内容正文:
高考代词一轮复习
考点一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的使用规则
类别
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
反身代词
功能
作主语
作宾语、
表语等
作定语
作主语、表
语或宾语
作宾语、表语
或同位语
第一
人称
I(我)
me
my
mine
myself
we(我们)
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二
人称
you(你)
you
your
yours
yourself
you(你们)
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三
人称
he(他)
him
his
his
himself
she(她)
her
her
hers
herself
it(它)
it
its
its
itself
they(他们)
them
their
theirs
themselves
[温馨提示] 反身代词的习惯用法:
(1)与介词搭配:
by oneself独自地 for oneself亲自
of oneself自动地 in oneself 本质上;本身
(2)与动词搭配:
come to oneself 苏醒;恢复知觉
devote oneself to 致力于;献身于
behave oneself 举止得体;行为检点
apply oneself to 专心致志于
help oneself to 随便吃/用
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
make yourself at home 别客气
adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于
teach oneself 自学
speak to oneself 自言自语
think for oneself 独立思考
考点二 常见代词用法比较
1. every, both, all, either, any, neither, none用法辨析
全体都
every
每一
both
两者全都
all
三者及以上全都
全体中任一
either
两者任一
与not连用表全部否定
any
三者及以上任一
全体都不
neither
两者都不
表全部否定
none
三者及以上都不
2. one, it, that, those用法辨析
one
泛指同类事物
替代单数可数名词,复数为ones。
it
特指同一事物
替代单数可数名词,也可指代前面整个句子的内容。
that
特指同类事物
替代单数可数名词,同the one,或替代不可数名词,后接of结构。
those
特指同类事物
替代复数可数名词,同the ones,后接定语或接of结构。
3. other, another, others用法辨析
other
(两者之中)另一个或(三者以上)其余。one…the other表“两者中一个……另一个……”;还用于(数词+)other+复数名词。
another
作定语,后接单数名词,表“另一,又一”;还用于another+数词+复数名词。
others
表泛指,the others指“剩余全部”,常见形式some…(the) others。
4. many, much, some, any, (a) little, (a) few用法辨析
许多
many
修饰名词复数,谓语用复数。
much
修饰不可数名词,谓语用单数;作副词修饰比较级。
一些
some
修饰名词,常用于肯定句中。与复数名词或不可数名词连用,表“一些”;修饰单数名词,表“某一”;作副词,用于数词前,表“大约”。
any
修饰名词,用于否定句和疑问句中,与不可数名词或复数名词连用;用于肯定句中时,修饰单数名词,表“任一”;作副词修饰比较级。
少量
(a) little
修饰不可数名词,谓语用单数;作副词修饰比较级;not a little表“非常,很”,而not a bit表示“一点儿也不”。
(a) few
修饰名词复数,谓语用复数。
考点三 it的使用规则
1.it的基本用法
用法
例句
指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等。
It is early spring, but it is already hot.
现在是初春,但是天气已经很热了。
代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词。
That vase is valuable. It’s more than 200 years old.
那个花瓶很珍贵,它有200多年的历史。
指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)。
What will you call it if it is a boy?
要是男孩的话,你会给他取个什么名字?
2.it作形式主语或形式宾语
(1)it作形式主语的常用句型:
①It is a pity/shame that…真可惜……
②It is no wonder that…难怪……
③It seems/appears that…似乎/看来……
④It happens that…碰巧……
⑤It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb that…
某人突然想起……
⑥It is said/reported that…据说/据报道……
⑦It is certain that………是一定的。
⑧It is no use/good doing…做……没有用/好处。
(续表)
⑨It takes sb some time to do… 做……花费某人若干时间。
(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型:
①主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep…+it+adj./n.+for/of sb to do/that从句
②主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep…+it+useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy…+doing…
I.语境活用
1. Assisted by digital technologies, the ancient city wall in the Chinese city is showing (it) attractiveness in more diverse aspects.
