精品解析：北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末综合练习英语试卷

丰台区2023-2024学年度第二学期期末练习高二英语 笔试(共三部分100分) 第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When Gertrude Grew Great Gertrude was just an average kid with an average life. At home, she helped out just enough to slide by. At school, she did just enough homework to stay out of ___1___. She had straight C's in all of her classes. One day Gertrude’s teacher stopped her after class. “Gertrude,” he said, “I’ve seen the work you do in class, and some of it is ___2___.” Gertrude knew there were moments when she did try a little harder than what everyone ___3___, like when she took extra time with her homework to make it look fancy. But she didn’t really believe that she could change. She had done just enough to ___4___ for so long. In fact, she was scared by the thought of having the power to become whatever she wanted. That night, Gertrude had a dream. It was ten years into the future. She could not find an average job, because even the average jobs were___5___ by above-average workers. Gertrude wanted her own place, her own life. A voice spoke in the dream:“The present is nothing more than the___6___ of the choices made in the past. “The future will only be the results of the choices we make today.” Gertrude began crying, because she knew she had helped ___7___ the world where she lived, and the choices she made had produced the options she had. The next day, she tried harder in school, and she felt ___8___ than usual. She helped more around the house, and she felt better than typical. Soon the pattern of Success ___9___ that of being normal and Gertrude even became great at failing by learning from her mistakes. Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized house and she was just the average adult. But her ___10___ was above average, because her life was hers. 1. A. order B. trouble C. sight D. debt 2. A. challenging B. amusing C. amazing D. encouraging 3. A. learned B. insisted C. expected D. complained 4. A. get by B. give in C. show up D. stand out 5. A. filled B. offered C. refused D. valued 6. A. chance B. risk C. reward D. outcome 7. A. lead B. shape C. better D. protect 8. A. smarter B. sadder C. calmer D. freer 9. A. followed B. covered C. produced D. replaced 10. A. independence B. happiness C. confidence D. gratitude 第二节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Jules Verne (1828-1905) is regarded as one of the fathers of science fiction. He ___11___ (pen) 54 novels as part of his “Extraordinary Voyages” series. Many of his stories feature a brilliant but mad scientist ___12___ inventions ultimately bring more harm than good. Captain Nemo uses his submarine to violently attack ships, while Dr. Sarrasin's utopian city ___13___ (become) the target of a takeover plot. For Verne, human nature was the factor that determined ___14___ technology would be a force for good or a source of destruction. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The International Museum Day represents a unique moment for the international museum community. ___15___ (organise) each year on 18 May, the celebrations can last a day, a weekend or a whole week. On this day, ___16___(participate) museums plan creative events and highlight the importance of the role of museums as institutions. Now, participation in International Museum Day ___17___ (grow) among museums all over the world. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The summers of my childhood were ___18___ (stick) hot. At night, we ran window fans and hoped for cooler air. But those summer nights seem pleasant compared with the extraordinary heat waves nowadays. Till this summer, thousands of new records ___19___ (set) not just for daily high temperatures, but also for warmest overnight lows. Hot nights are dangerous ___20___ they rob people of the chance to cool down before the next burning day. 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Student Volunteer Internships 2023-2024 A limited number of unpaid internships (实习) are available in Washington, D. C. within the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Water. You must be a full-time undergraduate or graduate student. A diversity of candidates within various fields of study are encouraged to apply, including degree candidates in the following subjects: ·Hydrology, aquatic biology, marine science, environmental engineering, geology, meteorology, soil science, etc ·Public health, toxicology, sanitation, environmental justice, etc ·Public administration, finance, management, communications, etc. Candidates should have a demonstrated interest or career goals in a water-health or public-health related field, including sustainability and resilience. Demanded qualities include strong analytical, written and oral skills, the ability to work independently and on a team, and a strong desire to take initiative. The volunteer intern will work for a minimum of 12 weeks on a full-time (40 hours per week) or part-time (20 hours per week) schedule. Participants will not be paid but are qualified to apply for a travelling expense. Participants do not become EPA employees during their stay. Applications will be accepted on a rolling basis;however, most projects will arise for internship opportunities during the Summer Semester. Please submit your application at least 2 months before each semester begins. We recognize that timeframes may vary due to class schedules and we will work with individual candidates to specify exact timing and duration as necessary. The general timeframes by semester are as follows: Summer Semester (late May through late August) Fall Semester (September through December) Spring Semester (January through April) To apply, email a resume, cover letter, and a short writing sample (maximum 5 pages) to: braschayko. kelley@ epa. gov. 21. According to the passage, applicants are required to A. be full-time graduate students B. speak foreign language fluently C. have the ability to work with teams D. major in a public-health related field 22. What will EPA provide for the volunteer interns? A. Financial support for transport. B. Personalized work schedules. C. A letter of recommendation. D. Employment opportunities 23. What should candidates do to apply for the internship? A Email your intern timeframes. B. Provide the degree certificate. C. Work in a team for 12 weeks D. Offer a short writing sample. B At an airport I overheard an old man and his daughter in their last moments together. They had announced her plane’s departure and standing near the door, he said to his daughter, “I love you, I wish you enough.” She said, “Daddy, our life together has been more than enough. Your love is all I ever needed. I wish you enough, too, Daddy. ” They kissed good-bye and