Unit 5.3 Using language&Grammar-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册五维课堂同步Word教案（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Grammar [词汇精讲] 1.The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans. 平塔岛龟的灭绝应归因于人类。 *blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 ◆[佳句感知] She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death.她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。 [知识积累] (1)blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for...) 某人应该被谴责；应负责任(表示被动) (2)put /lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 accept /bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The police blamed the traffic accident 　on　 Jack's careless driving. ②Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame 　for　 the fire . ③If he fails his exams，he'll only have himself 　to blame　(blame)． (2)完成句子 ④You can't expect Terry 　to take all the blame　. 你不能指望特里承担所有的责任。 ⑤It's no use trying to 　put the blame on　 other people. 把责任推到别人身上是没有用的。 2.After goats in particular had been brought to the island，the Pinta Island tortoise population declined. 特别是山羊被带到岛上之后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。 *decline v．减少 ◆[佳句感知] The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000. 员工人数已从 217 000 人减少到 114 000 人。 [知识积累] (1)decline by...　　　　下降了…… decline to... 下降到…… decline in... 在……方面减少/降低 (2)decline v. 降低；拒绝，谢绝 decline an offer/invitation 拒绝工作机会邀请 decline to do sth. 拒绝去做某事 (3)decline n. 减少；衰落 a decline in... 在……方面减少/降低 in decline/on the decline 在下降低 fall/go into decline 开始衰落/下降 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①There has been a decline 　in　 the size of families. ②Since the beginning of 2019，the price of worldwide milk products has declined 　by　 3.8%. ③There's a widely held belief that educational standards are 　in　 decline. (2)完成句子 ④The port 　 fell into decline　 in the 1950s. 港口在20世纪50年代开始衰落了。 ⑤The court 　declined to look into　 her case again. 法院拒绝再次调查她的案件。 ⑥Mary 　declined my invitation　 to dinner. 玛丽拒绝了我的晚餐邀请。 3.Look at the pictures of the species native to different regions of China. 看这些图片，这些物种原产于中国的不同地区。 *be native to 源于……的，原产于…… ◆[佳句感知] As is known to us all，pandas are native to west China. 众所周知，熊猫原产于中国西部。 [知识积累] a native of　是……本地人，是……本地动/植物 native language/tongue 本国语，本地语，母语 go native 入乡随俗(幽默用法) ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①These kinds of fish are native 　to　 North America. ②He has become a native　 of 　Glasgow. ③The bear was once a native 　of　 Britain. (2)完成句子 ④They have never seen their 　native land　 since they left it . 他们再也没有看到他们的祖国了。 ⑤English is not 　the native language　 for almost half of our overseas visitors. 对于几乎一半的海外游客来说，英语不是母语。 ⑥Austen has been living in New Guinea so long that he 　has gone native　. 奥斯丁在新几内亚生活了这么久，他已经入乡随俗了。 过去完成时 自我探究 总结归纳 ①What's more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that... 句子①中的谓语为had received，其时态为过去完成时。 ②After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. 句子②中after引导的时间状语从句中的谓语为had spent，其时态为过去完成时；主句的谓语为was crowded，其时态为一般过去时；主句中所含的定语从句中的谓语为had collected，其时态为过去完成时。 ③At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time... 句子③中主句的谓语为believed，其时态为一般过去时；宾语从句中的谓语为had appeared，其时态为过去完成时。 ④It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island. 句子③中主句的谓语为seemed，其时态为一般过去时；其后所跟的从句中的谓语为had evolved，其时态为过去完成时。 [语法精析] ◆[基本用法] 　过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。 一、过去完成时的构成 过去完成时是由“had＋过去分词”构成的。 Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake. 我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。 The man sitting beside me on the plane was very nervous.He had not flown before. 飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张。他以前从没乘过飞机。 二、过去完成时的用法 构成：had＋动词的过去分词 1．表示动作的完成 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。这一过去时间可用 by，before等构成的短语及 when, before，after，by the time等引导的状语从句表示。 By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 cars. 到去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆汽车。 The train had left before we reached the station. 我们到车站时，火车已经开走了。 [针对训练] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①By the end of last year，he 　had collected　 (collect)more than 100 foreign records. ②I 　had finished　(finish)my homework before I had supper. ③When he reached the nearby shop, it 　had already been closed　！ 当他到达附近的商店时，它已经关门了！ ④　By the time they got there　，the fire had already been put out. 当他们到了那里，火已经扑灭了。 2．表示动作的延续 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作，这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与 for，since 构成的表示一段时间的短语或 since 引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。 When I saw him，he had not eaten anything for two days. 当我看到他时，他已经两天没吃任何东西了。 [针对训练] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①John and Jane 　had known　(know) each other for a long time before their marriage. ②He said that great changes 　had taken　(take) place in his hometown since 1990. ③When the police found him，the criminal 　had been in the cave 　for nearly a month. 当警察找到他时，罪犯已经在山洞里呆了将近一个月了。 ④It was six and he was tired because 　he had worked　 since the day broke. 已经六点了，他很累，因为他从那天起就工作了。 3．表示原本打算做而未做 表示过去未实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/ intended/thought/wanted/expected 等，相当于上述动词过去式接不定式完成式，即 hoped/planned/...＋to have done。 I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.＝I intended to have called on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor. 我本打算昨天去拜访你的，但是来了一位不速之客。 [针对训练] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They 　had wanted　(want) to help but couldn't get here in time. ②He 　had hoped　 (hope)to catch the 8：00 bus，but found it gone. ③I 　had intended to make a cake　，but I ran out of time. 想做个蛋糕，但我没时间了。 ④They 　had planned to have a rest　 in the café，but something unexpected happened. 他们本来打算在咖啡馆休息，但发生了意想不到的事情。 4．常用过去完成时的句式 (1)It/This/That was the first/second...time that sb.had done sth. 这/那是某人第一次/第二次……做某事。 It was the third time that he had made the same mistake. 那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。 (2)It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从某人做某事以来多久了。 It was ten years since he had left Beijing. 他离开北京已经十年了。 (3)表示“一……就”的两个(hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...) We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们刚坐下，公交车就开了。 (4)虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的假设if从句和 wish/would rather/only if后的从句中用过去完成时。 I wish I had been at your party last Tuesday. 我希望上周二我参加了你的聚会。 [针对训练] 单句语法填空/句型转换 ①This was the second time that the musician 　had toured　(tour) Europe. ②The audience had hardly been seated 　when　 the saxophone solo started. ③If he 　had taken　(take) your advice，he would have passed the driving test. ④I would rather you 　had been　(be) here yesterday. ⑤I had no sooner finished the work than the light went out. →　I had hardly finished the work when the light went out.　 (hardly) →　No sooner had I finished the work than the light went out.　(倒装句) 5．几个时态的区别 (1)过去完成时与一般过去时的区别。 ①过去完成时表示在过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 ②在含有 after 或 before 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he left the room，the boss came in. 他离开房间后，老板进来了。 We arrived home before it snowed. 我们在下雪前到了家。 ③“时间名词＋before”在句子中作状语，句子用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ago”在句中作状语，句子用一般过去时。 He said his first teacher had died 10 years before.他说他的第一位老师十年前就去世了。 He left school 3 years ago.他三年前离开了学校。 (2)过去完成时和现在完成时的区别：现在完成时以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去；而过去完成时则以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去。 I have lived in Beijing for one year. 我已经在北京住了一年了。(到现在为止) I had lived in Shanghai for three years before I went to Beijing. 在去北京之前我曾在上海住了三年。(动作发生在去北京之前) [针对训练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子 ①My friend Andrew 　had lived　(live) in a foreign country for many years before he returned to England. ②He once 　worked　(work) as a lecturer，but now he is a manager. ③His brother 　has been　(be)the conductor of the orchestra for many years. ④He 　had learned　(learn)maths all by himself by the age of fourteen. ⑤他们5点钟已经完成了他们的作业。 　They had finished their homework at five o'clock.　 ⑥他们是5点钟完成的作业。 　They finished their homework at five o'clock.　 [综合演练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．By nine o'clock last night, we 　had got　( get)200 pictures from the spaceship. 2．He said he 　had worked　(work) in that factory since 1949. 3．Until then he 　had known　(know)nothing about it yet. 4．It was the third time that he 　had been　 (be) out of work that year. 5．They 　arrived　(arrive) at the station at ten yesterday. 6．I 　had meant　(mean)to come，but something happened. 7．The train 　had started　 (start)before I reached the station. 8．I wish I 　had gone　(go) with you to the concert yesterday. 9．Yesterday I 　returned　(return) the book that I had borrowed. 10．He 　has worked　 in this factory since he graduated from high school. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．By 5：00 yesterday morning，　we had done that work　. 到昨天早上 5 点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。 2．Next door to ours live a foreign couple，who seem to 　had got used to living　 in china. 我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。 3．The patient said that 　he had suffered from　 a bad back. 那个病人说他有过背疼的毛病。 4．If 　she had worked hard　，she would have succeeded. 要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。 5．Hardly 　had he begun to speak when　 the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$