Unit 2 Places （单元测试卷）英语沪教版2020必修第一册

2025-2026学年高一必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 2 Places 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a grocery store. B. At the wedding. C. In a restaurant. D. At a cafe. 2. A. £120. B. £160. C. £180. D. £240. 3. A. By taking trains. B. By taking coaches. C. By renting a car. D. By taking a taxi. 4. A. Exhausting. B. Pleasant. C. Boring. D. Educational. 5. A. The woman’s tour to Zhejiang province. B. The woman’s university life. C. The woman’s impression of the museum. D. The woman’s university tour. 6. A. She is too tired to enjoy the film. B. She has seen the film before. C. She is eager to see the new film. D. She has no interest in the film. 7. A. To express her sympathy. B. To lift the man’s spirits. C. To show her disappointment. D. To highlight the man’s talent. 8. A. She was as confident as she looked. B. She sang with all her heart. C. She could hardly finish the song. D. She felt extremely nervous. 9. A. It’s much better than expected. B. It’s surprisingly outstanding. C. It’s average, nothing to write home about. D. It’s something terrible he never fancied. 10. A. He regretted not having prepared sufficiently. B. He isn’t aware of the topics of the speaking test. C. He has prepared everything for the oral exam. D. He discussed the prepared topics in the oral exam. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Low-income Mexican students who want to be pilots. B. Low-income Californian students who live in Mexico. C. Low-income Mexican students who live near the US border. D. Low-income Californian students who want to attend community colleges. 12. A. $1,500. B. $7,200. C. $8,000. D. $10,000. 13. A. Helping Californians become lawmakers in the US. B. Increasing diversity among workforce in the US. C. Making it easy for Mexicans to achieve education. D. Avoiding loss of talent in the United States. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following speech. 14. A. To reduce unemployment rates. B. To increase workers’ salaries. C. To attract international companies to the UK. D. To check if a shorter workweek is achievable. 15. A. To reduce employees’ expenses. B. To meet employees’ preferences. C. To increase productivity. D. To follow government regulations. 16. A. A way to attract and keep talent. B. A trend in the workplace. C. A try-out of a new workweek policy. D. A demand for higher pay. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. High-quality equipment. B. A great amount of practice. C. Personal physical condition. D. Previous sporting experience. 18. A. Inform someone of your return time. B. Stay mindful of your surroundings. C. Tell someone how you can be identified. D. Use the most advanced board and sail. 19. A. Teaching and sharing. B. Connection with nature. C. Competitions and challenges. D. Speed and excitement. 20. A. Explore new windsurfing destinations. B. Take part in windsurfing competitions. C. Develop high-quality boards. D. Start a windsurfing business. II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） 语法与词汇 Section A（语法填空） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sora: OpenAl will now let you create videos from verbal cues Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI introduced a new AI model called Sora which it claims can create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-second videos from quick text instructions. In a blog post on Wednesday, the company said Sora is capable of generating videos up to 60 seconds in length from text instructions, 21 (serve) up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. This is the latest effort from the company behind the viral chatbot ChatGPT, 22 continues to push the generative AI movement forward. 23 “multi-modal models” are not new and text-to-video models already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sora to have, according to Reece Hayden, a senior analyst at market research firm ABI Research. Hayden said these types of AI models 24 have a big impact on digital entertainment. Sora 25 (make) available to online security professors soon in order to assess the product for harms or risks. It is also granting access to a number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers to collect feedback on 26 creative professionals could use it. For now, OpenAI said Sora is still a work 27 progress with clear “weaknesses,” particularly when it comes to spatial details of a prompt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect. The latest update comes as OpenAI continues to advance ChatGPT. Earlier this week, the company said it is testing a feature in which users can control ChatGPT’s memory, allowing them to ask the platform to remember chats to make future conversations 28 (personalized) or tell it to forget something previously 29 (discuss). The company also said it plans to work with a team of experts 30 (test) the latest model and look closely at various areas including misinformation,hateful content and prejudice. Section B（选词填空） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．critics        B．experimented        C．supply        D．sufficient        E．feed        F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                I．processed        J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 31 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 32 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 33 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 34 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 35 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 36 . What will we do then? 37 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 38 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 39 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 40 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom(情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often  cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir?” His doubt, although  often ignored, was usually 41 . Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and 42 being at high risk of losing their jobs. A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the 43 industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to 44 his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too 45 ” at NASA． In a corporate culture based on 46 and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear 47 learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of 48 it or getting around it with inefficient practices. The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are 49 criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the 50 of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give 51 to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be 52 in response. And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external 53 , it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be 54 . Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their 55 . But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out. 41．A．justifiable B．pointless C．inevitable D．ridiculous 42．A．on the whole B．in conclusion C．as a result D．on the contrary 43．A．airline B．manufacturing C．service D．advertising 44．A．weigh B．reason C．applaud D．channel 45．A．offensive B．ambitious C．aggressive D．humble 46．A．imitation B．fear C．efficiency D．competition 47．A．motivates B．facilitates C．maintains D．prevents 48．A．spoiling B．polishing C．masking D．exploiting 49．A．subject to B．immune from C．concerned with D．dependent on 50．A．equivalent B．object C．argument D．criticism 51．A．priority B．motivation C．access D．feedback 52．A．optimistic B．objective C．defensive D．passive 53．A．authorities B．elements C．networks D．whistleblowers 54．A．rejected B．eliminated C．voiced D．questioned 55．A．competitiveness B．inventiveness C．carefulness D．selflessness Section B （阅读理解） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme. “Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. That first sunlit afternoon, it was instantly obvious that we had made the right decision. The pathway ahead was quiet. Quick-footed hikers walked past us, eyes focused on a ridge (山脊) that marched south to the Italian border. But there was no sign of worry on my hiking partner’s brow. Only determination. My dad’s accounts of his time in the mountains remain among the defining stories of my childhood. The first time it left its mark on me was when I uncovered a junk box full of projector slides taken in the summer of 1970, when he and two of his friends completed a previously untried route up the overwhelmingly dangerous North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland. That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible. We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. 56．According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc? A．His father’s old age and poor health. B．His father’s memory loss from a stroke. C．His dream of traveling with his father again. D．His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains. 57．What can we learn about the hike around Mont Blanc from the article? A．They passed through three countries in ten days. B．The author’s father was initially confident of doing it. C．It changed the author’s attitude towards his father’s hobby. D．It brought back the pleasant memories of the author’s father. 58．According to the article, which of the following best describes the author’s father? A．A hopeless patient. B．An adventurous climber. C．A responsible father. D．An appreciative photographer. 59．What did the author realize after taking the family picture? A．It was never too late to accompany his father. B．He and his father changed with time passing by. C．Everything changes with time except the mountains. D．The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age. (B) The Man Who Ate his Boots is a fascinating account of expeditions that went wrong. The book examines the 19th century search for a route to Asia by way of the Northwest Passage through the Arctic Ocean. Author Anthony Brandt describes the many attempts by both land and sea that ended in failure and tragedy, including the 1845 expedition led by Sir John Franklin. Brandt shows how these brave, yet sometimes foolish, explorers could have avoided starvation, frostbite, and even death if they had copied the survival techniques of the local Inuit people. Some of the more surprising details the book reveals include: IGLOOS The explorers, despite repeatedly watching the Inuit build igloos, insisted on using canvas tents. Tents freeze in sub-zero temperatures and give little protection to anyone inside them. If they had learned to build igloos, the explorers would have been warm even in the worst Arctic weather. SEALSKIN If the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit, they wouldn’t have suffered from the frostbite that was common among them, but rare among the Inuit. DOG TEAMS Why didn’t the British use dog teams to pull their sleds? Pulling sleds themselves was a tradition among many explorers right into the early 20th century. It cost Scott and his men their lives on their return from the South Pole in 1912. The British did get something right, however, when Captain Edward Parry grew salad vegetables in boxes on board his ship. It was known that fresh vegetables and fresh meat prevented scurvy (坏血病)，although at that time the reason for this (vitamin C) had not been discovered. Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads. 60．In The Man Who Ate his Boots’ the author mainly ________. A．introduces some foolish explorers B．focuses on some unsuccessful expeditions C．analyzes the Inuit people’s survival techniques D．explores the advances in equipment used for expeditions 61．According to Anthony Brandt, what should the explorers have done? A．They should have learned more about how seals survived in cold water. B．They should have set up more canvas tents to keep themselves warm. C．They should have helped the Inuit people build igloos. D．They should have used dogs to pull the sleds for them. 62．It can be inferred from the passage that________. A．Edward Parry found a way to prevent scurvy by accident B．Edward Parry’s successful voyage was a rare case at that time C．Edward Parry was the first captain that grew salad vegetables on board D．Edward Parry’s men could have been more healthy if they took vitamin C (C) Scholars have long debated how and when the Renaissance began. One thing, however, that most scholars agree upon is the significance of this historical period as an evolutionary movement toward individualism in art and thought. Although there is no historical agreement on the exact time order of events leading to the Renaissance, many historians agree that visionaries of the fifteenth century had a sense of belonging to a movement far greater than themselves and so far-reaching as to supersede the artistic and literary forms of the classical era. This phenomenon produced the Renaissance, a period when art, literature, language, and philosophy found new and extraordinary interpretations in the hands of the Humanists. Humanists believed in the importance of the humanities or “human letters”. Eventually, intellectuals of this period became aware of man’s inner potential. The fourteenth century Italian poet Petrarch characterized the early stage of this movement as the New Age. In fact, it was his term, “Rinascita”, which comes from the Latin “renasci”, to be reborn, that eventually led to the term Renaissance that we use today. Petrarch believed that the end of classical antiquity and the beginning of a thousand years of darkness, which he characterized as “the Dark Ages”, came with the destruction of the Roman Empire by invasions in 476 A．