精品解析：北京丰台区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末英语试题

丰台区2024～2025学年度第二学期期末练习 高二英语 考生须知 1．答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育：ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2．本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3．请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4．本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 笔试（共三部分100分） 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5 分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 At the start of my career, I went to one of my first professional dinners. There were eight of us from a few different companies who were exploring working together. As luck would have it, we turned out to be a painfully ___1___ table of socially awkward introverts (内向的人). Each attempt to get a conversation going fell flat. Each person ___2___ their food instead of making eye contact. Eating was easier than talking. While I struggled to think of what to say out loud, there was a lively chatter running in my head: I ___3___ these dinners. They’re awkward and unnatural and I wish I was at home reading a book or organizing my sock drawer by color. I ____4____ my brain to think of something to talk about and kept coming up blank. Playing with my water glass for the seventh time, I kept my eyes down on my napkin (纸巾). Just when the ___5___ got to the point of feeling unbearable, our tablemate Aaron cleared his throat, “I’m building a deck (露台) on the back of my home.” Everyone moved forward and breathed out with ___6___. Finally, someone was talking! It was not the conversation starter expected at a business dinner, but we were so grateful for the contribution As Aaron told his story, the table came to life. Laughter ___7___ tension. Silence became energy. Other tables looked over at ours. Each of us hit Aaron with different questions. The story not only created a shift, but it also created a(n) ___8___. The dinner was to talk about a project where Aaron’s company would be a potential vendor (供应商) for my company. I was getting ready for sales talks and requests. ____9____, I got someone willing to share real life and moments for the sole purpose of improving an interaction. He was my _____10_____ for removing the awkwardness from the situation. 1. A. clean B. quiet C. messy D. modern 2. A. focused on B. discussed over C. ate up D. prepared for 3 A. hold B. remember C. miss D. hate 4. A. relaxed B. trained C. controlled D. willed 5. A. conflict B. tension C. pleasure D. comfort 6. A. concern B. regret C. anger D. relief 7. A. reflected B. ignored C. replaced D. delayed 8. A. plan B. system C. rule D. connection 9 A. Instead B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Meanwhile 10. A. protector B. friend C. leader D. hero 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者初入职场参加专业晚宴，同席者皆内向，气氛尴尬，直到亚伦开口聊建露台，打破沉默，建立联系，成了消除尴尬的英雄。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们是一群社交尴尬的内向者。A. clean干净的；B. quiet安静的；C. messy杂乱的；D. modern现代的。根据下文“Each attempt to get a conversation going fell flat.”（每次开启对话的尝试都失败了）以及“socially-awkward introverts”（社交尴尬的内向者）可知，这一桌人都不怎么说话，所以是相当安静的一桌。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每个人都把注意力集中在自己的食物上，而没有眼神交流。A. focused on专注于；B. discussed over讨论；C. ate up吃光；D. prepared for为……做准备。根据上文提到的社交尴尬的内向者，以及下文“instead of making eye contact”可知，因为大家都很内向，不善于交流，所以每个人都专注于自己的食物上。故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：正当我挣扎着想要大声说些什么时，我的脑海里突然响起了一个生动的声音：我讨厌这些晚餐。A. hold举办，持有；B. remember记得；C. miss错过，想念；D. hate讨厌。根据下文“They’re awkward and unnatural and I wish I was at home reading a book or organizing my sock drawer by color.”（它们既尴尬又不自然，我希望我在家看书或者按颜色整理我的袜子抽屉）可以看出作者讨厌这些晚宴。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想让我的大脑想一些可以谈论的话题，但一直是一片空白。A. relaxed放松；B. trained训练；C. controlled控制；D. willed用意志力驱使，希望。根据下文“and kept coming up blank”可知，作者努力让自己的大脑想出些话题来聊，“will” 有“用意志力驱使；希望”的意思，这里表示作者在心里努力想话题。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在气氛紧张到让人无法忍受的时候，我们的同桌亚伦清了清嗓子，“我要在我家后面搭一个平台。”A. conflict冲突；B. tension紧张；C. pleasure愉快；D. comfort舒适。根据前面提到大家都很尴尬，不说话，以及下文“got to the point of feeling unbearable”可知，这里指这种紧张的氛围达到了难以忍受的程度。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都向前移动，松了一口气。A. concern关心，担忧；B. regret后悔；C. anger愤怒；D. relief宽慰，轻松。根据下文“Finally, someone was talking!”可知，当亚伦开始说话时，大家都向前倾并且松了一口气，因为终于有人打破了沉默。故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：笑声取代了紧张。A. reflected反映，反射；B. ignored忽视；C. replaced取代；D. delayed延迟。根据上文“As Aaron told his story, the table came to life.”可知，亚伦讲的故事让大家活跃起来，笑声取代了紧张。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事不仅创造了一种转变，还创造了一种联系。A. plan计划；B. system系统；C. rule规则；D. connection联系。根据下文“The dinner was to talk about a project where Aaron’s company would be a potential vendor (供应商) for my company.”可知，这个故事不仅改变了氛围，还建立了一种联系。这次晚宴本来是谈业务的，亚伦的故事让大家有了交流，建立了情感上的联系。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我找到了一个愿意分享真实生活和时刻的人，唯一的目的是改善互动。A. Instead相反的是；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“I was getting ready for sales talks and requests.”以及下文“I got someone-willing to share real life and moments”可知，作者本来准备进行销售谈话和提出请求，相反，作者得到了一个愿意分享真实生活瞬间来改善互动的人。这里表示情况与预期相反。故选A项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我心目中的英雄，他化解了当时的尴尬局面。A. protector保护者；B. friend朋友；C. leader领导者；D. hero英雄。根据下文“…for removing the awkwardness from the situation”可知，亚伦打破了尴尬的局面，所以他是作者心中消除这种尴尬局面的英雄。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分。共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Inside your head are tiny liquid-filled structures ____11____ (call) vestibular (前庭) organs. These tell your brain ____12____ fast your body is moving and in what direction. This combines with your other senses to help your brain understand what your body is doing. On a plane, these signals don’t agree. Your eyes tell your brain that you are sitting still, but your vestibular organs sense that you are speeding ____13____ hundreds of miles per hour. These conflicting signals can make you feel unwell. 【答案】11. called 12. how 13. at 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了头部的前庭器官能告知大脑身体移动速度和方向，与其他感官配合助大脑感知身体状态。但在飞机上，感官信号冲突会让人不适。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在你的脑袋里是充满液体的微小结构，叫做前庭器官。句中已有are，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰“structures”，“structures（结构）”和“call（叫做）”之间是被动关系，即“结构被叫做”，所以要用过去分词形式called。故填called。 【12题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这些信号会告诉你的大脑你身体的运动速度和方向。空处引导宾语从句，此处表示“你的身体移动得多快”，空处应用how引导从句，“how + 形容词 / 副词”可以表示程度，“how fast”表示“多快”。故填how。 【13题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：你的眼睛告诉你的大脑你正一动不动地坐着，但你的前庭器官感觉到你正在以每小时数百英里的速度行驶。“at + 速度”是固定搭配，表示 “以……的速度。故填at。 B 阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An electric car has been seen taking off and flying in a test and ____14____ could change the future of travel. Last month, a company ____15____( fly) their vehicle, which rose straight up through the air like a helicopter, successfully completing a short flight over another parked car. While there have been other test flights involving flying cars in the past, this is the first time such an ____16____( invent) has been seen lifting off vertically(垂直地). 【答案】14. it 15. flew 16. invention 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一辆电动汽车在测试中起飞飞行，上月某公司的飞行器如直升机垂直升空并完成短途飞行，这是此类发明首次垂直起飞，可能改变未来出行。 【14题详解】 考查代词。句意：一辆电动汽车在测试中起飞和飞行，它可能会改变未来的出行方式。分析句子可知，此处为代词“it”指代前文提到的 “An electric car”，在句中作主语，表示“这辆电动汽车可能会改变未来的出行方式”。故填it。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：上个月，一家公司试飞了他们的飞行器，这种飞行器像直升机一样直接在空中上升，成功地在另一辆停放的汽车上空完成了短暂的飞行。