2025年中考英语语法复习：非谓语动词（五大重难点、易错点突破+强化训练）

中考语法复习：非谓语动词 （五大重难点、易错点突破+强化训练） 一、非谓语动词核心概念 二、核心特征： 1. 不作谓语 → 无时态/人称变化 2. 保留动词属性 → 可带宾语/状语（如：to read books carefully） 三、五大重难点+易错点突破 · 重难点1：不定式 vs 动名词的动词搭配 中考必考！ 动词类型 经典动词 例句（正确→错误） 记忆口诀 只接不定式 decide, refuse ✅ He decided to leave. ❌ decided leaving 打算拒绝敢决定（ plan/refuse/dare/decide），不定式后接起。 只接动名词 enjoy, avoid ✅ She enjoys dancing. ❌ enjoys to dance 喜欢逃避别介意（enjoy/avoid/mind），doing要牢记。 意义不同 remember, stop ■ Remember to close the door.（未关） ■ Remember closing the door?（已关） ■ Stop to smoke.（停下做某事） ■ Stop smoking.（停止吸烟） 记得未做to do， 记得已做doing； 停下做某事to do， 停做某事doing。 接不定式vs动名词意义不同的动词 中考高频！ 动词 + to do + doing 差异点 forget forget to call（忘记要做） forget calling（忘记做过） 未做vs已做 remember remember to lock（记得要锁） remember locking（记得锁过） 未做vs已做 stop stop to rest（停下来去休息） stop smoking（戒烟） 目的vs停止某动作 try try to solve（努力解决） try using a tool（尝试用工具） 努力vs试验方法 练习1：用括号动词的正确形式填空 1. I hope __________ (see) you again. 2. He finished __________ (write) the report. 3. Please remember __________ (turn) off the lights. 4. She stopped __________ (talk) when the teacher came in. · 重难点2：分词作定语的主动/被动混淆 高频考点！ 分词 主动关系 被动关系 易错案例解析 现在分词 a sleeping baby（婴儿主动睡） ❌ a slept baby -ing表主动 → 婴儿自己睡 过去分词 a broken cup（杯子被打破） ❌ a breaking cup -ed表被动 → 杯子被打破 现在分词vs过去分词修饰对象不同： 高频考点！ 情感动词 修饰物（主动） 修饰人（被动） excite an exciting film an excited child frighten a frightening sound a frightened girl relax a relaxing place We are relaxed. bore a boring lecture  a bored student tire a tiring journey a tired child surprise a surprising turn of events The people are surprised. interest an interesting book an interested reader 练习2：选择正确分词 1. The __________ (exciting/excited) children opened their gifts. 2. The __________ (frightening/frightened) girl hid behind the tree. 3. We saw __________ (falling/fallen) leaves everywhere. · 重难点3：省略to的不定式 高频考点！ 必须省略to的六种情况： 1. 感官动词后：see/hear/watch + sb do（全过程） ❌ I saw him to cross the street. → ✅ cross 2. 使役动词后：make/let/have + sb do ❌ She made me to cry. → ✅ cry 3. why not句型：Why not do...? 4. had better句型：had better do... 5. 助动词后：will/can/should + do 6. 并列不定式： come and see me（❌ come and to see） 练习3：选择题。 1. Why not ______ a walk in the park this evening? A. to take B. take C. taking 2. I heard her ______ a beautiful song at the concert. A. to sing B. sing C. singing 3. You had better ______ your phone during the exam. A. not to use B. not use C. don’t use 4. The coach made the team ______ extra laps after practice. A. to run B. run C. running 5. Could you please go ______ the doctor? It’s urgent! A. and to call B. and call C. calling 练习4：改错题 找出下列句子中的错误并改正（每句只有一处错误，涉及省略 "to" 的规则）： 1. She saw the cat to jump over the fence. → 错误：________ → 改正：________ 2. Why not to ask your teacher for help? → 错误：________ → 改正：________ 3. You had better to finish your homework before dinner. → 错误：________ → 改正：________ 4. Let him to try the new game. It’s fun! → 错误：________ → 改正：________ 5. We will to visit the museum tomorrow. → 错误：________ → 改正：________ · 重难点4：分词vs不定式作宾补的区别 高频考点！ 