Unit 1 Food matters（知识清单）英语译林版2020选择必修第一册

Unit 1 Food matters 单词 1. ________ n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围→moody adj. 情绪多变的; 伤感的 2. ________ n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合→________ vt. & vi.(使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做，合并 3. ________ adj. 含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的→________ n. 奶油，乳脂；霜，膏 4. ________ (AmE flavor) n. 味，味道；特点，特色 vt.给……调味，加味于 5. ________ adv. 贪婪地，贪心地→________ adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；渴望的→________ n. 贪婪 6. ________ adv. 轻柔地，温和地→________ adj. 温和的；文雅的 7. ________ n.(饭后)甜点，甜食 8. ________ n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→________ v. 联想，联系；(使)关联；交往 9. ________ vi. 相异，不同；(根据情况)变化，变更 vt.变更，改变→________ adj. 各种各样的；多方面的→________ n. 多样；种类；多样化 10. ________ vt. 联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 11. ________ n. 情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪→________ adj. 感情的, 情绪的; 有感染力的→________ adv. 感情上, 情绪上; 冲动地 12. ________ n. 碟状物，茶碟，茶托→________ n. 调味汁，酱 13. ________ n. 醋 14. ________ n. 出生于某国(或某地)的人；本地人 adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的 15. ________ adj. 咸的，含盐的→________ n. 盐 16. ________ adj. 酸的，有酸味的；馊的 vi. & vt.(使)变坏；变味，酸腐 17. ________ vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→________ n. 救济；减轻，解除；安慰 18. ________ n. 纽带，联系；连接，结合 19. ________ n. 安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证→________ adj. 安全的 vt. 获得；保护；使安全 20. ________ vt. 产生，引起 21. ________ n. 卡，卡路里；千卡 22. ________ vt. & vi. 消化；领会，理解 n. 摘要，文摘 23. ________ vt. 降低，减少；把……放低，使……降下 adj. 下面的；在底部的；低洼的→________ adj. 低的; 近底部的; 低声的 24. ________ n. 循环；自行车，摩托车 vi.骑自行车 25. ________ vt. 提高，增强 26. ________ vt. & vi. 用沸水煮；(使)沸腾 27. ________ vt. & vi. 油炸，油煎 28. ________ n. 牛排；肉排，肉块 29. ________ n. 平锅，平底锅 30. ________ vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→________ n. 印象；效果→________ adj. 令人印象深刻的 31. ________ n. 自助餐 32. ________ n.(海或湖的)湾 33. ________ n. 风景，景色；舞台布景 34. ________ n. 打赌，赌注；预计，估计 vi. & vt.(bet, bet)下赌注，打赌；敢说 35. ________ n. 气氛，氛围；大气；气体；空气 36. ________ adj. 年纪较大的，上了年纪的 37. ________ vt. & vi. 烘烤；烤硬 38. ________ n. 面粉 39. ________ adj. 可爱的，讨人喜爱的→________ vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢 40. ________ adj. 不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的 41. ________ n. 面包(糕饼)店 42. ________ n. 层，表层；层次 43. ________ n. 干酪，奶酪 44. ________ adj. 味苦的；激烈的；令人难过的；严寒的 45. ________ n. 材料，成分；因素，要素 46. ________ adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的 47. ________ n. 甜椒；胡椒粉 48. ________ n. 洋葱，葱头 49. ________ adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的 50. ________ adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的→________ n. 雾 51. ________ n. 朝，代；王朝 52. ________ vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→________ n. 扩大；扩张；扩充 53. ________ adj. 数量多的，多样的 54. ________ adj. 朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n. 平原 55. ________ n. 薄片，片；部分，份额 vt. 把……切成片；切开，割破 56. ________ n. 主厨，厨师 57. ________ n. 变体，变种；说法；版本 58. ________ n.(糕点等的)馅 59. ________ adj. 合适的→________ adv. 适当地；合适地 60. ________ vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本 61. ________ vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→________ n. 消费者；顾客→________ n. 消费，消耗量；吃，喝 62. ________ adj. 必不可少的；本质的，基本的 63. ________ n. 创造，创新；新思想，新方法→________ v. 创新；改革；革新 64. ________ n. 概念，观念 65. ________ vt. 促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋 66. ________ n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望 67. ________ adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的 68. ________ n.(pl. emphases) 强调，重视；重读 69. ________ vt. & vi. 蒸；散发蒸汽 n. 水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽 70. ________ n. 克 71. ________ n. 甘蓝，卷心菜 72. ________ n.(食品等的)包装材料，包装纸 73. ________ n. 混合物；混合，结合→________ v.(使)混合，(使)结合→________ adj. 复杂的；混合的 74. ________ n. 边，边缘；刀口 75. ________ adv. 成碎片；分开；相隔 短语 1. ________________奏效，起作用，达到目的 2. ________________迫切需要 3. ________________投身于，热衷于 4. ________________好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫 5. ________________放任；释放 6. ________________使人满意，正合需要 7. ________________破碎，破裂；崩溃 8. ________________更不用说…… 9. ________________参考；涉及；指的是 10. ________________弥补 11. ________________从……到……不等 12. ________________被……盖满；充满着…… 13. ________________全年；一整年 14. ________________起飞；脱下；离开；迅速流行 熟词生义 1. Cognac is also used to macerate(浸软) and flavour ingredients and casseroles(砂锅炖菜). ________ 2. The distinctive flavour of South Florida attracts many tourists. ________ 3. This yogurt comes in ten different flavours. ________ 4. Foreign visitors help to give a truly international flavour to the occasion. ________ 5. We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless. ________ 6. I’m writing this letter in the hope of getting the chance to be a volunteer of our School English Association. ________ 7. The square had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me. ________ 8. Different from me, my twin sister prefers mild cheese. ________ 9. Good figure and mild temper make her loved by all. ________ 10. That he suffered from a mild heart attack surprised all of us. ________ 11. With its mild climate, the place usually attracts visitors from home and abroad. ________ 12. Somehow, the mood of the meeting was distinctively pessimistic. ________ 13. We’re surprised that the monthly news digest attracts the little girl so much. ________ 14. If the structure of your speech is loose and confusing, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confusing. ________ 句型 1. “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 ________________, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。 2. whenever引导状语从句 ________________, I have a secret recipe that never fails. 每当我感到孤独的时候 , 我都有一个屡试不爽的秘方。 3. make复合结构 Comfort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond with our happy memories, always ________________. 治愈系食物味道可口, 通过与我们快乐的回忆之间建立情感联系, 它总是让我们心情不错。 3. a time when. . . When we eat it again, we unlock memories of ________________________________. 当我们再次吃到它时, 我们解锁记忆, 回想起我们受到疼爱与关怀的时光, 这就会让我们的情绪变好。 4. before引导时间状语从句 ________________, I’m happy again. 不知不觉, 我又高兴起来。 5. 现在分词短语作结果状语 The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation, ________________________________. 热辣的味道让大家谈笑起来更有兴致，使这顿饭成为与朋友放松的完美方式。 6. what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句 ________________________________ they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.我最喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭能吃上好几个小时。 7. sth. + be + v.–ed + to have done ________________________________in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. 人们相信, 四川火锅起源于清末 , 当时是长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬天取暖的一种方式。 8. it is + v –ed + that… . Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and ________________ tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 如今, 人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭。据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子! 语法 不定式作主语和表语 Ⅰ不定式作主语 1. 不定式直接作主语。 2. 形式主语it放在句首，真正的主语——动词不定式放在后面。 3. “特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语。 4. 动词不定式的被动形式作主语。 Ⅱ不定式作表语 1. 不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，具有“即将进行的一次性动作或将来的状态”的特征。 作主语的词往往是表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词(短语、从句)。 2. 动词不定式的被动形式作表语。 3. “特殊疑问词＋不定式”作表语。 一、词汇清单 知识点1 mood n. 心情,情绪;精神状态;语气;气氛,氛围 【教材原句】No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 不管我的心情又多糟糕，那种完美的结合总是足以让我振作起来。(教材p2) 【拓展】 (1)be in a good mood 　　 心情好 be in a bad/foul mood 心情糟糕 put sb. in/into a good/bad mood 使某人心情好/不好 be/feel in the mood for sth./to do sth. 有做某事的心情 (2)moody adj. 闷闷不乐的;喜怒无常的 【写作佳句】Having been praised by his teacher, he was in a very good mood.由于受到老师的表扬，他心情很好。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people ________ a better mood. 2. I was just too tired and not ________ the mood. 3. ________(mood) and impatient, burdened by fears that resulted from my early years of need, I was not an easy child to love. 完成句子 4.夺冠后,所有队员都心情愉悦。 All the team members were ________________ after they won the championship.  知识点2 combination n. 结合体, 联合体; 联合, 混合 【教材原句】No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 不管我的心情有多糟，这种完美的结合总是足以让我振作起来。(教材p2) 【拓展】 (1)in combination(with)(与……)联合/结合 (2)combine vt.(使)结合，(使)联合 combine...with/and... 把……与……结合起来 be combined with与……结合 (3)combined adj. 联合的，共同的 [名师点津]表示“把……与……相联系”的短语还有connect...with...、associate...with...、link...with/to...、relate...to... 【写作佳句】In combination with years of work experience, I shared the secrets on how to improve product quality. 结合多年工作经验, 我向大家分享了提高产品质量的秘诀。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The opening ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games was a perfect ________(combine) of technology and tradition. 2. Different states or groups can combine ________(enlarge) their markets.   3. When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination ________ the medicine. 一句多译 4.这家公司正与几个合作伙伴联合研制一种新产品。 →The firm is working on a new product ________________________.(combination) →The firm is working on a new product ________________________.(combine) 知识点3 association n. 联想, 联系; 协会, 社团; 联合, 交往 【教材原句】In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind. 在这篇文章中，我们将讨论一种特殊类型的治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。(教材p2) 【拓展】 (1)in association with 与……有关联，与……联合 association with... 和……的关联/交往；……的联想 (2)associate vt. 联想，联系 n. 同事 associate... with... 把……和……联系起来 (3)associated adj. 有关联的，相关的 be associated with... 和……有联系 【写作佳句】There is no doubt that our success is associated with our determination，confidence and perseverance.毫无疑问，成功与我们的决心、信心和毅力相关。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. We are working in ________(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless. 2. If you associate ________ people who have positive emotions，you are sure to achieve success. 句式升级 3. There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking. →There are many serious health problems ________________________.(使用过去分词作定语)  →There are many serious health problems ________________________.(使用介词短语作定语)  知识点4 vary vi.(根据情况)变化, 变更; 相异, 不同vt. 变更, 改变 【教材原句】They vary from person to person, depending on our own unique experiences that have shaped our lives.它们因人而异，取决于我们自己独特的经历，这些经历塑造了我们的生活。(教材p2) 【拓展】 (1)vary from...to... 在……到……之间变动 vary with 随……而变化 vary in 在……方面变化；在……方面有差异 vary between...and... 从……到……不等 (2)variety n. 变化，多样性，种类 a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 (3)various adj. 各种各样的 a variety of, varieties of后接可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;后接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。the variety of+复数名词,意为“……的品种”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 【写作佳句】Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests. 课堂活动每天都会有所不同, 但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The researchers examined ________(vary) levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. 2. As in China, the climate in Canada varies ________ the area. 同义句转换 3. There are various animals in the zoo. →There are ________________ in the zoo.(variety)  知识点5 link n. 联系, 连接, 关系, 纽带; 链接vt. 联系, 相关联; 把……连接起来 【教材原句】If we grow up eating certain foods in our family, then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions. 如果我们在家里吃某些食物长大, 那么那些食物往往就跟积极的情感联系起来了。(教材p3) 【拓展】 (1)link. . . to/with. . . 　　把……和……连在一起/联系起来 (2)be linked to/with 与……有联系 (3)a link between A and B A和B之间的联系 【写作佳句】It has already been proved that high-sugar diets are closely linked to/with heart disease. 高糖饮食与心脏病密切相关，这一点已经得到了证实。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Researchers have found that there is ________ direct link between salty foods and high blood pressure. 2. It’s said that a subway line will link the airport ________ the city center. 3. People’s physical health is closely ________(link) to their emotions. 知识点6.cry out for 迫切需要 【教材原句】One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots，giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness. 一口治愈系食物带我们回到自己文化的根，带来我们渴望的“家的味道”，让我们一解怀乡之情。(教材p3) 【拓展】 (1)be pressed for 　　 迫切需要 (2)crying needs 迫切的需要 (3)in need of 需要 (4)cry out 大声呼喊;大声抱怨 (5)cry off 打退堂鼓 (6)cry over spilt milk 覆水难收 【写作佳句】 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The company is crying out ________ fresh new talent. ②I felt too terrified to even cry ________ for help. ③Neither parents nor politicians are ________(cry) out for radical reform of the system. 知识点7 relieve vt. 解除,减轻;缓和,缓解 【教材原句】One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots，giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness. 一口治愈系食物带我们回到自己文化的根，带来我们渴望的“家的味道”，让我们一解怀乡之情。(教材p3) 【拓展】 (1)relieve one’s anxiety　　 减轻某人的焦虑 relieve sb. of sth. 帮助……减轻负担 (2)relief n. 宽慰 to one’s relief 使某人欣慰的是 in relief 如释重负;松了口气 What a relief! 可松口气了! (3)relieved adj. 宽心的;宽慰的 【写作佳句】We played cards to relieve the boredom of the long wait. 长时间等待实在无聊，我们就打扑克来解闷儿。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is ________(relieve) worldwide starvation.  ②She was ________(relieve) after she heard that her daughter was safe. ③To our great ________(relieve), Dad turned down the idea. 完成句子 ④________________, a good sleep can ________________ and also ________________ of working.  使我欣慰的是,良好的睡眠可以减轻我的焦虑,也减轻了我工作的负担。 同义句转换 知识点8 throw oneself into 投身于,热衷于 【教材原句】I’ve thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan. 我全身心投入到家庭烹饪中，从锅里煮面到锅里煎牛排。(教材p6) 【拓展】 (1)throw away　　　　　　 扔掉;浪费 (2)throw off 匆匆脱掉 (3)throw up 呕吐 (4)throw cold water on 给……泼冷水 (5)throw shadow over 给……投下阴影 【写作佳句】Despite the difficulties, he threw himself into the research.尽管困难重重，他还是全身心投入到了调查研究中。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The young lady threw herself ________ voluntary work. ②Take what you really need and throw the rest ________. ③The firefighter threw ________ his coat as soon as he arrived. 完成句子 ④他一直想把吃的东西吐出来。 He feels like________________ what he has eaten all the time.  知识点9 impress vt. & vi. 使钦佩,给……留下深刻印象;使意识到 【教材原句】As long as you are not afraid of heights,you will be impressed by Sky Buffet,the latest restaurant in the city centre.只要你不恐高，市中心最新的天空自助餐厅就会给你留下深刻的印象。(教材p7) 【拓展】 (1)impress sb. with... 给某人留下深刻印象 be impressed with/ by 对……印象深刻 (2)impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记;给某人留下深刻印象 (3)What impresses/impressed me most is/was... 给我印象最深的是 (4)leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 (5)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的 【写作佳句】What impresses us most are your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent.给我们印象最深的是你的艺术技巧，显示出了不同凡响的才能。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①What ________(impress) him most in the village was the beautiful scenery. ②What an ________(impress) performance they gave us! ③What the young man said at the meeting left a deep ________(impress) on me. 完成句子 ④________________________, the manager decided to promote Jack.  对他的工作效率印象深刻,经理决定提拔杰克。 知识点10 expand vt. & vi. 增加,扩大;扩展,发展(业务);详谈,详述 【教材原句】Over time, it has expanded to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes.随着时间的推移，它已经扩展到包括汤、蔬菜、肉类和酱汁的多种选择，吸引了不同口味的人。(教材p11) 【拓展】 (1)expand on/upon sth.　　 详述某事 expand into 扩大 (2)expansion n. 扩大 expansion of ……的扩大/增加 【写作佳句】I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer of your team，which I think can expand my horizons. 我写信是为了申请成为你们队的志愿者，我认为这可以开阔我的视野。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①We have plans to expand ________ the U. S. market. ②The rapid ________(expand) of cities can cause social and economic problems. ③She mentioned a few ideas, but she didn’t expand ________ them. 完成句子 该酒店想要通过增加一个游泳池来扩大其业务。 The hotel wants to ________________ by adding a swimming pool.  知识点11 appropriate adj. 合适的，恰当的 [教材原句]Traditionally, duck is considered to have cooling properties, so it is appropriate for the hot summer months. 传统上，人们认为鸭子具有凉爽的特性，所以在炎热的夏天吃鸭子很合适。(教材p11) 【拓展】 (1)be appropriate to/for　适用于; 合乎 be appropriate to do sth. 做某事是合适的 be appropriate that sb.(should) do某人做……是合适的 (2)appropriately adv. 适当地; 合适地 (3)inappropriate adj. 不适当的; 不相称的 特别提醒在It is appropriate that句型中, 从句常用“(should+)动词原形”的虚拟语气结构。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Jeans are not appropriate ________ a formal party. 2. It’s appropriate ________(take) action immediately to deal with the problem.   3. The government has been accused of not responding ________(appropriate) to the needs of the homeless. 一句多译 4. 朴素简单的服装适合在学校里穿。 →Plain and simple clothes school wear. →________________________________ Plain and simple clothes at school. 知识点12 plain adj. 朴素的,简单的;清楚的 n.平原 【教材原句】Served plain in thin, white slices, the meat is juicy and salty. Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days to prepare, and the process includes salting, drying, boiling and cooling. 鸭肉端上来是简单的、白白的薄片，多汁带咸。每只盐水鸭都要经过腌、晾、煮、凉等工序，耗费数天制成。(教材p11) 【拓展】 (1)It is plain(that)　　　　 显然…… (2)in plain sight 显而易见 (3)to be plain with you 坦白地说 【写作佳句】The wild plain, with thousands of animals on the move, was an awesome spectacle. 广阔的平原上有成千上万的动物在活动，这样的景象构成了令人赞叹的奇观。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①Every footstep could be ________(plain) heard. ②The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white ________(plain) without difficulty. 完成句子 ③The document, written ________________, tells you about the new policy.  该文件以简单的英语写成,告诉您有关新政策的信息。<学以致用:应用文写作之推荐信> 知识点13 estimate vt. 估计,估价 n. 估计;估计的成本 【教材原句】Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 如今, 人们一年到头都吃盐水鸭。据估计, 在南京每天要吃掉数万只鸭子! (教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)estimate for...　　　　　 对……估价 give/make an estimate 做估计 exceed an estimate 超出预算 a rough estimate 粗略估算/估计 (2)estimate sth. at 估计某物有 be estimated to... 据估计 (3)it is estimated that 据估计 (4)estimation of ……的估计量 【写作佳句】It is estimated that more than 20 million shared bikes will have been put into operation nationwide by 2025. 据估计，到2025年为止，全国将有2 000多万辆共享单车投入运营。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Estimates ________ the public services will be laid before you. 2. It is ________(estimate) that a third of its vocabulary is borrowed. 3. ________(estimate) of our total world sales are around 50 million. 完成句子 4. 我们市人口约250万。 The population of our city is ________________ 2.5 million.  知识点14 consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间) [教材原句]Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计，南京每天要吃掉数万只鸭！(教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)be consumed with sth.充满…… consume away 憔悴; 消耗掉 (2)consumer n. 消费者 consumption n. 消费 【写作佳句】The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy. 大脑越大，身体就越难活动和消耗更多的能量。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Health­conscious ________(consume) want more information about the food they buy. 2. The electricity industry ________ large amounts of fossil fuels. 3. Gas and oil ________(consume) always increases in cold weather. 完成句子 4. 那个男孩充满好奇心。 ________________________________. 知识点15 essential adj. 必不可少的;本质的,基本的 【教材原句】In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea? ” has become the local version of “Good morning.” 在广州, 早茶是人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分, 以至于“喝茶了吗? ”已成为当地版的“早上好”。(教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)be essential to/for 　　 对……来说是极其重要的/必不可少的 (2)it is essential to do sth./that...(+should)+do……是极其重要的 (3)essentially adv.本质上;根本上;基本上 (4)essence n.本质;实质;精髓 in essence 从本质上讲 【写作佳句】It was absolutely essential to separate crops from the areas that animals used as pasture. 把庄稼与牲畜的牧场区分开至关重要。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as ________(essence)in meeting global challenges. 2. ________ essence, a firm belief is the key to success of revolution. 3. It is essential that every student ________ (guarantee) adequate amount of sleep despite their academic burdens.  完成句子 4. 有三个解决这个难题的根本不同的方法。 There are ________________________ of solving this difficult problem.  知识点16 concept n. 概念，观念 [教材原句]The concept took off, and today Guangzhou’s restaurants stimulate customers’ appetite with over a thousand offerings, each more delicate and delicious than the last. 这个观念流行起来，如今广州的各家餐厅用一千多种点心使食客们胃口大开，一道更比一道精致、美味。(教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)the concept of ……的概念 (2)conceptive adj.概念上的；有想象力的 conception n. 概念；设想 【写作佳句】The question is intended to prod students into examining the concept of freedom. 这个问题旨在督促学生探究自由这个概念。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. She added that the concept ________ arranged marriages is misunderstood in the west. 2. How to define interactive element is the basic ________(concept) problem. 完成句子 3.尽管这项计划构想绝妙，但因资金不足而失败了。 The plan was brilliant ________________ but failed because of lack of money. 知识点17 appetite n. 食欲,胃口,强烈欲望 【教材原句】The concept took off, and today Guangzhou’s restaurants stimulate customers’ appetite with over a thousand offerings, each more delicate and delicious than the last. 这个观念流行起来，如今广州的各家餐厅用一千多种点心使食客们胃口大开，一道更比一道精致、美味。(教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)fuel/increase one’s appetite 　 刺激某人的食欲 (2)lose appetite 失去胃口 (3)loss of appetite 食欲不振 (4)appetite for sth. 对……的欲望 (5)have a good appetite 胃口好 (6)have an appetite for 渴望…… 【写作佳句】The little girl has an amazing appetite for knowledge, and she works hard on her study.  这个小女孩求知欲强,学习刻苦。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①Research suggests warm colors fuel our ________(appetite). ②His appetite ________ food had increased. ③Symptoms include fever and loss ________ appetite. 完成句子 我立刻坐了回去。这气味破坏了我的食欲，我把盘子推开。 I immediately sat back. The smell ________________, and I pushed the dish away. 知识点18 emphasis n.(pl. emphases) 强调，重视；重读 [教材原句]The emphasis is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure, and locals can spend hours together chatting, drinking tea and working their way through the menu. 重点而是在谈生意、话家常或消遣，当地人可以花好几个小时聚在一起聊天、喝茶，慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的点心。(教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)lay/put/place emphasis on 强调；着重于 (2)emphasise(＝emphasize)vt. 强调；重视 emphasise the importance of... 强调……的重要性 【写作佳句】As the saying goes, writing style shows the man. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future. 俗话说，文风如其人。漂亮整洁的书法是有益的，特别是对中学生。因此，在我看来今后应更加重视这方面。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Schools are beginning to place emphasis ________ using computers to teach students. 2. That means you need to ________(emphasis) its positive aspects. 完成句子 3.再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性都不为过。 We can’t ________________________ protecting our eyes too much. 知识点19 mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合 【教材原句】Fill the dumpling wrappers with the mixture. 把这些混合物包在饺子皮里。(教材p13) 【拓展】 (1)a mixture of……的混合物 (2)mix vt. & vi. 混合；调配 n. 混合；混合料 mix with 与……混合/融合 mix A with/and B 把A 和B 混合/融合 mix up 弄混，混淆；混合；使糊涂 mix sth. for sb./mix sb. sth. 为某人调制某物 (3)mixed adj. 混合的；复杂的 【写作佳句】With mixed feelings on mind，she doesn’t know what to do to relieve his father’s pain. 她百感交集，不知道做些什么去减轻他父亲的痛苦。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Mixing the cream ________ the sauce releases wonderful flavor which stimulates our appetite. 2. With ________(mix) feelings in his heart, he doesn’t know how to express his thoughts in an appropriate way. 完成句子 3.看到床边的桌子上放了一盘法式吐司，母亲感到既高兴又自豪。(读后续写之情感描写) At the sight of a plate of French toast placed on the table beside the bed, ________________________________. 知识点20 fall apart 破裂，破碎；崩溃 【教材原句】Don’t overfill the dumplings, or they will fall apart when you boil them. 饺子不要包得太满, 否则煮的时候就破了。(教材p13) 【拓展】 take apart　　拆开; 剖析 tear apart 扯开, 拆散 tell apart 区分; 分辨 come apart 破碎, 崩溃, 瓦解 set apart 使分离 apart from 除了……之外 【写作佳句】The boy was curious about the clock. Out of curiosity, he took it apart.  这个男孩对钟很好奇。出于好奇, 他把它拆开了。 【经典练】 用part的短语填空 1. When hearing that his son was killed in the traffic accident, the old father ________. 2. He has a preference for Sichuan Pepper, which ________ him ________ from the others in our dormitory. 3. Rod loves ________ some devices ________. However, he never manages to put them together again. 4. You can ________ my twin brother and me ________ by this mark on my face. 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 1. Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. 2. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. 3. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. 4. My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. 5. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable to see the scenery outside while having your meal. 6. Since it takes about an hour to turn the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. 7. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is to sit by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. 8. It will be a good idea to invite your family and friends over for dinner. 【精讲·语法知识】 一、不定式作主语 1. 不定式直接作主语。 To finish the work before Friday is not so easy.在周五之前完成这项工作没有那么容易。 【易混辨析】动名词也可以作主语，但表示动作经常反复发生，而不是只针对某一次。 2. 形式主语it放在句首，真正的主语——动词不定式放在后面。 It would be better for you to cycle around the lake.你最好绕着湖骑自行车。 【温馨提示】it作形式主语时，有三种情况： ①常用形容词作它的表语。真正的主语(动词不定式)通常有逻辑主语，一般用for短语来引出，即for sb to do sth。但当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，要用of。此时的表语形容词往往有：clever，foolish，kind，nice，polite，silly，stupid，wise等。 It was careless of him to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake.＝He was careless to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake.他真粗心，误把那瓶醋喝了。 ②有时也接名词作表语。 ③还常用于“It takes(took/will take) sb some time/money to do sth”句型中。 3. “特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语。 常见的特殊疑问词有：what，who，which，when，where，why，how等。采用“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语，句子的谓语同样采用第三人称单数形式。 4. 动词不定式的被动形式作主语 To be admitted by a key university is easy for him.对他来说，被一所重点大学录取是容易的。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. It is your responsibility ________(keep)the room clean and tidy. 2. It’s typical of our English teacher ________(be) very patient with us. Never have I seen her get angry because we can't understand what she says. 3. It is our duty ________(conduct) rescue activities if necessary. 4. It is convenient for us ________(collect)information related to the new programme online. 5. It takes plenty of time and patience ________(photograph) wildlife. 二、完成句子 6. Reducing the income gap in order to build a harmonious society is a requirement.(用it作形式主语改写) ________________________________________________________________ 7. Learning English well is easy for you if you study hard. →________________________________ if you study hard.(It + be +形容词+ for sb. + 动词不定式) 8. will take/nutrition specialist/a balanced diet menu/make/an hour/for you(改写it作形式主语结构) ________________________________________________________________ 9. You are careless to make so many mistakes in the exam.(同义句转换) →________________________________ so many mistakes in the exam. 10. During our four days in Paris, we spent one whole day visiting the Louvre Museum.(同义句转换) →During our four days in Paris, ________ us one whole day ________ the Louvre Museum. 二、不定式作表语 1. 不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，具有“即将进行的一次性动作或将来的状态”的特征。 作主语的词往往是表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词(短语、从句)。 To live is to do something worthwhile.活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。 His wish is to become an astronaut.他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。 2. 动词不定式的被动形式作表语。 What he hoped was to be admitted into the university.他希望能被那所大学录取。 【易混辨析】①有些作表语的动词不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。 ②如果主语中含有实义动词do的形式，表语中的to可以省略。 3. “特殊疑问词＋不定式”作表语。 常见的特殊疑问词有：what，who，which，when，where，why，how等。“特殊疑问词＋不定式”通常与be动词构成系表结构，作be动词的表语。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. As a college graduate, his life goal is ________(devote) himself to the field where he is most needed. 2. In the rescue mission, our first and most important goal is ________(save) people. 3. Group leader’s duty is ________(ensure) that all pupils in his group understand and practice what the teacher has taught. 4. I want to experience some Chinese culture, but my main goal is ________(find) out which university is the best for me to attend. 5. My long-term plan is ________(take) a degree course here. But it all depends on my expenses, so I intend ________(find) some work first. 二、完成句子 6. What shall I do if she asks me for some advice?(句型转换) → What am I ________ if she asks me for some advice? 7. First, make preparations for hours in advance.(用不定式作表语改写句子) ________________________________________________________________ 8. They will hold a party when they arrive at the island.(同义句转换) →They ________________________________ when they arrive at the island. 9. What shall I do if she asks me for some advice?(同义句转换) →What ________________ if she asks me for some advice? 10. The three spies have been assigned the mission to steal the enemy’s information.(同义句转换) The mission of the three spies is ________ ________ the enemy’s information. 三、写作清单 写一篇最喜欢的食物的文章 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是描写你最喜欢的食物，这是一种描述性的作文。写描述性的作文应该注意以下方面： 1. 开头要对所要描述的东西有一个简单的介绍。 2. 文章的主体部分可以按照一定的顺序进行描述，如时间顺序或事件的主次等。 3. 结尾可以进行适当的评论或谈一谈自己的感受。 【积累·写作素材】 1. ...is a traditional Chinese food loved by almost all Chinese people. 2. I first tried it/them when... 3. It looks like... 4. In my eyes，it tastes better than any other food in the world. 5. It is/They are so delicious that... 6. It is(not) easy to make... 【示例·分步写作】 假如你是李华，你的外国朋友Jack想了解中国的传统美食，请你介绍一下你最喜欢的中国传统美食——水饺。内容包括以下几个方面： 1. 中国传统美食之一，几乎人人喜爱； 2. 形状像古代的金锭，是财富的象征； 3. 制作水饺需要全家参与，代表着团圆。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇： 金锭gold ingot ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 说明文--介绍自己最喜欢的食物 人称 以第一人称和第三人称为主 时态 一般现在时为主 框架 第一段：开门见山说明自己最喜欢的食物的名称并做简要的描述。 第二段：简要介绍与自己最喜欢的食物接触的经历，并对这种食物的外观、味道以及制作过程进行描述。 第三段：适当的评论或谈一谈自己的感受。 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 1. 一种传统美食________________ 2. 和……相似 ________________ 3. 象征________________ 4. 包水饺________________ 5. 合作________________ 6. 分享某人的人生故事________________ 7. 喜欢________________ 8. 加入________________ 句子翻译 1. 我最喜欢的食物是水饺。中国人都非常喜爱这一传统食物。 ________________________________________________________________ 2. 虽然当时我还只是一个孩子，但我几乎吃了一大碗水饺，因为它们太好吃了。 ________________________________, I ate almost a big bowl of dumplings ________________________. 3. 包饺子真的是团队合作，因此所有的家庭成员经常共同参与，在此期间他们分享彼此的生活故事。 ________________________________, so all the family members often work together. During it, ________________________________. 第三步：词句升级 1. 用过去分词作定语改写句1。 ________________________________________________________________ 2. 用as构成的倒装句改写句2。 ________________________________________________________________ 3. 用非限制性定语从句改写句3。 ________________________________________________________________ 第四步：连句成篇 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 20 / 20 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Food matters 单词 1. mood n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围→moody adj. 情绪多变的; 伤感的 2. combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合→combine vt. & vi.(使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做，合并 3. creamy adj. 含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的→cream n. 奶油，乳脂；霜，膏 4. flavour(AmE flavor) n. 味，味道；特点，特色 vt.给……调味，加味于 5. greedily adv. 贪婪地，贪心地→greedy adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；渴望的→greed n. 贪婪 6. gently adv. 轻柔地，温和地→gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 7. dessert n.(饭后)甜点，甜食 8. association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→associate v. 联想，联系；(使)关联；交往 9. vary vi. 相异，不同；(根据情况)变化，变更 vt.变更，改变→various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的→variety n. 多样；种类；多样化 10. link vt. 联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 11. emotion n. 情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪→emotional adj. 感情的, 情绪的; 有感染力的→emotionally adv. 感情上, 情绪上; 冲动地 12. saucer n. 碟状物，茶碟，茶托→sauce n. 调味汁，酱 13. vinegar n. 醋 14. native n. 出生于某国(或某地)的人；本地人 adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的 15. salty adj. 咸的，含盐的→salt n. 盐 16. sour adj. 酸的，有酸味的；馊的 vi. & vt.(使)变坏；变味，酸腐 17. relieve vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→relief n. 救济；减轻，解除；安慰 18. bond n. 纽带，联系；连接，结合 19. security n. 安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证→secure adj. 安全的 vt. 获得；保护；使安全 20. generate vt. 产生，引起 21. calorie n. 卡，卡路里；千卡 22. digest vt. & vi. 消化；领会，理解 n. 摘要，文摘 23. lower vt. 降低，减少；把……放低，使……降下 adj. 下面的；在底部的；低洼的→low adj. 低的; 近底部的; 低声的 24. cycle n. 循环；自行车，摩托车 vi.骑自行车 25. enhance vt. 提高，增强 26. boil vt. & vi. 用沸水煮；(使)沸腾 27. fry vt. & vi. 油炸，油煎 28. steak n. 牛排；肉排，肉块 29. pan n. 平锅，平底锅 30. impress vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impression n. 印象；效果→impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 31. buffet n. 自助餐 32. bay n.(海或湖的)湾 33. scenery n. 风景，景色；舞台布景 34. bet n. 打赌，赌注；预计，估计 vi. & vt.(bet, bet)下赌注，打赌；敢说 35. atmosphere n. 气氛，氛围；大气；气体；空气 36. elderly adj. 年纪较大的，上了年纪的 37. bake vt. & vi. 烘烤；烤硬 38. flour n. 面粉 39. adorable adj. 可爱的，讨人喜爱的→adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢 40. mild adj. 不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的 41. bakery n. 面包(糕饼)店 42. layer n. 层，表层；层次 43. cheese n. 干酪，奶酪 44. bitter adj. 味苦的；激烈的；令人难过的；严寒的 45. ingredient n. 材料，成分；因素，要素 46. loose adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的 47. pepper n. 甜椒；胡椒粉 48. onion n. 洋葱，葱头 49. damp adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的 50. foggy adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的→fog n. 雾 51. dynasty n. 朝，代；王朝 52. expand vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩充 53. multiple adj. 数量多的，多样的 54. plain adj. 朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n. 平原 55. slice n. 薄片，片；部分，份额 vt. 把……切成片；切开，割破 56. chef n. 主厨，厨师 57. version n. 变体，变种；说法；版本 58. filling n.(糕点等的)馅 59. appropriate adj. 合适的→appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地 60. estimate vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本 61. consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→consumer n. 消费者；顾客→consumption n. 消费，消耗量；吃，喝 62. essential adj. 必不可少的；本质的，基本的 63. innovation n. 创造，创新；新思想，新方法→innovate v. 创新；改革；革新 64. concept n. 概念，观念 65. stimulate vt. 促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋 66. appetite n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望 67. delicate adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的 68. emphasis n.(pl. emphases) 强调，重视；重读 69. steam vt. & vi. 蒸；散发蒸汽 n. 水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽 70. gram n. 克 71. cabbage n. 甘蓝，卷心菜 72. wrapper n.(食品等的)包装材料，包装纸 73. mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合→mix v.(使)混合，(使)结合→mixed adj. 复杂的；混合的 74. edge n. 边，边缘；刀口 75. apart adv. 成碎片；分开；相隔 短语 1. do the trick奏效，起作用，达到目的 2. cry out for迫切需要 3. throw oneself into投身于，热衷于 4. out of this world好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫 5. let sth loose放任；释放 6. hit the spot使人满意，正合需要 7. fall apart破碎，破裂；崩溃 8. not to mention 更不用说…… 9. refer to 参考；涉及；指的是 10. make up for弥补 11. vary from...to...从……到……不等 12. be covered with被……盖满；充满着…… 13. all year round 全年；一整年 14. take off 起飞；脱下；离开；迅速流行 熟词生义 1. Cognac is also used to macerate(浸软) and flavour ingredients and casseroles(砂锅炖菜). 给……调味；加味于 2. The distinctive flavour of South Florida attracts many tourists. 特色，特点 3. This yogurt comes in ten different flavours. 味道 4. Foreign visitors help to give a truly international flavour to the occasion. 气氛 5. We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless. 关联，联合 6. I’m writing this letter in the hope of getting the chance to be a volunteer of our School English Association. 协会，联盟；社团 7. The square had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me. 联系；联想 8. Different from me, my twin sister prefers mild cheese. 味淡的；不浓的 9. Good figure and mild temper make her loved by all. 温和的；温柔的 10. That he suffered from a mild heart attack surprised all of us. 轻微的；不严重的 11. With its mild climate, the place usually attracts visitors from home and abroad. 温暖的，暖和的 12. Somehow, the mood of the meeting was distinctively pessimistic.气氛，氛围 13. We’re surprised that the monthly news digest attracts the little girl so much.摘要 14. If the structure of your speech is loose and confusing, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confusing.不严谨的 句型 1. “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。 2. whenever引导状语从句 Whenever I feel lonely, I have a secret recipe that never fails. 每当我感到孤独的时候 , 我都有一个屡试不爽的秘方。 3. make复合结构 Comfort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond with our happy memories, always makes us feel good. 治愈系食物味道可口, 通过与我们快乐的回忆之间建立情感联系, 它总是让我们心情不错。 3. a time when. . . When we eat it again, we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked after, and this cheers us up. 当我们再次吃到它时, 我们解锁记忆, 回想起我们受到疼爱与关怀的时光, 这就会让我们的情绪变好。 4. before引导时间状语从句 Before I know it, I’m happy again. 不知不觉, 我又高兴起来。 5. 现在分词短语作结果状语 The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation, making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends. 热辣的味道让大家谈笑起来更有兴致，使这顿饭成为与朋友放松的完美方式。 6. what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句 What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.我最喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭能吃上好几个小时。 7. sth. + be + v.–ed + to have done They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. 人们相信, 四川火锅起源于清末 , 当时是长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬天取暖的一种方式。 8. it is + v –ed + that… . Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 如今, 人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭。据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子! 语法 不定式作主语和表语 Ⅰ不定式作主语 1. 不定式直接作主语。 2. 形式主语it放在句首，真正的主语——动词不定式放在后面。 3. “特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语。 4. 动词不定式的被动形式作主语。 Ⅱ不定式作表语 1. 不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，具有“即将进行的一次性动作或将来的状态”的特征。 作主语的词往往是表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词(短语、从句)。 2. 动词不定式的被动形式作表语。 3. “特殊疑问词＋不定式”作表语。 一、词汇清单 知识点1 mood n. 心情,情绪;精神状态;语气;气氛,氛围 【教材原句】No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 不管我的心情又多糟糕，那种完美的结合总是足以让我振作起来。(教材p2) 【拓展】 (1)be in a good mood 　　 心情好 be in a bad/foul mood 心情糟糕 put sb. in/into a good/bad mood 使某人心情好/不好 be/feel in the mood for sth./to do sth. 有做某事的心情 (2)moody adj. 闷闷不乐的;喜怒无常的 【写作佳句】Having been praised by his teacher, he was in a very good mood.由于受到老师的表扬，他心情很好。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood. 2. I was just too tired and not in the mood. 3. Moody(mood) and impatient, burdened by fears that resulted from my early years of need, I was not an easy child to love. 完成句子 4.夺冠后,所有队员都心情愉悦。 All the team members were in a cheerful mood after they won the championship.  知识点2 combination n. 结合体, 联合体; 联合, 混合 【教材原句】No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 不管我的心情有多糟，这种完美的结合总是足以让我振作起来。(教材p2) 【拓展】 (1)in combination(with)(与……)联合/结合 (2)combine vt.(使)结合，(使)联合 combine...with/and... 把……与……结合起来 be combined with与……结合 (3)combined adj. 联合的，共同的 [名师点津]表示“把……与……相联系”的短语还有connect...with...、associate...with...、link...with/to...、relate...to... 【写作佳句】In combination with years of work experience, I shared the secrets on how to improve product quality. 结合多年工作经验, 我向大家分享了提高产品质量的秘诀。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The opening ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games was a perfect combination(combine) of technology and tradition. 2. Different states or groups can combine to enlarge(enlarge) their markets.   3. When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine. 一句多译 4.这家公司正与几个合作伙伴联合研制一种新产品。 →The firm is working on a new product in combination with several partners.(combination) →The firm is working on a new product combined with several partners.(combine) 知识点3 association n. 联想, 联系; 协会, 社团; 联合, 交往 【教材原句】In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind. 在这篇文章中，我们将讨论一种特殊类型的治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。(教材p2) 【拓展】 (1)in association with 与……有关联，与……联合 association with... 和……的关联/交往；……的联想 (2)associate vt. 联想，联系 n. 同事 associate... with... 把……和……联系起来 (3)associated adj. 有关联的，相关的 be associated with... 和……有联系 【写作佳句】There is no doubt that our success is associated with our determination，confidence and perseverance.毫无疑问，成功与我们的决心、信心和毅力相关。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. We are working in association(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless. 2. If you associate with people who have positive emotions，you are sure to achieve success. 句式升级 3. There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking. →There are many serious health problems associated with smoking.(使用过去分词作定语)  →There are many serious health problems in association with smoking.(使用介词短语作定语)  知识点4 vary vi.(根据情况)变化, 变更; 相异, 不同vt. 变更, 改变 【教材原句】They vary from person to person, depending on our own unique experiences that have shaped our lives.它们因人而异，取决于我们自己独特的经历，这些经历塑造了我们的生活。(教材p2) 【拓展】 (1)vary from...to... 在……到……之间变动 vary with 随……而变化 vary in 在……方面变化；在……方面有差异 vary between...and... 从……到……不等 (2)variety n. 变化，多样性，种类 a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 (3)various adj. 各种各样的 a variety of, varieties of后接可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;后接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。the variety of+复数名词,意为“……的品种”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 【写作佳句】Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests. 课堂活动每天都会有所不同, 但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The researchers examined various(vary) levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. 2. As in China, the climate in Canada varies with/by the area. 同义句转换 3. There are various animals in the zoo. →There are varieties of animals in the zoo.(variety)  知识点5 link n. 联系, 连接, 关系, 纽带; 链接vt. 联系, 相关联; 把……连接起来 【教材原句】If we grow up eating certain foods in our family, then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions. 如果我们在家里吃某些食物长大, 那么那些食物往往就跟积极的情感联系起来了。(教材p3) 【拓展】 (1)link. . . to/with. . . 　　把……和……连在一起/联系起来 (2)be linked to/with 与……有联系 (3)a link between A and B A和B之间的联系 【写作佳句】It has already been proved that high-sugar diets are closely linked to/with heart disease. 高糖饮食与心脏病密切相关，这一点已经得到了证实。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between salty foods and high blood pressure. 2. It’s said that a subway line will link the airport to/with the city center. 3. People’s physical health is closely linked(link) to their emotions. 知识点6.cry out for 迫切需要 【教材原句】One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots，giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness. 一口治愈系食物带我们回到自己文化的根，带来我们渴望的“家的味道”，让我们一解怀乡之情。(教材p3) 【拓展】 (1)be pressed for 　　 迫切需要 (2)crying needs 迫切的需要 (3)in need of 需要 (4)cry out 大声呼喊;大声抱怨 (5)cry off 打退堂鼓 (6)cry over spilt milk 覆水难收 【写作佳句】 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The company is crying out for fresh new talent. ②I felt too terrified to even cry out for help. ③Neither parents nor politicians are crying(cry) out for radical reform of the system. 知识点7 relieve vt. 解除,减轻;缓和,缓解 【教材原句】One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots，giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness. 一口治愈系食物带我们回到自己文化的根，带来我们渴望的“家的味道”，让我们一解怀乡之情。(教材p3) 【拓展】 (1)relieve one’s anxiety　　 减轻某人的焦虑 relieve sb. of sth. 帮助……减轻负担 (2)relief n. 宽慰 to one’s relief 使某人欣慰的是 in relief 如释重负;松了口气 What a relief! 可松口气了! (3)relieved adj. 宽心的;宽慰的 【写作佳句】We played cards to relieve the boredom of the long wait. 长时间等待实在无聊，我们就打扑克来解闷儿。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve(relieve) worldwide starvation.  ②She was relieved(relieve) after she heard that her daughter was safe. ③To our great relief(relieve), Dad turned down the idea. 完成句子 ④To my relief, a good sleep can relieve my anxiety and also relieve myself of working.  使我欣慰的是,良好的睡眠可以减轻我的焦虑,也减轻了我工作的负担。 同义句转换 知识点8 throw oneself into 投身于,热衷于 【教材原句】I’ve thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan. 我全身心投入到家庭烹饪中，从锅里煮面到锅里煎牛排。(教材p6) 【拓展】 (1)throw away　　　　　　 扔掉;浪费 (2)throw off 匆匆脱掉 (3)throw up 呕吐 (4)throw cold water on 给……泼冷水 (5)throw shadow over 给……投下阴影 【写作佳句】Despite the difficulties, he threw himself into the research.尽管困难重重，他还是全身心投入到了调查研究中。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The young lady threw herself into voluntary work. ②Take what you really need and throw the rest away. ③The firefighter threw off his coat as soon as he arrived. 完成句子 ④他一直想把吃的东西吐出来。 He feels like throwing up what he has eaten all the time.  知识点9 impress vt. & vi. 使钦佩,给……留下深刻印象;使意识到 【教材原句】As long as you are not afraid of heights,you will be impressed by Sky Buffet,the latest restaurant in the city centre.只要你不恐高，市中心最新的天空自助餐厅就会给你留下深刻的印象。(教材p7) 【拓展】 (1)impress sb. with... 给某人留下深刻印象 be impressed with/ by 对……印象深刻 (2)impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记;给某人留下深刻印象 (3)What impresses/impressed me most is/was... 给我印象最深的是 (4)leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 (5)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的 【写作佳句】What impresses us most are your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent.给我们印象最深的是你的艺术技巧，显示出了不同凡响的才能。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①What impressed(impress) him most in the village was the beautiful scenery. ②What an impressive(impress) performance they gave us! ③What the young man said at the meeting left a deep impression(impress) on me. 完成句子 ④Impressed by his working efficiency, the manager decided to promote Jack.  对他的工作效率印象深刻,经理决定提拔杰克。 知识点10 expand vt. & vi. 增加,扩大;扩展,发展(业务);详谈,详述 【教材原句】Over time, it has expanded to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes.随着时间的推移，它已经扩展到包括汤、蔬菜、肉类和酱汁的多种选择，吸引了不同口味的人。(教材p11) 【拓展】 (1)expand on/upon sth.　　 详述某事 expand into 扩大 (2)expansion n. 扩大 expansion of ……的扩大/增加 【写作佳句】I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer of your team，which I think can expand my horizons. 我写信是为了申请成为你们队的志愿者，我认为这可以开阔我的视野。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①We have plans to expand into the U. S. market. ②The rapid expansion(expand) of cities can cause social and economic problems. ③She mentioned a few ideas, but she didn’t expand on/upon them. 完成句子 该酒店想要通过增加一个游泳池来扩大其业务。 The hotel wants to expand its business by adding a swimming pool.  知识点11 appropriate adj. 合适的，恰当的 [教材原句]Traditionally, duck is considered to have cooling properties, so it is appropriate for the hot summer months. 传统上，人们认为鸭子具有凉爽的特性，所以在炎热的夏天吃鸭子很合适。(教材p11) 【拓展】 (1)be appropriate to/for　适用于; 合乎 be appropriate to do sth. 做某事是合适的 be appropriate that sb.(should) do某人做……是合适的 (2)appropriately adv. 适当地; 合适地 (3)inappropriate adj. 不适当的; 不相称的 特别提醒在It is appropriate that句型中, 从句常用“(should+)动词原形”的虚拟语气结构。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party. 2. It’s appropriate to take(take) action immediately to deal with the problem.   3. The government has been accused of not responding appropriately(appropriate) to the needs of the homeless. 一句多译 4. 朴素简单的服装适合在学校里穿。 →Plain and simple clothes are appropriate for school wear. →It was appropriate that students(should) wear Plain and simple clothes at school. 知识点12 plain adj. 朴素的,简单的;清楚的 n.平原 【教材原句】Served plain in thin, white slices, the meat is juicy and salty. Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days to prepare, and the process includes salting, drying, boiling and cooling. 鸭肉端上来是简单的、白白的薄片，多汁带咸。每只盐水鸭都要经过腌、晾、煮、凉等工序，耗费数天制成。(教材p11) 【拓展】 (1)It is plain(that)　　　　 显然…… (2)in plain sight 显而易见 (3)to be plain with you 坦白地说 【写作佳句】The wild plain, with thousands of animals on the move, was an awesome spectacle. 广阔的平原上有成千上万的动物在活动，这样的景象构成了令人赞叹的奇观。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①Every footstep could be plainly(plain) heard. ②The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains(plain) without difficulty. 完成句子 ③The document, written in plain English, tells you about the new policy.  该文件以简单的英语写成,告诉您有关新政策的信息。<学以致用:应用文写作之推荐信> 知识点13 estimate vt. 估计,估价 n. 估计;估计的成本 【教材原句】Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 如今, 人们一年到头都吃盐水鸭。据估计, 在南京每天要吃掉数万只鸭子! (教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)estimate for...　　　　　 对……估价 give/make an estimate 做估计 exceed an estimate 超出预算 a rough estimate 粗略估算/估计 (2)estimate sth. at 估计某物有 be estimated to... 据估计 (3)it is estimated that 据估计 (4)estimation of ……的估计量 【写作佳句】It is estimated that more than 20 million shared bikes will have been put into operation nationwide by 2025. 据估计，到2025年为止，全国将有2 000多万辆共享单车投入运营。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Estimates for the public services will be laid before you. 2. It is estimated(estimate) that a third of its vocabulary is borrowed. 3. Estimations(estimate) of our total world sales are around 50 million. 完成句子 4. 我们市人口约250万。 The population of our city is estimated at 2.5 million.  知识点14 consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间) [教材原句]Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计，南京每天要吃掉数万只鸭！(教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)be consumed with sth.充满…… consume away 憔悴; 消耗掉 (2)consumer n. 消费者 consumption n. 消费 【写作佳句】The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy. 大脑越大，身体就越难活动和消耗更多的能量。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Health­conscious consumers(consume) want more information about the food they buy. 2. The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels. 3. Gas and oil consumption(consume) always increases in cold weather. 完成句子 4. 那个男孩充满好奇心。 The boy was consumed with curiosity. 知识点15 essential adj. 必不可少的;本质的,基本的 【教材原句】In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea? ” has become the local version of “Good morning.” 在广州, 早茶是人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分, 以至于“喝茶了吗? ”已成为当地版的“早上好”。(教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)be essential to/for 　　 对……来说是极其重要的/必不可少的 (2)it is essential to do sth./that...(+should)+do……是极其重要的 (3)essentially adv.本质上;根本上;基本上 (4)essence n.本质;实质;精髓 in essence 从本质上讲 【写作佳句】It was absolutely essential to separate crops from the areas that animals used as pasture. 把庄稼与牲畜的牧场区分开至关重要。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential(essence)in meeting global challenges. 2. In essence, a firm belief is the key to success of revolution. 3. It is essential that every student(should) be guaranteed(guarantee) adequate amount of sleep despite their academic burdens.  完成句子 4. 有三个解决这个难题的根本不同的方法。 There are three essentially different ways of solving this difficult problem.  知识点16 concept n. 概念，观念 [教材原句]The concept took off, and today Guangzhou’s restaurants stimulate customers’ appetite with over a thousand offerings, each more delicate and delicious than the last. 这个观念流行起来，如今广州的各家餐厅用一千多种点心使食客们胃口大开，一道更比一道精致、美味。(教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)the concept of ……的概念 (2)conceptive adj.概念上的；有想象力的 conception n. 概念；设想 【写作佳句】The question is intended to prod students into examining the concept of freedom. 这个问题旨在督促学生探究自由这个概念。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. She added that the concept of arranged marriages is misunderstood in the west. 2. How to define interactive element is the basic conceptive(concept) problem. 完成句子 3.尽管这项计划构想绝妙，但因资金不足而失败了。 The plan was brilliant in its conception but failed because of lack of money. 知识点17 appetite n. 食欲,胃口,强烈欲望 【教材原句】The concept took off, and today Guangzhou’s restaurants stimulate customers’ appetite with over a thousand offerings, each more delicate and delicious than the last. 这个观念流行起来，如今广州的各家餐厅用一千多种点心使食客们胃口大开，一道更比一道精致、美味。(教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)fuel/increase one’s appetite 　 刺激某人的食欲 (2)lose appetite 失去胃口 (3)loss of appetite 食欲不振 (4)appetite for sth. 对……的欲望 (5)have a good appetite 胃口好 (6)have an appetite for 渴望…… 【写作佳句】The little girl has an amazing appetite for knowledge, and she works hard on her study.  这个小女孩求知欲强,学习刻苦。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites(appetite). ②His appetite for food had increased. ③Symptoms include fever and loss of appetite. 完成句子 我立刻坐了回去。这气味破坏了我的食欲，我把盘子推开。 I immediately sat back. The smell ruined my appetite, and I pushed the dish away. 知识点18 emphasis n.(pl. emphases) 强调，重视；重读 [教材原句]The emphasis is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure, and locals can spend hours together chatting, drinking tea and working their way through the menu. 重点而是在谈生意、话家常或消遣，当地人可以花好几个小时聚在一起聊天、喝茶，慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的点心。(教材p12) 【拓展】 (1)lay/put/place emphasis on 强调；着重于 (2)emphasise(＝emphasize)vt. 强调；重视 emphasise the importance of... 强调……的重要性 【写作佳句】As the saying goes, writing style shows the man. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future. 俗话说，文风如其人。漂亮整洁的书法是有益的，特别是对中学生。因此，在我看来今后应更加重视这方面。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Schools are beginning to place emphasis on using computers to teach students. 2. That means you need to emphasise(emphasis) its positive aspects. 完成句子 3.再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性都不为过。 We can’t emphasise the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 知识点19 mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合 【教材原句】Fill the dumpling wrappers with the mixture. 把这些混合物包在饺子皮里。(教材p13) 【拓展】 (1)a mixture of……的混合物 (2)mix vt. & vi. 混合；调配 n. 混合；混合料 mix with 与……混合/融合 mix A with/and B 把A 和B 混合/融合 mix up 弄混，混淆；混合；使糊涂 mix sth. for sb./mix sb. sth. 为某人调制某物 (3)mixed adj. 混合的；复杂的 【写作佳句】With mixed feelings on mind，she doesn’t know what to do to relieve his father’s pain. 她百感交集，不知道做些什么去减轻他父亲的痛苦。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Mixing the cream with/and the sauce releases wonderful flavor which stimulates our appetite. 2. With mixed(mix) feelings in his heart, he doesn’t know how to express his thoughts in an appropriate way. 完成句子 3.看到床边的桌子上放了一盘法式吐司，母亲感到既高兴又自豪。(读后续写之情感描写) At the sight of a plate of French toast placed on the table beside the bed, the mother felt a mixture of delight and pride. 知识点20 fall apart 破裂，破碎；崩溃 【教材原句】Don’t overfill the dumplings, or they will fall apart when you boil them. 饺子不要包得太满, 否则煮的时候就破了。(教材p13) 【拓展】 take apart　　拆开; 剖析 tear apart 扯开, 拆散 tell apart 区分; 分辨 come apart 破碎, 崩溃, 瓦解 set apart 使分离 apart from 除了……之外 【写作佳句】The boy was curious about the clock. Out of curiosity, he took it apart.  这个男孩对钟很好奇。出于好奇, 他把它拆开了。 【经典练】 用part的短语填空 1. When hearing that his son was killed in the traffic accident, the old father fell apart. 2. He has a preference for Sichuan Pepper, which sets him apart from the others in our dormitory. 3. Rod loves taking some devices apart. However, he never manages to put them together again. 4. You can tell my twin brother and me apart by this mark on my face. 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 1. Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. 2. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. 3. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. 4. My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. 5. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable to see the scenery outside while having your meal. 6. Since it takes about an hour to turn the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. 7. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is to sit by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. 8. It will be a good idea to invite your family and friends over for dinner. 【精讲·语法知识】 一、不定式作主语 1. 不定式直接作主语。 To finish the work before Friday is not so easy.在周五之前完成这项工作没有那么容易。 【易混辨析】动名词也可以作主语，但表示动作经常反复发生，而不是只针对某一次。 2. 形式主语it放在句首，真正的主语——动词不定式放在后面。 It would be better for you to cycle around the lake.你最好绕着湖骑自行车。 【温馨提示】it作形式主语时，有三种情况： ①常用形容词作它的表语。真正的主语(动词不定式)通常有逻辑主语，一般用for短语来引出，即for sb to do sth。但当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，要用of。此时的表语形容词往往有：clever，foolish，kind，nice，polite，silly，stupid，wise等。 It was careless of him to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake.＝He was careless to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake.他真粗心，误把那瓶醋喝了。 ②有时也接名词作表语。 ③还常用于“It takes(took/will take) sb some time/money to do sth”句型中。 3. “特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语。 常见的特殊疑问词有：what，who，which，when，where，why，how等。采用“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语，句子的谓语同样采用第三人称单数形式。 4. 动词不定式的被动形式作主语 To be admitted by a key university is easy for him.对他来说，被一所重点大学录取是容易的。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. It is your responsibility ________(keep)the room clean and tidy. 【答案】to keep 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：保持房间干净整洁是你的责任。此处为固定句型“It is + 名词 + to do sth.”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。句中“your responsibility”是名词，因此空格处应填动词不定式“to keep”。故填to keep。 2. It’s typical of our English teacher ________(be) very patient with us. Never have I seen her get angry because we can't understand what she says. 【答案】to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的英语老师对我们很有耐心，这是她的典型特点。我从没见过她因为我们听不懂她的话而生气。句中使用了固定句型 “It’s typical of sb. to do sth.”，意为“某人做某事是典型的”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，设空处应填不定式to be。故填to be。 3. It is our duty ________(conduct) rescue activities if necessary. 【答案】to conduct 【详解】考查不定式。句意：如有必要，我们有责任开展救援行动。it is one’s duty to do sth为固定句式，意为“某人有责任做某事”，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。故填to conduct。 4. It is convenient for us ________(collect)information related to the new programme online. 【答案】to collect 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们在网上收集与这个新程序相关的信息是很方便的。此处为固定句型“It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth”，其中 It 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，所以设空处应填动词不定式 to collect。故填to collect。 5. It takes plenty of time and patience ________(photograph) wildlife. 【答案】to photograph 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：拍摄野生动物需要大量的时间和耐心。句子使用了 “It takes +名词+ to do sth.”这个固定句型，该句型中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构。故填to photograph。 二、完成句子 6. Reducing the income gap in order to build a harmonious society is a requirement.(用it作形式主语改写) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is a requirement to reduce the income gap in order to build a harmonious society. 【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：为了构建和谐社会而缩小收入差距是一项要求。