根据“Last month” 可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“fly”的过去式是“flew”。故填flew。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然过去也有其他涉及飞行汽车的飞行测试，但这是第一次看到这样的发明垂直起飞。“an”是不定冠词，后接名词单数形式，“invent”是动词，其名词形式为 “invention”，表示“这种发明”。故填invention。 C 阅读下列短文.根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 At the age of 5, Sun Chi was diagnosed with autism (自闭症). Over the years, they ____17____ (receive) help from many caring individuals and organizations, ____18____ (make) a great difference in their lives. As society’s awareness of people with autism has grown, related ____19____ (policy) have also improved, providing more resources and opportunities for families like ____20____ (they). 【答案】17. have received 18. making 19. policies 20. them 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述孙驰5岁患自闭症，多年来获多方帮助。社会对自闭症认知提升，相关政策完善，为其家庭等提供更多资源机会。 【17题详解】 考查时态。句意：多年来，他们得到了许多有爱心的个人和组织的帮助，这对他们的生活产生了巨大影响。此空考查谓语动词， they和receive为主动关系，且Over the years是现在完成时的标志，主语they为复数，助动词用have。故填have received。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，他们得到了许多有爱心的个人和组织的帮助，这对他们的生活产生了巨大影响。此空考查非谓语，前面句子所述情况与make之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填making。 【19题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：随着社会对自闭症患者的关注度提高，相关政策也有所完善，为像他们这样的家庭提供了更多资源和机会。policy，表“政策”，为可数名词，根据助动词 “have”可知，此空应用复数形式作主语。故填policies。 【20题详解】 考查代词。句意：随着社会对自闭症患者的关注度提高，相关政策也有所完善，为像他们这样的家庭提供了更多资源和机会。此处作介词like的宾语，应用宾格形式。故填them。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Teens Make History (TMH) is a program for high school students that emphasizes teamwork and peer leadership. The program has two parts: Date Time Location STL Changemakers June 3 to June 13 (summer session) Monday through Friday (9:00—11:00 am) Missouri History Museum Teen Historian Apprenticeships (学徒工作) During the school year Wednesday and Thursday (3:30—5:30 pm) Missouri History Museum STL Changemakers STL Changemakers is a free two-week summer program. High school students from different backgrounds entering grades 10 to 12 are welcome to join. Teens receive a $150 allowance for participating. The registration will open on February 1 and will close on March 10. The participants will: ·Explore St. Louis history ·Engage with today’s most pressing issues ·Develop projects focused on creating a better future for the St. Louis region ·Accept candidates from a wide variety of backgrounds Teen Historian Apprenticeships Teen Historian Apprenticeships are paid part-time jobs that teens can keep for one school year. During the past years, apprentices have created and designed museum exhibits and written historical articles. Future projects will expand to a variety of creative projects. The apprentices will: ·Work on digital projects, including videos, and online exhibits ·Conduct historical research on topics they care about ·Participate in regular professional development workshops Interested in Teens Make History? Fill out our form. For questions, please contact Ryan De Loach at rdeloach@mohistory.org. 21. According to the schedule, STL Changemakers will run ______ . A. on weekday mornings B. on summer afternoons C. on spring mornings D. on weekend evenings 22. If you want to join STL Changemakers, you ______ . A. have to pay a fee B. must be in grade 10 or below C. need to register before March 10 D. need to have a background in social work 23. Which activity will be probably added to Teen Historian Apprenticeships? A. Designing museum exhibits. B. Creating digital content like videos. C. Organizing professional workshops. D. Writing fictional stories about history. 24. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the advantages of TMH. B. To attract high school students to join TMH. C. To describe the development process of TMH. D. To analyze the differences between the two parts of TMH. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了面向高中生的“Teens Make History”项目，含STL变革者和青少年历史学家学徒计划两部分，邀学生参与。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格第二行“June 3 to June 13 (summer session) Monday through Friday (9:00—11:00 am) (6月3日至6月13日（暑期课程）周一至周五（上午 9:00—11:00）)”可知，该项目在工作日上午进行。故选A项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据STL Changemakers部分“The registration will open on February 1 and will close on March 10.(注册将于2月1日开始，3月10日结束。)”可知，加入该项目需在3月10日前注册。故选C项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据Teen Historian Apprenticeships部分“During the past years, apprentices have created and designed museum exhibits and written historical articles. Future projects will expand to a variety of creative projects.(过去几年，学徒们创作和设计了博物馆展品，撰写了历史文章。未来的项目将扩展到各种创意项目。)”并结合选项可知，D项Writing fictional stories about history(撰写关于历史的虚构故事)属于创意项目，可能被加入，而A、B、C 项均为已有活动。故选D项。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Teens Make History (TMH) is a program for high school students that emphasizes teamwork and peer leadership. (Teens Make History (TMH)是一个针对高中生的项目，强调团队合作和同伴领导。)”及最后一段“Interested in Teens Make History? Fill out our form.(对Teens Make History感兴趣吗？填写我们的表格。)”可知，本文介绍了面向高中生的“Teens Make History”项目，文章的目的是吸引高中生加入该项目。故选B项。 B Reading and writing, like any other things, come to the mind slowly, in pieces. But for me, as an E. S. L. student from a family of rice farmers, who saw reading and writing as nothing the experience of working through a book, was similar to standing in quicksand, your loved ones gathered at its safe edges, their arms folded in distrust and doubt as you sink. When I was in fourth grade, I had become fluent — but only in speech, not in the written word. One early-spring afternoon, we got an assignment in language-arts class: we had two weeks to write a poem in honor of National Poetry Month. Normally, my poor writing abilities would excuse me from such assignments, and I would instead spend the class mindlessly copying out passages from books. The task allowed me to hide myself, as long as I looked as though I were doing something smart, my shame and failure were hidden. Yet something stirred in me that afternoon. Perhaps it was the spring air, or the way sunlight fell across my notebook, but for the first time I wanted to try — truly try — to make words obey me instead of hiding behind borrowed ones. “Where is it?” one of my classmates asked. Weeks earlier, I’d been in the library. It was where I would hide during the break. I sat on the floor beside a tape player. From a box of tape recordings, I chose one labeled “Great Speeches”. I mouthed to myself as the speakers spoke. It occurred to me that I had been mouthing my grandmother’s stories as well, the ones she had been telling me ever since I was born. Of course, not being able to read does not mean that one is empty of stories. I pointed to my work hanging from his fingers. “No, where is the poem you plagiarized (抄袭) ? How did you even write something like this?” Then he tipped my desk toward me. “It’s right here.” I said, pointing to my poem held between his fingers. I had read books that weren’t books, and I had read them using everything but my eyes. From that invisible “reading”, I had pressed my world onto paper. As such, I was a fraud (骗子) in a field of language, which is to say, I was a writer. I have “plagiarized” my life to give you the best of me. 25. Why did the author struggle with reading and writing at first? A. He had a learning disability. B. His school lacked proper resources. C. He preferred speaking over writing. D. His family saw no value in reading and writing. 