D．The awakening from this period was a time of rebirth, which he distinguished as the New Age. Petrarch’s view limited the Rinascita to the comeback of Latin and Greek classics from antiquity based on translations of ancient text. Most significant was his belief that the pagans (异教徒) of antiquity were much inspired by the pursuit of arts and literature in an effort to reach the highest potential of perfection on earth. This belief led to a new sense of individualism and enlightenment that characterized the age of the Renaissance as one that was against the old beliefs that man’s earthly life was merely a function of the social order. From the fourteenth century through the early seventeenth century, this new individualism grew steadily in Western European culture with a motivation fed by man’s desire to define and evaluate the essential values between men of antiquity and the emerging modern man. Not only did artists and writers turn to classical culture for inspiration, they set new goals. They explored the relationship between ancient cultures and their own cultures, and by doing so, they discovered a new vision of human life, of man as a glorious creature capable of developing his mind and body to reach his fullest potential toward perfection. 63．The word “supersede” (in paragraph 1) most probably means ________. A．keep pace with B．make full use of C．give rise to D．take the place of 64．Which of the following shows the correct time order (from far to near) of the three periods? A．the Dark Ages, the Renaissance, the Roman Empire B．the Renaissance, the Roman Empire, the Dark Ages C．the Roman Empire, the Dark Ages, the Renaissance D．the Dark Ages, the Roman Empire, the Renaissance 65．Why is Petrarch mentioned in the passage? A．He coined the term “Renaissance”, which has been in use for over 700 years. B．His belief in personal perfection was the fundamental idea of the Renaissance. C．His prediction of the comeback of Latin and Greek classics inspired many artists. D．He translated ancient texts to Latin and Greek, leading to the start of the Renaissance. 66．What can be concluded about artists and writers during period of the Renaissance? A．They failed to realize their own fullest potential. B．They developed their own cultures from ancient ones. C．They went beyond the classics with a new individualism. D．They did nothing more than recapture the glory of the ancients. Section C（六选四） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The Most Important Skill Nobody Taught You Before dying at the age of 39, Blaise Pascal made huge contributions to both physics and mathematics, notably in fluids, geometry, and probability. 67 Many fields that we now classify under the heading of social science did, in fact, also grow out of the foundation he helped lay. Interestingly enough, much of this was done in his teen years, with some of it coming in his twenties. As an adult, inspired by a religious experience, he actually started to move towards philosophy and theology (神学). Right before his death, he was discussing thoroughly fragments of private thoughts that would later be released as a collection by the name of Pensees. While the book is mostly a mathematician’s case for choosing a life of faith and belief, the more curious thing about it is its clear and comprehensible reflection on what it means to be human. 68 There is enough thought-provoking material in it to quote, and it attacks human nature from a variety of different angles, but one of its most famous thoughts aptly sums up the core of his argument: “ 69 ” According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, we dread boredom and instead choose aimless distraction, and we can’t help but run from the problems of our emotions into the false comforts of the mind. The issue at the root, essentially, is that we never learn the art of solitude. Today, more than ever, Pascal’s message rings true. 70 Information technologies have dominated our cultural direction. From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the internet, we have found ways to bring us all closer together, enabling constant worldly access. I can sit in my office in Canada and transport myself to practically anywhere I want through Skype. I don’t think I need to highlight the benefits of all this. But the downsides are also beginning to show, including leaks of privacy, unauthorized data collection and most importantly, our inability to sit quietly in a room by ourselves. A．All of humanity’s problems stem from man’s inability to sit quietly in a room alone. B．Solitude (独处) may not be the solution to everything, but it certainly is a start. C．If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it’s connectedness. D．It’s a blueprint of our psychology long before psychology was regarded as a formal discipline. E．These dedications, however, would influence more than just the realm (领域) of the natural sciences. F．Never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely and anxious in spite of being connected with everything else. IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Socks Help You Sleep Better If you’re one of those people who has trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. To understand why you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body hums along at an average temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). But at night, your core body temperature dips as much as 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) over the course of six or seven hours of sleep. This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological (神经生物学) dance of falling asleep and staying asleep. And the faster you can lower the core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. Researchers have show that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm feet bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管扩张), which in turn lowers the body’s core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet. Scientists suppose that socked feet have a neurological effect as well. Inside the brain’s “thermostat (恒湿器)” is a type of neuron called a warm-sensitive neuron (WSN) that increases its firing rate when there’s a temperature difference between the body’s core temperature and extremities like the feet. Research has shown that WSN firing rates go way up on the beginning or slow wave or deep sleep and gradually decrease prior to waking up. So WSNs may play a role in generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. And if that is the case, warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power. In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special sleeping socks not only sped up the beginning of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking periods in half. If you are worried about becoming too warm while wearing socks in bed, look for ones made of natural breathable fibers. 71.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72.他总是对自己的工作充满了热情。(enthusiasm)(汉译英) 73.我确信成功之道在于攻坚克难而非满腹牢骚。（convince）（汉译英） 74.这座无法修补的老楼将被拆除，取而代之的是一座现代化的公园。（replace）（汉译英） 75.教师如果不了解学生的心理状态就会发现很难与其沟通。 (track) （汉译英） VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生，学校将在暑假期间重新装修图书馆，校报正在开展英语征文活动，题目为“Small changes make an ideal school library”。你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章，内容包括： 1．描述你希望图书馆发生的1~2个变化 2．说明你的理由 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（61北京）股份有限公司1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年高一必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 2 Places 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a grocery store. B. At the wedding. C. In a restaurant. D. At a cafe. 2. A. £120. B. £160. C. £180. D. £240. 3. A. By taking trains. B. By taking coaches. C. By renting a car. D. By taking a taxi. 4. A. Exhausting. B. Pleasant. C. Boring. D. Educational. 5. A. The woman’s tour to Zhejiang province. B. The woman’s university life. C. The woman’s impression of the museum. D. The woman’s university tour. 6. A. She is too tired to enjoy the film. B. She has seen the film before. C. She is eager to see the new film. D. She has no interest in the film. 7. A. To express her sympathy. B. To lift the man’s spirits. C. To show her disappointment. D. To highlight the man’s talent. 8. A. She was as confident as she looked. B. She sang with all her heart. C. She could hardly finish the song. D. She felt extremely nervous. 9. A. It’s much better than expected. B. It’s surprisingly outstanding. C. It’s average, nothing to write home about. D. It’s something terrible he never fancied. 10. A. He regretted not having prepared sufficiently. B. He isn’t aware of the topics of the speaking test. C. He has prepared everything for the oral exam. D. He discussed the prepared topics in the oral exam. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Low-income Mexican students who want to be pilots. B. Low-income Californian students who live in Mexico. C. Low-income Mexican students who live near the US border. D. Low-income Californian students who want to attend community colleges. 12. A. $1,500. B. $7,200. C. $8,000. D. $10,000. 13. A. Helping Californians become lawmakers in the US. B. Increasing diversity among workforce in the US. C. Making it easy for Mexicans to achieve education. D. Avoiding loss of talent in the United States. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following speech. 14. A. To reduce unemployment rates. B. To increase workers’ salaries. C. To attract international companies to the UK. D. To check if a shorter workweek is achievable. 15. A. To reduce employees’ expenses. B. To meet employees’ preferences. C. To increase productivity. D. To follow government regulations. 16. A. A way to attract and keep talent. B. A trend in the workplace. C. A try-out of a new workweek policy. D. A demand for higher pay. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. High-quality equipment. B. A great amount of practice. C. Personal physical condition. D. Previous sporting experience. 18. A. Inform someone of your return time. B. Stay mindful of your surroundings. C. Tell someone how you can be identified. D. Use the most advanced board and sail. 19. A. Teaching and sharing. B. Connection with nature. C. Competitions and challenges. D. Speed and excitement. 20. A. Explore new windsurfing destinations. B. Take part in windsurfing competitions. C. Develop high-quality boards. D. Start a windsurfing business. II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） 语法与词汇 Section A（语法填空） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sora: OpenAl will now let you create videos from verbal cues Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI introduced a new AI model called Sora which it claims can create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-second videos from quick text instructions. In a blog post on Wednesday, the company said Sora is capable of generating videos up to 60 seconds in length from text instructions, 21 (serve) up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. This is the latest effort from the company behind the viral chatbot ChatGPT, 22 continues to push the generative AI movement forward. 23 “multi-modal models” are not new and text-to-video models already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sora to have, according to Reece Hayden, a senior analyst at market research firm ABI Research. Hayden said these types of AI models 24 have a big impact on digital entertainment. Sora 25 (make) available to online security professors soon in order to assess the product for harms or risks. It is also granting access to a number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers to collect feedback on 26 creative professionals could use it. For now, OpenAI said Sora is still a work 27 progress with clear “weaknesses,” particularly when it comes to spatial details of a prompt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect. The latest update comes as OpenAI continues to advance ChatGPT. Earlier this week, the company said it is testing a feature in which users can control ChatGPT’s memory, allowing them to ask the platform to remember chats to make future conversations 28 (personalized) or tell it to forget something previously 29 (discuss). The company also said it plans to work with a team of experts 30 (test) the latest model and look closely at various areas including misinformation,hateful content and prejudice. Section B（选词填空） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．critics        B．experimented        C．supply        D．sufficient        E．feed        F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                I．