose C．who D．that 8. （24-25高一上·天津南开·期中）In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike. A．who B．his C．which D．whose 9. （24-25高一上·吉林·期中）________ to take the English Evening Course, please fill in this form. A．Those that want B．Anyone wants C．Those who want D．People want 10. （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）When people talk about the cities of China, the first comes into their mind is Beijing. A．where B．when C．which D．that 11. （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）The Europeans will never forget the days they spent together in Yangzhou. A．which B．when C．where D．who 12. （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. A．who B．whose C．whom D．that 13. （24-25高一上·黑龙江大庆·期中）This is the best way ________ can prevent pollution. A．where B．which C．in which D．that 14. （24-25高一上·广东江门·期中）Have you seen the sunflowers________ are bought as presents for your Mother’s Day? A．who B．which C．whose D．as 15. （24-25高一上·黑龙江牡丹江·期中）There are many people _______ believe that zoos are cruel. A．which B．who C．whose D．what 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·山西·期中）Yoshie Minamidani is a survivor of the 7.6 magnitude earthquake. It 1 Wajima in Ishikawa Prefecture and nearby regions on New Year’s Day, leaving at least 202 people 2 , scores missing and buildings in ruins — including Minamidani’s seafood store. Minamidani could hardly 3 when she first saw the entire store burned down by a fire. Many in Wajima, including Minamidani, found their homes too 4 to live in. Now Minamidani is staying in a nearby house with her husband, two children, and other relatives who have 5 their homes. Minamidani counts herself 6 . She was in the car with her family, on their way to a temple to celebrate New Year’s Day, when the big quake hit. None of them were injured. Minamidani first opened her store three decades ago when she was 17. She 7 that business connects people. Customers come to her 8 not just for the fish, but to 9 her — so she always keeps smiling. She has already 10 others in Wajima to rent a place in nearby Kanazawa where they can 11 their fish businesses together. They may have to use 12 caught in other ports, as Wajima’s port and the boats there were 13 damaged — more time is needed before they can go back out to 14 . Some in Wajima have 15 and are leaving, but she is staying and will bring Wajima back, Minamidani said. 1. A．stopped B．created C．benefitted D．shook 2. A．proud B．guilty C．dead D．grateful 3. A．speak B．refuse C．study D．escape 4. A．outdated B．far C．small D．damaged 5. A．built B．lost C．bought D．visited 6. A．lucky B．kind C．honest D．careful 7. A．predicts B．believes C．promises D．worries 8. A．backyard B．office C．apartment D．store 9. A．charge B．represent C．see D．understand 10. A．beaten B．joined C．allowed D．ordered 11. A．restart B．replace C．remember D．recommend 12. A．fruits B．meat C．vegetables D．fish 13. A．secretly B．badly C．partly D．possibly 14. A．school B．bed C．sea D．dinner 15. A．checked out B．waken up C．given up D．lain down Passage 2 （23-24高一上·江西抚州·期末）Flooding was fairly usual for a Queensland summer. This time, however, there had been a lot of rain and flash flooding further north which 1 ran down to the river. My younger brother was getting 2 and thought we should evacuate. We spent hours trying to 3 him down. The water had never gotten to less than 1 to 2 meters away from our street level. After a few more 4 , the water levels were getting much higher than we’d seen before and we thought it best if we moved our cars to the higher 5 just in case it got to the street level. Later, we 6 a lot of furniture and electronics upstairs. Finally, we decided to 7 . The water was getting close to the street level, which only meant another foot from 8 our bottom floor. We left to spend the 9 with my cousin who lived in a neighborhood close by. We heard that the water had 10 further, but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn’t see anything from our cousin’s house. The 11 moment was when we finally got to see our house. There is a high school behind our house, which 12 at the base of this large hill, with an elevated sports oval (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house. The water at its 13 was about 2 inches from being level with the oval. We 14 it to survey our house. Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable 15 I had ever seen. 1. A．fast B．slowly C．actually D．eventually 2. A．excited B．nervous C．curious D．disappointed 3. A．turn B．lay C．calm D．break 4. A．hours B．degree C．meters D．days 5. A．level B．ground C．speed D．house 6. A．made B．sold C．covered D．moved 7. A．swim B．separate C．leave D．stay 8. A．reaching B．flooding C．entering D．destroying 9. A．weekend B．money C．holiday D．night 10. A．fallen B．run C．risen D．washed 11. A．funniest B．scariest C．strangest D．greatest 12. A．lies B．operates C．keeps D．spreads 13. A．height B．length C．depth D．width. 14. A．stood by B．waved at C．looked through D．walked across 15. A．flood B．building C．view D．sport Passage 3 （23-24高一上·广东汕头·期中）I used to think my life was perfect. My mom had her dream job and a beautiful office and I had my own room with a computer and a garden to look after. But one Sunday, everything changed. A hurricane 1 our neighborhood while we were visiting my grandparents in Raleigh. Our kitchen was 2 , and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins. But something 3 happened. Our neighbors, the Flores family, came to our 4 . They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay. Their 5 was most impressive. We had never 6 spoken to them before, but they 7 their home to us and made us feel like family. We started a new 8 of having weekend dinner together. We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us, and our 9 were filled with laughter and delicious food. It was a beautiful thing to see our 10 come together in the wake of a disaster. I 11 knew Rosica, their daughter, before the hurricane. But she quickly became my friend. She had a gift for 12 and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter. Looking back, I realize that the hurricane 13 unexpected benefit. It brought us closer to our neighbors and 14 our lives in ways we never could have imagined. Sometimes, it takes a(n) 15 to bring out the best in people. 1. A．visited B．exchanged C．approached D．swept 2. A．affected B．changed C．destroyed D．cleaned 3. A．invisible B．unexpected C．impossible D．awkward 4. A．mind B．contact C．aid D．sense 5. A．belief B．request C．wealth D．kindness 6. A．really B．obviously C．naturally D．clearly 7. A．sold B．rented C．showed D．opened 8. A．business B．project C．tradition D．life 9. A．destinations B．gatherings C．journeys D．memories 10. A．family B．survivors C．community D．supporters 11. A．soon B．never C．already D．also 12. A．fortune telling B．story telling C．mind reading D．house keeping 13. A．brought about B．resulted from C．made up D．gave out 14. A．rescued B．unearthed C．enriched D．recorded 15. A．legend B．effort C．party D．disaster 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·贵州贵阳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Being caught in a flood is incredibly dangerous. Like many other natural disasters, floods can occur without warning. If a flood warning has been issued, seek shelter immediately, and never attempt to walk, swim or drive through floodwaters. It only takes six inches of moving water 1 (knock) a person off their feet, and being knocked unconsciously by a fall into moving water could be fatal. Watch out for damaged areas. Avoid bridges 2 cross rapidly-moving water, as floodwaters can cause bridges to collapse. The soil under the usual routes will be 3 (mud) and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find alternate routes over high ground or wait for the authorities to indicate which roads are safe. Listen to emergency broadcasts for further 4 (instruct). If told to evacuate (撤离), do so as 5 (quick) as possible. Stay inside a car trapped by fast-moving water. Only get out if the water begins to flood the car 6 (it), then move to the roof of the vehicle. If 7 (trap) within a flooding building, move to the 8 (high) floor. Don’t go into the at tic (阁楼), as it is possible to become trapped there without a way to escape. Just relocate to the roof if necessary. Once there, signal for help, such as drawing SOS on it. Avoid power lines, as they are often 9 (damage) during intense storms and flooding. A downed power line can cause the surrounding water to become charged, 10 (lead) to electrocution (触电死亡). Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山东淄博·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Natural disasters are 1 (event) caused by nature that can cause a lot of damage. They can harm the environment, destroy buildings, 2 even take lives. It’s important to know about them so we can be prepared. A common natural disaster is the earthquake. Earthquakes happen when the ground 3 (shake) because of movements in the Earth’s crust (地壳). This shaking can cause buildings and roads 4 (fall) down, leading to injuries and deaths. Another 5 (power) natural disaster is the hurricane. Hurricanes are strong storms that form over warm ocean waters. They bring heavy rain, 6 can cause flooding, and damage buildings, and strong winds. The Atlantic hurricane season is from June 7 November, and places like the Caribbean and the southeastern United States are often affected. Floods are another type of natural disaster that can happen almost anywhere. Flooding occurs when there is too much water, 8 (usual) from heavy rain, rivers overflowing, or melting snow. Floods can damage homes and roads. Even though we cannot stop natural disasters, we can prepare for them. It’s important to follow safety guidelines, have an emergency kit ready, and stay informed about the risks in your area. By 9 (learn) about natural disasters, we can better protect 10 (we) and our communities. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·湖北·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) 1 (form) in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs. The team brings help and hope to those 2 lives are changed by a storm, food, earthquake, or any other natural disaster. After long and careful training, the team went on its first international rescue missions in 2003. That year the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China and the team won high praise 3 their bravery and skill. Since then, the CISAR 4 (complete) many missions. The list of people to whom help has been given is long. The team treated more than3000 people 5 (injure) in the2006 earthquake in Indonesia and spent 3 months 6 (give ) aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan. Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water, and other supplies. They have to be able to do work that is difficult under conditions which can be 7 (danger). Even they also bury 8 dead. Rescue workers must have big 9 (heart), too. 10 takes a lot of love and courage to risk one’s own life to save someone else’s. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$