2025年仁爱科普版英语九年级暑假巩固复习——形容词、副词比较等级

形容词和副词的比较等级 一、 形容词和副词比较等级知识要点 1. 基本概念 原级 (Positive Degree):形容词或副词的基本形式。用于描述事物的基本性质或状态,不进 行比较。 This book is interesting. (形容词原级) She runs fast. (副词原级) 比较级 (Comparative Degree):用于比较两者(人或事物)。表示“更...”、“较...”。 This book is more interesting than that one. (形容词比较级) She runs faster than me. (副词比较级) 最高级 (Superlative Degree):用于比较三者或三者以上。表示“最...”。 This is the most interesting book I have ever read. (形容词最高级) She runs (the) fastest in her class. (副词最高级the常可省略) 2. 比较级和最高级的构成规则 规则类别 形容词/副词原级 比较级构成 最高级构成 例词 (原级 比较级最高级构成 最高级) 规则变化 1 单音节词 + -er + -est tall taller tallest fast faster fastest 规则变化 2 以-e结尾 + -r + -st large larger largest late later latest 规则变化 3 辅音字母+y结尾 变y为 i + -er 变y为 i + -est happy happier happiest busy busier busiest early earlier earliest 规则变化 4 重读闭音节结尾(辅元辅) 双写末尾辅音字母 + -er 双写末尾辅音字母 + -est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest thin thinner thinnest 规则变化 5 双音节及多音节词 more+原级 most +原级 careful more careful most careful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 重要说明: 1. 双音节词的复杂性:部分双音节词两种变化方式都可能(如 clever, common, handsome, polite, quiet, simple),常用 more/most形式更稳妥。以 -y, -er, -ow, -le 结尾的双音节词常加 -er/-est (如 happy, clever, narrow, simple`)。 2. 副词的比较等级:规则变化与形容词相同(尤其以 -ly 结尾的副词通常用 more/most)。注意 early (-y 结尾) 和 fast/hard/late (单音节) 的变化。 3. farther/further 和 farthest/furthest:farther/farthest 多指物理距离上的更远/最远。further/furthest 可指物理距离,也可指抽象意义上的“进一步/更深层次”。 4. elder/eldest vs older/oldest:elder/eldest 主要用于表示家庭成员的长幼顺序 (作定语:my elder brother/sister; the eldest child)。older/oldest 用于比较年龄大小或事物的新旧,使用范围更广,可作定语或表语 (He is older than me. This is the oldest building in town.)。 3. 比较等级的基本句型结构 (1) 原级比较 (as...as ,not as / so...as) 肯定句:A + be动词/实义动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + B (表示A和B一样...) Tom is as tall as Mike. (Tom和Mike一样高。) She sings as beautifully as her sister. (她唱得和她姐姐一样好听。) 否定句:A + be动词/实义动词 + not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + B (表示A不如B...) This book is not as interesting as that one. (这本书不如那本有趣。) He doesn't run as fast as I do. (他跑得不如我快。) 倍数表达:... times + as + 原级 + as ... This room is twice as large as that one. (这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。) She earns three times as much as I do. (她赚的钱是我的三倍。) (2) 比较级比较 (than) 基本结构:A + be动词/实义动词 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than + B (表示A比B更...) China is larger than Japan. (中国比日本大。) He works harder than before. (他比以前工作更努力了。) 比较级修饰语 (表示程度):much, a lot, far, even, still, a little, a bit, slightly 等可放在比 较级前加强或减弱语气。 This problem is much more difficult. (这个问题难得多。) She is a little taller than me. (她比我高一点点。) You need to be even more careful. (你需要更加小心。) “Which/Who is + 比较级, A or B?”** (用于两者之间的选择) Which is bigger, the sun or the moon? (太阳和月亮,哪个更大?) Who runs faster, Tom or Jerry? (Tom和Jerry,谁跑得更快?) “比较级 + and + 比较级” (表示“越来越...”) The weather is getting colder and colder. (天气变得越来越冷。) She speaks English more and more fluently. (她英语说得越来越流利。) “the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...” (表示“越...就越...”) The more you practice, the better you will speak. (你练习得越多,说得就越好。) The earlier you start, the sooner you will finish. (你开始得越早,完成得就越快。) (3) 最高级比较 (in/of...) 基本结构:A + be动词/实义动词 + the + 形容词最高级 + (比较范围) 比较范围: in + 集体/场所 (在...中) 或 of/among + 个体复数 (在...之中) Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. (珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。 in + 场所) Tom is the tallest (student) of the three boys / among the three boys. (Tom是这三个男孩中最高的。 of/among + 个体复数) She runs (the) fastest in her class. (她在班里跑得最快。副词最高级常省略 the ) 序数词修饰最高级: the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. (黄河是中国第二长的河流。) “one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词” (表示“最...之一”) Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world. (北京是世界上最大的城市之一。) 4. 重要注意事项 1. 避免重复比较: 一个形容词或副词只能用一种方式构成比较级或最高级,不能同时用 -er和 more,或 -est 和`most。 This book is more better than that one. (错!better 本身已是比较级) This book is better than that one. 2. 比较对象要一致: 比较的两部分必须是同类可比的事物。 The weather in Beijing is colder than Shanghai. (天气 vs 城市?) The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. (用 that代替 the weather 避免重 复) The weather in Beijing is colder than the weather in Shanghai. 3. than 后的代词: 在非正式口语中than 后用宾格代词 (me, him, her, us, them) 很常见。但在正式写作或当 than 后代词作主语时,用主格 (I, he, she, we, they) 更规范,后面常跟助动词。 口语/非正式:She is taller than me. 正式/规范:She is taller than I (am). 比较动作:He runs faster than she does. 4. 最高级的 the: 形容词最高级前必须加 the。副词最高级前的 the可以省略。 5. any other + 单数名词:在包含自身的比较范围内,用 any other + 单数名词表示比其他任何一个都... (即自身是最高)。 China is larger than any other country in Asia. (中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大) China is larger than any country in Asia. (错!