外刊阅读:day 7 研究发现,我们婴儿时期的记忆可能并未消失 任务单-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025-07-30
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学段 高中
学科 英语
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年级 高三
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使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2025-2026
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外刊阅读 Step 1: Reading You Don’t Remember Being a Baby, but Your Brain Was Making Memories 研究发现,我们婴儿时期的记忆可能并未消失 词量:340词 Article Main idea Most adults cannot recall events before the age of four, a gap called infantile amnesia. Two main explanations have been proposed. The first blames the immature hippocampus, a deep brain region essential for memory. In this view, babies are like adult patients who lose the ability to store memories after damage to this area. The second suggests that memories are stored early but become inaccessible later, much like forgotten files on a computer. 段落大意:指出成人普遍无法回忆四岁前的经历,并引入“婴儿期遗忘”这一概念。 论证方法:通过“普遍现象”进行事实论证,并给出两种主流解释作对比论证。 文章逻辑:开篇提出核心议题,为下文展开实验研究做铺垫。 Recent work on mice supports the second idea. By stimulating special neurons in the hippocampus, scientists could retrieve memories that had seemed lost. But can human infants form memories in the first place? 段落大意:介绍小鼠实验支持“记忆被储存但无法读取”的第二解释。 论证方法:以“小鼠实验”为例证,通过因果论证说明刺激神经元可恢复记忆。 文章逻辑:承接首段两种解释,用动物实验为下文人类研究提供理论支持。 For ten years, our lab has faced the challenge of scanning awake babies with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Unlike sleeping infants, awake ones move, cry and ignore instructions. After more than 400 sessions, we developed games, songs and tiny mirrors to keep them still and happy. 段落大意:描述实验室十年来如何克服扫描清醒婴儿的技术难题。 论证方法:通过具体数字(400+ sessions)与对比论证(清醒 vs 熟睡婴儿)突出困难与解决策略。 文章逻辑:从理论过渡到实践,展现研究可行性,为实验结果的可信度作铺垫。 In our latest study, led by Tristan Yates, we showed one-year-olds pictures of faces, objects and scenes while recording hippocampal activity. Minutes later, each familiar picture was paired with a new one of the same kind. Babies looked longer at the photographs they had seen before, a sign of memory. Looking back at the brain data, we found that the hippocampus was more active during the first viewing of pictures that were later remembered. The clearest effects appeared after 12 months of age and in a subregion crucial for adult episodic memory. 段落大意:报告最新实验过程与结果——1岁婴儿的海马体可形成记忆。 论证方法:实验流程描述(展示图片→注视时间测量→脑区活动对比)形成因果链;用数据对比(12个月后效应更显著)强化结论。 文章逻辑:提供核心实证,直接回答“婴儿能否形成记忆”的疑问。 These findings indicate that the infant brain is already laying down memories, yet most of them remain locked away for life. Why they stay hidden, and whether we could ever unlock them, remains an open question. Understanding this mystery could shed light on language learning, developmental disorders and even memory loss in aging. 段落大意:总结研究发现的意义,并提出一系列未解之问与未来价值。 论证方法:归纳总结前文实验结论,通过设问与展望进行推理论证。 文章逻辑:收束全文,从结果上升到理论意义与应用前景,引发读者思考。 Step 2: Exercise 1、 阅读理解 1. What is the main idea of the text? A. Babies can speak earlier than scientists expected. B. Early memories exist but are hard to retrieve. C. The hippocampus stops growing after childhood. D. fMRI can cure diseases like Alzheimer’s. 2. The study with mice is mentioned mainly to ______. A. show similarities between mice and human babies B. prove the first explanation of infantile amnesia C. provide evidence for the second explanation D. introduce a new technology for brain imaging 3. What difficulty did the researchers overcome in the baby-fMRI project? A. Babies’ dislike of loud noises. B. Babies’ inability to stay awake. C. Babies’ constant movement and short attention. D. Parents’ refusal to let babies be scanned. 4. Which finding directly supports the idea that infants can store memories? A. Babies looked longer at new pictures than at familiar ones. B. The hippocampus was inactive during picture viewing. C. Hippocampal activity predicted which pictures were later remembered. D. Sleeping babies showed stronger hippocampal signals. 【答案解析】 1. B 定位:第1段gap…inaccessible;同义替换exist=are stored;错因:A未提语言,C错在“停止生长”,D错在“治愈”。 2. C 定位:第3段supports the second idea;错因:A非主旨,B与文意相反,D非重点。 3. C 定位:第4段move, cry, ignore;同义替换constant movement=move, short attention=ignore instructions;错因:A、B、D原文未提。 4. C 定位:末段hippocampus…later remembered;错因:A方向反,B与数据相反,D未提sleeping babies。 2、 语法填空 Scientists have long wondered why most people cannot remember being a baby. A recent study suggests that, rather than 25. ______ (fail) to form memories, infants store them in a way that adults cannot reach. Using fMRI, researchers examined babies as young as 12 months while 26. ______ (show) them pictures of toys and faces. Minutes later, the same images were paired with new ones. Babies tended to look longer at the pictures 27. ______ they had seen before, indicating memory. More importantly, the hippocampus—28. ______ region critical for memory—was more active during the first viewing of pictures that were later remembered. This 29. ______ (find) challenges the idea that the immature hippocampus prevents memory storage. Instead, it supports the view 30. ______ early memories are stored but become inaccessible over time. The question remains: 31. ______ can we ever unlock these hidden memories? Some scientists believe that special cues or brain stimulation 32. ______ (help) in the future, though others argue that early memories might be too simple to make sense of later. Understanding infant memory may not only explain infantile amnesia 33. ______ also provide insights into language learning and diseases 34. ______ affect memory in old age. 【答案解析】 25. failing 非谓语作主语。 26. showing 现在分词作状语。 27. that/which 定语从句,指代pictures。 28. the 特指hippocampus。 29. finding 名词作主语。 30. that 同位语从句。 31. how 疑问副词,表方式。 32. might/could 情态动词表推测,与in the future构成时态对比。 33. but 固定搭配not only…but also。 34. that/which 定语从句,指代diseases。 3、 写作积累 ⭐️Revealing …… may help advance understanding of …… and could have implications for …… 释义:揭示……或许有助于加深对……的理解,并且可能对……产生影响。 例句:Revealing the mechanisms of plant growth may help advance understanding of ecological balance and could have implications for agriculture. 翻译:揭示植物生长的机制或许有助于加深对生态平衡的理解,并且可能对农业产生影响。 Step 3: Learning recall 重点:动词/名词“回忆”;搭配:recall doing sth.;派生:recollection(名词)。 近义词:remember, recollect 反义词:forget, overlook 形近词:recollect(动词,回忆);recoil(动词,退缩) 拓展: recall → re-(再)+ call(叫) ├── recollection(名词,回忆) └── irrecallable(形容词,无法回忆的) amnesia 重点:名词“失忆”;派生:amnesiac(名词/形容词)。 近义词:forgetfulness, memory loss 反义词:memory, remembrance 形近词:anemia(贫血);ambrosia(美食) 拓展: amnesia → a-(无)+ mnes(记忆)+ -ia(病) ├── amnesiac(患失忆症的人) └── amnestic(形容词,遗忘的) hippocampus 重点:名词“海马体”;派生:hippocampal(形容词)。 近义词:(专业词,无通用近义) 反义词:— 形近词:hippopotamus(河马);campus(校园) 拓展: hippocampus → hippo(马)+ campus(海怪) ├── hippocampal(形容词,海马体的) └── hippocampi(复数) immature 重点:形容词“未成熟的”;词性转换:immaturity(名词)。 近义词:undeveloped, juvenile 反义词:mature, ripe 形近词:immune(免疫的);immure(监禁) 拓展: immature → im-(不)+ mature(成熟) ├── immaturity(名词,不成熟) └── premature(形容词,早熟的) store 重点:动词/名词“储存”;搭配:store up;派生:storage(名词)。 近义词:save, stock 反义词:discard, erase 形近词:story(故事);stork(鹳) 拓展: store → storage(名词,储存) ├── restore(动词,恢复) └── bookstore(名词,书店) inaccessible 重点:形容词“无法接近的”;派生:accessibility(名词)。 近义词:unreachable, unavailable 反义词:accessible, obtainable 形近词:inadmissible(不可接受的);inaccurate(不精确的) 拓展: inaccessible → in-(不)+ access(接近)+ -ible ├── accessibility(名词,可及性) └── accessible(形容词,可接近的) retrieve 重点:动词“重新获得”;搭配:retrieve information;派生:retrieval(名词)。 近义词:recover, regain 反义词:lose, misplace 形近词:receive(收到);relieve(缓解) 拓展: retrieve → re-(再)+ triev(找到)+ -e ├── retrieval(名词,检索) └── retrievable(形容词,可检索的) scan 重点:动词/名词“扫描”;搭配:brain scan;派生:scanner(名词)。 近义词:examine, inspect 反义词:ignore, overlook 形近词:scant(不足的);scar(伤疤) 拓展: scan → scanner(名词,扫描仪) ├── scanning(动名词,扫描) └── rescanned(动词过去分词,重新扫描) motion 重点:名词“运动”;固定搭配:in motion;派生:motionless(形容词)。 近义词:movement, activity 反义词:stillness, inertia 形近词:notion(概念);emotion(情感) 拓展: motion → mot(移动)+ -ion ├── motionless(形容词,静止的) └── promote(动词,促进) reflect 重点:动词“反射;反思”;搭配:reflect on;派生:reflection(名词)。 近义词:mirror, ponder 反义词:absorb, ignore 形近词:reflex(反射);deflect(偏转) 拓展: reflect → re-(回)+ flect(弯曲) ├── reflection(名词,反思) ├── reflective(形容词,反思的) └── deflect(动词,使偏转) region 重点:名词“区域”;搭配:brain region;派生:regional(形容词)。 近义词:area, zone 反义词:whole, entirety 形近词:religion(宗教);regimen(养生法) 拓展: region → regional(形容词,区域的) └── regionalism(名词,地方主义) indicate 重点:动词“表明”;派生:indication(名词)。 近义词:suggest, show 反义词:conceal, contradict 形近词:indict(起诉);intimate(暗示) 拓展: indicate → in-(向内)+ dic(说)+ -ate ├── indication(名词,指示) ├── indicator(名词,指示器) └── indicative(形容词,指示的) crucial 重点:形容词“至关重要的”;搭配:crucial to/for。 近义词:vital, critical 反义词:trivial, minor 形近词:crucible(坩埚);crucifix(十字架) 拓展: crucial → cruc(十字)+ -ial ├── crucifixion(名词,钉十字架) └── cruciform(形容词,十字形的) episode 重点:名词“片段”;派生:episodic(形容词)。 近义词:incident, event 反义词:continuum, whole 形近词:epidemic(流行病);epitome(缩影) 拓展: episode → episodic(形容词,片段的) ├── episodically(副词,片段地) └── epic(形容词,史诗的) mystery 重点:名词“谜”;派生:mysterious(形容词)。 近义词:puzzle, enigma 反义词:clarity, explanation 形近词:mastery(精通);misery(痛苦) 拓展: mystery → myst(神秘)+ -ery ├── mysterious(形容词,神秘的) └── mystify(动词,使迷惑) shed light on 重点:短语“阐明”;常考替换:throw light on。 近义词:clarify, explain 反义词:obscure, cloud 形近词:— 拓展: shed → shedding(动名词,脱落) ├── watershed(名词,分水岭) └── woodshed(名词,柴房) disorder 重点:名词“紊乱”;搭配:developmental disorder;派生:disordered(形容词)。 近义词:ailment, disease 反义词:order, health 形近词:border(边界);order(顺序) 拓展: disorder → dis-(不)+ order(顺序) ├── disorderly(形容词,混乱的) └── reorder(动词,重新排序) affect 重点:动词“影响”;与effect(名词)常考辨析。 近义词:influence, impact 反义词:ignore, spare 形近词:effect(名词,效果);infect(感染) 拓展: affect → affective(形容词,情感的) ├── affection(名词,喜爱) └── unaffected(形容词,不受影响的) remain 重点:系动词“仍然”;搭配:remain hidden;派生:remainder(名词)。 近义词:stay, continue 反义词:disappear, vanish 形近词:remind(提醒);realm(领域) 拓展: remain → remainder(名词,剩余物) ├── remaining(形容词,剩余的) └── remains(名词,残骸) evidence 重点:名词“证据”;搭配:provide evidence;派生:evident(形容词)。 近义词:proof, indication 反义词:disproof, refutation 形近词:evident(明显的);evidence-based(循证的) 拓展: evidence → e-(出)+ vid(看)+ -ence ├── evident(形容词,明显的) ├── evidentiary(形容词,证据的) └── self-evident(形容词,不言自明的) Step 4: Complex Sentence 长难句1: 原句: Recent work on mice supports the second idea, that memories are stored early but become inaccessible later, much like forgotten files on a computer. 汉语翻译: 最近的小鼠研究支持第二种观点:记忆在生命早期就被储存,但随后变得无法读取,就像电脑中被遗忘的文件一样。 层级结构图: · Recent work on mice (主语) · supports (谓语) · the second idea (宾语) · → that memories are stored early but become inaccessible later (同位语从句,解释idea) · → much like forgotten files on a computer (状语,修饰整句) 长难句2: 原句: These findings indicate that the infant brain is already laying down memories, yet most of them remain locked away for life, and whether we could ever unlock them remains an open question. 汉语翻译: 这些发现表明,婴儿大脑已经在储存记忆,然而其中大多数终生被锁住,而我们是否能够解锁它们仍是一个未解之谜。 层级结构图: · These findings (主语) · indicate (谓语) · that-clause (宾语从句) · the infant brain (从句主语) · is already laying down memories (从句谓语+宾语) · → yet most of them remain locked away for life (转折并列分句) · → and whether we could ever unlock them remains an open question (并列分句,主语为whether-主语从句) Step 5: Review 序号 英语 汉语 序号 英语 汉语 序号 英语 汉语 1 recall 8 scan 15 mystery 2 amnesia 9 motion 16 shed light on 3 hippocampus 10 reflect 17 disorder 4 immature 11 region 18 affect 5 store 12 indicate 19 remain 6 inaccessible 13 crucial 20 evidence 7 retrieve 14 episode Step 6: Translate 大多数成年人无法回忆起四岁以前的经历,这段空白被称为“婴儿期遗忘”。对此,学界提出了两种主要解释。第一种归咎于尚未成熟的海马体——大脑深处一个对记忆至关重要的区域。按此观点,婴儿与那些因该区域受损而丧失记忆储存能力的成年病人无异。第二种则认为,记忆其实早在婴儿期就已形成,只是后来变得无法读取,就像电脑里被遗忘的文件。 近期对老鼠的研究支持了第二种观点。通过刺激海马体内的特定神经元,科学家成功唤回了那些看似已消失的记忆。然而,人类婴儿究竟能不能形成记忆呢? 十年来,我们实验室一直致力于用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)扫描清醒的婴儿。与熟睡的婴儿不同,醒着的他们常常扭动、哭闹,不听指令。经过四百多次尝试,我们设计出游戏、儿歌和小镜子,让他们既安静又开心。 在特里斯坦·耶茨主持的这项最新研究中,我们给一岁左右的婴儿观看人脸、物品和场景的图片,同时记录海马体的活动。几分钟后,每张熟悉的图片都与同类的新图配对出现。婴儿对自己见过的照片注视时间更长,这是记忆存在的标志。回溯脑数据,我们发现:后来能被记住的图片,在首次呈现时海马体反应更强。这种效应在12个月以上的婴儿中最为明显,且集中在成年情景记忆所依赖的海马体亚区。 这些发现表明,婴儿大脑已在“存档”记忆,但这些记忆大多终生封存。它们为何深藏不露?我们能否有朝一日解锁它们?仍是未解之谜。破解这一谜团或许能为我们理解语言习得、发育障碍乃至老年记忆衰退带来新的曙光。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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外刊阅读:day 7 研究发现,我们婴儿时期的记忆可能并未消失 任务单-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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外刊阅读:day 7 研究发现,我们婴儿时期的记忆可能并未消失 任务单-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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外刊阅读:day 7 研究发现,我们婴儿时期的记忆可能并未消失 任务单-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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