2.The flowing water joins here to form it. On average, the evaporation there is more than 60 times of the annual rainfall.
3.Every house is connected to the other, making easy for local people to keep in touch with their neighbours.
4. is really inconvenient for me to meet you at the airport, for I’m too busy today.
5. Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear! It’s (I).”
6. During the rush hour, I have been looking for a taxi but haven’t found yet.
7.She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked and moved to Cambridge.
8.When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took (they) breath away with its exceptional beauty.
II.语法填空
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar 1. (term). Among them, the Waking of Insects (惊蛰) signals a rise in temperature and increased rainfall. As the third solar term in the solar year, its name refers to the fact that animals sleeping in winter 2. (wake) by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life.
The Waking of Insects is an 3. (extreme) important time for farmers and is widely seen as the beginning of the 4. (busy) time for agricultural work. During this period, most parts of China experience the quickest rise in temperatures, with the average level 5. (reach) above 10 degrees Celsius, and there is a marked increase in sunshine, 6. provides good natural conditions for farming.
According to 7. ancient Chinese folk story, a white tiger is the creature that brings quarrels. It always begins hunting during the Waking of Insects, and sometimes bites people. It is said that those 8. (bite) by the white tiger will encounter evil persons in their life that bring bad luck. Therefore, people offer foods and fruits 9. the white tiger during the Waking of Insects to protect 10. (they).
Ⅰ.1.its 考查代词。此处修饰名词attractiveness,应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
2.that 考查代词。根据语境可知,上文the evaporation there指该地的蒸发量(水),空白处在句中指该地的降水量(水),表示同一含义,但内容为不同物,为了避免重复,所以用代词that,指代同类异物。故填that。
3.it 考查代词。分析句子可知,此空在句中作形式宾语,真正的宾语为后文的to keep in touch with their neighbours,故应用it作形式宾语,故填it。
4.It 考查代词。此处it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语,故填It。
5.mine/me 考查代词。根据语境可知,空前的it如果指代suitcase,那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词mine,表示“那个箱子是我的”;如果it指前面的anyone,那么此空需要用I的宾格形式me,表示“是我在上一站丢失了手提箱”。
6.one 考查代词。本空用one代替a taxi,表示泛指,以避免重复。
7.neither 考查代词。句意:她在伦敦和曼彻斯特都住过,可是这两座城市她都不喜欢,她搬到剑桥去了。根据句意可知用neither表示“两者都不”。
8.their 考查代词。句意:火车到站后,他们乘出租车来到路易丝湖,那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽,令他们惊叹不已。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语修饰名词breath。故填their。
Ⅱ.本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是中国24节气之一的惊蛰。
1.terms 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,此处为名词作宾语,根据空前24 solar可知,此处应为名词复数。故填terms。
2.are woken 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为从句谓语动词,根据其后面句子“…that the earth begins to come back to life.”中的谓语动词begins可知,此处应使用一般现在时,且wake与从句主语之间为被动关系,从句主语animals为复数名词。故填are woken。
3.extremely 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处为副词作状语修饰形容词important,extreme的副词形式为extremely,意为“极其”,符合句意。故填extremely。
4.busiest 考查形容词最高级。分析句子结构可知,此处为形容词作定语,修饰time,结合句意以及定冠词the可知,此处应使用形容词的最高级形式。故填busiest。
5.reaching 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语,reach与宾语the average level之间为主动关系,所以使用现在分词形式。故填reaching。
6.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以使用关系代词,先行词sunshine指物,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
7.an 考查冠词。story为可数名词单数,其前需要有限定词,结合句意可知,此处表示泛指,所以使用不定冠词,空后的ancient的首字母发音为元音音素。故填an。
8.bitten 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作定语,bite与所修饰词those之间为被动关系,所以使用过去分词形式。故填bitten。
9.to 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处为固定短语offer …to…,意为“给……提供……”。故填to。
10.themselves 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处为protect的宾语,且句子主语和宾语指的是同一人,所以应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
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