原句主语是动名词短语，按照题目要求将其改写成用it作形式主语的句子，it位于句首，首字母大写，真正的主语需用动词不定式短语to reduce the income gap in order to build a harmonious society移到句子后面，同时保持句子的系动词和表语is a requirement不变。故改写为：It is a requirement to reduce the income gap in order to build a harmonious society. 7. Learning English well is easy for you if you study hard. →________________________________ if you study hard.(It + be +形容词+ for sb. + 动词不定式) 【答案】It is easy for you to learn English well 【详解】考查固定句型。原句为动名词短语作主语的句型结构，转换为“It+be+形容词+for sb. +动词不定式”结构，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正主语，形容词作表语，sb.为不定式的逻辑主语，原句为一般现在时，主语为it，所以be动词为is，形容词easy以及for you保持不变，将动名词短语learning English well转换为to learn English well，句首单词首字母需大写。故填It is easy for you to learn English well。 8. will take/nutrition specialist/a balanced diet menu/make/an hour/for you(改写it作形式主语结构) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It will take an hour for a nutrition specialist to make a balanced diet menu for you. 【详解】考查形式主语和非谓语动词。句意：营养师会花一个小时为你做一份均衡的饮食菜单。固定句型it will take+时间+for somebody to do表示“花费某人时间做某事”，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，“做一份均衡的饮食菜单”表示为make a balanced diet menu，“为你”是for you，故答案为It will take an hour for a nutrition specialist to make a balanced diet menu for you. 9. You are careless to make so many mistakes in the exam.(同义句转换) →________________________________ so many mistakes in the exam. 【答案】It is careless of you to make 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：你真粗心，在考试中犯了这么多错误。It is +形容词+ of  sb. to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说是……的”，根据原句可知，用形容词careless。故填It is careless of you to make。 10. During our four days in Paris, we spent one whole day visiting the Louvre Museum.(同义句转换) →During our four days in Paris, ________ us one whole day ________ the Louvre Museum. 【答案】it took; to visit 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：在巴黎的四天里，我们花了一整天的时间参观了卢浮宫博物馆。分析句子结构可知，此处应为it takes sb. sometime to do sth.意为“花费为某人多久做某事”，其中it形式主语，to do sth.为真正主语，表示“花费”为take，根据时间状语During our four days in Paris可知，此处应为一般过去时态，表示“参观”应为visit，表示主动意义，所以此处为不定式的主动形式。故填①it took②to visit。 二、不定式作表语 1. 不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，具有“即将进行的一次性动作或将来的状态”的特征。 作主语的词往往是表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词(短语、从句)。 To live is to do something worthwhile.活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。 His wish is to become an astronaut.他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。 2. 动词不定式的被动形式作表语。 What he hoped was to be admitted into the university.他希望能被那所大学录取。 【易混辨析】①有些作表语的动词不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。 ②如果主语中含有实义动词do的形式，表语中的to可以省略。 3. “特殊疑问词＋不定式”作表语。 常见的特殊疑问词有：what，who，which，when，where，why，how等。“特殊疑问词＋不定式”通常与be动词构成系表结构，作be动词的表语。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. As a college graduate, his life goal is ________(devote) himself to the field where he is most needed. 【答案】to devote 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名大学毕业生，他的人生目标是将自己投身于最需要他的领域。句中已有系动词is，且无其它连词，故devote应用非谓语动词形式；此处“is”后需要用动词不定式作表语，用来解释说明主语“his life goal”的具体内容，表示将要发生的动作。故填to devote。 2. In the rescue mission, our first and most important goal is ________(save) people. 【答案】to save 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在救援任务中，我们首要也是最重要的目标是救人。此处使用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的内容，故填to save。 3. Group leader’s duty is ________(ensure) that all pupils in his group understand and practice what the teacher has taught. 【答案】to ensure 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：组长的职责是确保小组中的所有学生都理解并练习老师所教的内容。设空处应填动词不定式作表语，说明主语Group leader’s duty的具体内容。故填to ensure。 4. I want to experience some Chinese culture, but my main goal is ________(find) out which university is the best for me to attend. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我想体验一些中国文化，但我的主要目标是找出哪所大学最适合我。设空处应填动词不定式作表语，说明未来的动作或目的。故填to find。 5. My long-term plan is ________(take) a degree course here. But it all depends on my expenses, so I intend ________(find) some work first. 【答案】to take; to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的长期计划是在这里修读一个学位课程。但这一切都取决于我的费用情况，所以我打算先找些工作。 第一空，is是系动词，此处用to take作表语，表明长期计划的具体内容，第二空，intend to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“打算做某事”，所以用to find作宾语。故填to take；to find。 二、完成句子 6. What shall I do if she asks me for some advice?(句型转换) → What am I ________ if she asks me for some advice? 【答案】to do 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果她向我寻求建议，我该怎么办？句型转换时，be to do用于第一人称疑问句，可以表示征求意见。因此，What shall I do可以转换成What am I to do。故填to do。 7. First, make preparations for hours in advance.(用不定式作表语改写句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The first step is to make preparations for hours in advance. 【详解】考查不定式。句意：第一步是提前几个小时做好准备。此处说明主语first step的内容，用不定式作表语，故改为The first step is to make preparations for hours in advance. 8. They will hold a party when they arrive at the island.(同义句转换) →They ________________________________ when they arrive at the island. 【答案】are to hold a party 【详解】考查不定式。句意：他们到达岛上时将举行一个聚会。不定式作表语可以表将来，故They will hold a party可转换为They are to hold a party。故填are to hold a party。 9. What shall I do if she asks me for some advice?(同义句转换) →What ________________ if she asks me for some advice? 【答案】am I to do 【详解】考查不定式。句意：如果她向我请教，我该怎么办？be to do用于第一人称疑问句，可以表示征求意见。故What shall I do可以转换成What am I to do。故填am I to do。 10. The three spies have been assigned the mission to steal the enemy’s information.(同义句转换) The mission of the three spies is ________ ________ the enemy’s information. 【答案】to steal 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这三个间谍被指派去窃取敌人的情报。原句中mission作为宾语，动词不定式to steal作后置定语；改写后的句子mission作为主语，用动词不定式to steal作表语，表示具体的动作。故填①to；②steal。 三、写作清单 写一篇最喜欢的食物的文章 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是描写你最喜欢的食物，这是一种描述性的作文。写描述性的作文应该注意以下方面： 1. 开头要对所要描述的东西有一个简单的介绍。 2. 文章的主体部分可以按照一定的顺序进行描述，如时间顺序或事件的主次等。 3. 结尾可以进行适当的评论或谈一谈自己的感受。 【积累·写作素材】 1. ...is a traditional Chinese food loved by almost all Chinese people. 2. I first tried it/them when... 3. It looks like... 4. In my eyes，it tastes better than any other food in the world. 5. It is/They are so delicious that... 6. It is(not) easy to make... 【示例·分步写作】 假如你是李华，你的外国朋友Jack想了解中国的传统美食，请你介绍一下你最喜欢的中国传统美食——水饺。内容包括以下几个方面： 1. 中国传统美食之一，几乎人人喜爱； 2. 形状像古代的金锭，是财富的象征； 3. 制作水饺需要全家参与，代表着团圆。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇： 金锭gold ingot ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 说明文--介绍自己最喜欢的食物 人称 以第一人称和第三人称为主 时态 一般现在时为主 框架 第一段：开门见山说明自己最喜欢的食物的名称并做简要的描述。 第二段：简要介绍与自己最喜欢的食物接触的经历，并对这种食物的外观、味道以及制作过程进行描述。 第三段：适当的评论或谈一谈自己的感受。 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 1. 一种传统美食a traditional food 2. 和……相似 be similar to 3. 象征symbolize 4. 包水饺make dumplings 5. 合作teamwork 6. 分享某人的人生故事share one’s life stories 7. 喜欢be fond of 8. 加入join in 句子翻译 1. 我最喜欢的食物是水饺。中国人都非常喜爱这一传统食物。 My favorite food is dumplings. Chinese people all love the traditional food very much. 2. 虽然当时我还只是一个孩子，但我几乎吃了一大碗水饺，因为它们太好吃了。 Although I was a small child at that time, I ate almost a big bowl of dumplings because they were so delicious. 3. 包饺子真的是团队合作，因此所有的家庭成员经常共同参与，在此期间他们分享彼此的生活故事。 Making dumplings is really teamwork, so all the family members often work together. During it, they share their life stories with each other. 第三步：词句升级 1. 用过去分词作定语改写句1。 My favorite food is a traditional food loved very much by all Chinese people—dumplings. 2. 用as构成的倒装句改写句2。 Small child as I was at that time, I ate almost a big bowl of dumplings because they were so delicious. 3. 用非限制性定语从句改写句3。 Making dumplings is really teamwork, so all the family members often work together, during which they share their life stories with each other. 第四步：连句成篇 My favorite food is a traditional food loved very much by all Chinese people—dumplings. I first tried them more than ten years ago. Small child as I was at that time, I ate almost a big bowl of dumplings because they were so delicious. The shape of a dumpling is similar to that of an ancient Chinese gold ingot, so dumplings symbolize wealth. Making dumplings is really teamwork, so all the family members often work together, during which they share their life stories with each other. In this way, making dumplings is also a symbol of union. Now more and more foreigners are fond of the taste of dumplings. ( 1 / 23 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$