Unit 5 Play by the rules？ 动词不定式作目的状语-【简语法-单元重点语法精练】英语八年级上册（外研版2024）

单元核心语法·精练 Unit 5 Play by the rules？ （动词不定式作目的状语） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、动词不定式作目的状语 用法介绍 动词不定式作目的状语时，用于说明动作的目的，表达 “为了……”，基本形式为 “to + 动词原形”，可置于句首或句尾，也可通过 “in order to” 加强语气。 结构形式 示例 to do sth.（句尾） He got up early to catch the first bus.（他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。） to do sth.（句首） To improve his English, he joined an English club.（为了提高英语，他加入了英语俱乐部。） in order to do sth. She studied hard in order to pass the exam.（她努力学习是为了通过考试。） 注意事项 1. 逻辑主语一致：不定式的逻辑主语需与句子主语保持一致（如错误：To learn English well, a dictionary is necessary. 正确：To learn English well, we need a dictionary.）。 2. in order to 的位置：可放句首或句尾，放句首时常用逗号隔开（如 In order to save time, we took a taxi. = We took a taxi in order to save time.）。 3. 避免与表结果的不定式混淆：作目的状语的不定式表示 “意图”，表结果的不定式常与 only 连用（如 He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.（他匆忙赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。））。 二、动词不定式作原因和结果状语 用法介绍 不定式除表目的外，还可作原因状语（说明情绪或状态的原因）和结果状语（表示动作的自然结果）。 状语类型 结构特点 示例 原因状语 形容词 + to do sth. I’m glad to see you.（见到你我很高兴。→ 因见到你而高兴） 表情感的动词 + to do sth. She cried to hear the bad news.（听到坏消息她哭了。→ 因听到消息而哭） 结果状语 动词 + to do sth.（常与 learn, find 等连用） He woke up to find the room empty.（他醒来发现房间是空的。） only to do sth.（表意外结果） He rushed to the shop only to find it closed.（他冲到商店，却发现关门了。） 注意事项 1. 原因状语的位置：常位于形容词或表情感的动词后，说明产生该情绪的直接原因（如 She was surprised to meet him.（见到他她很惊讶。））。 2. 结果状语的语境：表自然结果时无需特殊词修饰，表意外结果时常用 only 强调（如 I tried to call her, only to get no answer.（我试着给她打电话，却没人接。））。 三、不定式作目的状语的句式转换 用法介绍 不定式作目的状语可与 “so that” 引导的目的状语从句转换，转换时需注意从句的时态和情态动词的使用。 不定式结构 对应的 so that 从句 示例 to do sth. so that + 主语 + can/may + 动词原形 He works hard to get good grades. → He works hard so that he can get good grades.（他努力学习是为了取得好成绩。） in order to do sth. so that + 主语 + will/can + 动词原形 She saved money in order to buy a car. → She saved money so that she will buy a car.（她存钱是为了买辆车。） 注意事项 1. 情态动词搭配：so that 从句中常需加 can, may, will 等情态动词，体现 “目的” 的意图（如错误：He studies so that he gets good marks. 正确：He studies so that he can get good marks.）。 2. 否定转换：不定式的否定形式 “not to do” 可转换为 “so that + 主语 + won’t/can’t + 动词原形”（如 I left early not to miss the bus. → I left early so that I won’t miss the bus.（我早走是为了不错过公交车。））。 3. 简洁性原则：不定式作目的状语比从句更简洁，优先用于简单句（如 To catch the bus, he ran. 比 He ran so that he could catch the bus. 更简洁）。 一、单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·江苏盐城·期中）—Swans always fly together ________ lost.   —Yes, and they can fly for a long time without a rest. A．not to get B．to get C．get D．not get 2．（23-24八年级上·甘肃白银·期中）I always get up early________ the first bus. My home is far away from school. A．catch B．to catch C．caught D．catching 3．（24-25八年级上·天津·期中）Jack always tells funny stories ________ his classmates laugh at school. A．make B．to make C．makes D．making 4．（24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）—Bob, I’m not good at English. What should I do? —You had better ________ an English club to practise ________ English? A．to join; speaking B．join; to speak C．to join; to speak D．join; speaking. 5．（24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中）They are crazy about ________ DIY, so they had better ________ a course. A．doing; to take B．to do; taking C．to do; to take D．doing; take 6．（24-25八年级上·江苏·期中）I wanted a shelf in my bedroom. So my father spent five hours ________ the shelf on the wall. A．to put up B．putting up C．to put in D．putting in 7．（24-25八年级上·四川泸州·期中）—Sun Yingsha won two gold medals and a silver medal at the Paris Olympics 2024. —She’s a great table tennis player. She spends much time ________ playing ping-pong. A．to practice B．practices C．practicing D．practiced 8．（24-25八年级上·四川达州·期中）—My pet cat doesn’t feel like ________ for days. I’m worried about him. —You should do something to make him ________. Or his life will be in danger. A．to eat; eat B．eating; eat C．eating; to eat D．to eat; to eat 9．（23-24八年级上·江西吉安·期中）Yoga is my favorite sport and I often practice it ________ healthy. A．keeping B．kept C．to keep D．keeps 10．（23-24八年级上·甘肃酒泉·期中）We have worked here for half ________ hour. Let’s stop ________ a rest. A．a; having B．an; to have C．/; to have D．the; having 11．（24-25八年级上·天津红桥·期中）We should do what we can ________ the people in trouble. A．help B．to help C．helping D．to helping 12．（24-25八年级上·天津和平·期中）Jack trained hard ________ his listening and speaking. A．improve B．to improve C．improving D．improved 13．（24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期中）________ ourselves safe from danger, we must wear helmets when riding electric bikes. A．Keep B．Kept C．Keeping D．To keep 14．（24-25八年级上·安徽合肥·期中）Teachers in Shouchun Middle School always do what they can ______ us. I am deeply moved. A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help 15．（24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）—  ________ the DIY, he read instructions first. — That’s a good way. A．Complete B．Completing C．Completed D．To complete 二、完成句子：根据句意在空格处填入一个合适的单词或者用括号所给单词的正确形式填空 1. （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期中）Through great efforts, the athlete reached the final and had a half chance of (win) the match. 2. （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中）Students are having a good time (take) photos for each other during the school trip. 3. （23-24七年级上·山东烟台·期中）They made a fire （keep）warm. 4. （23-24八年级上·山东德州·期中）They practise hard (beat) the other team in the final match. 