processed        J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 31 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 32 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 33 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 34 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 35 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 36 . What will we do then? 37 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 38 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 39 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 40 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom(情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often  cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir?” His doubt, although  often ignored, was usually 41 . Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and 42 being at high risk of losing their jobs. A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the 43 industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to 44 his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too 45 ” at NASA． In a corporate culture based on 46 and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear 47 learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of 48 it or getting around it with inefficient practices. The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are 49 criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the 50 of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give 51 to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be 52 in response. And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external 53 , it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be 54 . Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their 55 . But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out. 41．A．justifiable B．pointless C．inevitable D．ridiculous 42．A．on the whole B．in conclusion C．as a result D．on the contrary 43．A．airline B．manufacturing C．service D．advertising 44．A．weigh B．reason C．applaud D．channel 45．A．offensive B．ambitious C．aggressive D．humble 46．A．imitation B．fear C．efficiency D．competition 47．A．motivates B．facilitates C．maintains D．prevents 48．A．spoiling B．polishing C．masking D．exploiting 49．A．subject to B．immune from C．concerned with D．dependent on 50．A．equivalent B．object C．argument D．criticism 51．A．priority B．motivation C．access D．feedback 52．A．optimistic B．objective C．defensive D．passive 53．A．authorities B．elements C．networks D．whistleblowers 54．A．rejected B．eliminated C．voiced D．questioned 55．A．competitiveness B．inventiveness C．carefulness D．selflessness Section B （阅读理解） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme. “Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. That first sunlit afternoon, it was instantly obvious that we had made the right decision. The pathway ahead was quiet. Quick-footed hikers walked past us, eyes focused on a ridge (山脊) that marched south to the Italian border. But there was no sign of worry on my hiking partner’s brow. Only determination. My dad’s accounts of his time in the mountains remain among the defining stories of my childhood. The first time it left its mark on me was when I uncovered a junk box full of projector slides taken in the summer of 1970, when he and two of his friends completed a previously untried route up the overwhelmingly dangerous North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland. That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible. We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. 56．According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc? A．His father’s old age and poor health. B．His father’s memory loss from a stroke. C．His dream of traveling with his father again. D．His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains. 57．What can we learn about the hike around Mont Blanc from the article? A．They passed through three countries in ten days. B．The author’s father was initially confident of doing it. C．It changed the author’s attitude towards his father’s hobby. D．It brought back the pleasant memories of the author’s father. 58．According to the article, which of the following best describes the author’s father? A．A hopeless patient. B．An adventurous climber. C．A responsible father. D．An appreciative photographer. 59．What did the author realize after taking the family picture? A．It was never too late to accompany his father. B．He and his father changed with time passing by. C．Everything changes with time except the mountains. D．The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age. (B) The Man Who Ate his Boots is a fascinating account of expeditions that went wrong. The book examines the 19th century search for a route to Asia by way of the Northwest Passage through the Arctic Ocean. Author Anthony Brandt describes the many attempts by both land and sea that ended in failure and tragedy, including the 1845 expedition led by Sir John Franklin. Brandt shows how these brave, yet sometimes foolish, explorers could have avoided starvation, frostbite, and even death if they had copied the survival techniques of the local Inuit people. Some of the more surprising details the book reveals include: IGLOOS The explorers, despite repeatedly watching the Inuit build igloos, insisted on using canvas tents. Tents freeze in sub-zero temperatures and give little protection to anyone inside them. If they had learned to build igloos, the explorers would have been warm even in the worst Arctic weather. SEALSKIN If the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit, they wouldn’t have suffered from the frostbite that was common among them, but rare among the Inuit. DOG TEAMS Why didn’t the British use dog teams to pull their sleds? Pulling sleds themselves was a tradition among many explorers right into the early 20th century. It cost Scott and his men their lives on their return from the South Pole in 1912. The British did get something right, however, when Captain Edward Parry grew salad vegetables in boxes on board his ship. It was known that fresh vegetables and fresh meat prevented scurvy (坏血病)，although at that time the reason for this (vitamin C) had not been discovered. Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads. 60．In The Man Who Ate his Boots’ the author mainly ________. A．introduces some foolish explorers B．focuses on some unsuccessful expeditions C．analyzes the Inuit people’s survival techniques D．explores the advances in equipment used for expeditions 61．According to Anthony Brandt, what should the explorers have done? A．They should have learned more about how seals survived in cold water. B．They should have set up more canvas tents to keep themselves warm. C．They should have helped the Inuit people build igloos. D．They should have used dogs to pull the sleds for them. 62．It can be inferred from the passage that________. A．Edward Parry found a way to prevent scurvy by accident B．Edward Parry’s successful voyage was a rare case at that time C．Edward Parry was the first captain that grew salad vegetables on board D．Edward Parry’s men could have been more healthy if they took vitamin C (C) Scholars have long debated how and when the Renaissance began. One thing, however, that most scholars agree upon is the significance of this historical period as an evolutionary movement toward individualism in art and thought. Although there is no historical agreement on the exact time order of events leading to the Renaissance, many historians agree that visionaries of the fifteenth century had a sense of belonging to a movement far greater than themselves and so far-reaching as to supersede the artistic and literary forms of the classical era. This phenomenon produced the Renaissance, a period when art, literature, language, and philosophy found new and extraordinary interpretations in the hands of the Humanists. Humanists believed in the importance of the humanities or “human letters”. Eventually, intellectuals of this period became aware of man’s inner potential. The fourteenth century Italian poet Petrarch characterized the early stage of this movement as the New Age. In fact, it was his term, “Rinascita”, which comes from the Latin “renasci”, to be reborn, that eventually led to the term Renaissance that we use today. Petrarch believed that the end of classical antiquity and the beginning of a thousand years of darkness, which he characterized as “the Dark Ages”, came with the destruction of the Roman Empire by invasions in 476 A．D．The awakening from this period was a time of rebirth, which he distinguished as the New Age. Petrarch’s view limited the Rinascita to the comeback of Latin and Greek classics from antiquity based on translations of ancient text. Most significant was his belief that the pagans (异教徒) of antiquity were much inspired by the pursuit of arts and literature in an effort to reach the highest potential of perfection on earth. This belief led to a new sense of individualism and enlightenment that characterized the age of the Renaissance as one that was against the old beliefs that man’s earthly life was merely a function of the social order. From the fourteenth century through the early seventeenth century, this new individualism grew steadily in Western European culture with a motivation fed by man’s desire to define and evaluate the essential values between men of antiquity and the emerging modern man. Not only did artists and writers turn to classical culture for inspiration, they set new goals. They explored the relationship between ancient cultures and their own cultures, and by doing so, they discovered a new vision of human life, of man as a glorious creature capable of developing his mind and body to reach his fullest potential toward perfection. 63．The word “supersede” (in paragraph 1) most probably means ________. A．keep pace with B．make full use of C．give rise to D．take the place of 64．Which of the following shows the correct time order (from far to near) of the three periods? A．the Dark Ages, the Renaissance, the Roman Empire B．the Renaissance, the Roman Empire, the Dark Ages C．the Roman Empire, the Dark Ages, the Renaissance D．the Dark Ages, the Roman Empire, the Renaissance 65．Why is Petrarch mentioned in the passage? A．He coined the term “Renaissance”, which has been in use for over 700 years. B．His belief in personal perfection was the fundamental idea of the Renaissance. C．His prediction of the comeback of Latin and Greek classics inspired many artists. D．He translated ancient texts to Latin and Greek, leading to the start of the Renaissance. 66．What can be concluded about artists and writers during period of the Renaissance? A．They failed to realize their own fullest potential. B．They developed their own cultures from ancient ones. C．They went beyond the classics with a new individualism. D．They did nothing more than recapture the glory of the ancients. Section C（六选四） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The Most Important Skill Nobody Taught You Before dying at the age of 39, Blaise Pascal made huge contributions to both physics and mathematics, notably in fluids, geometry, and probability. 67 Many fields that we now classify under the heading of social science did, in fact, also grow out of the foundation he helped lay. Interestingly enough, much of this was done in his teen years, with some of it coming in his twenties. As an adult, inspired by a religious experience, he actually started to move towards philosophy and theology (神学). Right before his death, he was discussing thoroughly fragments of private thoughts that would later be released as a collection by the name of Pensees. While the book is mostly a mathematician’s case for choosing a life of faith and belief, the more curious thing about it is its clear and comprehensible reflection on what it means to be human. 68 There is enough thought-provoking material in it to quote, and it attacks human nature from a variety of different angles, but one of its most famous thoughts aptly sums up the core of his argument: “ 69 ” According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, we dread boredom and instead choose aimless distraction, and we can’t help but run from the problems of our emotions into the false comforts of the mind. The issue at the root, essentially, is that we never learn the art of solitude. Today, more than ever, Pascal’s message rings true. 70 Information technologies have dominated our cultural direction. From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the internet, we have found ways to bring us all closer together, enabling constant worldly access. I can sit in my office in Canada and transport myself to practically anywhere I want through Skype. I don’t think I need to highlight the benefits of all this. But the downsides are also beginning to show, including leaks of privacy, unauthorized data collection and most importantly, our inability to sit quietly in a room by ourselves. A．All of humanity’s problems stem from man’s inability to sit quietly in a room alone. B．Solitude (独处) may not be the solution to everything, but it certainly is a start. C．If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it’s connectedness. D．It’s a blueprint of our psychology long before psychology was regarded as a formal discipline. E．These dedications, however, would influence more than just the realm (领域) of the natural sciences. F．Never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely and anxious in spite of being connected with everything else. IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Socks Help You Sleep Better If you’re one of those people who has trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. To understand why you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body hums along at an average temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). But at night, your core body temperature dips as much as 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) over the course of six or seven hours of sleep. This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological (神经生物学) dance of falling asleep and staying asleep. And the faster you can lower the core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. Researchers have show that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm feet bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管扩张), which in turn lowers the body’s core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet. Scientists suppose that socked feet have a neurological effect as well. Inside the brain’s “thermostat (恒湿器)” is a type of neuron called a warm-sensitive neuron (WSN) that increases its firing rate when there’s a temperature difference between the body’s core temperature and extremities like the feet. Research has shown that WSN firing rates go way up on the beginning or slow wave or deep sleep and gradually decrease prior to waking up. So WSNs may play a role in generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. And if that is the case, warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power. In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special sleeping socks not only sped up the beginning of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking periods in half. If you are worried about becoming too warm while wearing socks in bed, look for ones made of natural breathable fibers. 71.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72.他总是对自己的工作充满了热情。(enthusiasm)(汉译英) 73.我确信成功之道在于攻坚克难而非满腹牢骚。（convince）（汉译英） 74.这座无法修补的老楼将被拆除，取而代之的是一座现代化的公园。（replace）（汉译英） 75.教师如果不了解学生的心理状态就会发现很难与其沟通。 (track) （汉译英） VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生，学校将在暑假期间重新装修图书馆，校报正在开展英语征文活动，题目为“Small changes make an ideal school library”。你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章，内容包括： 1．描述你希望图书馆发生的1~2个变化 2．说明你的理由 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（61北京）股份有限公司1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$现在是闵行区2023学年第一学期高三年级学业质量调研英语学科听力测试时间，先试音，试音的内容是一段音乐，时间约半分钟，请调节好音量，现在开始试音。试音结束，听力测试现在开始。Listening comprehension section directions in section a you are attention, al conversations between two speakers at the n of h conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and questions will be spoken only once up to hear a conversation and question about IT read the four possible around us on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to . the question you have heard one, look at the menu, dear, everything looks too expensive, even Green salad . have anything you like. Honey, today is our wedding anniversary question. Where does the conversation most probably take place? Two, one way ticket is sixty pounds, and one round trip ticket is eighty pounds by two, and you will get another one for free. Three round trip tickets. Please . question, how much should the man pay for his tickets? Three, how are you going to travel in europe? IT is said that trains and coaches are very convenient there. That's true. But since we have a lot of luggage, we are going to rent a car. For our road trip . question, how will the man most probably travel in europe? For hi jim, welcome back. How was your city walk in shanghai? IT was delightful, although I was a little bit worn out . on the way back question, how does the man feel about the city walk? Five, did you go back to georgia university for the celebration last weekend? Yes, we arrived at noon and to college. Freshmen showed us around the new school history museum. We were deeply impressed. Question, what are the speakers mainly talking about? Six, do you want to catch the film? And the new cinema . sounds great, but I can't keep my eyes open. Question, what can we learn about the woman? Seven, my painting was not selected for the graduation exhibition. I thought the professors had appreciated my work. I know it's disappointing, but remember, it's just one exhibition. Your talent will shine elsewhere. Question, what is the woman trying to do? I saw you perform at the party yesterday. You were so confident you didn't look nervous at all. To be honest, my heart was in my mouth when I was my . turn to say question, what does the woman mean? Nine, is the food in the new school cafeteria as good as people say? Well, it's not bad, but nothing fancy. Question, what does the man mean? Ten, how did you do on the speaking test? If only I had prepared all the topics that needed to be discussed. Question, what can we learn about the man? Section b directions in section b, you are here two short passengers and a one longer conversation, and you'll be asked to several questions on the each of the passengers and the conversation. The passengers and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible rounders on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question. Have heard questions . eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. California governor signed a law last week permitting low income mexican students to pay the same cost as californians to attend some community colleges. The law starts next year and what run as a pilot for five years. The program is open to mexican students who live within seventy two kilometers of the U. S. Border in california. In california, the average yearly cost for residents at community colleges is one thousand five hundred dollars, while for out of state students is nearly ten thousand dollars. This initiative could mean savings of over eight thousand dollars for qualifying mexican students. Many mexicans travel between the two countries to work or visit family. The law will help make education readily available to prepare them for jobs. The program would also help prepare a more diverse population among the workforce. A typical example is southwestern college in california, just eleven kilometers from the U. S. Border with mexico. Many students at the school split their time between the two countries. This pilot can avoid the risk of losing talent. Listen again, please. California governor signed a one last week promoting low income mexican students to pay the same cost as californians to attend some community colleges. The low starts next year and will run as a pilot for five years. The program is open to mexican students who live within seventy two kilometers of the U. S. Border in california. In california, the average usually cost for residents at community colleges is one thousand five hundred dollars, while for out of state students is nearly ten thousand dollars. This initiative could mean savings of over eight thousand dollars for qualifying mexican students. Many mexicans travel between the two countries to work or visit family. The law will help make education readily available to prepare them for jobs. The program would also help prepare a more diverse population among the workforce. A typical example is southwestern college in california, just eleven kilometers from the U. S. Border with mexico. Many students at the school split their time between the two countries. This pilot can avoid the risk of losing talent. Question eleven, according to california governor, whom is the law signed intended to help? Questioned twelve, according to the passage, how much is the annual cost at community colleges for students from outside the us. Question thirteen, according to the passage, which of the following is not a benefit of the new program? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following speech. Hey folks, exciting news from the U. K. There is this massive day workweek experiment happening, organized by four day week. global. It's like the biggest thing of this kind worldwide. Imagine this, over three thousand workers from seventy different companies covering education, banking, IT, marketing and health care are part of this game changer. So here is the deal these workers are aiming to maintain their full pay while working eighty percent of their usual time, still producing one hundred percent of their typical output. why? You know, our ideas about work hours have completely shifted with the changes in the way we work. People are all about that reduced working time. These days, companies are feeling the heat with employees jumping ship, left and ride. They are pulling out all the stops to keep an attract talent, more cash, more remote work options, and now the four day work week is stealing the spotlight. Employers are catching on to the reality that the world landscape has undergone a significant transformation and a short of workweek is in high demand. This experiment isn't just a one off. It's part of this broader train where companies are understanding what there pears, a design, more adaptability. It's all about adapting to the new energy of the workplace. Exciting times, right? Listen again, please. Hey folks, exciting news from the U. K. There is this massive four day work week experiment happening, organized by four day week global. It's like the biggest thing of its kind worldwide. Imagine this. Over three thousand workers from seventy different companies covering education, banking, IT, marketing and health care are part of this game changer. So here's the deal. These workers are aiming to maintain their full pay while working eighty percent of their usual time, still producing a hundred percent of their typical output. why? You know, our ideas about work hours have completely shifted with the changes in the way we work. People are all about that reduce working time. These days, companies are feeling the heat. With the employees jumping ship, left and ride. They're pulling out all the stops to keep and attract talent. More cash, more remote work options. And now the four day work week is stealing the spotlight. Employers are catching on to the reality that the work landscape has undergone a significant transformation and a shorter work week is in high demand. This experiment isn't just a one off. It's part of this broader friend where companies are understanding what their appeals desire more adapt. Ly, it's all about adapting to the new energy of the workplace. Exciting times, right? Question fourteen, according to the speech, what is the purpose of the four day work week experiment? Question fifteen, why are companies eager to test the four day work week program? Question sixteen, what is the speech mainly about. Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Welcome to today's program. We are diving into the exciting world of wind surfing and exciting water sport that combine sAiling and surfing. Joining us is when surfing enthusiast lily jinkins. Lily, do you need extensive practice to become skilled in wind suffer? Well, IT largely depends on individual fitness levels. Previous experience in related sports might help to interestingly, investing in expensive, high quality boards doesn't seem to make a significant difference. Safety is a top concern for our audience. Any key points to keeping mind while wind surfing. absolutely make sure to inform someone when you are due back and describe the colors of your board and sale for easy identification in case of emergencies, also be aware of your surroundings and avoid pushing yourself too hard on the water. Yes, these are all crucial considerations. When wind surfing, what do you find most enjoyable of that? When I teach wind serving every summer, helping others enter the sport, you know, having someone to share my passion and experiences, which has been valuable. and looking heard, what are your future plans? And when surfing. i'm considering the idea of engaging in open sea races and exciting opportunity to push my limits and pursue personal achievement. Thank you, lily, for sharing your winds of insights and your vision for the sport. Listen again, please. Welcome to today's program. We are diving into the exciting world of wind surfing, an exciting water sport that combines sAiling and surfing. Joining us is when surfing lily jinkins. Lily, do you need the extensive practice to become skilled in windsurfing? Well, IT largely depends on individual fitness levels. Previous experience in related sports might help to interestingly, investing in expensive, high quality boards doesn't seem to make a significant difference. Safety is a top concern for our audience. Any key points to keeping mind while wind surfing. absolutely make sure to inform someone when you are, do back and describe the colors of your board and sale for easy identification in case of emergencies, also be aware of your surroundings and avoid pushing yourself too hard on the water. Yes, these are all crucial considerations. When wind surfing, what do you find most enjoyable, or that wind suffer? I teach wind serving every summer, helping others enter the sport, you know, having someone to share my passion and experiences, which has been valuable. and looking hurt. What are your future plans? And when surfing. i'm considering the idea of engaging in open sea races and exciting opportunity to push my limits and pursue personal achievement. Thank you, lily, for sharing your winds of insights and your vision for the sport. Question seventeen, according to lily, what is the most important factor in becoming good at wind surfing? Questioning which of the following is not the advice, lily goes on safety. Question nineteen, what aspect of wind surfing does lily find most enjoyable? Question twenty, what might lily do in her future wind surfing? 