这包含了中国自己,逻辑错误) 二、 形容词和副词比较等级专项练习 练习一:写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级形式 1. tall _ _ 2. nice _ _ 3. big _ _ 4. heavy _ _ 5. happy _ _ 6. careful _ _ 7. good _ _ 8. bad _ _ 9. many/much _ _ 10. little _ _ 11. far _ / _ _ / _ 12. early _ _ 13. fast _ _ 14. well (adv.) _ _ 15. badly _ _ 练习二:用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 (原级、比较级或最高级) 1. This box is _ (heavy) than that one. 2. Lucy is _ (tall) girl in our class. 3. He speaks English _ (fluent) than his brother. 4. Which is _ (large), China or Canada? 5. This is _ (interesting) book I've ever read. 6. The weather today is _ (bad) than yesterday. 7. We need _ (much) water to fill the bottle. 8. She works _ (hard) than anyone else in the office. 9. The _ (early) you get up, the _ (much) work you can do. 10. Among all the students, Tom did _ (well) in the exam. 11. My sister is two years _ (old) than me. 12. This street is _ (crowded) than it was last year. 13. I feel _ (good) today than I did yesterday. 14. This problem is _ (little) difficult than that one. 15. Of the two routes, this one is _ (far). 练习三:选择正确的选项填空 1. This dress is _ that one. A. as beautiful as B. more beautiful as C.beautifuler than 2. He runs _ in his team. A. the fastest B. the most fast C.faster 3. The _ you study, the _ you will learn. A. more... many B. more... more C. much... much 4. This story is _ than the one you told me. A. far interesting B. far more interesting C. interestinger 5. Which is _ river in the world? A. the longest B. the longer C. longest 6. Her room is _ than mine. A. a bit tidy B. a bit tidier C. tidier a bit 7. I have _ books than you. A. less B. fewer C. few 8. Shanghai is one of _ cities in China. A. the most large B. the largest C. the larger 9. He doesn't sing _ his sister. A. so good as B. as well as C. as better as 10. Things are getting _. A. bad and bad B. worse and worse C. more and more bad 练习四:句型转换 1. Tom is 1.7m tall. Mike is 1.75m tall. (合并为一句,Mike开头) Mike is _ Tom. 2. No other student in the class is as clever as Lily. (改为最高级) Lily is _ student in the class. 3. This exercise is easier than that one. (改为同义句,用not as...as) That exercise is _ this one. 4. China has a larger population than India. (改为同义句,用原级比较) India _ China. 5. The film was very boring. I have never seen a more boring film. (合并为一句,用最高级) This is _ I have ever seen. 6. He works hard. His brother works harder. (合并为一句,用比较级) His brother _ he does. 7. If you eat more vegetables, you will be healthier. (用 The more... the more... 结构) _ vegetables you eat, _ you will be. 8. She is getting more and more beautiful. (用 increasingly 改写,保持原意) She is becoming _. 练习五:改错 (每句有一处错误,找出并改正) 1. This pencil is more longer than that one. 2. He is the most tallest boy in his family. 3. My house is cleaner as yours. 4. Who is the oldest, your father or your mother? 5. The weather in Harbin is colder than Beijing. 6. This bag is less heavier than that one. 7. She sings more better than me. 8. The Nile is longer than any river in Africa. 9. He arrived later than me yesterday. 10. This is a most interesting story. 参考答案 练习一: 1. taller, tallest 2. nicer, nicest 3. bigger, biggest 4. heavier, heaviest 5. happier, happiest 6. more careful, most careful 7. better, best 8. worse, worst 9. more, most 10. less, least 11. farther/further, farthest/furthest 12. earlier, earliest 13. faster, fastest 14. better, best 15. worse, worst 练习二: 1. heavier 2. the tallest 3. more fluently 4. larger 5. the most interesting 6. worse 7. more 8. harder 9. earlier, more 10. (the) best 11. older 12. more crowded 13. better 14. less 15. farther/further 练习三: 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. B 练习四: 1. Mike is taller than Tom. (或 Mike is 0.05m taller than Tom.) 2. Lily is the cleverest student in the class. 3. That exercise is not as easy as this one. 4. India doesn't have as large a population as China. (或 India has a smaller population than China.) 5. This is the most boring film I have ever seen. 6. His brother works harder than he does. 7. The more vegetables you eat, the healthier you will be. 8. She is becoming increasingly beautiful. 练习五: 1. more longer longer (去掉more,long单音节加-er) 2. the most tallest the tallest (最高级只用一种形式,tall加-est) 3. cleaner as cleaner than (比较级用than) 4. the oldest older (两者比较用比较级) 5. than Beijing than that in Beijing或than Beijing's (比较对象一致:天气 vs 天气) 6. less heavier less heavy (less修饰原级) 或 lighter (用反义词比较级) 7. more better better (better本身已是比较级) 8. any river any other river (尼罗河本身在非洲,需排除自身) 9. than me than I (did) (正式规范用法) 口语中than me可接受,但改错题常要求规范形式。 10. a most interesting the most interesting (形容词最高级前必须加the) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$