5. （23-24八年级上·山东潍坊·期中）Let’s find out what else we can do (save) as many animals as possible. 6. （23-24八年级上·吉林·期中） (improve) my English, I practice listening to tapes every morning. 7. （24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）You never know how much time I spent (finish) the hard work last night. Six hours! 8. （24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中）He spent as much time as he could (practise) badminton. 9. （24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中）Amy can always listen to me carefully and keep on (offer) me help when I need. 10. （23-24八年级上·安徽合肥·期中）The doctor did what he could (help) the girl who was badly hurt in the accident. 11. （23-24八年级上·重庆九龙坡·期中）We’ll try our best (win) the competition. 12. （23-24八年级上·辽宁阜新·期中）We are thinking about what we can do (help) the students in the poor villages. 13. （24-25八年级上·山东潍坊·期中）You should do what you can (help) your brother with his study. 14. （24-25八年级上·安徽合肥·期中） (raise) money for the old, she decided to have a book sale. （单词适当形式） 15. （24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中） (make) the earth greener, people should plant more trees. 三、选词填空 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·湖北黄冈·开学考试）阅读短文，从方框中选出正确的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 book  question  thank  Chinese  right  interest  feel  but  hard  finish There’s a boy. He’s not good at 1 . He doesn’t like this subject and he isn’t 2 in at all. But his mother thinks he just doesn’t study 3 at school. So she makes some rules for him. The boy has to 4 his homework before he plays outside. He can only watch TV on the weekend. And he must read two 5 from the library every week. The boy isn’t happy about these new rules. 6 his mother is very strict. He has to follow them. One day, the boy has his class. His teacher asks the students a 7 . No one knows the answer. At this time, he raises (举起) his hand and then gives the 8 answer. The teacher and all his classmates are surprised (惊讶). The boy can answer this difficult question. The boy 9 surprised, too. He finds that the answer comes from the books in the library. When he gets home, he says, “Mom, 10 for your rules. I think it’s important to follow them.” Passage 2 （20-21八年级上·四川成都·期末）从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺(每词限用一次)。 common, discuss, even, high, if, low, make, physics, point, probable, so, such Recently, people have had a hot 1 about the decision to make eyesight(视力) as part of high school entrance exam(中考). Students in the city of Changzhi, Shanxi province will be tested on their “ 2 health”, including eyesight. Those who don’t get the “normal” eyesight will not get the full five 3 in their high school entrance exam. “In recent years, I have found that the No. 1 problem is poor eyesight. What makes this so terrible is that the students don’t wear glasses. They 4 hate to say they have this problem. But how can you learn 5 you can’t see well?” says Alexander, an American expert in China. However, some people have different views. They believe that some environmental problems have something to do with the eyesight. Eye illness, accidental injury (受伤) and improper use of eyes can also make eyesight poor . Each of these should be thought about before 6 this decision. Here is what I think. First, why some students have shortsightedness is that their parents have. Second, some being shortsighted is 7 a result of hard work. If those who work has get 8 scores than those who do not, tell me where fairness(公平) is? Third, rich families can afford expensive treatment of shortsightedness while 9 families cannot, just feel so sad for students nowadays, for they are already under 10 heavy stress from the competitive environment. Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·河南驻马店·阶段练习）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空， 使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 enjoyable  they  to  cold  two  how  beach  be  swim  as We all know that swimming is a good way 1 exercise. But do you know open water swimming? It means swimming in the sea, a river or a lake. Open water swimming is 2 , but there is a lot more to think about. It’s very important to know 3 to keep safe in the water. Most swimming pools make sure that the water is comfortable (舒适的) enough for people to get into. However, in open water swimming, the water is often much 4 than swimming in the pool even in summer. It’s not the same 5 swimming in the pool. So many people like to wear a wetsuit (潜水衣) to help keep 6 warm. If you want to swim in the open water, here 7 some rules for you to follow. First, choose (选择) a safe place. You can ask the workers there and they can tell you the safest place. 8 , never swim by yourself. Always have an adult (成人) swimmer beside you: Third, wear a bright swimming cap. It can help people find you easily if something dangerous happens (发生). Fourth, don’t swim too far and stay close to the river or the 9 it you are in the sea. Remember all these rules and you can have a great time 10 in the open water. Passage 4 （22-23八年级上·河南南阳·期末）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 home   need   you   so   fast   follow   safe   teacher   as   tell Dear Amy, How is everything going? I’m very glad to receive(收到) your e-mail. You 1 me the school rules in your school in the last e-mail. Now I want to tell you the rules about mine. Firstly, everyone 2 to wear school uniforms(校服) and get to school on time. Next, 3 middle school students, the most important thing is to learn, we should study hard and finish homework in time. Thirdly, we should treat our school like our 4 and protect the environment(环境). 5 we must clean the classroom every day. Fourthly, we should put up hands when we want to answer the 6 questions in class. Finally, we mustn’t run 7 and play in school hallways(走廊). It can be dangerous. As the saying goes, “A nation has ills rule and a family also has one!” we should obey(遵守) the school rules. Only by 8 these school rules, we can make our school life better and 9 . What do you think of the school rules in my school? I am waiting for 10 reply(回复). Yours, Li Hua 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （21-22八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）六、根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空使短文完整。 It’s early in the morning and the alarm clock is ringing for many times. It’s 1 （possible）for you to get out of your bed because you want to sleep longer. And then you have to rush to school, afraid of missing the 2 （one）school bell. As a school student, this is probably a common experience（经历）for you. But now the new school year brings new changes. New rules（规定）are 3 （help）to reduce pressure（减轻压力）on China’s primary and middle school students.They will have more time to enjoy 4 （they）after school. The first piece of good news 5 （be）that there will be 6 （few）exams than before! First and second graders in primary schools will not have 7 （some）written exams. Junior school students will have mid-terms and final exams, but no 8 （week）or monthly tests. More students will stay with their parents instead of 9 （go）home with their grandparents. This is because primary and middle schools need 10 （offer）an after-class service（服务）. It’s called the 5+2 service. Schools will offer the service at least five days a week for two hours a day. Students can stay at school until their parents get off work. Passage 2 （22-23八年级上·山东青岛·期中）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Smartphones are important in our daily life. However, to protect 1 (students) eyesight and make sure they work hard at their studies, primary (初级的) and middle schools will have more 2 (rule) in order to stop students from using mobile phones 3 school. The Ministry of Education made a rule 4 January 2021. It stops primary and middle school students from 5 (carry) mobile phones to school. If students have to take 6 (his) phones to school, they must get their parents’ and teachers’ approval (允许) and they must hand their phones over during class time. Zhang Feng is a middle school teacher in Beijing. Every classroom in her school has a big box to store students’ phones 7 class. “Before the new rule was made, many students spent much time playing with their 8 (phone). Spending too much time on the phone is bad for 9 (they) to study their subject.” she said. Many parents don’t allow their kids to take mobile phones to school. But Wang Dan, a mother from Shanghai does 10 (different). She allows her daughter to take her phone to school. Wang said it’s more important to develop good habits of phone usage. Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Travelling by subway can be quite an adventure (冒险). It’s hard to find your way in the space full 1 people. People run quickly to get a seat. And be 2 (care) of that girl who is holding a cup of hot coffee. To deal with these problems, all 3 (country) have made rules for subways to follow. The most common one is no eating 4 drinking on the subway. Many cities in the world have this rule. New York City has asked passengers 5 (take) off the backpacks on the subway. Also, passengers are told not to open 6 (they) legs wide enough to take up two or even three seats. There are some 7 (interest) rules, too. France 8 (suggest) that passengers shouldn’t play music too loud through headphones or stare (盯着) at women for 9 long time. New Delhi, the capital of India stops drunk people from 10 (take) the subway. Whether your city has the same rules or not, it’s always good to behave (举止) well on the subways. 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$单元核心语法·精练 Unit 5 Play by the rules？ （动词不定式作目的状语） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、动词不定式作目的状语 用法介绍 动词不定式作目的状语时，用于说明动作的目的，表达 “为了……”，基本形式为 “to + 动词原形”，可置于句首或句尾，也可通过 “in order to” 加强语气。 结构形式 示例 to do sth.（句尾） He got up early to catch the first bus.（他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。） to do sth.（句首） To improve his English, he joined an English club.（为了提高英语，他加入了英语俱乐部。） in order to do sth. She studied hard in order to pass the exam.（她努力学习是为了通过考试。） 注意事项 1. 逻辑主语一致：不定式的逻辑主语需与句子主语保持一致（如错误：To learn English well, a dictionary is necessary. 正确：To learn English well, we need a dictionary.）。 2. in order to 的位置：可放句首或句尾，放句首时常用逗号隔开（如 In order to save time, we took a taxi. = We took a taxi in order to save time.）。 3. 避免与表结果的不定式混淆：作目的状语的不定式表示 “意图”，表结果的不定式常与 only 连用（如 He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.（他匆忙赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。））。 二、动词不定式作原因和结果状语 用法介绍 不定式除表目的外，还可作原因状语（说明情绪或状态的原因）和结果状语（表示动作的自然结果）。 状语类型 结构特点 示例 原因状语 形容词 + to do sth. I’m glad to see you.（见到你我很高兴。→ 因见到你而高兴） 表情感的动词 + to do sth. She cried to hear the bad news.（听到坏消息她哭了。→ 因听到消息而哭） 结果状语 动词 + to do sth.（常与 learn, find 等连用） He woke up to find the room empty.（他醒来发现房间是空的。） only to do sth.（表意外结果） He rushed to the shop only to find it closed.（他冲到商店，却发现关门了。） 注意事项 1. 原因状语的位置：常位于形容词或表情感的动词后，说明产生该情绪的直接原因（如 She was surprised to meet him.