听力测试结束，请考生继续答题。 2025-2026学年高一必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 2（参考答案） I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A（语法填空） 21．serving 22．which 23．While/Though/Although 24．can 25．will be made 26．how 27．in 28．more personalized 29．discussed 30．to test Section B（选词填空） 31．D 32．F 33．H 34．I 35．C 36．K 37．A 38．J 39．B 40．E III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） 41．A 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．D 46．B 47．D 48．C 49．B 50．A 51．D 52．C 53．A 54．C 55．B Section B （阅读理解） 56．B 57．C 58．B 59．D 60．B 61．D 62．A 63．D 64．C 65．B 66．C Section C（六选四） 67．E 68．D 69．A 70．C IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) 71.Putting on a pair of socks at bedtime helps you sleep better. Wearing socks promotes vasodilation, lowering the body’s core temperature faster, so that you will fall asleep faster. Warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） 72.He is always full of enthusiasm for his work. 73.I am convinced that the key to success is/lies in overcoming difficulties instead of complaining. 74.The old building which can’t be repaired will be torn down and replaced with a modern park. 75.If teachers lose track of students’ state of mind, they’ll find it hard to communicate with them. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 Small Changes Make an Ideal School Library As a student of Mingqi High School, I am excited about the upcoming renovation of our library during the summer vacation. Among the many potential improvements, I particularly envision two important changes. Firstly, I hope to see more comfortable seating arrangements, including sofas and beanbags, to create a cozy reading environment. Secondly, I propose introducing a digital reading zone with computers and tablets, enabling students to access e-books and online resources effortlessly. These changes are crucial because they directly enhance the student experience. Comfortable seating encourages longer reading sessions, fostering a deeper engagement with books.  Meanwhile, the digital reading zone caters to the modern learning trends, making it easier for students to access information beyond the physical shelves. With these small yet impactful adjustments, our library will transform into an ideal learning hub that meets the needs of both traditional and digital learners. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年高一必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 2 Places 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a grocery store. B. At the wedding. C. In a restaurant. D. At a cafe. 2. A. £120. B. £160. C. £180. D. £240. 3. A. By taking trains. B. By taking coaches. C. By renting a car. D. By taking a taxi. 4. A. Exhausting. B. Pleasant. C. Boring. D. Educational. 5. A. The woman’s tour to Zhejiang province. B. The woman’s university life. C. The woman’s impression of the museum. D. The woman’s university tour. 6. A. She is too tired to enjoy the film. B. She has seen the film before. C. She is eager to see the new film. D. She has no interest in the film. 7. A. To express her sympathy. B. To lift the man’s spirits. C. To show her disappointment. D. To highlight the man’s talent. 8. A. She was as confident as she looked. B. She sang with all her heart. C. She could hardly finish the song. D. She felt extremely nervous. 9. A. It’s much better than expected. B. It’s surprisingly outstanding. C. It’s average, nothing to write home about. D. It’s something terrible he never fancied. 10. A. He regretted not having prepared sufficiently. B. He isn’t aware of the topics of the speaking test. C. He has prepared everything for the oral exam. D. He discussed the prepared topics in the oral exam. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Low-income Mexican students who want to be pilots. B. Low-income Californian students who live in Mexico. C. Low-income Mexican students who live near the US border. D. Low-income Californian students who want to attend community colleges. 12. A. $1,500. B. $7,200. C. $8,000. D. $10,000. 13. A. Helping Californians become lawmakers in the US. B. Increasing diversity among workforce in the US. C. Making it easy for Mexicans to achieve education. D. Avoiding loss of talent in the United States. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following speech. 14. A. To reduce unemployment rates. B. To increase workers’ salaries. C. To attract international companies to the UK. D. To check if a shorter workweek is achievable. 15. A. To reduce employees’ expenses. B. To meet employees’ preferences. C. To increase productivity. D. To follow government regulations. 16. A. A way to attract and keep talent. B. A trend in the workplace. C. A try-out of a new workweek policy. D. A demand for higher pay. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. High-quality equipment. B. A great amount of practice. C. Personal physical condition. D. Previous sporting experience. 18. A. Inform someone of your return time. B. Stay mindful of your surroundings. C. Tell someone how you can be identified. D. Use the most advanced board and sail. 19. A. Teaching and sharing. B. Connection with nature. C. Competitions and challenges. D. Speed and excitement. 20. A. Explore new windsurfing destinations. B. Take part in windsurfing competitions. C. Develop high-quality boards. D. Start a windsurfing business. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B Section A Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. W: Look at the menu, dear. Everything looks too expensive, even green salad. 　 M: Have anything you like, honey. Today is our wedding anniversary. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 2. W: One way ticket is 60 pounds and one round trip ticket is 80 pounds. Buy two and you’ll get another one for free.   M: Three round trip tickets, please. Q: How much should the man pay for his tickets? 3. W: How are you going to travel in Europe? It is said that trains and coaches are very convenient there. M: That’s true. But, since we have a lot of luggage, we are going to rent a car for our road trip. Q: How will the man most probably travel in Europe? 4. W: Hi, Jim, welcome back. How was your city walk in Shanghai? M: It was delightful, although I was a little bit worn out on the way back. Q: How does the man feel about the city walk? 5. M: Did you go back to Zhejiang University for the celebration last weekend? W: Yes, we arrived at noon. And two college freshmen showed us around the new school history museum. We were deeply impressed. Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about? 6. M: Do you want to catch a film at the new cinema? W: Sounds great, but I can’t keep my eyes open. Q: What can we learn about the woman? 7. M: My painting was not selected for the graduation exhibition. I thought the professors had appreciated my work. W: I know it’s disappointing, but remember, it's just one exhibition. Your talent will shine elsewhere! Q: What is the woman trying to do? 8. M: I saw you perform at the party yesterday. You were so confident. You didn’t look nervous at all. W: To be honest, my heart was in my mouth when it was my turn to sing. Q: What does the woman mean? 9. W: Is the food in the new school cafeteria as good as people say? M: Well, it’s not bad, but nothing fancy. Q: What does the man mean? 10. W: How did you do on the speaking test? M: If only I had prepared all the topics that needed to be discussed. Q: What can we learn about the man? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. California Governor signed a law last week permitting low-income Mexican students to pay the same cost as Californians to attend some community colleges. The law starts next year and will run as a pilot for five years. The program is open to Mexican students who live within 72 kilometers of the US border in California. In California, the average yearly cost for residents at community colleges is $1,500, while for out-of-state students, it’s nearly $10,000. This initiative could mean savings of over $8,000 for qualifying Mexican students. Many Mexicans travel between the two countries to work or visit family. The law will help make education readily available to prepare them for jobs. The program would also help prepare a more diverse population among the workforce. A typical example is Southwestern College in California, just 11 kilometers from the US border with Mexico. Many students at the school split their time between the two countries. This pilot can avoid the risk of losing talent. (Listen again, please) Questions: 11. According to California Governor, whom is the law signed intended to help? 12. According to the passage, how much is the annual cost at community colleges for students from outside the US? 13. According to the passage, which of the following is not a benefit of the new program? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following speech. Hey folks, exciting news from the UK! There’s this massive four-day workweek experiment happening, organized by 4 Day Week Global – it’s like the biggest thing of its kind worldwide. Imagine this: over 3,000 workers from 70 different companies, covering education, banking, IT, marketing, and healthcare, are part of this game-changer. So, here’s the deal: these workers are aiming to maintain their full pay while working 80% of their usual time, still producing 100% of their typical output. Why? You know, our ideas about work hours have completely shifted with the changes in the way we work. People are all about that reduced work time these days. Companies are feeling the heat with employees jumping ship left and right. They’re pulling out all the stops to keep and attract talent – more cash, more remote work options, and now, the four-day workweek is stealing the spotlight. Employers are catching on to the reality that the work landscape has undergone a significant transformation, and a shorter workweek is in high demand. This experiment isn’t just a one-off. It’s part of this broader trend where companies are understanding what their peers desire – more adaptability. It’s all about adapting to the new energy of the workplace. Exciting times, right? (Listen again, please.) Questions: 14. According to the speech, what is the purpose of the four-day workweek experiment? 15. Why are companies eager to test the four-day workweek program? 16. What is the speech mainly about? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. M: Welcome to today’s program! We’re diving into the exciting world of windsurfing, an exciting water sport that combines sailing and surfing. Joining us is windsurfing enthusiast Lily Jenkins. Lily, do you need extensive practice to become skilled in windsurfing? W: Well, it largely depends on individual fitness levels. Previous experience in related sports might help too. Interestingly, investing in expensive, high-quality boards doesn’t seem to make a significant difference. M: Safety is a top concern for our audience. Any key points to keep in mind while windsurfing? W: Absolutely. Make sure to inform someone when you’re due back and describe the colors of your board and sail for easy identification in case of emergencies. Also, be aware of your surroundings and avoid pushing yourself too hard on the water. M: Yes, these are all crucial considerations when windsurfing. What do you find most enjoyable about windsurfing? W: I teach windsurfing every summer, helping others enter the sport; you know, having someone to share my passion and experiences with has been invaluable. M: And looking ahead, what are your future plans in windsurfing? W: I’m considering the idea of engaging in open sea races — an exciting opportunity to push my limits and pursue personal achievement. M: Thank you, Lily, for sharing your windsurfing insights and your vision for the sport. (Listen again, please.) Questions: 17. According to Lily, what is the most important factor in becoming good at windsurfing? 18. Which of the following is not the advice Lily gives on safety? 19. What aspect of windsurfing does Lily find most enjoyable? 20. What might Lily do in her future windsurfing? II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） 语法与词汇 Section A（语法填空） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sora: OpenAl will now let you create videos from verbal cues Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI introduced a new AI model called Sora which it claims can create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-second videos from quick text instructions. In a blog post on Wednesday, the company said Sora is capable of generating videos up to 60 seconds in length from text instructions, 21 (serve) up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. This is the latest effort from the company behind the viral chatbot ChatGPT, 22 continues to push the generative AI movement forward. 