动词 + doing（进行/持续） + do（全过程） + done（被动） see 看见 I saw him crossing the street.（正在过） I saw him cross the street.（全过程） I saw the window broken.（被打破） watch注视，观看 We watched the children playing football. (正在看） We watched the children play football.（看完） notice注意到 Did you notice him leaving early? (正在离开) I didn't notice anyone enter the room. (进了) She noticed the door left open. (门被开着） observe注意到 The scientists observed the cells dividing under the microscope. (正在分裂) They observed the bird build a nest. (筑了) The people observed the suspect being arrested. (被逮捕) Hear 听见 I heard her singing.（正在唱） I heard her sing.（唱完） I heard the song played.（被播放） listen to听 I enjoy listening to the rain falling on the roof. (正在落在) I listened to him read the entire poem. (读完了) smell 闻到 Can you smell something burning? (正在烧焦) I smelled the milk gone sour. / I smelled the milk had gone sour. (已经变酸了) feel感觉 She felt her heart beating fast. (正在跳动) I felt the building shake during the earthquake. (晃动了) He felt himself lifted off the ground.(被抬离了) 练习5：选择最佳选项填空 1. I stood at the window and watched the children ______ in the park. A) played B) play C) playing D) to play 2. The loud explosion made everyone in the room ______ in fear. A) scream B) screaming C) screamed D) to scream 3. When I walked into the kitchen, I could smell something ______. A) burn B) burning C) burned D) to burn 4. She needs to ______ her passport renewed before the trip. A) make B) let C) have D) get 5. Did you notice the old man ______ slowly across the street just now? A) walked B) walk C) walking D) to walk 考点强化总结 感官动词 (see, hear, watch, notice, smell, feel 等)： + 宾语 + doing → 动作正在进行 + 宾语 + do → 动作全过程/完成 (强调事实) + 宾语 + done → 被动状态/结果 使役动词 (make, have, let, get)： make/have/let + 宾语 + do → 迫使/让/允许某人做某事 (主动，省略to) get + 宾语 + to do → 说服/使得某人做某事 (主动，必须带to) have/get + 宾语 + done → 使某事被做 (被动) · 难点5：分词的逻辑主语缺失 悬垂分词错误： ❌ Walking in the park, a flower was picked.（花不会走路！） ✅ Walking in the park, I picked a flower.（I是walking的主语） 黄金法则：分词短语的主语 = 主句主语！ 练习6：选择没有分词逻辑主语缺失错误的句子 1. 选择逻辑正确的句子： A) Running down the street, the dog chased the ball. B) Running down the street, I saw the dog chase the ball. C) Running down the street, the ball was chased by the dog. 2. 选择逻辑正确的句子： A) After finishing the report, the computer was shut down. B) After finishing the report, Maria shut down the computer. C) After finishing the report, the shutdown was done by Maria. 3. 选择逻辑正确的句子： A) While reading a book, the cat jumped onto my lap. B) While reading a book, my lap was jumped on by the cat. C) While reading a book, I felt the cat jump onto my lap. 4. 选择逻辑正确的句子： A) Seen from the hill, the city lights looked magical. B) Seen from the hill, we admired the magical city lights. C) Seen from the hill, the magic was in the city lights. 5. 选择逻辑正确的句子： A) Being a rainy day, the picnic was canceled. B) Being a rainy day, we canceled the picnic. C) Being a rainy day, the cancellation was necessary. 三、高频易错题诊断（含解析） 1. ❌ He avoided to meet his teacher. → ✅ meeting（avoid只接doing） 2. ❌ The tiring workers rested under a tree. → ✅ tired（工人“感到累” → 被动） 3. ❌ I saw the ball to roll down the hill. → ✅ roll（感官动词see后省略to） 4. ❌ Reading the book, it fell on the floor. → ✅ When I was reading...（主语不一致） 四、强化训练 I. 用非谓语动词形式填空 1. They decided __________ (buy) a new car. 2. Do you mind __________ (open) the window? 3. I heard her __________ (sing) in the next room. 4. The __________ (frighten) girl ran away. 5. __________ (Work) hard, you will succeed. II. 改错并说明原因 6. ❌ He finished to do his homework. 7. ❌ The movie is interested. 8. ❌ She let the boy to go home. 答案与解析： 练习1：用括号动词的正确形式填空。 1. to see（hope to do） 2. writing（finish doing） 3. to turn（记得要做） 4. talking（停止说话） 练习2：选择正确分词 1. excited（孩子们“感到兴奋”→被动） 2. frightened（女孩“被吓到”→被动） 3. falling（树叶“正在飘落”→主动） 练习3. 选择题。 1. B 规则： Why not...? 后直接接动词原形，必须省略 to。 2. B 规则： 感官动词（heard） + 宾语（her） + 动作全过程，必须省略 to（sing）。 → singing 表示“正在唱”，语法正确但不符合“全过程”考点要求。 3. B 规则： had better 后接动词原形，必须省略 to；否定形式为 had better not + 动词原形。 4. B 规则： 使役动词（made） + 宾语（the team） + 动作，必须省略 to。 5. B 规则： 并列不定式（由 and 连接），第二个不定式省略 to。 练习4：改错题 1. 错误：to jump → 改正：jump 规则： 感官动词（saw）后接宾语（the cat） + 动作全过程，必须省略 to。 2. 错误：Why not to ask → 改正：Why not ask 规则： Why not...? 句型后直接接动词原形，必须省略 to。 3. 错误：had better to finish → 改正：had better finish 规则： had better 后直接接动词原形，必须省略 to。 4. 错误：to try → 改正：try  规则： 使役动词（let）后接宾语（him） + 动作，必须省略 to。 5. 错误：will to visit → 改正：will visit 规则： 情态助动词（will）后必须接动词原形，省略 to。 练习5：选择最佳选项填空 1. 答案：C) playing 解析：动词 watch（感官动词）后接宾语 the children。 playing 强调 “正在玩耍”（动作进行中，我看到部分场景）。 play（动词原形）虽可表全过程，但此处更强调持续进行的画面感。 2. 答案：A) scream 解析：动词 make（使役动词）后接宾语 everyone。 使役动词 make sb do sth 要求用 动词原形 (do)，表示“迫使某人做某事”。 此处意为“爆炸声迫使所有人尖叫”（强调结果/事实）。 3. 答案：B) burning 解析：动词 smell（感官动词）后接宾语 something。 burning 强调 “正在燃烧”（动作进行中，我闻到的是正在发生的状态）。 这是感官动词接 doing 的典型用法（闻到/听到/看到...正在发生）。 4. 答案：C) have 或 D) get 解析：考查使役动词表“使某事被做”（被动）。 have sth done 或 get sth done 都表示 “让别人做某事” 或 “使某事被完成”。 此处意为“她需要（找人）更新护照”。 5. 答案：C) walking 解析：动词 notice（感官动词）后接宾语 the old man。 walking 强调 “正在缓慢过马路”（动作进行中，你注意到的是他过马路的过程）。 时间状语 “just now” 虽表过去，但强调的是当时“正在进行的动作”。 练习6：选择没有分词逻辑主语缺失错误的句子 1. B（分词"Running"的逻辑主语是"I"，正确） - A错：狗不能同时是"running"和"chased"的主语 - C错：球不能自己"running" 2. B（分词"finishing"的逻辑主语是"Maria"，正确） - A错：电脑不能"finish report" - C错：shutdown不能"finish report" 3. C（分词"reading"的逻辑主语是"I"，正确） - A错：猫不能"reading a book" - B错：my lap不能"reading" 4. A（过去分词"Seen"表被动，主语"lights"是被看的对象，正确） - B错："we"不能同时是"seen"的宾语（被动） - C错：magic不能"被从山上看到" 5. A（独立主格结构省略"it"，"Being"的逻辑主语是隐含的"天气"，主句主语"picnic"与之无冲突） - B错："we"不能是"a rainy day" - C错："cancellation"不能是"a rainy day" 四、强化训练 1. to buy（decide to do） 2. opening（mind doing） 3. sing（hear sb do → 省略to） 4. frightened（女孩“被吓到” → 过去分词） 5. Working（分词作条件状语，主语you是working执行者） 6. to do → doing（finish只接doing） 7. interested → interesting（电影“令人感兴趣” → 现在分词） 8. to go → go（let sb. do → 省略to） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$