（见到他她很惊讶。））。 2. 结果状语的语境：表自然结果时无需特殊词修饰，表意外结果时常用 only 强调（如 I tried to call her, only to get no answer.（我试着给她打电话，却没人接。））。 三、不定式作目的状语的句式转换 用法介绍 不定式作目的状语可与 “so that” 引导的目的状语从句转换，转换时需注意从句的时态和情态动词的使用。 不定式结构 对应的 so that 从句 示例 to do sth. so that + 主语 + can/may + 动词原形 He works hard to get good grades. → He works hard so that he can get good grades.（他努力学习是为了取得好成绩。） in order to do sth. so that + 主语 + will/can + 动词原形 She saved money in order to buy a car. → She saved money so that she will buy a car.（她存钱是为了买辆车。） 注意事项 1. 情态动词搭配：so that 从句中常需加 can, may, will 等情态动词，体现 “目的” 的意图（如错误：He studies so that he gets good marks. 正确：He studies so that he can get good marks.）。 2. 否定转换：不定式的否定形式 “not to do” 可转换为 “so that + 主语 + won’t/can’t + 动词原形”（如 I left early not to miss the bus. → I left early so that I won’t miss the bus.（我早走是为了不错过公交车。））。 3. 简洁性原则：不定式作目的状语比从句更简洁，优先用于简单句（如 To catch the bus, he ran. 比 He ran so that he could catch the bus. 更简洁）。 一、单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·江苏盐城·期中）—Swans always fly together ________ lost.   —Yes, and they can fly for a long time without a rest. A．not to get B．to get C．get D．not get 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——天鹅总是一起飞，以免迷路。——是的，它们可以长时间飞行而不休息。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。not to get动词不定式的否定形式；to get动词不定式；get动词原形；not get不正确结构。根据“Swans always fly together…lost. ”可知，get lost表示“变得迷路，迷失”，这里用不定式的否定形式来表达目的，not to get lost表示“为了不迷路”。故填A。 2．（23-24八年级上·甘肃白银·期中）I always get up early________ the first bus. My home is far away from school. A．catch B．to catch C．caught D．catching 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我总是早起为了赶上早班车。我家离学校远。 考查动词不定式。分析句式结构可知句子谓语动词已经存在，只能用非谓语动词，动词不定式表目的，早起的目的是赶早班车，故选B。 3．（24-25八年级上·天津·期中）Jack always tells funny stories ________ his classmates laugh at school. A．make B．to make C．makes D．making 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在学校，杰克总是讲有趣的故事来逗笑他的同学。 考查动词不定式。根据“Jack always tells funny stories...his classmates laugh at school”可知，杰克讲有趣的故事的目的是逗同学们发笑，此处用不定式作目的状语。故选B。 4．（24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）—Bob, I’m not good at English. What should I do? —You had better ________ an English club to practise ________ English? A．to join; speaking B．join; to speak C．to join; to speak D．join; speaking. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——鲍勃，我不擅长英语。我应该做些什么？——你最好加入一个英语俱乐部来练习说英语。 考查固定表达和非谓语动词。had better do sth.“最好做某事”，因此第一个空应选择动词原形join；“practice doing sth.”表示“练习做某事”，因此第二个空应用动名词形式speaking。故选D。 5．（24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中）They are crazy about ________ DIY, so they had better ________ a course. A．doing; to take B．to do; taking C．to do; to take D．doing; take 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他们热衷于DIY，所以他们最好上一门课。 考查固定搭配。be crazy about doing sth.表示“做某事着迷”；had better do sth.表示“最好做某事”。故选D。 6．（24-25八年级上·江苏·期中）I wanted a shelf in my bedroom. So my father spent five hours ________ the shelf on the wall. A．to put up B．putting up C．to put in D．putting in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想在卧室里装一个架子，因此我父亲花了五个小时把架子装在墙上。 考查非谓语动词和动词短语辨析。put up搭建；put in安装，强调的是将东西放入一个空间。根据“spent five hours”可知，考查“spend+时间+doing sth.”，表示“花费时间做某事”，排除A和C项；在墙上搭建架子用put up。故选B。 7．（24-25八年级上·四川泸州·期中）—Sun Yingsha won two gold medals and a silver medal at the Paris Olympics 2024. —She’s a great table tennis player. She spends much time ________ playing ping-pong. A．to practice B．practices C．practicing D．practiced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——孙颖莎在2024年巴黎奥运会上获得两枚金牌和一枚银牌。——她是一位出色的乒乓球运动员。她花了很多时间练习打乒乓球。 考查非谓语动词。根据“She spends much time …playing ping-pong.”可知，此处为固定短语spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，应用动名词形式。故选C。 8．（24-25八年级上·四川达州·期中）—My pet cat doesn’t feel like ________ for days. I’m worried about him. —You should do something to make him ________. Or his life will be in danger. A．to eat; eat B．eating; eat C．eating; to eat D．to eat; to eat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我的宠物猫好几天都不想吃东西了。我很担心他。——你应该做点什么让他吃。否则他的生命将处于危险之中。 考查非谓语动词。feel like doing sth.“想要做某事”，第一空要用动名词作宾语；make sb. do sth.“想要某人做某事”，第二空要用省略to的不定式作宾补。故选B。 9．（23-24八年级上·江西吉安·期中）Yoga is my favorite sport and I often practice it ________ healthy. A．keeping B．kept C．to keep D．keeps 【答案】C 【详解】句意：瑜伽是我最喜欢的运动，我经常练习它来保持健康。 考查非谓语动词。keep保持。结合句意，我经常练瑜伽的目的是保持健康，因此用动词不定式作目的状语，故选C。 10．（23-24八年级上·甘肃酒泉·期中）We have worked here for half ________ hour. Let’s stop ________ a rest. A．a; having B．an; to have C．/; to have D．the; having 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们在这里已经工作了半个小时。我们停下来休息一下吧。 考查冠词及非谓语动词。half an hour是固定搭配，表示“半个小时”；固定短语stop to do sth表示“停下来去做某事”，这里指的是停下来去休息。故选B。 11．（24-25八年级上·天津红桥·期中）We should do what we can ________ the people in trouble. A．help B．to help C．helping D．to helping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该尽我们所能去帮助那些处于困境中的人。 考查动词不定式的用法。根据“We should do what we can...”可知，指的是我们应该做我们能做的（事情）去帮助别人，“what we can”作“do”的宾语，此处需要填动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 12．（24-25八年级上·天津和平·期中）Jack trained hard ________ his listening and speaking. A．improve B．to improve C．improving D．improved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杰克努力训练以提高他的听力和口语。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据“Jack trained hard”可知，训练的目的是提高听力和口语，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。   13．（24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期中）________ ourselves safe from danger, we must wear helmets when riding electric bikes. A．Keep B．Kept C．Keeping D．To keep 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了确保我们免受危险，我们必须在骑电动自行车时佩戴头盔。 考查非谓语动词。根据“... ourselves safe from danger, we must wear helmets when riding electric bikes.”可知骑电动自行车时戴头盔是为了保护自己免受危险，用动词不定式作目的状语，因此用To keep。故选D。 14．（24-25八年级上·安徽合肥·期中）Teachers in Shouchun Middle School always do what they can ______ us. I am deeply moved. A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help 【答案】D 【详解】句意：寿春中学的老师总是尽他们所能帮助我们。我深深地感动了。 考查非谓语动词。根据“do what they can … us”可知，尽他们所能是为了帮助我们，用动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。 15．（24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）—  ________ the DIY, he read instructions first. — That’s a good way. A．Complete B．Completing C．Completed D．To complete 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——为了完成DIY，他首先阅读了说明书。——那是一个很好的方式。 考查非谓语动词。根据分析句子结构可知，此处需要一个动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。 二、完成句子：根据句意在空格处填入一个合适的单词或者用括号所给单词的正确形式填空 1. （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期中）Through great efforts, the athlete reached the final and had a half chance of (win) the match. 【答案】winning 【详解】句意：经过努力，这位运动员进入了决赛，有一半的机会赢得比赛。of是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填winning。 2. （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中）Students are having a good time (take) photos for each other during the school trip. 【答案】taking 【详解】句意：学生们在修学旅行期间互相拍照留念，玩得很开心。have a good time doing sth“做某事很开心”，故填taking。 3. （23-24七年级上·山东烟台·期中）They made a fire （keep）warm. 【答案】to keep 【详解】句意：他们生火保暖。“made a fire”的目的是“keep warm”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故填to keep。 4. （23-24八年级上·山东德州·期中）They practise hard (beat) the other team in the final match. 【答案】to beat 【详解】句意：他们为了在决赛击败另一支队伍而努力练习。根据“practise hard”可知，努力练习是为了击败对手，因此后面应接不定式“to beat”表示目的。故填to beat。 5. （23-24八年级上·山东潍坊·期中）Let’s find out what else we can do (save) as many animals as possible. 【答案】to save 【详解】句意：让我们看看我们还能做些什么来拯救尽可能多的动物。根据“Let’s find out what else we can do...as many animals as possible.”可知此处指做些什么来拯救尽可能多的动物，需填动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to save。 6. （23-24八年级上·吉林·期中） (improve) my English, I practice listening to tapes every morning. 【答案】To improve 【详解】句意：为了提高我的英语，我每天早上听磁带练习。“听磁带”是为了“提高英语”，空处需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To improve。 7. （24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）You never know how much time I spent (finish) the hard work last night. Six hours! 【答案】finishing 【详解】句意：你永远不知道昨晚我花了多少时间完成这项艰苦的工作。六个小时！spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，所以空处用动词-ing形式。故填finishing。 8. （24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中）He spent as much time as he could (practise) badminton. 【答案】practising 【详解】句意：他尽可能多的花时间练习羽毛球。根据分析句子“He spent as much time as he could…badminton.”，结合所给词可知，practise“练习”，动词原形，此处考查：spent time doing sth，固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”符合句意，所以此处应该填入practise的动名词形式practising，作宾语。故填practising。 9. （24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中）Amy can always listen to me carefully and keep on (offer) me help when I need. 【答案】offering 【详解】句意：艾米总是能认真地听我说话，并在我需要的时候不断地提供帮助。offer“提供”，动词，keep on doing sth“一直做某事”。故填offering。 10. （23-24八年级上·安徽合肥·期中）The doctor did what he could (help) the girl who was badly hurt in the accident. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：医生尽力帮助在事故中受重伤的那个女孩。根据“The doctor did what he could...the girl who was badly hurt in the accident.”和提示词汇可知，医生尽他所能做的事情的目的是帮助在事故中受伤的那个女孩，空处需填“不定式to+动词原形”，作目的状语，help“帮助”，动词。故填to help。 11. （23-24八年级上·重庆九龙坡·期中）We’ll try our best (win) the competition. 【答案】to win 【详解】句意：我们将尽最大努力赢得比赛。try one’s best to do sth“尽某人最大努力做某事”，空处应填动词不定式，故填to win。 12. （23-24八年级上·辽宁阜新·期中）We are thinking about what we can do (help) the students in the poor villages. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：我们正在考虑我们能做些什么来帮助贫困村庄的学生。help“帮助”，根据“the students in the poor villages.”可知，此处填不定式作目的状语。故填to help。 13. （24-25八年级上·山东潍坊·期中）You should do what you can (help) your brother with his study. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：你应该尽你所能帮助你弟弟学习。根据题干可知，“尽你所能”是为了“帮助你弟弟学习”，应用动词不定式表目的，故填to help。 14. （24-25八年级上·安徽合肥·期中） (raise) money for the old, she decided to have a book sale. （单词适当形式） 【答案】To raise 【详解】句意：为了给老人筹钱，她决定举行图书售卖会。raise“筹集”，动词原形，根据“she decided to have a book sale.”可知，是为了给老人筹钱，用不定式作目的状语。故填To raise。 15. （24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中） (make) the earth greener, people should plant more trees. 【答案】To make 【详解】句意：为了让地球更绿，人们应该种植更多的树木。根据“the earth greener, people should plant more trees.”可知，人们种树是为了让地球更绿，所以此处需要用不定式短语作目的状语。故填To make。 三、选词填空 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·湖北黄冈·开学考试）阅读短文，从方框中选出正确的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 book  question  thank  Chinese  right  interest  feel  but  hard  finish There’s a boy. He’s not good at 1 . He doesn’t like this subject and he isn’t 2 in at all. But his mother thinks he just doesn’t study 3 at school. So she makes some rules for him. The boy has to 4 his homework before he plays outside. He can only watch TV on the weekend. And he must read two 5 from the library every week. The boy isn’t happy about these new rules. 6 his mother is very strict. He has to follow them. One day, the boy has his class. His teacher asks the students a 7 . No one knows the answer. At this time, he raises (举起) his hand and then gives the 8 answer. The teacher and all his classmates are surprised (惊讶). The boy can answer this difficult question. The boy 9 surprised, too. He finds that the answer comes from the books in the library. When he gets home, he says, “Mom, 10 for your rules. I think it’s important to follow them.” 【答案】 1. Chinese 2. interested 3. hard 4. finish 5. books 6. But 7. question 8. right 9. feels 10. thanks 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个男孩的妈妈为了让男孩好好学习，为他制定了一些规则，起初这个男孩不喜欢这个规则，后来发现妈妈制定的这些规则很有用。 1. 句意：他不擅长语文。根据“He doesn’t like this subject”可知，不擅长某个学科，备选词Chinese“语文”符合，故填Chinese。 2. 句意：他不喜欢这门课，对它一点也不感兴趣。根据“He doesn’t like this subject and he isn’t … in at all”可知，对这门学科一点也不感兴趣，be interested in“对……感兴趣”，故填interested。 3. 句意：但是他妈妈认为他只是在学校学习不努力。根据“But his mother thinks he just doesn’t study … at school.”可知，认为他在学校没有努力学习，study hard“努力学习”，故填hard。 4. 句意：这个男孩在出去玩之前必须完成作业。根据“The boy has to … his homework before he plays outside”可知，要先完成作业，finish“完成”，has to do sth“必须做某事”，故填finish。 5. 句意：他必须每周从图书馆读两本书。根据“read two”及备选词可知，此处指读书，根据two可知，此空应填复数形式，故填books。 6. 句意：但是他的妈妈非常严厉。“his mother is very strict”与前文是转折关系，应填but，故填But。 7. 句意：他的老师问学生一个问题。根据“His teacher asks the students a”可知，老师问了学生一个问题，question“问题”，根据a可知，此空应填单数形式，故填question。 8. 句意：这时，他举手，然后给出正确的答案。根据“The boy can answer this difficult question”及备选词可知，给出了这个问题的正确答案，right“正确的”，故填right。 9. 句意：男孩也感到惊讶。此空缺少谓语动词，同时这个谓语动词后可接形容词作表语，备选词feel“感觉”，是感官动词，符合语法。此句是一般现在时，主语是单数，动词用三单，故填feels。 10. 句意：妈妈，谢谢你的规矩。根据“for your rules”及备选词可知，男孩向妈妈表示感谢，故填thanks。 Passage 2 （20-21八年级上·四川成都·期末）从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺(每词限用一次)。 common, discuss, even, high, if, low, make, physics, point, probable, so, such Recently, people have had a hot 1 about the decision to make eyesight(视力) as part of high school entrance exam(中考). Students in the city of Changzhi, Shanxi province will be tested on their “ 2 health”, including eyesight. Those who don’t get the “normal” eyesight will not get the full five 3 in their high school entrance exam. “In recent years, I have found that the No. 1 problem is poor eyesight. What makes this so terrible is that the students don’t wear glasses. They 4 hate to say they have this problem. But how can you learn 5 you can’t see well?” says Alexander, an American expert in China. However, some people have different views. They believe that some environmental problems have something to do with the eyesight. Eye illness, accidental injury (受伤) and improper use of eyes can also make eyesight poor . Each of these should be thought about before 6 this decision. Here is what I think. First, why some students have shortsightedness is that their parents have. Second, some being shortsighted is 7 a result of hard work. If those who work has get 8 scores than those who do not, tell me where fairness(公平) is? Third, rich families can afford expensive treatment of shortsightedness while 9 families cannot, just feel so sad for students nowadays, for they are already under 10 heavy stress from the competitive environment. 【答案】 1. discussion 2. physical 3. points 4. even 5. if 6. making 7. probably 8. lower 9. common 10. much 【分析】本文就将视力作为中考的一部分而发表了不同人的看法。 1. 句意：最近，人们对将视力作为中考的一部分的决定进行了热烈的讨论。根据“a hot”及备选词可知，此处表示热烈的讨论，用discuss的名词discussion“讨论”，故填discussion。 2. 句意：山西省长治市的学生将接受“身体健康”测试，包括视力。根据“including eyesight”及备选词可知，要接受“身体健康”测视，备选词physic的形容词physical“身体的”符合，故填physical。 3. 句意：那些视力不“正常”的人在中考时是拿不到5分的。根据“get the full five…in their high school entrance exam”及备选词可知，此处指分数，five修饰名词的复数形式，故填points。 4. 句意：他们甚至不愿意说自己有这个问题。根据“They … hate to say they have this problem”及备选词可知，甚至都不愿意说自己有视力问题，故填even。 5. 句意：但是如果你看不清楚，你怎么能学习呢？根据“But how can you learn…you can’t see well”可知，后文是条件关系，如果看不见又如何能学习，故填if。 6. 句意：在做出这个决定之前，应该考虑每一个因素。根据“this decision”及备选词可知，此处表示“做决定”，英文表达为make a decision，before是介词，后接动名词，故填making。 7. 句意：其次，一些近视的人可能是努力工作的结果。根据“Here is what I think”可知，这些原因只是作者的猜测，故此空应填probably表示“可能地”，故填probably。 8. 句意：如果那些学习的人得分比那些不学习的人低，告诉我公平在哪里？根据“If those who work has get … scores than those who do not, tell me where fairness(公平) is”及备选词可知，如果努力学习的人比不学习的人取得更低的分数，作者都觉得不公平，结合“than”可知，此空应填形容词比较级lower“更低的”，故填lower。 9. 句意：第三，富裕家庭能负担得起昂贵的近视治疗，而贫困家庭则负担不起。while在这里是转折关系，此空与rich应是意思相反的词语，故填poor。 10. 句意：因为他们已经承受了来自竞争环境的巨大压力。此空缺少形容词修饰不可数名词stress，备选词much符合，故填much。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·河南驻马店·阶段练习）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空， 使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 enjoyable  they  to  cold  two  how  beach  be  swim  as We all know that swimming is a good way 1 exercise. But do you know open water swimming? It means swimming in the sea, a river or a lake. Open water swimming is 2 , but there is a lot more to think about. It’s very important to know 3 to keep safe in the water. Most swimming pools make sure that the water is comfortable (舒适的) enough for people to get into. However, in open water swimming, the water is often much 4 than swimming in the pool even in summer. It’s not the same 5 swimming in the pool. So many people like to wear a wetsuit (潜水衣) to help keep 6 warm. If you want to swim in the open water, here 7 some rules for you to follow. First, choose (选择) a safe place. You can ask the workers there and they can tell you the safest place. 8 , never swim by yourself. Always have an adult (成人) swimmer beside you: Third, wear a bright swimming cap. It can help people find you easily if something dangerous happens (发生). Fourth, don’t swim too far and stay close to the river or the 9 it you are in the sea. Remember all these rules and you can have a great time 10 in the open water. 