23 “multi-modal models” are not new and text-to-video models already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sora to have, according to Reece Hayden, a senior analyst at market research firm ABI Research. Hayden said these types of AI models 24 have a big impact on digital entertainment. Sora 25 (make) available to online security professors soon in order to assess the product for harms or risks. It is also granting access to a number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers to collect feedback on 26 creative professionals could use it. For now, OpenAI said Sora is still a work 27 progress with clear “weaknesses,” particularly when it comes to spatial details of a prompt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect. The latest update comes as OpenAI continues to advance ChatGPT. Earlier this week, the company said it is testing a feature in which users can control ChatGPT’s memory, allowing them to ask the platform to remember chats to make future conversations 28 (personalized) or tell it to forget something previously 29 (discuss). The company also said it plans to work with a team of experts 30 (test) the latest model and look closely at various areas including misinformation,hateful content and prejudice. 【答案】 21．serving 22．which 23．While/Though/Although 24．can 25．will be made 26．how 27．in 28．more personalized 29．discussed 30．to test 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了OpenAI新推出的AI模型Sora，该模型能根据简短文本指令生成长达60秒的视频，有望深刻影响数字娱乐领域。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，该公司在博客文章中表示，Sora能够根据简短的文字指令生成长达60秒的视频，提供包含多个角色、特定类型的动作和详细背景细节的场景。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词is可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语，动词serve“提供”与从句主语Sora之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填serving。 22．考查定语从句。句意：这是风靡一时的聊天机器人ChatGPT背后的公司的最新努力，它继续推动生成人工智能运动向前发展。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词continues，且句子不能构成并列句，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the company，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 23．考查让步状语从句。句意：ABI Research的高级分析师Reece Hayden表示，虽然“多模态模型”并不新鲜，文本到视频的模型已经存在，但根据OpenAI声称的Sora的长度和准确性，这使其与众不同。根据句子的谓语动词are和is，以及前后句意的对比转折关系可知，空处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，可用while/though/although引导，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。 24．考查情态动词。句意：Hayden说，这类AI模型可能对数字娱乐产生重大影响。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据已有动词原形have及句意可知，空处需填情态动词，表示能力或可能性，应用can，表明这类模型有潜力带来大的影响。故填can。 25．考查时态和语态。句意：Sora 将很快提供给在线安全专家，以便他们评估该产品是否存在危害或风险。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据soon可知，句子讲述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，且Sora与make之间为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be made。 26．考查宾语从句。句意：它还向一些视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人开放访问，以收集反馈，了解创意专业人士如何使用它。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词could use可知，空处引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how引导，说明他们想要了解的是使用方式。故填how。 27．考查介词短语。句意：目前，OpenAI表示Sora仍是一个正在进行中的工作，有明显的“弱点”，特别是在空间细节提示方面会混淆左右和因果关系。in progress为固定搭配，意为“正在进行中”。故填in。 28．考查形容词比较级。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前make future conversations可知，此处应用形容词作宾补，且与未使用此功能前的情况相比，应用形容词personalized的比较级more personalized表示“更加个性化的”。故填more personalized。 29．考查非谓语动词。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前的不定代词something和副词previously可知，空处需用discuss的适当形式与previously一起修饰something，something与discuss之间为被动关系，应用过去分词discussed，作后置定语。故填discussed。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司还表示，计划与一个专家团队合作，测试最新模型，并密切关注包括错误信息、恶意内容和偏见在内的各个领域。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词plans可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式，空处表目的，应用不定式形式to test，说明与专家团队合作的目的。故填to test。 Section B（选词填空） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．critics        B．experimented        C．supply        D．sufficient        E．feed        F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                I．processed        J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 31 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 32 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 33 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 34 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 35 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 36 . What will we do then? 37 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 38 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 39 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 40 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. 【答案】 31．D 32．F 33．H 34．I 35．C 36．K 37．A 38．J 39．B 40．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了世界人口增长和随之而来的潜在食物短缺问题，以及养鱼作为解决方案的利弊。 31．考查形容词。句意：到2030年，地球上可能将有80亿人口。会有足够的食物供给所有这些人吗，还是会发生食物短缺？根据后文“or will we have a food shortage(还是会发生食物短缺)”可知，此处应表示“足够的”，形容词。故选D项。 32．考查动词。句意：然而，其他科学家担心养鱼可能会引起严重的环境问题。根据前文“some scientists think fish farming could(其他科学家担心养鱼可能会)”以及下文“this problem(这一问题)”可知，此处应表示“解决”含义的动词。故选F项。 33．考查形容词。句意：养鱼不是一件新鲜事。根据前文“Fish farming is not a(养鱼不是一件)”和后文“There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago(三千多年前在中国就有渔场)”可知，此处应表示“新奇的，新颖的”，使用形容词作定语。故选H项。 34．考查动词。句意：不幸的是，许多养鱼场开始养殖食肉鱼类。一种受欢迎的食肉鱼类是鲑鱼。这些食肉鱼类以加工食物为食，这些食物由野生鱼类制成。根据后文“made from wild fish(由野生鱼类制成)”可知，此处应表示“加工”。故选I项。 35．考查名词。句意：然而，这需要多达5吨的野生鱼类才能生产出1吨的养鱼场养殖鲑鱼。根据后文“wild fish is already decreasing(野生鱼的……正在下降)”可知，此处应表示“供应”。故选C项。 36．考查形容词。句意：最终，许多野生鱼类可能会灭绝。根据上文“wild fish could go(野生鱼会……)”以及下文“What will we do then?(那个时候我们应该怎么办？)”可知，此处应表示“灭绝的”。故选K项。 37．考查名词。句意：养鱼的批评者还说，养鱼对人类来说是不健康的。根据后文“Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish (另一个批评是渔场养的鱼会将疾病传播至野生鱼)”可知，此处应表示“批评者”。故选A项。 38．考查动词。句意：然而，现在使用的方法还没有产生足够的鱼类。根据后文“enough fish (足够的鱼)”可知，此处应表示“产生”。故选J项。 39．考查动词。句意：几个国家已经在深海养殖场进行了实验。根据后文“with deep-ocean farms(深海养殖场)”可知，此处应表示“对……进行实验”。故选B项。 40．考查动词。句意：渔场养殖有助于养活数百万人。根据后文“millions of people(数百万人)”可知，此处应表示“养活”。故选E项。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom(情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often  cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir?” His doubt, although  often ignored, was usually 41 . Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and 42 being at high risk of losing their jobs. A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the 43 industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to 44 his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too 45 ” at NASA． In a corporate culture based on 46 and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear 47 learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of 48 it or getting around it with inefficient practices. The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are 49 criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the 50 of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give 51 to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be 52 in response. And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external 53 , it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be 54 . Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their 55 . But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out. 41．A．justifiable B．pointless C．inevitable D．ridiculous 42．A．on the whole B．in conclusion C．as a result D．on the contrary 43．A．airline B．manufacturing C．service D．advertising 44．A．weigh B．reason C．applaud D．channel 45．A．offensive B．ambitious C．aggressive D．humble 46．A．imitation B．fear C．efficiency D．competition 47．A．motivates B．facilitates C．maintains D．prevents 48．A．spoiling B．polishing C．masking D．exploiting 49．A．subject to B．immune from C．concerned with D．dependent on 50．A．equivalent B．object C．argument D．criticism 51．A．priority B．motivation C．access D．feedback 52．A．optimistic B．objective C．defensive D．passive 53．A．authorities B．elements C．networks D．whistleblowers 54．A．rejected B．eliminated C．voiced D．questioned 55．A．competitiveness B．inventiveness C．carefulness D．selflessness 【答案】 41．A 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．D 46．B 47．D 48．C 49．B 50．A 51．D 52．C 53．A 54．C 55．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了谨慎往往导致员工保持沉默，因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，从而处于失去工作的高风险。文章通过两个航空行业的案例，说明了沉默的文化可能是危险的，指出一个以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化从长远来看是不利于发展的。而解决办法是营造一种“心理安全”的氛围，让员工可以畅所欲言。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的怀疑，虽然经常被忽视，但通常是合理的。A. justifiable情有可原的，合理的；B. pointless无意义的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. ridiculous可笑的。根据后文“Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses head down the wrong track.”可知，当许多雇员看到自己的老板走上了错误的道路时，他们一定忍不住要模仿威尔逊中士，故威尔逊中士的怀疑其实是合理的。故选A。 42．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：但谨慎往往导致员工保持沉默，因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，从而处于失去工作的高风险。A. on the whole基本上；B. in conclusion总之；C. as a result结果；D. on the contrary相反。结合上文“But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and”可知，员工因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，导致结果自己失去工作，所以往往保持沉默。故选C。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的一些案例来自航空行业，那里的员工因为自己的级别而感到无力做出任何改变。A. airline航空公司；B. manufacturing制造；C. service服务；D. advertising广告。根据后文的案例“a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977”可知，两架波音747飞机坠毁，故此处指航空行业的案例。故选A。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一个是最致命的事故：1977年，两架波音747飞机在加那利群岛坠毁，当时一名副驾驶觉得无法说服机长改变起飞决定。A. weigh权衡，认真考虑；B. reason说服，推理；C. applaud鼓掌；D. channel引导，输送。根据上文“staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks”和后文“his captain into changing the decision to take off”可知，员工因其级别而感到无力做出任何改变，所以副驾驶无法说服机长改变起飞决定。短语reason sb. into意为“以理劝说使之相信或使之做某事”。故选B。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个例子是2003年的哥伦比亚号航天飞机；一位工程师可能在飞行前就已经诊断出飞机机翼的损伤，但由于他在NASA“太谦虚”，导致他没有发言权。A. offensive无礼的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. aggressive好斗的；D. humble（级别或地位）低下的。根据上文“staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks”可知，员工因其级别低而感到无力做出任何改变，这名工程师感觉自己没有发言权，是因为在NASA地位低。故选D。 46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化中，目标似乎正在实现。A. imitation模仿；B. fear恐惧；C. efficiency效率；D. competition竞争。根据后文“Studies show that fear 　　47　　 learning.”可知，研究表明，恐惧会阻碍学习，故此处指以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化。故选B。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明恐惧会阻碍学习。A. motivates促使；B. facilitates促进；C. maintains保持；D. prevents阻止，阻碍。根据后文“scared workers find ways of 　　48　　 it or getting around it with inefficient practices.”可知，恐惧的员工会掩盖事实，或者用低效的方法绕过问题，故可见恐惧会阻碍学习。故选D。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当面对一个问题时，受到惊吓的员工会想办法掩盖它，或者用低效的方法绕过它。A. spoiling损坏；B. polishing抛光；C. masking掩盖；D. exploiting开发。根据后文“or getting around it with inefficient practices”可知，面对问题，受到惊吓的员工会想办法掩盖它，或者用低效的方法绕过它。故选C。 49．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这并不意味着员工或他们的想法可以免受批评，或者他们应该不断抱怨。A. subject to受制于；B. immune from免受……的影响；C. concerned with关心；D. dependent on依赖。根据上文“The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds.”可知，这一方法是营造一种“心理安全”的氛围，让员工可以畅所欲言，但这不意味着员工或他们的想法可以免受批评，或者他们应该不断抱怨。故选B。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，这种方法相当于丰田的“精益生产”流程，即任何发现问题的工人都可以停止生产线。A. equivalent对等；B. object物体；C. argument争论；D. criticism批评。根据后文“of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line.”可知，此处是在把“心理安全”氛围等同于丰田的“精益生产”流程，即任何发现问题的工人都可以停止生产线。故选A。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：制作公司皮克斯创建了一个所谓的“智囊团”，为电影导演提供反馈。A. priority优先；B. motivation动机；C. access入口；D. feedback反馈。根据后文“The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person,”可知，其规则是建议应该有建设性，是关于想法，而不是关于人的，故“智囊团”主要是为导演提供反馈和建议的。故选D。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：规则是，建议应该是建设性的，是关于想法，而不是关于人的，电影制作人不应该做出生气的回应。A. optimistic乐观的；B. objective客观的；C. defensive生气的，防御的；D. passive被动的。根据上文“advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person”可知，“智囊团”要对想法提供建设性建议，故电影制作人不能做出生气的回应。故选C。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，如果一名员工觉得有必要通过与外部权威对话来充当举报人，这表明雇主没有在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境。A. authorities当局，权威；B. elements元素；C. networks网络；D. whistleblowers举报人。根据后文“it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm”可知，因为雇主没有在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境，所以员工才寻求外部权威的帮助，来充当举报人。故选A。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. rejected拒绝；B. eliminated消除；C. voiced表达；D. questioned质疑。根据上文“created an environment within the firm where criticism can be”可知，此处指在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境。故选C。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着日常工作的自动化，以及工人依赖电脑进行数据分析，人类的附加值将源于他们的创造力。A. competitiveness竞争力；B. inventiveness创造性；C. carefulness仔细；D. selflessness无私。呼应后文“But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out.”可知，很难让建议既有创造性又有建设性，故此处指人类需要提供创造力。故选B。 Section B （阅读理解） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme. “Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. That first sunlit afternoon, it was instantly obvious that we had made the right decision. The pathway ahead was quiet. Quick-footed hikers walked past us, eyes focused on a ridge (山脊) that marched south to the Italian border. But there was no sign of worry on my hiking partner’s brow. Only determination. My dad’s accounts of his time in the mountains remain among the defining stories of my childhood. The first time it left its mark on me was when I uncovered a junk box full of projector slides taken in the summer of 1970, when he and two of his friends completed a previously untried route up the overwhelmingly dangerous North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland. That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible. We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. 