26. What mainly led the author to write the poem? A. He wanted to impress his classmates. B. He wanted to prove himself to his family. C. The poetry assignment was easier than he expected. D. He was tired of hiding his shame and fear of failure. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Life writes the best stories. B. Do not cry over spilled milk. C. Every cloud has a silver lining. D. Don’t judge a book by its cover. 【答案】25. D 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者是将英语作为第二语言的学生，起初读写困难，四年级时受触动尝试写诗，其作品源于生活经历，却被质疑抄袭，他认为自己“抄袭”生活来创作。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But for me, as an E. S. L. student from a family of rice farmers, who saw reading and writing as nothing the experience of working through a book, was similar to standing in quicksand, your loved ones gathered at its safe edges, their arms folded in distrust and doubt as you sink.(但对我来说，作为一名来自稻农家庭的将英语作为第二语言的学生，我认为阅读和写作根本不如读一本书的经历，就像站在流沙中，你的亲人聚集在安全的边缘，当你沉沦时，他们抱着不信任和怀疑的双臂。)”可知，作者来自一个稻农家庭，家人认为阅读和写作没什么价值，这使得作者一开始在阅读和写作方面很挣扎。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Normally, my poor writing abilities would excuse me from such assignments, and I would instead spend the class mindlessly copying out passages from books. The task allowed me to hide myself, as long as I looked as though I were doing something smart, my shame and failure were hidden.(通常情况下，我糟糕的写作能力会让我免于这样的作业，而我则会在课堂上盲目地抄写书上的段落。这项任务让我可以隐藏自己，只要我看起来像是在做聪明的事情，我的羞耻和失败就会被隐藏起来。)”以及第三段中“Yet something stirred in me that afternoon. Perhaps it was the spring air, or the way sunlight fell across my notebook, but for the first time I wanted to try — truly try — to make words obey me instead of hiding behind borrowed ones.(然而，那天下午，我内心有一种悸动。也许是因为春天的空气，或者是阳光洒在我的笔记本上，但这是我第一次想要尝试——真正地尝试——让文字服从我，而不是躲在借来的后面。)”可知，作者平时因为写作能力差，会逃避写作任务，通过抄袭来隐藏自己的羞愧和对失败的恐惧，但那天下午作者厌倦了这种隐藏，所以想要真正尝试写作。故选D项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I had read books that weren’t books, and I had read them using everything but my eyes. From that invisible “reading”, I had pressed my world onto paper. As such, I was a fraud (骗子) in a field of language, which is to say, I was a writer. I have “plagiarized” my life to give you the best of me.(我读过不是书的书，除了用眼睛，我什么都用。从这种看不见的“阅读”中，我把自己的世界压在了纸上。因此，我在语言领域是个骗子，也就是说，我是个作家。我“剽窃”了我的生活，把最好的我给了你。)”以及文章内容可知，作者虽然不能阅读，但他有从祖母那里听来的故事等生活经历，他把这些生活经历通过诗歌表达出来，即他“抄袭”了自己的生活写出了好作品，这表明生活能写出最好的故事。故选A项。 C Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely mention a list of goods. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either prerequisites (先决条件) for happiness or were goods that came to the virtuous. But consider this thought experiment. Let’s compare two actors’ lives. First, meet Toby. Toby struggles to get work for many years. But as the years go by, Toby works his way up to become a famous actor. His lifetime earnings are $20 million, and he wins an Oscar for his final movie. Now, meet Ybot. Ybot wins an Oscar for his very first film role. After this initial success, he begins to endure a number of difficulties. Towards the end of his career (across which he has earned $20 million, mostly at the start), he finally retires into humble obscurity (默默无闻). As you’ll have quickly realized, these two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. If we view their lives as a sort of balance sheet of experiential profit and loss, they both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. The only difference is that Ybot experiences those goods and bads inversely to Toby. If flourishing is just a matter of enjoying certain goods, then it seems both actors flourish to the same extent. Yet most of us would much prefer to live like Toby than Ybot. But why should that make a difference, if both lives contain the same net benefits? When comparing the overall welfare level of different lives, it seems natural enough to think of a person’s life as a sort of container for various good and bad experiences. The goods and the bads are what we evaluate; the “container” they sit in is basically neutral. But that “balance sheet” model seems to miss another kind of value. We might value things like overcoming adversity (逆境), or not having our successes come too easily. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. This intuitive judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis. On this view living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order or sequence. What the shape of life hypothesis suggests is that our lives are not simply bags into which we cream good things and bad things. The type of life it is—the genre of that life-story, so to speak—matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wonderful things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 28. What does the word “inversely” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Similarly. B. Oppositely C. Relatively. D. Exclusively. 29. The author introduces the “shape of life” hypothesis by ______ . A. clarifying a goal B. analyzing an event C. challenging an established notion D. introducing contrasting viewpoints 30. Which would the author agree with? A. Early success followed by failure feels worse than late success. B. A life with more goods is better than one with fewer possessions. C. The “balance sheet” model is a powerful tool to define the good life. D. Hardships and misfortune are essential factors in judging the quality of life. 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过Toby与Ybot的人生对比，提出“生命形态”假说，指出美好生活不仅在于拥有的事物，更在于其发生的顺序。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Let’s compare two actors’ lives. First, meet Toby. Toby struggles to get work for many years. But as the years go by, Toby works his way up to become a famous actor. His lifetime earnings are $20 million, and he wins an Oscar for his final movie. Now, meet Ybot. Ybot wins an Oscar for his very first film role. After this initial success, he begins to endure a number of difficulties. ( 让我们来比较一下两个演员的生活。首先，来见见Toby。Toby多年来一直找不到工作。但随着岁月的流逝，Toby努力成为一名著名的演员。他一生的收入是2000万美元，他的最后一部电影赢得了奥斯卡奖。现在，来见见Ybot。他的第一部电影就获得了奥斯卡奖。在最初的成功之后，他开始遭受许多困难)”可知，Toby是“多年挣扎后成功，晚年获奥斯卡”，而 Ybot是“首部电影就获奥斯卡，随后遭遇困境，晚年默默无闻”，两人人生轨迹完全相反，且第三段中“As you’ll have quickly realized, these two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images.( 你很快就会意识到，这两位演员的生活，就像他们的名字一样，是镜像)”明确提到镜像般的人生。因此“inversely”意为“相反地”，和B选项Oppositely“相反地”意思一致。故选B项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“When comparing the overall welfare level of different lives, it seems natural enough to think of a person’s life as a sort of container for various good and bad experiences. The goods and the bads are what we evaluate; the “container” they sit in is basically neutral. But that “balance sheet” model seems to miss another kind of value. We might value things like overcoming adversity (逆境), or not having our successes come too easily. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day.( 在比较不同生活的整体福利水平时，似乎很自然地把一个人的生活看作是各种美好和糟糕经历的容器。好坏是我们评价的东西；他们所在的“容器”基本上是中性的。但这种“资产负债表”模式似乎忽略了另一种价值。我们可能会重视克服逆境，或者不让成功来得太容易。一个早年成功而后衰落的人生，似乎比一个在一天中晚些时候成功的人生更不成功)”以及第五段“This intuitive judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis. On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order or sequence.( 这种直觉判断体现在所谓的“生命形态”假说中。根据这种观点，美好的生活不仅仅是拥有正确的经历或生活事件，而是以正确的顺序或顺序拥有它们)”可知，作者先提出“balance sheet model”（资产负债表模型），即认为人生的好坏取决于“好体验与坏体验的总和”，并以Toby 和Ybot 的例子指出该模型的缺陷 —— 人们更倾向于Toby 的人生，而非总和相同但顺序相反的Ybot的人生。随后引出“shape of life hypothesis”（生命形态假说），强调“经历的顺序比总和更重要”。这一过程是通过挑战“收支平衡模型” 这一固有观念来引入新假说的。故选C项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第四段中“A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day.