【答案】 1. to 2. enjoyable 3. how 4. colder 5. as 6. them 7. are 8. Second 9. beach 10. swimming 【导语】本文是是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在开阔水域游泳需要遵守的规则。 1. 句意：我们都知道游泳是一种很好的锻炼方式。根据“swimming is a good way…exercise.”及备选词可知，此处应该表达游泳是一种很好的锻炼方式，a good way to do意为“做某事的好方法”，故填to。 2. 句意：公开水域游泳是令人愉快的，但还有更多要考虑的。根据“but there is a lot more to think about”及备选词可知，公开水域游泳是令人愉快的，enjoyable意为“令人愉快的”，形容词在句中作表语，故填enjoyable。 3. 句意：知道如何在水中保持安全是非常重要的。根据“to keep safe in the water.”及备选词可知，此处应该表达知道如何在水中保持安全是非常重要的，用“how+不定式”作宾语。故填how。 4. 句意：然而，在公开水域游泳，即使在夏天，水往往比在游泳池游泳冷得多。根据“in open water swimming, the water is often much...than swimming in the pool even in summer”及备选词可知，在公开水域游泳，水往往比在游泳池游泳冷得多，此处应该填入形容词比较级，cold的比较级colder，意为“更冷的”符合语境 。故填colder。 5. 句意：这和在游泳池游泳不一样。根据“It’s not the same…swimming in the pool.”及备选词可知，此处指的是和在游泳池游泳不一样，not the same as意为“……与……不一样”。故填as。 6. 句意：所以很多人喜欢穿潜水服来帮助保暖。根据“So many people like to wear a wetsuit (潜水衣) to help keep…warm.”及备选词可知，此处应该指的是穿潜水服来帮助他们保暖，主语是many people，所以此处应该用they的宾格人称代词，作keep的宾语。故填them。 7. 句意：如果你想在公开水域游泳，这里有一些规则供你遵循。根据语境可知，时态为一般现在时，又根据“here…some rules for you to follow.”及备选词可知，此处考查句型“here+be+名词+其他”，意为“这里有……”，主语为rules是可数名词复数，所以此处应该填are。故填are。 8. 句意：第二，千万不要自己游泳。根据前后文“First…Third…Fourth”及备选词可知，此处应该填入two的序数词形式second，意为“第二”符合语境，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Second。 9. 句意：第四，不要游得太远，如果你在海里，要靠近河流或海滩。根据“stay close to the river or the…it you are in the sea.”及备选词可知，此处应该指的是要靠近河流或海滩，beach，可数名词，意为“沙滩”符合语境，此处应该用单数形式。故填beach。 10. 句意：记住所有这些规则，你就可以在公开水域享受游泳的美好时光。根据“have a great time”及备选词可知，此处应该表达你就可以在公开水域享受游泳的美好时光，have a great time doing sth.，固定搭配，意为“享受……的美好时光”，swim，动词，此处应该填入动名词形式swimming。故填swimming。 Passage 4 （22-23八年级上·河南南阳·期末）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 home   need   you   so   fast   follow   safe   teacher   as   tell Dear Amy, How is everything going? I’m very glad to receive(收到) your e-mail. You 1 me the school rules in your school in the last e-mail. Now I want to tell you the rules about mine. Firstly, everyone 2 to wear school uniforms(校服) and get to school on time. Next, 3 middle school students, the most important thing is to learn, we should study hard and finish homework in time. Thirdly, we should treat our school like our 4 and protect the environment(环境). 5 we must clean the classroom every day. Fourthly, we should put up hands when we want to answer the 6 questions in class. Finally, we mustn’t run 7 and play in school hallways(走廊). It can be dangerous. As the saying goes, “A nation has ills rule and a family also has one!” we should obey(遵守) the school rules. Only by 8 these school rules, we can make our school life better and 9 . What do you think of the school rules in my school? I am waiting for 10 reply(回复). Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 1. told 2. needs 3. as 4. home 5. So 6. teachers’ 7. fast 8. following 9. safer 10. your 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了李华学校的一些规则。 1. 句意：在上一封邮件中，你跟我说了你们学校的规则。根据后文“Now I want to tell you the rules about mine.”可知，此处是告诉Amy自己学校的规则，句中提到是在上一封邮件中，所以要用过去式。tell的过去式为told。故填told。 2. 句意：首先，每个人都需要穿校服，准时到校。横线处缺少谓语动词，need to do sth.需要做某事，everyone作主语，谓语动词用三单形式。故填needs。 3. 句意：其次，作为中学生，最重要的事情就是学习，我们应该努力学习，及时完成作业。横线后为名词，前面填介词as，表示“作为”。故填as。 4. 句意：第三，我们应该像对待家一样来对待学校，保护环境。our（我们的）后接名词，home（家）符合语境。故填home。 5. 句意：因此，我们必须每天打扫教室。分析语境可知，此处说的是“我们把学校当成家”的结果，填连词so。位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填So。 6. 句意：第四，当我们在课堂上想回答老师们的问题时，我们应该举手。横线后为名词，前面应该用形容词或者名词所有格，在课上肯定是回答老师的问题，并且不止一位老师，teachers’表示“老师们的”符合语境。故填teachers’。 7. 句意：最后，我们不能跑快和在走廊里玩耍。run为动词，应用副词修饰，fast“快”符合语境。故填fast。 8. 句意：只有遵守这些校规，我们才能让我们的学校生活更加美好和安全。根据前文“we should obey(遵守) the school rules”可知，是遵守规则。by是介词，后面接动名词，follow的动名词形式为following。故填following。 9. 句意：只有遵守这些校规，我们才能让我们的学校生活更加美好和安全。and连接两个并列的成分，better为形容词比较级，横线处也要填形容词比较级。safe安全的，其比较级形式为safer。故填safer。 10. 句意：我期待你的回复。此处表达的是希望收到对方的回复，且横线后为名词，前面要用形容词性物主代词，you的形容词性物主代词为your。故填your。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （21-22八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）六、根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空使短文完整。 It’s early in the morning and the alarm clock is ringing for many times. It’s 1 （possible）for you to get out of your bed because you want to sleep longer. And then you have to rush to school, afraid of missing the 2 （one）school bell. As a school student, this is probably a common experience（经历）for you. But now the new school year brings new changes. New rules（规定）are 3 （help）to reduce pressure（减轻压力）on China’s primary and middle school students.They will have more time to enjoy 4 （they）after school. The first piece of good news 5 （be）that there will be 6 （few）exams than before! First and second graders in primary schools will not have 7 （some）written exams. Junior school students will have mid-terms and final exams, but no 8 （week）or monthly tests. More students will stay with their parents instead of 9 （go）home with their grandparents. This is because primary and middle schools need 10 （offer）an after-class service（服务）. It’s called the 5+2 service. Schools will offer the service at least five days a week for two hours a day. Students can stay at school until their parents get off work. 【答案】 1. impossible 2. first 3. helpful 4. themselves 5. is 6. fewer 7. any 8. weekly 9. going 10. to offer 【导语】本文主要介绍了对中小学生减轻压力采取的措施。 1. 句意：你不可能从床上爬起来，因为你想多睡一会儿。possible“可能的”。根据“because you want to sleep longer”可知，因为你想多睡一会儿，所以不可能从床上爬起来，故应用impossible。故填impossible。 2. 句意：然后你必须赶着去学校，害怕错过第一次上课铃。one“一”。