56．According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc? A．His father’s old age and poor health. B．His father’s memory loss from a stroke. C．His dream of traveling with his father again. D．His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains. 57．What can we learn about the hike around Mont Blanc from the article? A．They passed through three countries in ten days. B．The author’s father was initially confident of doing it. C．It changed the author’s attitude towards his father’s hobby. D．It brought back the pleasant memories of the author’s father. 58．According to the article, which of the following best describes the author’s father? A．A hopeless patient. B．An adventurous climber. C．A responsible father. D．An appreciative photographer. 59．What did the author realize after taking the family picture? A．It was never too late to accompany his father. B．He and his father changed with time passing by. C．Everything changes with time except the mountains. D．The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age. 【答案】56．B 57．C 58．B 59．D 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者带着74岁的父亲去攀登勃朗峰的故事。 56．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ ‘Old age doesn’t come alone,’ he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. (他回答说：“衰老不是独自来的。”他的意思是说，最近一次危及生命的中风导致了记忆力丧失。然而，在被遗忘已久的足迹中唤起记忆似乎是正确的事情。我们订了机票，四个月后，我们到达了法国夏蒙尼的勃朗峰。)”可知，是父亲的中风导致记忆力丧失，促使作者带着父亲去法国夏蒙尼的勃朗峰远足。故选B。 57．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. (那已经是他一生的一半了。然而，我们却在这里，肩并肩地绕着勃朗峰前进，用我们的手指沿着一条看不见的路线，越过他很久以前征服过的那些险峻的山峰。我一直认为是对山脉的痴迷，现在却变成了一种我从来不知道我们之间存在的纽带。)”之前作者认为父亲爬山是对山脉的痴迷，而现在变成了他们之间的纽带，可知，作者的这次经历改变了对父亲爱好的认识。故选C。 58．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible.  We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. (到周末的时候，我感觉到我们可能已经完成了我们都认为不可能完成的事情。我们向夏蒙尼山谷上方的布雷文森峰进行了最后的冲刺。我们爬上了一个狭窄的石头世界，与勃朗峰正面相遇。)”作者与父亲完成了不可能的事情，到达了山峰。可知，作者的父亲是勇于冒险的攀登者。故选B。 59．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes.  There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background.  For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. (为了捕捉这一刻，我拍了一张照片，但直到那时我才意识到，这张照片的构图与我第一次在一个垃圾箱里看到的幻灯片几乎是一样的。那是微笑，那双眼睛盯着地平线，美丽的阿尔卑斯山脉勃朗峰衬托着背景。有那么一瞬间，一切似乎都没有改变。)”作者觉得一切似乎是没有改变的，与第一次在一个垃圾箱里看到的幻灯片几乎是一样的，可知，作者父亲对登山的热爱仍未改变。故选D。 (B) The Man Who Ate his Boots is a fascinating account of expeditions that went wrong. The book examines the 19th century search for a route to Asia by way of the Northwest Passage through the Arctic Ocean. Author Anthony Brandt describes the many attempts by both land and sea that ended in failure and tragedy, including the 1845 expedition led by Sir John Franklin. Brandt shows how these brave, yet sometimes foolish, explorers could have avoided starvation, frostbite, and even death if they had copied the survival techniques of the local Inuit people. Some of the more surprising details the book reveals include: IGLOOS The explorers, despite repeatedly watching the Inuit build igloos, insisted on using canvas tents. Tents freeze in sub-zero temperatures and give little protection to anyone inside them. If they had learned to build igloos, the explorers would have been warm even in the worst Arctic weather. SEALSKIN If the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit, they wouldn’t have suffered from the frostbite that was common among them, but rare among the Inuit. DOG TEAMS Why didn’t the British use dog teams to pull their sleds? Pulling sleds themselves was a tradition among many explorers right into the early 20th century. It cost Scott and his men their lives on their return from the South Pole in 1912. The British did get something right, however, when Captain Edward Parry grew salad vegetables in boxes on board his ship. It was known that fresh vegetables and fresh meat prevented scurvy (坏血病)，although at that time the reason for this (vitamin C) had not been discovered. Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads. 60．In The Man Who Ate his Boots’ the author mainly ________. A．introduces some foolish explorers B．focuses on some unsuccessful expeditions C．analyzes the Inuit people’s survival techniques D．explores the advances in equipment used for expeditions 61．According to Anthony Brandt, what should the explorers have done? A．They should have learned more about how seals survived in cold water. B．They should have set up more canvas tents to keep themselves warm. C．They should have helped the Inuit people build igloos. D．They should have used dogs to pull the sleds for them. 62．It can be inferred from the passage that________. A．Edward Parry found a way to prevent scurvy by accident B．Edward Parry’s successful voyage was a rare case at that time C．Edward Parry was the first captain that grew salad vegetables on board D．Edward Parry’s men could have been more healthy if they took vitamin C 【答案】60．B 61．D 62．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍的是一本名为The Man Who Ate his Boots的探险书，书中讲述了一次失败的探险，并在文章中列出了几项书中透露的惊人细节。 60．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Author Anthony Brandt describes the many attempts by both land and sea that ended in failure and tragedy, including the 1815 expedition led by Sir John Franklin.(作者Anthony Brandt描述了许多以失败和悲剧告终的陆地和海上尝试，包括1815年由约翰·富兰克林爵士领导的探险队。)”可知，描述的主要是以失败和悲剧告终的探险活动，由此可推断，书中主要集中讲述几次不成功的探险。故选B项。 61．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Why didn’t the British use dog teams to pull their sleds? Pulling sleds themselves was a tradition among many explorers right into the early 20th century. It cost Scott and his men their lives on their return from the South Pole in 1912.(为什么英国人不使用狗队来拉雪橇？拉雪橇本身是许多探险家的传统，直到20世纪初。1912年，Scott和他的手下从南极返回时，他们付出了生命的代价。)”可知，Anthony Brandt在指责探险队为什么不使用狗拉爬犁而造成探险队员付出生命的代价。故选D项。 62．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The British did get something right, however, when Captain Edward Parry grew salad vegetables in boxes on board his ship. It was known that fresh vegetables and fresh meat prevented scurvy (坏血病)，although at that time the reason for this (vitamin C) had not been discovered. Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads.(然而，当船长Edward Parry在他的船上用盒子种植沙拉蔬菜时，英国人确实做对了。众所周知，新鲜蔬菜和新鲜肉类可以预防坏血病，尽管当时尚未发现其原因（维生素C）。如果Parry的手下没有吃沙拉，他们就不会那么健康。)”可知，尽管那时候没有人知道新鲜蔬菜和肉能预防坏血病的发生，但是Parry在船上种植沙拉蔬菜，却让船上的人很健康，由此可推断，Parry无意中发现预防坏血病的方法。故选A项。 (C) Scholars have long debated how and when the Renaissance began. One thing, however, that most scholars agree upon is the significance of this historical period as an evolutionary movement toward individualism in art and thought. Although there is no historical agreement on the exact time order of events leading to the Renaissance, many historians agree that visionaries of the fifteenth century had a sense of belonging to a movement far greater than themselves and so far-reaching as to supersede the artistic and literary forms of the classical era. This phenomenon produced the Renaissance, a period when art, literature, language, and philosophy found new and extraordinary interpretations in the hands of the Humanists. Humanists believed in the importance of the humanities or “human letters”. Eventually, intellectuals of this period became aware of man’s inner potential. The fourteenth century Italian poet Petrarch characterized the early stage of this movement as the New Age. In fact, it was his term, “Rinascita”, which comes from the Latin “renasci”, to be reborn, that eventually led to the term Renaissance that we use today. Petrarch believed that the end of classical antiquity and the beginning of a thousand years of darkness, which he characterized as “the Dark Ages”, came with the destruction of the Roman Empire by invasions in 476 A．D．The awakening from this period was a time of rebirth, which he distinguished as the New Age. Petrarch’s view limited the Rinascita to the comeback of Latin and Greek classics from antiquity based on translations of ancient text. Most significant was his belief that the pagans (异教徒) of antiquity were much inspired by the pursuit of arts and literature in an effort to reach the highest potential of perfection on earth. This belief led to a new sense of individualism and enlightenment that characterized the age of the Renaissance as one that was against the old beliefs that man’s earthly life was merely a function of the social order. From the fourteenth century through the early seventeenth century, this new individualism grew steadily in Western European culture with a motivation fed by man’s desire to define and evaluate the essential values between men of antiquity and the emerging modern man. Not only did artists and writers turn to classical culture for inspiration, they set new goals. They explored the relationship between ancient cultures and their own cultures, and by doing so, they discovered a new vision of human life, of man as a glorious creature capable of developing his mind and body to reach his fullest potential toward perfection. 63．The word “supersede” (in paragraph 1) most probably means ________. A．keep pace with B．make full use of C．give rise to D．take the place of 64．Which of the following shows the correct time order (from far to near) of the three periods? A．the Dark Ages, the Renaissance, the Roman Empire B．the Renaissance, the Roman Empire, the Dark Ages C．the Roman Empire, the Dark Ages, the Renaissance D．the Dark Ages, the Roman Empire, the Renaissance 65．Why is Petrarch mentioned in the passage? A．He coined the term “Renaissance”, which has been in use for over 700 years. B．His belief in personal perfection was the fundamental idea of the Renaissance. C．His prediction of the comeback of Latin and Greek classics inspired many artists. D．He translated ancient texts to Latin and Greek, leading to the start of the Renaissance. 66．What can be concluded about artists and writers during period of the Renaissance? A．They failed to realize their own fullest potential. B．They developed their own cultures from ancient ones. C．They went beyond the classics with a new individualism. D．They did nothing more than recapture the glory of the ancients. 【答案】63．D 64．C 65．B 66．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文艺复兴时代的特点和意义，以及该时期的知识分子思想的觉醒。 63．词句猜测题。根据该单词下一句“This phenomenon produced the Renaissance, a period when art, literature, language, and philosophy found new and extraordinary interpretations in the hands of the Humanists.(这一现象产生了文艺复兴时期，在这个时期，艺术、文学、语言和哲学在人文主义者的手中找到了新的、非凡的解释)”可知，这场运动的影响非常深远，艺术、文学、语言和哲学都有了全新的解释。由此判断，这场运动取代了之前古典时期的艺术和文学形式。选项A“keep pace with (和……一致)”；选项B“make full use of (充分利用)”；选项C“give rise to (导致)”；选项D“take the place of (取代)”。故选D。 64．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Petrarch believed that the end of classical antiquity and the beginning of a thousand years of darkness, which he characterized as “the Dark Ages”, came with the destruction of the Roman Empire by invasions in 476 A.D. The awakening from this period was a time of rebirth, which he distinguished as the New Age. Petrarch’s view limited the Rinascita to the comeback of Latin and Greek classics from antiquity based on translations of ancient text. Most significant was his belief that the pagans (异教徒) of antiquity were much inspired by the pursuit of arts and literature in an effort to reach the highest potential of perfection on earth. This belief led to a new sense of individualism and enlightenment that characterized the age of the Renaissance as one that was against the old beliefs that man’s earthly life was merely a function of the social order. (Petrarch认为，随着公元476年罗马帝国被入侵摧毁，古典古代的终结和千年黑暗的开始（他称之为“黑暗时代”）随之而来。从这一时期开始的觉醒是一个重生的时期，他将其称为新时代。Petrarch的观点将“复兴”限制在以古代文本翻译为基础的拉丁语和希腊语经典的回归上。最重要的是他相信古代的异教徒受到了对艺术和文学的追求的启发，努力达到地球上完美的最高潜力。这种信念导致了一种新的个人主义和启蒙思想，这是文艺复兴时代的特征，它与认为人类的世俗生活只是社会秩序的一个功能的旧信仰相抵触)”可知，罗马帝国后为黑暗时代，然后为文艺复兴时代。故选C。 65．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The fourteenth century Italian poet Petrarch characterized the early stage of this movement as the New Age. In fact, it was his term, “Rinascita”, which comes from the Latin “renasci”, to be reborn, that eventually led to the term Renaissance that we use today.(14世纪意大利诗人Petrarch将这一运动的早期阶段称为“新时代”。事实上，正是他的术语“Rinascita”，来自拉丁语“renasci”，意思是重生，最终导致了我们今天使用的“文艺复兴”一词)”以及第三段“Petrarch’s view limited the Rinascita to the comeback of Latin and Greek classics from antiquity based on translations of ancient text. Most significant was his belief that the pagans (异教徒) of antiquity were much inspired by the pursuit of arts and literature in an effort to reach the highest potential of perfection on earth. This belief led to a new sense of individualism and enlightenment that characterized the age of the Renaissance as one that was against the old beliefs that man’s earthly life was merely a function of the social order.(Petrarch的观点将“复兴”限制在以古代文本翻译为基础的拉丁语和希腊语经典的回归上。最重要的是他相信古代的异教徒受到了对艺术和文学的追求的启发，努力达到地球上完美的最高潜力。这种信念导致了一种新的个人主义和启蒙思想，这是文艺复兴时代的特征，它与认为人类的世俗生活只是社会秩序的一个功能的旧信仰相抵触)”可推知，文章之所以提到Petrarch是因为Petrarch的观点导致了一种新的个人主义和启蒙思想，而这正是文艺复兴时代的特征，它与认为人类的世俗生活只是社会秩序的一个功能的旧信仰相抵触。故选B。 66．