( 一个早年成功而后衰落的人生，似乎比一个在一天中晚些时候成功的人生更不成功)”可知，作者通过Toby和Ybot的对比指出，人们更偏好“先逆境后成功”的人生（Toby），而非“先成功后衰落”的人生（Ybot），并以“shape of life hypothesis”解释这一偏好 —— 经历的顺序影响人生质量。因此 A 选项“早期成功后失败比晚期成功更糟糕”符合作者观点。故选A项。 D Years ago I spoke with a 16-year-old girl who was considering the idea of having a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so disappointing. And now, for the first time, she explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her comments seemed prescient (预见未来的) . Now I find them timely. This girl had grown up in a time when conversational machines were presented as empathy devices that could understand her. And so it seemed natural to her that other machines would expand the range of conversation. But there is something she may have been too young to understand or, like a lot of us, tend to forget when we talk to machines. These robots can perform empathy in a conversation about your friend, your mother, or your child, but they have no experience of any of these relationships. Their conversations about life occupy the realm of the as-if. In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to develop an emotional tie that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for psychologists to critique empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting relationships with objects with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient: children will lose the ability to have empathy if they relate too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties. Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use technology to cure Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move from artificial brain enhancement to artificial intimacy (亲密). And yet that is the kind of talk that one hears these days. The narrative begins with the idea that compassionate robots would be “better than nothing”, better because there aren’t enough people to teach, love, and tend to people. But that idea quickly shifts into another: robots would be better than almost anything. Unlike people, they would not abandon you or get sick and die. They might not be capable of love, but they won’t break your heart. From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our voyage to forgetting what it means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion in place; it begins when we even think of putting one in place. To build the robots, we must first rebuild ourselves as people ready to be their companions. Being human today is about the struggle to remain genuinely empathetic. Ourselves-to remember why it matters, to remember what we cherish. These says, to be human is to keep one’s mind on the glory that one is. 31. The author mentions the 16-year-old girl mainly to . A. draw a comparison B. provide an example C. evaluate a comment D. introduce a topic 32. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Technology unexpectedly advances empathy studies. B. Psychologists accidentally ignore the needs of children. C. The criticism of empathy is scientifically valid but poorly timed. D. The tech industries may benefit from the timing of psychological cycles? 33. Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A. Technological progress clarifies human values through challenges. B. Artificial intimacy reflects technological progress yet threatens empathy. C. Technology’s medical benefits justify its application in emotional domains. D. Future technologies like AI companions require stricter moral regulations. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Empathy at Risk: Psychology’s New Frontier B. Why Humans Prefer Robots: An Analysis of Social Failure C. Faking Intimacy: When Machines Decrease Our Humanity D. The Rise of Robot Companions: A Technological Revolution 【答案】31. D 32. D 33. B 34. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们与机器人建立关系时，机器人表现出的看似亲密但实际是虚假的共情，这种虚假的亲密关系会让人们逐渐忘记作为人类的意义，减少人性。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Years ago I spoke with a 16-year-old girl who was considering the idea of having a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so disappointing. And now, for the first time, she explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her comments seemed prescient (预见未来的). Now I find them timely. (几年前，我和一个16岁的女孩聊天，她正在考虑将来有一个电脑伴侣的想法，她向我描述了它的好处。这并不是说她想象中的机器人有多么鼓舞人心。而是她已经发现人们是如此令人失望。现在，她向我解释说，人们第一次有了选择。当时我觉得她的评论似乎很有先见之明。现在我发现它们是及时的)”可知，作者在文章开头提到这个16岁的女孩，描述她成长在对话机器被视为能理解她的共情设备的时代，以及她对机器扩展对话范围的自然看法，从而引出全文的核心议题 —— 人类与人工智能伴侣的关系，以及这种关系对人性（尤其是同理心）的潜在影响所。以作者提到这个女孩主要是为了引出话题。故选D项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to develop an emotional tie that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for psychologists to critique empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting relationships with objects with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient: children will lose the ability to have empathy if they relate too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties.( 在我们制造和销售这些机器的过程中，我们鼓励孩子们建立一种情感联系，这种联系肯定会导致同理心的死胡同。最重要的是，心理学家批评同理心已经成为一种时尚。这是一种独特的人际关系形式，就在我们开始与无物交往的时候。这种巧合太方便了：如果孩子们与不能形成同理心联系的物体过于一致，他们就会失去同理心的能力)”可知，第三段指出，在人们开始与无共情能力的机器建立关系时，心理学家恰好开始批评人类独特的共情能力。这种“巧合” 使得人们更容易接受机器，间接利于科技行业推广相关产品，因此“科技行业可能从心理周期的时机中获益”。故选D项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use technology to cure Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move from artificial brain enhancement to artificial intimacy(亲密).( 科技促使我们审视人类的价值。我们可以尝试用技术来治疗帕金森氏症或阿尔茨海默氏症，这将是一种祝福，但这种祝福并不是从人工增强大脑转向人工亲密的理由)”以及第六段中“ From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our voyage to forgetting what it means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion in place; it begins when we even think of putting one in place( 从聊胜于无到无与伦比。这些都是我们在逐渐遗忘“人之为人的意义”这趟旅程中的站点。但这种遗忘早在我们拥有机器人伴侣之前就已开始；它始于我们甚至萌生“要拥有一个机器人伴侣”这个念头的那一刻)”可知，文章提到我们可以利用技术治疗帕金森或老年痴呆症，这是好事；但会让人们逐渐忘记共情，因此人工亲密反映了技术进步但威胁到了共情（empathy）。故选B项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了人们与机器人建立关系时，机器人表现出的看似亲密但实际是虚假的共情，这种虚假的亲密关系会让人们逐渐忘记作为人类的意义，减少人性。所以C选项“假装亲密：当机器减少我们的人性时”是最佳标题。故选C项。 第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When was the last time you felt proud of being sensitive? Most likely the answer is never. ____35____. It’s used to mean you’re fragile thin-skinned or just overreacting. Men are told that they shouldn’t be sensitive at all, whereas women are told not to be “so” sensitive. Either way, the message sensitive people get isn’t to celebrate who they are. It’s that they should “overcome” their sensitivity and “toughen up”. Putting aside that this approach doesn’t work, it’s wrongheaded. Sensitivity is largely genetic (基因的) , and not something you can turn off. ____36____ As a personality trait (特性) , being sensitive means you take in more information from your environment, and you do more with it. Sensitive people are wired at a brain level to process information more deeply than others do. ____37____ You probably notice what others miss, think, and feel deeply, and have a vivid inner life. You probably also get overstimulated in situations that don’t bother anyone else. Sensitive people are wired to go deep. And that depth comes with gifts. The most well-known and celebrated sensitive gift is creativity. Many of our greatest thinkers and scientists throughout history have been sensitive people, including Charles Darwin. They tend to spend more time and energy turning problems over in their heads. This process helps them see more possibilities and solutions ____38____ They often become overstimulated. Overstimulation is what happens when there is simply too much information for the brain to keep going deep. But sensitive people can learn to largely prevent it — particularly by building time into each day to simply let the mind process and “catch up”. For sensitive people, a little bit of quiet alone time goes a very long way. If any of this sounds like you, you might be more sensitive than you realize. If so, you have probably felt the pressure to hide it. But that’s a trap. ____39____ Instead, embrace (拥抱) it, and show it to the world. A. However, sensitive people do pay a price. B. You cannot make yourself less sensitive than you are. C. It is a trait linked to giftedness and something we ought to embrace. D. A second strength sensitive people have is their decision-making ability. E. If you’re sensitive, this deep processing changes the way you see the world. F. We take pride in many traits but being “sensitive” is often viewed as a weakness. G. Sensitive people naturally attract more social attention due to their emotional expressiveness. 