根据“the”和“school bell”可知，空格处表示“第一次上课铃”，“第一次”first，故应用one的序数词first。故填first。 3. 句意：新规定对于减轻中国中小学生的压力是有帮助的。help“帮助”。根据“New rules（规定）are”和“to reduce pressure（减轻压力）on China’s primary and middle school students”可知，新规定对于减轻中国中小学生的压力是有帮助的，故空格处应用形容词“有帮助的”helpful。故填helpful。 4. 句意：他们将在放学后有更多的时间玩。they“他们”。结合语境和“enjoy”可知，enjoy oneself“玩的愉快”，故此处应用they的反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 5. 句意：第一个好消息是考试将比以前更少。be“是”。分析句子成分可知，空格处应用一个谓语动词，根据“The first piece of good news”可知，句子主语为单数，故应用is。故填is。 6. 句意：第一个好消息是考试将比以前更少。few少的。根据“than before”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级fewer。故填fewer。 7. 句意：小学一、二年级的学生将没有笔试。some“一些”。结合语境和“not”可知，这句话为否定句，故此时应用any。故填any。 8. 句意：初中生将有期中和期末考试，但没有周考和月考。week“周”。根据“or monthly tests”可知，并列连词or连接两个形容词，故空格处应用weekly，weekly tests“周考”。故填weekly。 9. 句意：更多的学生将和他们的父母住在一起，而不是回家和祖父母在一起。go“走，去”。根据“of”可知，空格处应用动名词作宾语，故应填going。故填going。 10. 句意：这是因为中小学需要提供课后服务。offer“提供”。根据“need”可知，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，故空格处应用to offer。故填to offer。 Passage 2 （22-23八年级上·山东青岛·期中）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Smartphones are important in our daily life. However, to protect 1 (students) eyesight and make sure they work hard at their studies, primary (初级的) and middle schools will have more 2 (rule) in order to stop students from using mobile phones 3 school. The Ministry of Education made a rule 4 January 2021. It stops primary and middle school students from 5 (carry) mobile phones to school. If students have to take 6 (his) phones to school, they must get their parents’ and teachers’ approval (允许) and they must hand their phones over during class time. Zhang Feng is a middle school teacher in Beijing. Every classroom in her school has a big box to store students’ phones 7 class. “Before the new rule was made, many students spent much time playing with their 8 (phone). Spending too much time on the phone is bad for 9 (they) to study their subject.” she said. Many parents don’t allow their kids to take mobile phones to school. But Wang Dan, a mother from Shanghai does 10 (different). She allows her daughter to take her phone to school. Wang said it’s more important to develop good habits of phone usage. 【答案】 1. students’ 2. rules 3. at 4. in 5. carrying 6. their 7. during/in 8. phones 9. them 10. differently 【导语】本文主要介绍了关于学生在校使用手机的一些规定以及老师和家长的观点。 1. 句意：然而，为了保护学生的视力并确保他们努力学习，中小学将有更多的规定来阻止学生在学校使用手机。设空处需使用所有格形式修饰其后名词eyesight，sutdents以s结尾，名词所有格直接加’。故填students’。 2. 句意：然而，为了保护学生的视力并确保他们努力学习，中小学将有更多的规定来阻止学生在学校使用手机。rule“规则；规定”，可数名词，设空处前有修饰词more，所以使用复数形式，规则变化直接加s。故填rules。 3. 句意：然而，为了保护学生的视力并确保他们努力学习，中小学将有更多的规定来阻止学生在学校使用手机。at school“在学校”，设空处缺少介词at。故填at。 4. 句意：教育部于2021年1月出台了一项规定。根据“...January 2021”可知，设空处需填写时间介词，因January为月份，所以介词使用in。故填in。 5. 句意：它禁止中小学生带手机去学校。carry“携带”，动词，此处作介词from宾语，需使用动名词形式。故填carrying。 6. 句意：如果学生不得不带他们的手机去学校，他们必须获得父母和老师的允许并且在上课期间交出手机。本句主语为students，所以设空处使用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”修饰其后名词phones。故填their。 7. 句意：她所在学校的每个教室都有一个大盒子，用来存放学生上课时的手机。during class/in class“上课期间”，设空处缺少介词。故填during/in。 8. 句意：在新规定出台之前，许多学生花费很多时间玩手机。their phone(s)与students相对应，所以使用phone的复数形式，规则变化直接加s。故填phones。 9. 句意：她说，花太多时间在手机上对他们的学习不利。设空处作介词for的宾语，所以使用they的宾格形式。故填them。 10. 句意：但是，来自上海的一位母亲王丹做法不同。设空处需使用副词形式修饰动词does，different的副词形式为differently。故填differently。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Travelling by subway can be quite an adventure (冒险). It’s hard to find your way in the space full 1 people. People run quickly to get a seat. And be 2 (care) of that girl who is holding a cup of hot coffee. To deal with these problems, all 3 (country) have made rules for subways to follow. The most common one is no eating 4 drinking on the subway. Many cities in the world have this rule. New York City has asked passengers 5 (take) off the backpacks on the subway. Also, passengers are told not to open 6 (they) legs wide enough to take up two or even three seats. There are some 7 (interest) rules, too. France 8 (suggest) that passengers shouldn’t play music too loud through headphones or stare (盯着) at women for 9 long time. New Delhi, the capital of India stops drunk people from 10 (take) the subway. Whether your city has the same rules or not, it’s always good to behave (举止) well on the subways. 【答案】 1. of 2. careful 3. countries 4. or 5. to take 6. their 7. interesting 8. suggests 9. a 10. taking 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了不同国家的一些乘坐地铁的规则。 1. 句意：在人山人海的空间里很难找到路。根据“full”可知，考查full of“充满”，为固定短语。故填of。 2. 句意：小心那个拿着热咖啡的女孩。根据“be…of”可知，考查be careful of“小心……”，为形容词短语。故填careful。 3. 句意：为了解决这些问题，所有国家都制定了地铁规则。根据“have made”可知，主语是复数，country“国家”，填复数形式，all countries表示“所有国家”，故填countries。 4. 句意：最常见的是在地铁上不准吃或者喝。no eating or drinking “禁止饮食”，设空处前后为选择关系，此处用 “or” 表示选择。 故填or。 5. 句意：纽约市已要求乘客在地铁上脱下背包。take off“脱下”，根据“New York City has asked passengers”可知，考查ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，因此填不定式。故填to take。 6. 句意：此外，乘客们被告知不要把腿张大到足以占据两个甚至三个座位的程度。根据“passengers are told not to open…legs wide enough”可知，此处指的是乘客们的腿，即“他们的”腿，填形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，修饰名词legs。 故填their。 7. 句意：也有一些有趣的规则。修饰名词“rules” 需要用形容词interesting“有趣的”，作定语。 故填interesting。 8. 句意：法国建议乘客不要戴耳机大声播放音乐，也不要长时间盯着女性看。suggest“建议”，该句是一般现在时，主语是“France”，因此动词填三单形式。故填suggests。 9. 句意：法国建议乘客不要戴耳机大声播放音乐，也不要长时间盯着女性看。for a long time“一长段时间”，为固定表达。故填a。 10. 句意：印度首都新德里禁止醉酒者乘坐地铁。take the subway“乘坐地铁”，根据“the capital of India stops drunk people from”可知，考查stop sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事” ，因此填动名词，故填taking。 2 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$