内容正文:
选择性必修二 Unit 1单词讲解
1.critical adj. 批评的,批判性的;关键的;危急的
1)批判的;吹毛求疵的
Students are encouraged to develop critical thinking instead of accepting everything they are told without questioning鼓励学生们养成批判性思维而不是毫无置疑地接受被告诉的一切。
2)重大的;严重的;关键的
The first 24 hours after the operation are the most critical.术后24小时是最关键的。
These talks are critical to the future of the peace process.这些谈判对和平进程的前景至关要。
短语: be critical about 对...挑剔 ; be critical to 对...关键; be critical of 对...批判
拓展:n. criticism批评;批判;指责(反 praise);评论 literary criticism文学评论
n. critic 评论家,批评家 v. criticize
1) 批评;批判;指责(反 praise ) She is always criticizing her friends for being selfish.她总是批评朋友自私。
2)评价,评论 He criticized the American film favorably. 他对那部美国电影给予了好评。
2. trap vt. 使落入险境;卡住,绊住n. 陷阱,罗网;圈套;困境,牢笼
vt. 1)把...困住,使陷入困境 Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work因为交通堵塞,他上班迟到了。
2)设陷阱捕捉,夹住,卡住 It’s cruel to trap birds.捕鸟是残忍的。
I trapped my coat in the car door. 我的外衣被车门夹住了。
3)留存,储存(气/水等)
Because of the greenhouse effect the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.
由于温室效应,储存在大气层中的气体使地球変暖。
短语: be trapped by 被...困住 trap sb into doing sth 使陷入圈套
n. 陷阱,罗网;圈套;困境,牢笼
lay/set/place a trap for mice设夹子抓老鼠; fall into/ get out of a trap 落入/摆脱圈套
the unemployment trap 失业困境; Some people feel that marriage is at trap. 有些人认为婚姻是牢笼。
3. release vt. 发布;释放;松开;发泄n. 释放;发行;排放,泄漏
vt 1) 放开;松开: release the brake松开刹车 Don’ t release the rope. 别松开绳子。
2) 放出;排放;释放: release a prisoner释放囚犯; He released the bird from its cage. 他将鸟从笼中放了出来。
The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty.这座工厂不停地放出烟雾,污染了空气。
3) 首映(电影);发行(CD、书等);发布(新闻等)
In 1995,the film Clueless,based on Jane Austen’s novel Emma,was released.
1995年,电影《无影无踪》公映,这部影片是基于简奥斯河的小说《爱玛》改编的。
短语: release...from 从...释放
n. 1) 放走;释放;排放;宣泄
a release from prison 从狱中释放 ; the release of homing pigeons 放飞信鸽
2) 发行;发布 The software is planned for release in April. 该软件计划于四月份发行。
3) 发行的影片等;发布的新闻等 the latest release 最新发行的书/电影/唱片等; press releases 新闻稿
4.ambulance n. 救护车 ambulance man 救护人员
5.extend vi. & vt. 延伸(距离);扩大;延长;伸展
1) 伸开,展开,伸出 Extend your left hand. 把左手伸出来
2)(使)延伸,(使)延长
This road extends to the river. 这条路延伸到河边。 Their stay extends to the New Year. 他们要一直待到新年。
3)(使)扩大,(使)扩展The company extended its services to Hong Kong. 该公司将其业务扩展到香港。
拓展:n. extension 延伸;扩大,延长期;电话分机,分机号码
A visa extension 延长签证; The wire has an extension of 50 feet. 电线可伸长到50英尺。
The extension of the garden will take several weeks. 扩建花园需要几个星期。
Extension 326,please. 请接326分机。
adj.extendable adj. 可延伸的,可延长的 extended adj. 延长了的,扩展了的
6.construction n. 建筑,建造;建造物
The construction of the tower took about 2 years. 建这座塔花了大约两年时间。
The shelter is a brick construction. 掩体是砖结构的。 短语: under construction 在建设中
拓展: n. constructor 建造者,制造者 v. construct 建筑,构筑,建设
the stone castle constructed five hundred years ago 500年前建造的石头城堡
7.dozen n. 许多;(一)打;十来个
two dozen bottles of orange 两打瓶装橙汁 短语: dozens of 很多,许多
The hurricane blew away dozens of farming villages and brought down thousands of trees.
飓风刮走了很多村庄,刮到了数千棵树。
8.minor adj. 轻微的,次要的
minor injury/illness 轻伤/小病 拓展:minority n. 少数,少数派;少数民族
反义词: major adj. 大的,重要的 majority n. 多数的,大量的
9.bath n. 洗澡,洗浴;浴缸,浴盆
have/take a bath 洗澡 n. bathroom 浴室,卫生间 bathtub 浴缸,澡盆
拓展:v. bathe 洗澡;(用水、药水等)浸洗;使沐浴,使沉浸
a city bathed in a festival atmosphere 沉浸在节日气氛里的城市
10. scream vi. & vt. 尖叫;发出大而尖的声音n. 尖叫,尖锐刺耳的声音 scream in/with fear 吓得尖叫
She screamed, grabbing her purse and the keys. 她大声地尖叫起来,紧紧抓住钱包和钥匙。
give a scream 发出尖叫 a scream of laughter 纵声大笑
短语:scream out 大声喊 scream at sb 朝某人大喊
11. bark vi. (狗)吠叫vt. 厉声发令n. (狗)吠声;短促响亮的人声;树皮
A barking dog doesn't bite! 吠犬不咬人 短语:bark at 对...吠叫
bark out 厉声发令;厉声质问 be barking up the wrong tree 把方法搞错(或想偏);走错路线
12. choke vt. & vi. (使)窒息;(使)哽咽,(尤指感情激动而)说不出话来
Very small toys can choke a baby. 很小的玩具可使婴儿窒息。
His voice was choking with rage. 他气得声音哽咽。Despair choked her words. 她绝望得说不出话来。
短语:choke...back 抑制,强忍住 choke to death 窒息死亡
choke sth up with sth 用...把...堵住 choke out 哽咽着说出
13. department n. 部门,局,系
the department of Education/ Foreign Affairs 教育部/ 外交部 department store 百货公司;大百货商店
短语: be one’s department某人的职责范围(或知识范围)
Don't ask me about it—that's her department. 这事别问我——那是她的职责范围。
14. carpet n. 地毯;覆盖地面的一层厚东西 近义词: blanket 毯子 carpet sweeper 地毯清扫器
15. automatic adj. 自动的;无意识的,不假思索的
automatic pilot 自动驾驶 My reaction was automatic. 我的反应是不由自主的。
A fine for this offence is automatic. 这种违法行为当然要罚款。(必然的,当然的)
拓展: automate v. 使自动化 automatically adv. 自动地
16. investigate vt. & vi. 侦查,调查;研究
However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts felt obliged to investigate.
可是,随着证据越来越多,专家们感到有必要进行一番调查。
拓展:investigation n. under investigation 处于调查中 investigative adj.调查研究的 investigator n.调查员
17. come about 发生
拓展: come across 偶然遇见,被理解 come across with sth提供,给予 come after 追查,追赶
come along 进展 come apart 破灭 come off 脱落 come out 出来,出现,出版
18. journalist n. 新闻记者,新闻工作者
拓展: journal n. 杂志,报纸,日志 journalism n. 新闻业 journalistic adj. 新闻业的
19. priority n. 优先事项,首要事情;优先权,重点
Education is a top priority . 教育是当务之急。
The search for a new vaccine will take priority over all other medical research.
研制新的疫苗将排在其他一切医学研究之前。
短语:first priority第一要务; top priority 当务之急; take priority over sth 优先安排
20. contradict vt. 相矛盾,相反;反驳,驳斥
That’s true,and don’t you dare contradict me. 这是事实,你还敢跟我顶嘴。
短语: contradict oneself 自我矛盾
拓展: contradictory adj. be contradictory to 与...矛盾 contradiction n. 矛盾
21. factual adj. 事实的,真实的 a factual account of events 事件的如实报道 factual information 事实信息
拓展:factually adv. 事实地 fact n. 事实 in fact 事实上
22. instance n. 例子,事例
The report highlights a number of instances of injustice. 这篇报道重点列举了一些不公正的实例
短语: for instance 例如,比如 in the first instance 第一,首先
拓展: instant adj. 立刻的;方便的 n. 瞬间;片刻 instantly adv. /conj.
23. differ vi. 相异;意见相左
短语: differ from 与...不同 differ over/about/on 对某事意见不同
differ in 在...不同 agree to differ 承认意见不同
拓展: difference (反 similarity) make a/no difference different(反 similar)
24. conclusion n. 结论,推论;结束,结果;签订,达成
We can safely draw some conclusions from our discussion. 从讨论中我们可以有把握地得出一些结论。
短语: reach/draw/come to a conclusion 得出结论 make a conclusion 进行总结
in conclusion 总之 jump/ leap to a conclusion 匆忙下结论;贸然断定
拓展: conclude v. 推断出,断定;结束,终止; to conclude 最后,总之,结束
25. false adj.错误的,不真实的;非天生的;假的,伪造的;不真诚的
The amount of false information on the Internet 网上海量的虚假信息 拓展:falsely adv.
26. bring sth to light 揭露,披露 come to light 显露,暴露throw /cast light on/upon 阐明,使了解
27. minimum n. 最小值,最少量adj. 最低的,最小的 pl. minima/minimums
reduce sth to a minimum 把某物减少到最小量 with a minimum effort 以最小的努力
28. maximum n. 最大量,最大限度adj. 最高的,最多的
We have a minimum of 28 people living here in the winter and a maximum of 125 in the summer.
冬天我们最少有28人生活在这里,夏天最多125人。
29. sum vt. 总结,概括n. 金额,款项;总和,总数;全部 sum up 总结,概括
His speech summed up the present situation of economy. 他的演讲概述了目前的经济形势。
To sum up , there are three main ways of tackling the problem.概括起来说,这一问题主要有三种解决办法。
a large sum of money 一大笔钱 The sum of two and two is four. 2加2的总和是4。
拓展:summary adj. 概括的, 扼要的; n. 总结;摘要,概要 in summary 总的说来
30. accurate adj. 正确无误的;精确的 (反 inaccurate)
an accurate description/account/calculation 准确的描述/叙述/ 计算 to be accurate 准确来说
拓展:accuracy n.准确性,精确度(反 inaccuracy) with accuracy 准确地 accurately adv.
31. committed adj. 尽心尽力的;承诺过的 a committed member of the team 忠于职守的队员
remain committed to one’s dream 坚持不懈地追求自己的梦想 be committed to 致力于;承诺过
拓展:commit vt. 犯(错误,罪行);承诺,保证;花钱或时间;全身心投入;忠于
commit a crime 犯罪 commit a fault 犯错 commit oneself to doing sth 致力于做某事,全身心投入做某事
commitment n. 献身,投入;承诺,许诺;花费
32. discrimination n. 辨别力,识别力;歧视,区别对待
age/racial/sex/sexual discrimination 年龄╱种族╱性别歧视 discrimination against the elderly 歧视老人
拓展:discriminate v. 歧视;区别,辨别
practices that discriminate against women and in favour of men 重男轻女的做法
discriminating adj. 有识别力的,有鉴赏力的; discriminatory adj. 歧视的,不公正的
33. curiosity n. 好奇心,求知欲;奇物,珍品
out of curiosity 出于好奇 satisfy/arouse one’s curiosity 满足/激起某人的好奇心
intellectual curiosity 求知欲 Curiosity killed the cat. 好奇害死猫。
The museum is full of historical curiosities. 这座博物馆有许多珍奇的历史文物。
拓展: curious adj.好奇的,爱探究的;奇异的,奇怪的 be curious about curiously adv.
34. commitment n. 献身,投入;承诺,许诺;花费
A career as an actor requires one hundred per cent commitment. 干演员这一行需要百分之百的投入。
Achieving success requires a commitment of time and energy取得成就需要花费时间精力。
35.citizen n. 公民;市民,居民
She's Italian by birth but is now an Australian citizen.她生于意大利,但现在是澳大利亚公民
36.found vt. 创建,创办;建立,兴建 (近义词 establish) found a club/company 创办俱乐部╱公司
Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。
37.politics n. 政治,政治事务;(个人的)政治观点,政见
a major figure in British politics 英国政坛的风云人物 He's thinking of going into politics. 他打算步入政坛。
Politics is his main subject at university.他在大学主修政治。 His politics are extreme. 他的政治观点偏激。
注:politics单复数同行形,指政治学、政治制度时视为单数,指政治见解时常用复数。
拓展:political adj. 政治的,政治上的 politician n. 政治家,政客 policy n. 政策
38.accuse vt. 谴责,控诉
She accused him of lying. 她指责他说谎。The government was accused of incompetence. 政府被指责无能。
短语:accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事(be accused of=be charged with)
拓展: accusation n. accusing adj. 谴责的,指责的an accusing look 谴责的目光
accusingly adv. accusatory adj. 谴责的,指责的 accused adj. 被控告的 the accused 被告
39.tax n. 税,税款vt. 对…征税,使纳税
to raise/cut taxes 增加╱削减税收 to pay over £1 000 in tax 缴纳1 000多英镑的税款
profits before/after tax 税前╱税后利润 a tax on cigarettes 香烟税
短语:tax sb with sth (就某事)指责,责备,谴责…
I taxed him with avoiding his responsibility as a parent. 我指责他逃避做父亲的责任。
40.mount vi. 逐步增加vt. 攀登,爬上n. 山
Pressure is mounting on the government to change the law. 迫使政府修改法律的压力不断增加。
He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd. 他登上讲台对人群发表演说。
mount up (尺寸和数量上)增加,上升 Meanwhile, my debts were mounting up. 同时,我的债务在不断增加。
41.elevation n. 提高;提升;海拔
拓展:elevate v. elevate sb to sth 提升某人到什么位置(promote) elevator n. 电梯;谷仓,粮仓;
42.profession n. 行业,职业;同行;宣称,声明
enter/go into/join a profession 从事╱加入╱参加一个行业He was an electrician by profession .他的职业是电工
拓展:professional adj. 职业的,专业的; n.专业人士 职业选手a professional tennis player 职业网球运动员
43.drama n. 戏剧;戏剧性事件 un. 戏剧艺术,戏剧文学
stage a drama 上演一出戏 There is a really good drama. 有一出真正的好戏。
A drama school 戏剧学校 a drama documentary 纪实片
拓展:dramatic adj. 戏剧性的;突然的;给人印象深刻的
the dramatic arts 戏剧艺术 a dramatic increase 剧增
a dramatic victory 激动人心的胜利 dramatically adv. 突然地;戏剧性地; 引人注目地
43.scholarship n. 奖学金;学术 win a scholarship 赢得奖学金
拓展:scholar n. 学者 a history scholar 研究历史的学者
44.category n. 类别,种类
Literature can be divided into two categories:fiction and non-fiction. 文学可以分为两类:小说和纪实文学。
45.nevertheless adv. 尽管如此
Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless. 我们的失败是意料中的事,尽管如此还是令人失望。
46.witness vt. & vi. 是发生…的时间(或地点),见证;目击;作证;是…的迹象n. 目击者,见证人;证人
Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility. 近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。
Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.
警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。
短语: be witnessed by 被...见证 be a witness to sth 是...的见证者
47.edition n. 版本;一份,一期;版次 a limited edition 限量版 the first edition 初版
拓展:edit v. 编辑,剪辑 editor n. 编辑,剪辑者 a chief editor 主编 editorial adj. 编辑的,主编的 n. 社论
48.spring up 迅速出现,突然兴起
Spring v.跳,跃,蹦;突然猛烈地移动;突然出现(或来到) n. 春天;泉水;弹簧;跳,跃
The branch sprang back and hit him in the face. 树枝弹回来打在他脸上。
Tears sprang to her eyes. 她眼里一下子涌出了泪水。
The idea for the novel sprang from a trip to India. 写这部小说的想法源于一次去印度的旅行。
49.interaction n. 互动;互相作用 interaction with ...之间的互动
拓展:interact v. 交流,沟通 interact with ... 与...相互交流 interactive adj. 合作的,互相影响的
51. broadcast n. 广播节目,电视节目vi. & vt.(broadcast, broadcast) 播送,广播;散布,传播
I missed the live broadcast of the Olympics. 我没赶上奥运会的直播。
52.advertising n. 广告活动,广告业
拓展:advertise vt. & vi. 做广告,登广告;公布,征聘;展现,宣传
advertisement n. (informal ad) 广告,启事;广告活动,广告宣传
53.persuasion n. 说服,劝说;信仰 (11)
It didn't take much persuasion to get her to tell us where he was. 我们没费什么口舌就让她说出了他的下落。
拓展:persuasive 有说服力的;令人信服的 persuasive arguments 令人信服的论点
54.persuade vt. 说服;使信服
Try to persuade him to come. 尽量劝他来。
I am still not fully persuaded of the plan's merits. 我还不能完全信服这个计划的优点。
短语:persuade sb to do 说服某人做....
persuade sb into doing persuade sb out of doing 说服某人做/不做....
persuade sb of sth (convince) persuade sb that 使某人相信
55.advertisement n. (informal ad) 广告,启事;广告活动,广告宣传
put an advertisement in a newspaper 在报纸上刊登广告
56..channel n. 途径,渠道;电视台;频道;方法;水渠
Complaints must be made through the proper channels投诉必须通过正当途径进行。change/switch channels换台
Music is a great channel for releasing your emotions. 欣赏音乐是宣泄情感的好方法。
The English Channel 英吉利海峡
拓展:channel vt. (channelled/channeled;channelling/channeling) 把(钱或精力等)导向(某一个特定目的);
Money for the project will be channelled through local government. 这个项目的资金将由地方政府提供。
57..peak adj. 高峰时期的,最高度的n. 顶峰,高峰;山峰;尖端vi. 达到高峰,达到最高值
The athletes are all in peak condition . 所有运动员都处在巅峰状态。
Traffic reaches its peak between 8 and 9 in the morning. 上午8、9点钟之间是交通高峰期。
snow-capped peaks 积雪覆盖的
短语:at one's peak,表示在某物的鼎盛时期
58.advertise vt. & vi. 做广告,登广告;公布,征聘;展现,宣传
advertise a product/a business/your services 做广告宣传产品╱企业╱你的服务项目
We are currently advertising for a new sales manager. 目前我们公开征聘一位新的销售经理。
59.boost vt. 使增长,使兴旺n. 增长,提高;帮助,激励
boost exports/profits 增加出口/提高利润 boost sb's confidence 增强某人的信心
Winning the competition was a wonderful boost for her morale(士气,斗志)赢得了那场比赛使她士气大振。
60.psychology n. 心理,心理特征;心理学
拓展: psychological adj. 心理学的,心理的 psychological advantage 理优势 psychologist n.心理学家
61.purchase vt. 买,购买n. 购买,采购;购买的东西,购买项目
They purchased the land for $1 million. 他们以100万元买下了这块土地。
Victory was purchased (= achieved) at too great a price. 这次胜利的代价太大了。(以努力换得)
make a purchase (= buy sth) 采购
62.memorable adj. 难忘的,值得纪念的
a truly memorable occasion 非常难忘的时刻(unforgettable)
拓展: memory n. 记忆 in memory of 纪念
memorial adj. 纪念的,悼念的; n. 纪念物,纪念日,纪念碑 memorize v. 记忆,记住,背熟
63.get across 被传达,被理解,把…讲清楚
He's not very good at getting his ideas across. 他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。
拓展:get at sb 不断指责,数落某人 get at sth 了解,查明某事
get away from 离开;摆脱 get away with 偷走;做(坏事)而未受到惩罚
get by 通过;勉强应付;设法过活 get down to doing 开始做
get over 克服(困难,偏见等);从(病,损失等)中恢复过来
get through 通过;完成;(使)熬过;(打电话时)打通
64.brand n. 品牌;类型;烙印 brand image 品牌形象
拓展:brand v. (尤指不公正地)丑化(某人),败坏(某人)名声;给...打烙印
They were branded as liars and cheats. 他们被说成是说谎者和骗子。brand new 全新的,崭新的
65.ambassador n. 大使,代表 goodwill ambassador 亲善大使,友好大使 ambassadress 女大使;大使夫人
66.rating n. 收视率;等级,级别 The show has gone up in the ratings. 这个节目的收视率上升了。。
拓展:rate v. 评估;评价;估价 n. 速度,速率 rate sb/sth as ... 评价某人/某物
at any rate 不管如何 at this rate 照此情形
67.sponsor vt. 赞助;主办;为慈善活动捐款;资助n. 赞助商;为慈善活动捐款的人
a sponsored swim 有赞助的慈善游泳活动
Our company is a sponsor of the Olympics.我们公司是奥运会的赞助商。
68. absorb vt. 理解,掌握;吸收;吸引全部注意力
absorb new knowledge/information 掌握新知识/信息 Plants absorb oxygen. 植物吸收氧气。
This work had absorbed him for several years. 这项工作曾使他沉迷了好几年。
短语:be absorbed in 专注于
Deeply absorbed in work, he always forgets all about eating or sleeping.当专注于工作时,他总是废寝忘食。
拓展:absorption n. 吸收;专注 absorbing adj. 十分吸引的
69.discount n. 折扣vt. 打折出售 a discount shop/store 折扣店
They were selling everything at a discount (= at reduced prices) . 他们销售的所有商品都打折。
At first, in spite of disliking him, she did not discount his affection.(不全信,不重视)
起初,虽然不喜欢他,但她并没有漠视他的爱。
70.tailor vt. 专门制作,定做n. 裁缝
The account offered by the bank will be tailored exactly to your needs.银行提供的账户会完全根据你的需求定制。
The suit was well tailored. 这套衣服剪裁得很精细。 at the tailor’s 在裁缝店
71.brighten up (使)增添乐趣;(使)明亮
He brightened up at their words of encouragement. 听到他们鼓励的话,他高兴起来。
72.housing n. 住房,住宅 拓展:house v. 给...提供住处;收藏,安置 n. 房屋,房子
The government is committed to housing the refugees. 政府承诺收容难民。
The gallery houses 2 000 works of modern art. 美术馆收藏了2 000件现代艺术作品。
73.estate n. 住宅区;大片私有土地;个人财产,(尤指)遗产 housing estate 住宅区,住宅群
74.amuse vt. (提供)消遣;逗笑
The children amused themselves by playing hide-and-seek games. 孩子们玩捉迷藏游戏来取乐。
拓展:amusement n. 娱乐消遣 amusement park 游乐园
amusing adj. 指物 amused adj. 指人或人物表情
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