【答案】35. F 36. C 37. E 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出敏感常被视为弱点，实则是遗传且与天赋相关的特质，虽有代价但可应对，呼吁人们拥抱而非隐藏敏感。 【35题详解】 前文“When was the last time you felt proud of being sensitive? Most likely the answer is never.( 你上一次为自己的敏感感到骄傲是什么时候？最有可能的答案是从未)”提问“你上一次为敏感感到自豪是什么时候？”并推测答案为“从未”，结合后文“It’s used to mean you’re fragile thin-skinned or just overreacting.( 它的意思是你很脆弱，脸皮薄，或者只是反应过度)”解释“敏感”被视为脆弱、过度反应等。F项“We take pride in many traits but being “sensitive” is often viewed as a weakness.( 我们为许多特质自豪，但“敏感”常被视为弱点)”衔接上下文，解释了“从未自豪”的原因，符合逻辑。故选F项。 【36题详解】 前文“Putting aside that this approach doesn’t work, it’s wrongheaded. Sensitivity is largely genetic (基因的) , and not something you can turn off.( 撇开这种方法不起作用不说，这是错误的。敏感性很大程度上是遗传的，不是你可以关闭的东西)”指出“敏感主要是基因决定的，无法关闭”，且批判了“克服敏感”的错误观念。C 项“It is a trait linked to giftedness and something we ought to embrace.( 它与天赋相关，是我们应拥抱的特质)” 承接前文，纠正对敏感的偏见。故选C项。 【37题详解】 前文“Sensitive people are wired at a brain level to process information more deeply than others do.( 敏感的人在大脑层面上比其他人更能深入地处理信息)”提到“敏感的人在大脑层面更深入地处理信息”，结合后文“You probably notice what others miss, think, and feel deeply, and have a vivid inner life.( 你可能会注意到别人的想念、思考和感受，并且有一个生动的内心生活)”描述“你可能注意到他人忽略的事物，思考深刻，内心丰富”。E项 “If you’re sensitive, this deep processing changes the way you see the world.( 如果你敏感，这种深度处理会改变你看待世界的方式) 承上启下，说明深度处理与认知方式的关系。故选E项。 【38题详解】 上段“The most well-known and celebrated sensitive gift is creativity.( 最广为人知且备受推崇敏锐天赋是创造力)”讲敏感的“天赋”（如创造力），本段后文“They often become overstimulated.Overstimulation is what happens when there is simply too much information for the brain to keep going deep.( 他们经常变得过度刺激。过度刺激是指大脑接收了太多的信息，无法继续深入思考)”转折提到“他们常过度刺激导致无法思考”，说明敏感也有代价。A项“然而，敏感的人确实付出代价”符合语境。故选A项。 【39题详解】 前文“If so, you have probably felt the pressure to hide it. But that’s a trap.( 如果是这样，你可能已经感受到了隐藏它的压力。但这是个陷阱)”提到“隐藏敏感是陷阱”，结合后文“Instead, embrace (拥抱) it, and show it to the world.( 相反，拥抱它，向世界展示它)”呼吁“拥抱它，展示给世界”。B项“You cannot make yourself less sensitive than you are.( 你无法让自己变得不那么敏感)”呼应前文“敏感是基因决定的”，并引出“拥抱”的结论，逻辑连贯。故选B项。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面文段，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 In a time when the term “attention economy” is as common as the phones and computers that keep us looking at screens, every scroll, click, like, and share is not just a simple action. It’s a trade using the world’s most valuable “money”: our attention. This system views our focus as a limited resource that companies try to get and make money from. It has changed deeply how we interact with others, meaning we need to look closer at it—not just see it as a popular phrase. Consider this: every moment of your day, from the minute you wake up to the second you fall asleep, is a series of decisions about where to assign your attention. When we direct our focus towards one activity, we inherently dismiss countless others. These daily choices define our lives, shaping our relationships, knowledge, health, and happiness. The attention economy is a double-edged sword. On one side, it offers a tailored world where our preferences and interests guide the content and opportunities presented to us. On the other, it poses significant challenges that threaten to weaken the quality of our attention, our relationships, and our understanding of the world. As we move forward, the task at hand is not just to handle the attention economy but to reshape it in a way that respects and enriches our most precious resource: our attention. To overcome the challenges, I can ask my family what caught their attention on social media today, sparking a conversation that bridges our digital divide. By paying attention to what we pay attention to, we not only enrich our own lives but also strengthen the bonds that connect us to one another. 40. What do our daily choices do to our lives? __________________________________________________________________________ 41. How can the author overcome the challenges that the attention economy poses? __________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Moving ahead, our primary challenge is not merely to handle the attention economy but to reshape it in a way that saves our most precious resource: our attention. __________________________________________________________________________ 43. How do your daily attention choices shape your life? __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. They define our lives, shaping our relationships, knowledge, health, and happiness. 41. By asking his family what caught their attention on social media and sparking conversations. 42. 错误部分：saves our most precious resource理由：原文为“respects and enriches our most precious resource”，强调尊重与丰富而非拯救。 43. My daily attention choices determine what I engage with, which in turn affects my learning, social interactions and overall well-being. For example, focusing on reading enriches my knowledge. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“注意力经济”中，滑动、点击等操作都是注意力的交易，企业借此盈利，深刻改变人际互动。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“These daily choices define our lives. shaping our relationships, knowledge, health, and happiness.(这些日常的选择决定了我们的生活，塑造我们的关系，知识，健康，幸福。)”可知，我们的日常选择定义了我们的生活，塑造了我们的人际关系、知识、健康和幸福。故答案是：They define our lives, shaping our relationships, knowledge, health, and happiness. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“To overcome the challenges, I can ask my family what caught their attention on social media today, sparking a conversation that bridges our digital divide.( 为了克服这些挑战，我可以问问我的家人，今天在社交媒体上什么引起了他们的注意，引发了一场对话，弥合了我们的数字鸿沟。)”可知，作者通过询问他的家人，什么在社交媒体上引起了他们的注意，并引发了对话来克服注意力经济带来的挑战。故答案是：By asking his family what caught their attention on social media and sparking conversations. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“As we move forward, the task at hand is not just to handle the attention economy but to reshape it in a way that respects and enriches our most precious resource: our attention.( 随着我们的发展，眼前的任务不仅是处理好注意力经济，还要重塑它，以尊重和丰富我们最宝贵的资源：我们的注意力。)”可知，我们的主要挑战不仅是应对注意力经济，还要重塑它，以尊重和丰富我们最宝贵的资源：我们的注意力。所以原文错误部分：saves our most precious resource。理由：原文为“respects and enriches our most precious resource”，强调尊重与丰富而非拯救。故答案是：错误部分：saves our most precious resource理由：原文为“respects and enriches our most precious resource”，强调尊重与丰富而非拯救。 【43题详解】 考查主观评价。根据文章大意以及题干中的问题“你每天的注意力选择是如何塑造你的生活的？”可知，我每天的注意力选择决定了我参与的内容，这反过来又影响了我的学习、社会交往和整体幸福感。例如，专注于阅读丰富了我的知识。故答案是：My daily attention choices determine what I engage with, which in turn affects my learning, social interactions and overall well-being. For example, focusing on reading enriches my knowledge. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。联合国正面向全球青少年开展倡议征集活动。你的外国好友Jim打算参加，为此发来邮件，就倡议内容询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 提出的建议； 2. 建议的理由。 提示词：倡议 proposal 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear that you want to take part in the UN’s initiative for global teenagers. Here’s my advice. I suggest focusing on environmental protection. As we know, the environment is facing serious problems, which affect everyone’s life. If we can raise awareness about it and encourage more people to take action, it will make a big difference. Another idea is to promote cultural exchange. We live in a world where different cultures coexist. By sharing our cultures and learning from each other, we can build a more harmonious global community. I hope these suggestions help! Let me know if you need more ideas. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生针对外国好友Jim关于联合国全球青少年倡议征集活动的询问进行回复，给出倡议内容的建议及理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴：glad → delighted 建议：suggest→advise 关注：focus on → concentrate on 提高：raise→enhance 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I’m glad to hear that you want to take part in the UN’s initiative for global teenagers. 拓展句：Hearing that you want to take part in the UN’s initiative for global teenagers, I feel glad. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We live in a world where different cultures coexist.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Let me know if you need more ideas.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 丰台区2024～2025学年度第二学期期末练习 高二英语 考生须知 1．答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育：ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2．本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3．请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4．本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 笔试（共三部分100分） 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5 分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 At the start of my career, I went to one of my first professional dinners. There were eight of us from a few different companies who were exploring working together. As luck would have it, we turned out to be a painfully ___1___ table of socially awkward introverts (内向的人). Each attempt to get a conversation going fell flat. Each person ___2___ their food instead of making eye contact. Eating was easier than talking. While I struggled to think of what to say out loud, there was a lively chatter running in my head: I ___3___ these dinners. They’re awkward and unnatural and I wish I was at home reading a book or organizing my sock drawer by color. I ____4____ my brain to think of something to talk about and kept coming up blank. Playing with my water glass for the seventh time, I kept my eyes down on my napkin (纸巾). Just when the ___5___ got to the point of feeling unbearable, our tablemate Aaron cleared his throat, “I’m building a deck (露台) on the back of my home.” Everyone moved forward and breathed out with ___6___. Finally, someone was talking! It was not the conversation starter expected at a business dinner, but we were so grateful for the contribution As Aaron told his story, the table came to life. Laughter ___7___ tension. Silence became energy. Other tables looked over at ours. Each of us hit Aaron with different questions. The story not only created a shift, but it also created a(n) ___8___. The dinner was to talk about a project where Aaron’s company would be a potential vendor (供应商) for my company. I was getting ready for sales talks and requests. ____9____, I got someone willing to share real life and moments for the sole purpose of improving an interaction. He was my _____10_____ for removing the awkwardness from the situation. 1. A. clean B. quiet C. messy D. modern 2. A. focused on B. discussed over C. ate up D. prepared for 3. A. hold B. remember C. miss D. hate 4. A. relaxed B. trained C. controlled D. willed 5. A. conflict B. tension C. pleasure D. comfort 6. A. concern B. regret C. anger D. relief 7. A. reflected B. ignored C. replaced D. delayed 8. A. plan B. system C. rule D. connection 9. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Meanwhile 10. A. protector B. friend C. leader D. hero 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分。共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Inside your head are tiny liquid-filled structures ____11____ (call) vestibular (前庭) organs. These tell your brain ____12____ fast your body is moving and in what direction. This combines with your other senses to help your brain understand what your body is doing. On a plane, these signals don’t agree. Your eyes tell your brain that you are sitting still, but your vestibular organs sense that you are speeding ____13____ hundreds of miles per hour. These conflicting signals can make you feel unwell. B 阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An electric car has been seen taking off and flying in a test and ____14____ could change the future of travel. Last month, a company ____15____( fly) their vehicle, which rose straight up through the air like a helicopter, successfully completing a short flight over another parked car. While there have been other test flights involving flying cars in the past, this is the first time such an ____16____( invent) has been seen lifting off vertically(垂直地). C 阅读下列短文.根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 At the age of 5, Sun Chi was diagnosed with autism (自闭症). Over the years, they ____17____ (receive) help from many caring individuals and organizations, ____18____ (make) a great difference in their lives. As society’s awareness of people with autism has grown, related ____19____ (policy) have also improved, providing more resources and opportunities for families like ____20____ (they). 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Teens Make History (TMH) is a program for high school students that emphasizes teamwork and peer leadership. The program has two parts: Date Time Location STL Changemakers June 3 to June 13 (summer session) Monday through Friday (9:00—11:00 am) Missouri History Museum Teen Historian Apprenticeships (学徒工作) During the school year Wednesday and Thursday (3:30—5:30 pm) Missouri History Museum STL Changemakers STL Changemakers is a free two-week summer program. High school students from different backgrounds entering grades 10 to 12 are welcome to join. Teens receive a $150 allowance for participating. The registration will open on February 1 and will close on March 10. The participants will: ·Explore St. Louis history ·Engage with today’s most pressing issues ·Develop projects focused on creating a better future for the St. Louis region ·Accept candidates from a wide variety of backgrounds Teen Historian Apprenticeships Teen Historian Apprenticeships are paid part-time jobs that teens can keep for one school year. During the past years, apprentices have created and designed museum exhibits and written historical articles. Future projects will expand to a variety of creative projects. The apprentices will: ·Work on digital projects, including videos, and online exhibits ·Conduct historical research on topics they care about ·Participate in regular professional development workshops Interested in Teens Make History? Fill out our form. For questions, please contact Ryan De Loach at rdeloach@mohistory.org. 21. According to the schedule, STL Changemakers will run ______ . A. on weekday mornings B. on summer afternoons C. on spring mornings D. on weekend evenings 22. If you want to join STL Changemakers, you ______ . A have to pay a fee B. must be in grade 10 or below C. need to register before March 10 D. need to have a background in social work 23. Which activity will be probably added to Teen Historian Apprenticeships? A. Designing museum exhibits. B. Creating digital content like videos. C. Organizing professional workshops. D. Writing fictional stories about history. 24. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the advantages of TMH. B. To attract high school students to join TMH. C. To describe the development process of TMH. D. To analyze the differences between the two parts of TMH. B Reading and writing, like any other things, come to the mind slowly, in pieces. But for me, as an E. S. L. student from a family of rice farmers, who saw reading and writing as nothing the experience of working through a book, was similar to standing in quicksand, your loved ones gathered at its safe edges, their arms folded in distrust and doubt as you sink. When I was in fourth grade, I had become fluent — but only in speech, not in the written word. One early-spring afternoon, we got an assignment in language-arts class: we had two weeks to write a poem in honor of National Poetry Month. Normally, my poor writing abilities would excuse me from such assignments, and I would instead spend the class mindlessly copying out passages from books. The task allowed me to hide myself, as long as I looked as though I were doing something smart, my shame and failure were hidden. Yet something stirred in me that afternoon. Perhaps it was the spring air, or the way sunlight fell across my notebook, but for the first time I wanted to try — truly try — to make words obey me instead of hiding behind borrowed ones. “Where is it?” one of my classmates asked. Weeks earlier, I’d been in the library. It was where I would hide during the break. I sat on the floor beside a tape player. From a box of tape recordings, I chose one labeled “Great Speeches”. I mouthed to myself as the speakers spoke. It occurred to me that I had been mouthing my grandmother’s stories as well, the ones she had been telling me ever since I was born. Of course, not being able to read does not mean that one is empty of stories. I pointed to my work hanging from his fingers. “No, where is the poem you plagiarized (抄袭) ? How did you even write something like this?” Then he tipped my desk toward me. “It’s right here.” I said, pointing to my poem held between his fingers. I had read books that weren’t books, and I had read them using everything but my eyes. From that invisible “reading”, I had pressed my world onto paper. As such, I was a fraud (骗子) in a field of language, which is to say, I was a writer. I have “plagiarized” my life to give you the best of me. 25. Why did the author struggle with reading and writing at first? A He had a learning disability. B. His school lacked proper resources. C. He preferred speaking over writing. D. His family saw no value in reading and writing. 26. What mainly led the author to write the poem? A. He wanted to impress his classmates. B. He wanted to prove himself to his family. C. The poetry assignment was easier than he expected. D. He was tired of hiding his shame and fear of failure. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Life writes the best stories. B Do not cry over spilled milk. C. Every cloud has a silver lining. D. Don’t judge a book by its cover. C Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely mention a list of goods. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either prerequisites (先决条件) for happiness or were goods that came to the virtuous. But consider this thought experiment. Let’s compare two actors’ lives. First, meet Toby. Toby struggles to get work for many years. But as the years go by, Toby works his way up to become a famous actor. His lifetime earnings are $20 million, and he wins an Oscar for his final movie. Now, meet Ybot. Ybot wins an Oscar for his very first film role. After this initial success, he begins to endure a number of difficulties. Towards the end of his career (across which he has earned $20 million, mostly at the start), he finally retires into humble obscurity (默默无闻). As you’ll have quickly realized, these two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. If we view their lives as a sort of balance sheet of experiential profit and loss, they both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. The only difference is that Ybot experiences those goods and bads inversely to Toby. If flourishing is just a matter of enjoying certain goods, then it seems both actors flourish to the same extent. Yet most of us would much prefer to live like Toby than Ybot. But why should that make a difference, if both lives contain the same net benefits? When comparing the overall welfare level of different lives, it seems natural enough to think of a person’s life as a sort of container for various good and bad experiences. The goods and the bads are what we evaluate; the “container” they sit in is basically neutral. But that “balance sheet” model seems to miss another kind of value. We might value things like overcoming adversity (逆境), or not having our successes come too easily. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. This intuitive judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis. On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order or sequence. What the shape of life hypothesis suggests is that our lives are not simply bags into which we cream good things and bad things. The type of life it is—the genre of that life-story so to speak—matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wonderful things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 28. What does the word “inversely” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Similarly. B. Oppositely C. Relatively. D. Exclusively. 29. The author introduces the “shape of life” hypothesis by ______ . A. clarifying a goal B. analyzing an event C. challenging an established notion D. introducing contrasting viewpoints 30. Which would the author agree with? A. Early success followed by failure feels worse than late success. B. A life with more goods is better than one with fewer possessions. C. The “balance sheet” model is a powerful tool to define the good life. D. Hardships and misfortune are essential factors in judging the quality of life. D Years ago I spoke with a 16-year-old girl who was considering the idea of having a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so disappointing. And now, for the first time, she explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her comments seemed prescient (预见未来的) . Now I find them timely. This girl had grown up in a time when conversational machines were presented as empathy devices that could understand her. And so it seemed natural to her that other machines would expand the range of conversation. But there is something she may have been too young to understand or, like a lot of us, tend to forget when we talk to machines. These robots can perform empathy in a conversation about your friend, your mother, or your child, but they have no experience of any of these relationships. Their conversations about life occupy the realm of the as-if. In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to develop an emotional tie that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for psychologists to critique empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting relationships with objects with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient: children will lose the ability to have empathy if they relate too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties. Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use technology to cure Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move from artificial brain enhancement to artificial intimacy (亲密). And yet that is the kind of talk that one hears these days. The narrative begins with the idea that compassionate robots would be “better than nothing”, better because there aren’t enough people to teach, love, and tend to people. But that idea quickly shifts into another: robots would be better than almost anything. Unlike people, they would not abandon you or get sick and die. They might not be capable of love, but they won’t break your heart. From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our voyage to forgetting what it means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion in place; it begins when we even think of putting one in place. To build the robots, we must first rebuild ourselves as people ready to be their companions. Being human today is about the struggle to remain genuinely empathetic. Ourselves-to remember why it matters, to remember what we cherish. These says, to be human is to keep one’s mind on the glory that one is. 31. The author mentions the 16-year-old girl mainly to . A draw a comparison B. provide an example C. evaluate a comment D. introduce a topic 32. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Technology unexpectedly advances empathy studies. B. Psychologists accidentally ignore the needs of children. C. The criticism of empathy is scientifically valid but poorly timed. D. The tech industries may benefit from the timing of psychological cycles? 33. Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A. Technological progress clarifies human values through challenges. B. Artificial intimacy reflects technological progress yet threatens empathy. C. Technology’s medical benefits justify its application in emotional domains. D. Future technologies like AI companions require stricter moral regulations. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Empathy at Risk: Psychology’s New Frontier B. Why Humans Prefer Robots: An Analysis of Social Failure C. Faking Intimacy: When Machines Decrease Our Humanity D. The Rise of Robot Companions: A Technological Revolution 第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When was the last time you felt proud of being sensitive? Most likely the answer is never. ____35____. It’s used to mean you’re fragile thin-skinned or just overreacting. Men are told that they shouldn’t be sensitive at all, whereas women are told not to be “so” sensitive. Either way, the message sensitive people get isn’t to celebrate who they are. It’s that they should “overcome” their sensitivity and “toughen up”. Putting aside that this approach doesn’t work, it’s wrongheaded. Sensitivity is largely genetic (基因的) , and not something you can turn off. ____36____ As a personality trait (特性) , being sensitive means you take in more information from your environment, and you do more with it. Sensitive people are wired at a brain level to process information more deeply than others do. ____37____ You probably notice what others miss, think, and feel deeply, and have a vivid inner life. You probably also get overstimulated in situations that don’t bother anyone else. Sensitive people are wired to go deep. And that depth comes with gifts. The most well-known and celebrated sensitive gift is creativity. Many of our greatest thinkers and scientists throughout history have been sensitive people, including Charles Darwin. They tend to spend more time and energy turning problems over in their heads. This process helps them see more possibilities and solutions ____38____ They often become overstimulated. Overstimulation is what happens when there is simply too much information for the brain to keep going deep. But sensitive people can learn to largely prevent it — particularly by building time into each day to simply let the mind process and “catch up”. For sensitive people, a little bit of quiet alone time goes a very long way. If any of this sounds like you, you might be more sensitive than you realize. If so, you have probably felt the pressure to hide it. But that’s a trap. ____39____ Instead, embrace (拥抱) it, and show it to the world. A. However, sensitive people do pay a price. B. You cannot make yourself less sensitive than you are. C. It is a trait linked to giftedness and something we ought to embrace. D. A second strength sensitive people have is their decision-making ability. E. If you’re sensitive, this deep processing changes the way you see the world. F. We take pride in many traits but being “sensitive” is often viewed as a weakness. G. Sensitive people naturally attract more social attention due to their emotional expressiveness. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面文段，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 In a time when the term “attention economy” is as common as the phones and computers that keep us looking at screens, every scroll, click, like, and share is not just a simple action. It’s a trade using the world’s most valuable “money”: our attention. This system views our focus as a limited resource that companies try to get and make money from. It has changed deeply how we interact with others, meaning we need to look closer at it—not just see it as a popular phrase. Consider this: every moment of your day, from the minute you wake up to the second you fall asleep, is a series of decisions about where to assign your attention. When we direct our focus towards one activity, we inherently dismiss countless others. These daily choices define our lives, shaping our relationships, knowledge, health, and happiness. The attention economy is a double-edged sword. On one side, it offers a tailored world where our preferences and interests guide the content and opportunities presented to us. On the other, it poses significant challenges that threaten to weaken the quality of our attention, our relationships, and our understanding of the world. As we move forward, the task at hand is not just to handle the attention economy but to reshape it in a way that respects and enriches our most precious resource: our attention. To overcome the challenges, I can ask my family what caught their attention on social media today, sparking a conversation that bridges our digital divide. By paying attention to what we pay attention to, we not only enrich our own lives but also strengthen the bonds that connect us to one another. 40. What do our daily choices do to our lives? __________________________________________________________________________ 41. How can the author overcome the challenges that the attention economy poses? __________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Moving ahead, our primary challenge is not merely to handle the attention economy but to reshape it in a way that saves our most precious resource: our attention. __________________________________________________________________________ 43. How do your daily attention choices shape your life? __________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。联合国正面向全球青少年开展倡议征集活动。你的外国好友Jim打算参加，为此发来邮件，就倡议内容询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 提出的建议； 2. 建议的理由。 提示词：倡议 proposal 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $