2025年中考英语语法复习：就近原则vs 就远原则（三大难点、易错点+强化训练）

该初中英语中考复习学案系统构建了“就近原则与就远原则”语法体系，将两大原则的定义、连接词、谓语依据整合为对比表，通过“核心词组+例句对比+易错点突破”三级架构呈现知识逻辑，引导学生通过填写对比表、分析正误例句自主梳理规则，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于“分层自测+口诀记忆”的自主学习设计，如分层强化练习包含基础判断、进阶选择、高阶陷阱题，高频词口诀“就近三兄弟，就远三巨头”帮助快速记忆连接词，培养语言能力和思维品质素养。学生可通过错题解析自主诊断薄弱点，教师能依据练习数据实施分层教学，有效提升学生自主复习效率和教师因材施教的精准性。

中考语法复习：就近原则vs 就远原则 （三大难点、易错点+强化训练） 一、核心规则对比表 中考高频！ 原则 定义 连接词/结构 谓语动词依据 就近原则 谓语与最近的主语一致 or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, there be, here be，not...but... 靠近的主语 就远原则 谓语与第一个主语一致 with, along with, together with, as well as, including, except, besides 第一个主语 （核心主语） 二、就近原则核心词组（谓语动词与最近主语一致）必背！ 词组结构 例句（✅正确） 错误示例（✘） A or B A book or two pens are on the desk. ✘ A book or two pens is... Either A or B Either you or I am responsible. ✘ Either you or I is... Neither A nor B Neither he nor his friends know the truth. ✘ Neither he nor his friends knows... Not only A but also B Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys the film. ✘ Not only... but also the teacher enjoy... There be + A and B There is a book and two pens on the desk. ✘ There are a book and... Here be + A and B Here comes the bus and the students. ✘ Here come the bus... not A but B Not the teacher but the students are responsible. ✘ Not the teacher but the students is responsible. 三、就远原则核心词组（谓语动词与第一个主语一致）必背！ 词组结构 例句（✅正确） 错误示例（✘） 语法解析 A with B The teacher with students is in the lab. ✘ The teacher with students  are... 核心主语  The teacher（单数） A along with B Mary along with her brothers is traveling. ✘ Mary along with her brothers are... 核心主语  Mary（单数） A together with B The CEO together with managers attends the meeting. ✘ ...managers attend... 核心主语  The CEO（单数） A as well as B The book as well as the pens belongs to me. ✘ ...pens belong... 核心主语  The book（单数） A including B The report including charts  was published. ✘ ...charts were... 核心主语  The report（单数） A except B Nobody except twins was late. ✘ ...twins were... 核心主语  Nobody（单数） A besides B John besides his friends likes the film. ✘ ...friends like... 核心主语  John（单数） 四、重难点与易错点突破 · 难点1：混合主语中的单复数误判 · 易错点1：单数主语 + 复数附加成分 → 误用复数谓语 ✘ The teacher as well as students are in the lab. ✅ The teacher (单数) as well as students is in the lab. （as well as是用就远原则，核心主语 The teacher 为单数） 练习1. 1. The director, along with three actors, ________ attending the film festival. A. are B. is C. were D. have 2. A famous scientist, together with his assistants, ________ a breakthrough in the experiment. A. achieve B. achieves C. are achieving D. have achieved 3. The novel, as well as several short stories, ________ translated into 20 languages. A. has been B. have been C. was D. were 4. Not only the CEO but also the employees ________ in the conference room now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5.The design of the building, rather than the decorations, ________ praised by experts. A. is B. are C. was D. were · 难点2：there/ here be 句型的就近陷阱 · 易错点2：受中文思维影响，误用复数谓语 ✘ There are a book and two pens. ✅ There is a book (最近主语，单数) and two pens. 练习2. 1. There ________ a map and three notebooks on the desk. A. isB. areC. haveD. has 2. Here ________ some water and two cups for you. A. isB. areC. haveD. has 3.There ________ five chairs and a table in the room. A. isB. areC. wasD. were 4.Here ________ an apple, two bananas, and some milk. A. isB. areC. beD. being 5.There ________ many flowers but only one tree in the garden. A. isB. areC. hasD. have · 难点3：就近原则词在疑问句中的主谓颠倒 · 易错点3：就近原则词在疑问句中，助动词与最近主语不一致 原句错误解析： ✘ Have the students or the teacher arrived? 错误原因： 按就近原则，谓语动词需与 or 后的主语（the teacher） 一致； 主语 the teacher（单数）要求助动词用 Has，但句中用了 Have（复数）。 语法冲突： Have (复数) + the teacher (单数) ❌ 主谓不一致 →Has the students or the teacher arrived? 就近原则在疑问句中的核心规则： 句型结构 助动词选择依据 正确例句 Have/Has + A or B? 由 B（or后的词） 决定 Has the cat or the dogs eaten? Do/Does + A or B? 由 B 决定 Does the teacher or the students know? Is/Are + A or B? 由 B 决定 Is the book or the pens here? 练习3.（选择正确选项）： 1. ______ (Do/Does) the dogs or the cat need water? 2. ______ (Is/Are) the keys or the phone missing? 3. ______ (Has/Have) the teacher or the students left? 高频词口诀总结： 就近三兄弟：or, nor, not only...but also； 就远三巨头：with, as well as, along with； There/Here 是特例，最近主语定单复！ 五、分层强化练习（共10题） ▶ 基础巩固（判断原则类型） 1. Neither the director nor the actors ______ (was/were) present. 2. The CEO, together with her staff, ______ (is/are) attending. 3. There ______ (is/are) a cat and three dogs in the yard. ▶ 进阶提升（选择正确动词） 4. Either the committee or the chairman ______ (has/have) the final say. 5. Not only the books but also the vase ______ (was/were) broken. 6. The students, as well as the professor, ______ (enjoy/enjoys) the lecture. ▶ 高阶陷阱（综合应用） 7. Here ______ (is/are) a pen and some papers for you. 8. Neither the children nor their mother ______ (know/knows) the secret. 9. Either the manager or his assistants ______ (need/needs) to sign. 10. The house, including its furniture, ______ (was/were) sold. 答案与解析 练习1. 1. B. is 解析：主语是 单数 The director，附加成分 along with three actors 不影响谓语形式。 ✅ 正确结构：The director (单数) + is attending.. 2. B. achieves 解析：主语是 单数 A famous scientist，附加成分 together with his assistants 不参与主谓一致。 ✅ 正确结构：A famous scientist (单数) + achieves a breakthrough... 3. A. has been 解析：主语是 单数 The novel，附加成分 as well as several short stories 不改变谓语单复数。 ✅ 正确结构：The novel (单数) + has been translated...（强调动作已完成） 4. B. are 解析：本题为 就近原则陷阱题！连接词 not only...but also... 要求谓语由 最近的主语 决定。 ✅ 最近主语：the employees (复数) → are in the room now. 5. C. was 解析：主语是 单数 The design of the building，附加成分 rather than the decorations 不可误当主语。 ✅ 正确结构：The design (单数) + was praised...（过去时） 练习2. 1. A. is 解析：最近主语是 单数 a map → 谓语用 is。 2. A. is 解析：最近主语是 不可数名词 some water（单数概念）→ 谓语用 is。 3. B. are 解析：最近主语是 复数 five chairs → 谓语用 are。 4. A. is 解析：最近主语是 单数 an apple → 谓语用 is。 5. B. are 解析：最近主语是 复数 many flowers → 谓语用 are。 练习3. 1. Does （就近主语 the cat 单数）  2. Is （就近主语 the phone 单数）  3. Have（就近主语 the students 复数） 五、分层强化练习（共10题） 题号 答案 解析 1 were 就近原则：最近主语 actors（复数）→ were 2 is 就远原则：核心主语 The CEO（单数）→ is 3 is 就近原则：最近主语 a cat（单数）→ is 4 has 就近原则：最近主语 chairman（单数）→ has 5 was 就近原则：最近主语 vase（单数）→ was 6 enjoy 就远原则：核心主语 students（复数）→ enjoy 7 is 就近原则：最近主语 a pen（单数）→ is 8 knows 就近原则：最近主语 mother（单数）→ knows 9 need 就近原则：最近主语 assistants（复数）→ need 10 was 就远原则：核心主语 house（单数）→ was 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$