Unit 5.3 Using language-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册五维课堂Word课时作业（外研版2019）

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．A 　characteristic　(特征)of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water. 2．His books have sold more than 20 million copies 　worldwide　(遍及全世界)． 3．In the Xia Dynasty，China had gradually entered the slave society from the 　primitive　(原始的) society. 4．You should not b　lame 　others for what is your own fault. 5．An increase in the cars has resulted in the 　decline 　(下降) of public transport. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The managing director was blamed 　for　 accident，although it was really not his fault. 2．Exports are 　on　 the decline now that some European governments are cutting back on spending. 3．The number of giant pandas which are native 　to　 China has increased since the government's protection measures were carried out. 4．The news that they 　had discovered　 (discover)oil in the desert made us happy. 5．They stole my wallet，because I 　had forgotten　 (forget )to lock the locker. 6．If we had 　started　 (start) earlier，we should not have missed the meeting this morning. 7．It was the first time that he 　had met　 (meet )so strange a kind of car. 8．I found the lecture hard to follow because it 　had started　(start) when I arrived. 9．By the end of last week，they 　had finished　(finish)80 percent of the work. 10．The twins, who 　had finished　(finish)their homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground. 11．He 　turned　 (turn)to his friends to take him in because he had lost his wallet and had nowhere to go. 12．I 　had intended　(intend)to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor. 13．The man 　had written　(write)about 300 pieces of music till then. 14．When walking down the street，I came across David, whom I 　hadn't seen　(not see)for years. 15．I would rather I 　had followed 　(follow)your advice before. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．布朗先生在我起床前就已经做好了早餐。 Mr Brown 　had cooked breakfast　 before I got up. 2．老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。 He 　had finished weeping　 the classroom when the teacher returned from the office. 3．那两个陌生人交谈起来就好像他们是多年的好朋友一样。 The two strangers talked as if they 　had been friends　 for many years. 4．约翰和简在结婚前就已经彼此认识很长时间了。 John and Jane 　had known each other　 for a long time before their marriage. 5．我本打算去看你的，但没能去成。 I 　had intended　 to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. Ⅲ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passenger pigeons (旅鸽) once 1.　 　(fly) over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.When its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers 2.　 　(become) smaller already, a flock (群) believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long 3.　 (see) near Cincinnati. Sadly, where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever­lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons 4.　 　(settle) to feed, then threw large nets over them,5.　 　(take) hundreds at a time.The birds 6.　 　(ship) to large cities and sold in restaurants. By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested 7.　 　(damage) by Americans' need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds 8.　 　(go) farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms 9.　 　(contribute) to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again. In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks 10.　 　(see) in the state for 10 years. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的旅鸽因为遭到人们过度捕杀，和因为栖息地流失进行迁移，导致其数量锐减，大规模的鸽群再也没有出现。 1．flew　[考查动词的时态。句意：旅鸽曾经以令人难以置信的数量飞过美国的大部分地区。根据上文once可知应用一般过去时。故填flew。] 2．had become　[考查动词的时态。句意：直到1870年，那时它们的数量已经变得很少，人们还在辛辛那提附近看到了一群据信有1英里宽、320英里(约515公里)长的旅鸽。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句的谓语动词，结合前后语境，“数量变少”发生在“1870年”之前，即“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had become。] 3．was seen　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：直到1870年，那时它们的数量已经变得很少，人们还在辛辛那提附近看到了一群据信有1英里宽、320英里(约515公里)长的旅鸽。分析句子可知，此处为主句谓语动词，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为a flock，谓语动词用单数。故填was seen。] 4．had settled　[考查动词的时态。句意：商业猎人用谷物把鸽子吸引到一小块空地上，等鸽子安顿下来进食后，就用大网罩住它们，一次网几百只。在时间状语从句中，表示某一时刻之前已经完成的动作可用过去完成时。故填had settled。] 5．taking　[考查非谓语动词。句意：商业猎人用谷物把鸽子吸引到一小块空地上，等鸽子安顿下来进食后，就用大网罩住它们，一次网几百只。分析句子结构可知，take在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语hunters构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填taking。] 6．were shipped　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这些鸟被运到大城市，在餐馆里出售。分析句子可知，此处为句子谓语动词，结合上下文语境可知用一般过去时，主语birds与谓语动词ship构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为birds，谓语动词用复数。故填were shipped。] 7．had been damaged　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：到了19世纪的最后几十年，因为对木材的需求，旅鸽筑巢的硬木森林遭到了美国人的破坏，这导致了鸽群的分散，迫使它们向更远的北方迁徙，在那里，寒冷的气温和春季的暴风雨导致了它们的减少。分析句子可知，此处为主句谓语动词，根据上文“By the closing decades of the 19th century”可知应用过去完成时，主语the hardwood forests与谓语动词damage构成被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been damaged。] 8．to go　[考查非谓语动词。句意：到了19世纪的最后几十年，因为对木材的需求，旅鸽筑巢的硬木森林遭到了美国人的破坏，这导致了鸽群的分散，迫使它们向更远的北方迁徙，在那里，寒冷的气温和春季的暴风雨导致了它们的减少。结合句意表示“迫使……做某事”短语为force...to do sth.。故填to go。] 9．contributed　[考查动词的时态。句意：到了19世纪的最后几十年，因为对木材的需求，旅鸽筑巢的硬木森林遭到了美国人的破坏，这导致了鸽群的分散，迫使它们向更远的北方迁徙，在那里，寒冷的气温和春季的暴风雨导致了它们的减少。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句的谓语动词，从句中描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填contributed。] 10．had been seen　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：1897年，密歇根州通过了一项法律，禁止捕杀旅鸽，但到那时，该州已经有10年没有出现过规模可观的鸽群了。结合上文by then可知“see”发生在“法律通过”之前，即“过去的过去”应用过去完成时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been seen。] Ⅰ.阅读理解 Animals, including insects, do not have a language like ours.They do not talk to each other in words and sentences.But if we watch them, we can see that they do have ways of communicating with each other. Can you see the rabbits' tail? When rabbits see this white tail moving up and down, they run too.The rabbit has reminded them of potential dangers without making a sound.It has given them a signal. Many other animals use this kind of language.When a cobra (眼镜蛇) is angry, it raises its hood (兜帽) and makes itself look fierce.This warns other animals.When a bee has found some food, it goes back to its home.It cannot tell the other bees where the food is by speaking to them, but it does a little dance in the air.This tells the bees where the food is. Some animals say things by making sound.A dog barks, for example, when a stranger comes near.A cat purrs (猫的呜呜声) when pleased.Some birds make several different sounds, each with its own meaning.Sometimes we human beings speak in the same way.We make sounds like “Oh！” or “Ah！” when we are frightened or pleased or when we drop something on our toes. But we have something that no animals have－a large number of words which have the meanings of things, actions, feelings or ideas.We are able to give each other all kinds of different information in words and sentences, which no other animals can do.No other animals have so wonderful a language as we have. 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Animals do have a language like that of human beings. B．Bees communicate with each other by dancing. C．Some animals can use words. D．A dog barks to show its friendliness. 2．A rabbit uses its tail to 　 　. A．warn other rabbits of danger B．tell other rabbits where food is C．make itself look fierce D．help it to run fast 3．Several different sounds can be made by 　 　. A．cats　　　　　　　 B．rabbits C．bees D．birds 4．What is this passage mainly about? A．Humans' language is more wonderful than animals' language. B．People should pay attention to animals' body language and sounds. C．Animals have their own ways to communicate with each other. D．Animals are smarter than we think. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物虽然不像人类一样拥有文字，却有自己的交流方式，短文中讲述了一些动物之间的交际及交流的方式。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...but it does a little dance in the air.This tells the bees where the food is(但它会在空中跳舞。这告诉蜜蜂食物在哪里)”可知，蜜蜂通过舞蹈相互交流。故选B。] 2．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ When rabbits see this white tail moving up and down, they run too.The rabbit has reminded them of potential dangers without making a sound.(当兔子看到这条白尾巴上下移动时，它们也会跑。这只兔子无声无息地提醒他们注意潜在的危险。)”可知，兔子用尾巴提醒同类有危险。故选A。] 3．D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Some birds make several different sounds, each with its own meaning.(有些鸟会发出几种不同的声音，每一种都有自己的意思)”可知，鸟类可以发出几种不同的声音。故选D。] 4．C　[主旨大意题。根据第一段的句子“Animals, including insects, do not have a language like ours.They do not talk to each other in words and sentences.But if we watch them, we can see that they do have ways of communicating with each other.(动物，包括昆虫，没有我们这样的语言。它们不会用语言和句子交谈。但是如果我们观察它们，我们可以看到它们确实有彼此交流的方式。) ”可知动物有自己的交流方式，因此这篇短文中主要讲述了一些动物之间的交际及交流的方式，故选C。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month.　 1 　 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.　 2 　 We know that，while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells，but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight，making room for fresh memories to form the next day.　 3 　 Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 　 4 　 The synapses (突触) in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononi's theory is right，it would explain why，when we miss a night's sleep，we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information－our brains may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seemed to be protected and stayed the same size.　 5 　“You keep what matters，”Tononi says. A．We should also try to sleep well the night before. B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C．Similarly，when people go for a few days without sleeping，they get sick. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi，who developed the idea. G．Tonoi's team measured the size of these connections，or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人和动物需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。 1．C　[根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month.可知如果实验室里的老鼠不睡觉，一个月它们就死了。同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病。人和动物形成对应，死和生病形成对应，故选C。] 2．E　[前一句提到睡觉有助于我们加强新的记忆。所以学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后为因果关系，故选E。] 3．F　[根据下文中的he可知，此处要提到一个人以及他的理论正好F项中有，故选F。] 4．G　[根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice 以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词synapses和mice，都与他的实验有关，故答案为G。] 5．B　[根据后一句提到的You keep what matters“你记住重要的东西”可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$