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Not only did artists and writers turn to classical culture for inspiration, they set new goals. They explored the relationship between ancient cultures and their own cultures, and by doing so, they discovered a new vision of human life, of man as a glorious creature capable of developing his mind and body to reach his fullest potential toward perfection.(艺术家和作家不仅从古典文化中寻找灵感，而且还设定了新的目标。他们探索了古代文化和他们自己的文化之间的关系，通过这样做，他们发现了人类生活的新愿景，即人类是一种璀璨的生物，能够发展他的思想和身体，以充分发挥他的潜力，走向完美)”可推知，文艺复兴时代的艺术家们和作家们从古典文化中寻求灵感，同时又超越了古典并最终成就了完美的自我。故选C。 Section C（六选四） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The Most Important Skill Nobody Taught You Before dying at the age of 39, Blaise Pascal made huge contributions to both physics and mathematics, notably in fluids, geometry, and probability. 67 Many fields that we now classify under the heading of social science did, in fact, also grow out of the foundation he helped lay. Interestingly enough, much of this was done in his teen years, with some of it coming in his twenties. As an adult, inspired by a religious experience, he actually started to move towards philosophy and theology (神学). Right before his death, he was discussing thoroughly fragments of private thoughts that would later be released as a collection by the name of Pensees. While the book is mostly a mathematician’s case for choosing a life of faith and belief, the more curious thing about it is its clear and comprehensible reflection on what it means to be human. 68 There is enough thought-provoking material in it to quote, and it attacks human nature from a variety of different angles, but one of its most famous thoughts aptly sums up the core of his argument: “ 69 ” According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, we dread boredom and instead choose aimless distraction, and we can’t help but run from the problems of our emotions into the false comforts of the mind. The issue at the root, essentially, is that we never learn the art of solitude. Today, more than ever, Pascal’s message rings true. 70 Information technologies have dominated our cultural direction. From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the internet, we have found ways to bring us all closer together, enabling constant worldly access. I can sit in my office in Canada and transport myself to practically anywhere I want through Skype. I don’t think I need to highlight the benefits of all this. But the downsides are also beginning to show, including leaks of privacy, unauthorized data collection and most importantly, our inability to sit quietly in a room by ourselves. A．All of humanity’s problems stem from man’s inability to sit quietly in a room alone. B．Solitude (独处) may not be the solution to everything, but it certainly is a start. C．If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it’s connectedness. D．It’s a blueprint of our psychology long before psychology was regarded as a formal discipline. E．These dedications, however, would influence more than just the realm (领域) of the natural sciences. F．Never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely and anxious in spite of being connected with everything else. 【答案】67．E 68．D 69．A 70．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Blaise Pascal在文章表明，人类的很多问题都是因为人类无法独自安静地坐在房间里而产生的，而信息技术的发展也阻碍人们学习独处的艺术。 67．根据上文“Before dying at the age of 39, Blaise Pascal made huge contributions to both physics and mathematics, notably in fluids, geometry, and probability.(在39岁去世之前，布莱斯·帕斯卡在物理学和数学方面做出了巨大贡献，尤其是在流体、几何和概率方面)”和下文“Many fields that we now classify under the heading of social science did, in fact, also grow out of the foundation he helped lay.(事实上，我们现在归类为社会科学的许多领域也都是在他帮助奠定的基础上发展起来的)”可知，布莱斯·帕斯卡的贡献不止在物理和数学领域。E项“These dedications, however, would influence more than just the realm (领域) of the natural sciences.(然而，这些奉献将不仅仅影响自然科学领域)”符合语境，选项中these dedications指代上文提到的huge contributions。故选E。 68．空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“While the book is mostly a mathematician’s case for choosing a life of faith and belief, the more curious thing about it is its clear and comprehensible reflection on what it means to be human. (虽然这本书主要是数学家选择信仰生活的案例，但更令人好奇的是，它对人到底意味着什么作出了清晰的反思)”可知，这本书还是人类意味着什么的反思，由此推知，空处陈述这本书在心理学的作用。D项“It’s a blueprint of our psychology long before psychology was regarded as a formal discipline.(早在心理学被视为一门正式学科之前，它就已经是我们心理学的蓝图)”符合语境。故选D。 69．根据上文“There is enough thought-provoking material in it to quote, and it attacks human nature from a variety of different angles, but one of its most famous thoughts aptly sums up the core of his argument: (其中有足够多发人深省的材料可以引用，它从各种不同的角度攻击人性，但它最著名的思想之一恰当地总结了他的论点的核心：)”推知，空处应陈述核心论点的具体内容。结合下文“According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, we dread boredom and instead choose aimless distraction, and we can’t help but run from the problems of our emotions into the false comforts of the mind. The issue at the root, essentially, is that we never learn the art of solitude.(根据帕斯卡的说法，我们害怕存在的沉默，我们害怕无聊，而是选择漫无目的的分心，我们忍不住从情绪的问题中逃到精神的虚假安慰中。从根本上讲，问题的根源在于我们从未学习过独处的艺术)”推知，核心论点是人类无法独处。A项“All of humanity’s problems stem from man’s inability to sit quietly in a room alone.(人类的所有问题都源于人类无法独自安静地坐在房间里)”符合题意。故选A。 70．根据上文“Today, more than ever, Pascal’s message rings true.(今天，帕斯卡的信息比以往任何时候都更加真实)”和下文“Information technologies have dominated our cultural direction. From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the internet, we have found ways to bring us all closer together, enabling constant worldly access. I can sit in my office in Canada and transport myself to practically anywhere I want through Skype.(信息技术主导了我们的文化方向。从电话到收音机，从电视到互联网，我们找到了让我们更紧密地联系在一起的方法，使我们能够不断地接触世界。我可以坐在加拿大的办公室里，通过Skype把自己带到几乎任何我想去的地方)”可知，今日，人们无时无刻想要联通，不想独处的情况证实了帕斯卡的说法。由此推知，空处应陈述现在人们的状态——无时无刻联通。C项“If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it’s connectedness.(如果用一个词来形容过去100年取得的进步，那就是连通性)”符合题意，下文是对选项的具体说明。故选C。 IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Socks Help You Sleep Better If you’re one of those people who has trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. To understand why you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body hums along at an average temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). But at night, your core body temperature dips as much as 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) over the course of six or seven hours of sleep. This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological (神经生物学) dance of falling asleep and staying asleep. And the faster you can lower the core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. Researchers have show that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm feet bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管扩张), which in turn lowers the body’s core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet. Scientists suppose that socked feet have a neurological effect as well. Inside the brain’s “thermostat (恒湿器)” is a type of neuron called a warm-sensitive neuron (WSN) that increases its firing rate when there’s a temperature difference between the body’s core temperature and extremities like the feet. Research has shown that WSN firing rates go way up on the beginning or slow wave or deep sleep and gradually decrease prior to waking up. So WSNs may play a role in generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. And if that is the case, warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power. In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special sleeping socks not only sped up the beginning of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking periods in half. If you are worried about becoming too warm while wearing socks in bed, look for ones made of natural breathable fibers. 71.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Putting on a pair of socks at bedtime helps you sleep better. Wearing socks promotes vasodilation, lowering the body’s core temperature faster, so that you will fall asleep faster. Warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，睡前穿双袜子能让你睡得更好。穿袜子可以促进血管舒张，更快地降低身体的核心温度，这样你就会更快地入睡。在睡觉前给脚预热给热敏神经器官元额外的能量产生困倦的感觉，帮助我们入睡并保持睡眠状态。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. ②And the faster you can lower the core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. Researchers have show that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm feet bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管扩张), which in turn lowers the body’s core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet. ③So WSNs may play a role in generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. And if that is the case, warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 It helps you sleep better to put on a pair of socks at bedtime. Wearing socks promotes vasodilation, which lowers the body’s core temperature faster, so that you will fall asleep faster. It is warming up the feet before bed time that gives WSNs an extra power generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. (运用了that引导的定语从句和现在分词作后置定语) [高分句型2] Wearing socks promotes vasodilation, lowering the body’s core temperature faster, so that you will fall asleep faster. (运用了动名词作主语、现在分词作后置定语和so that引导的结果状语从句) V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72.他总是对自己的工作充满了热情。(enthusiasm)(汉译英) 【答案】He is always full of enthusiasm for his work. 【详解】考查形容词、名词和固定搭配。根据句意可知，此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。表示“总是”应用副词always；表示“充满”的固定搭配为be full of，形容词作表语；表示“热情”应用名词enthusiasm，作宾语；表示“对……的热情”应用固定搭配enthusiasm for…；表示“自己的工作”应用名词短语his work，应用主语是he，形容词性物主代词为his，作定语。句首字母大写，故翻译为He is always full of enthusiasm for his work。 73.我确信成功之道在于攻坚克难而非满腹牢骚。（convince）（汉译英） 【答案】I am convinced that the key to success is/lies in overcoming difficulties instead of complaining. 【详解】考查宾语从句和时态。本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时。我确信为“I am convinced that”后接宾语从句，成功的关键为“the key to success”，在于为“lie in”后接动名词，或者用主系表结构，动名词作表语。克服苦难为“overcome difficulties”，“而非满腹牢骚”为“instead of complaining”。故翻译为：I am convinced that the key to success is/lies in overcoming difficulties instead of complaining. 74.这座无法修补的老楼将被拆除，取而代之的是一座现代化的公园。（replace）（汉译英） 【答案】The old building which can’t be repaired will be torn down and replaced with a modern park. 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。表示“老楼”为the old building，作主语；后跟which引导的定语从句，表示“这座无法修补的”翻译为which can’t be repaired；表示“被拆除”应用为be torn down，表示“取而代之”短语为be replaced with；表示“一座现代化的公园”短语为a modern park。为一般将来时的被动语态。故翻译为The old building which can’t be repaired will be torn down and replaced with a modern park. 75.教师如果不了解学生的心理状态就会发现很难与其沟通。 (track) （汉译英） 【答案】If teachers lose track of students’ state of mind, they’ll find it hard to communicate with them. 【详解】考查状语从句和短语。If引导条件状语从句，主语为复数名词teachers；表示“不了解”短语为lose track of；表示“学生的心理状态”为students’ state of mind；主句主语为they；表示“发现……”应用find it adj. to do sth.，it作形式宾语；表示“发现很难与其沟通”翻译为find it hard to communicate with them。此处主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。故翻译为If teachers lose track of students’ state of mind, they’ll find it hard to communicate with them. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生，学校将在暑假期间重新装修图书馆，校报正在开展英语征文活动，题目为“Small changes make an ideal school library”。你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章，内容包括： 1．描述你希望图书馆发生的1~2个变化 2．说明你的理由 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Small Changes Make an Ideal School Library As a student of Mingqi High School, I am excited about the upcoming renovation of our library during the summer vacation. Among the many potential improvements, I particularly envision two important changes. Firstly, I hope to see more comfortable seating arrangements, including sofas and beanbags, to create a cozy reading environment. Secondly, I propose introducing a digital reading zone with computers and tablets, enabling students to access e-books and online resources effortlessly. These changes are crucial because they directly enhance the student experience. Comfortable seating encourages longer reading sessions, fostering a deeper engagement with books.  Meanwhile, the digital reading zone caters to the modern learning trends, making it easier for students to access information beyond the physical shelves. With these small yet impactful adjustments, our library will transform into an ideal learning hub that meets the needs of both traditional and digital learners. 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇开放性作文。要求考生以“Small changes make an ideal school library”为题，写一篇文章投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 首先：firstly→to begin with 许多的：many→a number of 重要的：important→significant 加强：enhance→strengthen 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Firstly, I hope to see more comfortable seating arrangements, including sofas and beanbags, to create a cozy reading environment. 拓展句：Firstly, I hope to see more comfortable seating arrangements, which include sofas and beanbags, to create a cozy reading environment. 【点睛】[高分句型1] These changes are crucial because they directly enhance the student experience.（运用了because引导原因状语从句） [高分句型2] With these small yet impactful adjustments, our library will transform into an ideal learning hub that meets the needs of both traditional and digital learners.（运用了that引导定语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（61北京）股份有限公司1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$