she left. He walked over toward the window where I was seated. Standing there I could see he wanted and needed to cry. I tried not to intrude on his privacy, but he welcomed me in by asking, “Did you ever say good-bye to someone knowing it would be forever?” “Yes, I have,” I replied. Saying that brought back memories I had of expressing my love and appreciation for all my Dad had done for me. Recognizing that his days were limited I took the time to tell him face to face how much he meant to me. So I knew what this man was experiencing. “Forgive me for asking, but why is this a forever good-bye?” I asked. “I am old and she lives much too far away. I have challenges ahead and the reality is, her next trip back will be for my funeral,” he said. “When you were saying good-bye I heard you say, ‘I wish you enough. ‘May I ask what that means?” He began to smile. “That’s a wish that has been handed down from other generations. My parents used to say it to everyone. ”He paused for a moment and looking up as if trying to remember it in detail, he smiled even more. “When we said ‘I wish you enough’, we were wanting the other person to have a life filled with enough good things to sustain them, ”he continued and then turning toward me, he shared the following as if he were reciting it from memory. “I wish you enough sun to keep your attitude bright. I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more. I wish you enough happiness to keep your spirit alive. I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life appear much bigger. I wish you enough gain to satisfy your wanting. I wish you enough loss to appreciate all that you possess. I wish enough ‘Hellos’ to get you through the final ‘Good-bye’. ” 24. The old man want to cry because _______ A. he was guilty for not loving his daughter enough B. his daughter didn’t care about him as expected C. he had a slim chance to see his daughter again D. his daughter’s parting words made him sad 25. The author mentioned his Dad to show________ A. his appreciation for his father’s devotion B. his sorrow for his father leaving the world C. his understanding of the old man’s feeling D. his concern for the old man’s mental state 26. What message does the old man’s wish convey? A. Every moment is a blessing. B. Great hopes make great men. C. Happiness lies in contentment. D. To get time is to get everything. 27. According to the passage, which can best describe the old man? A. Helpful and gentle. B. Wise and loving. C. Modest and thoughtful. D. Kind and generous. C The violence of shaking from an earthquake is usually focused in the direction the quake is traveling. But a boomerang quake may spread the intense shaking across a wider zone. The new study, published today in the journal Nature Geoscience, is a major step toward clearing up the complex physics behind boomerang quakes and understanding their potential damage. The latest boomerang was recorded near the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016. By examining the position of the epicenter (震中) and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study, identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. “This was weird, ”he says. This second leg of the quake moved remarkably quickly, at so-called supershear speeds. The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11, 000 miles per hour—fast enough to dart from New York to London in 18. 5 minutes, so fast that it caused the geologic version of a sonic boom. How often does this happen?A boomerang quake at supershear speeds, as Hicks and his team observed in the Atlantic, may be a fairly rare type. But wider evidence of boomerang quakes is mounting. These back-tracking events have been studied in computer models as well as simulated in lab experiments. “The theory says that it’s there, but it’s quite difficult to see that [in the real world], ”says Hicks. The 2016 earthquake in Kumamoto also seems to have ruptured (破裂) in a similar process. For that event, the initial shake triggered two other quakes, one of which raced backward to partially overlap the initial break. Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to grappling with risks earthquakes present. “Studies like this help us understand how past earthquakes ruptured, how future earthquakes may rupture, and how that relates to the potential impact for faults (断层) near populated areas, ”says Hicks. These boomerangs maybe obscured by conventional approaches used to analyze quakes, which are based on an assumption that a quake rushes in one direction. “Naturally we’re not looking for it, we don’t expect it to exist,” Hicks says. Yet for earthquakes, it seems, complexities might be the norm rather than the exception. As Hicks puts it: “The more and more we look at earthquakes in more detail, of course we see stranger things.” 28. A boomerang earthquake differs from other quakes because ________. A. it moves at a super-fast speed B. it triggers several small quakes C. it releases immeasurable energy D. it shakes in two opposite directions 29. From the passage we can learn that _________. A. the coming of the next boomerang can be predicted B. boomerangs are too complex to be fully understood C. boomerang events are commonplace in the real world D. common methods are reliable in analyzing boomerangs 30. What does the underlined phrase “grappling with” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. putting off B. coping with C. bringing about D. fighting against D All over the world, formal education supplies the economy with workers who will increase productivity to fuel the economic machine. But this machine now threatens our very survival. If the entire world reaches the levels of consumption seen in high-income countries today, we’ll need multiple planet Earths to supply the resources. The absurd (荒谬的) idea of infinite growth within a finite territory is at the heart of our economic system. To keep this machine running, formal education generates ever more efficient “human capital”. Increasing productivity metrics (指标) rather than the individuality of students drives our civilization’s approach to schooling our young people. Whereas the Sustainable Development Goals call for turning education into a force for sustainability, the opposite is often true: The ways Western societies have come to think about education undermine our ability to deal with the environmental crisis. To get through this crisis, we need to cultivate our imagination, not undermine it. Growing up, none of my schooling fostered my ability to imagine a world different from what I saw around me. Besides, I realize the suppression (抑制) of children’s imagination doesn’t take place only in underresourced communities, but in “elite” institutions that tout “critical thinking”. Schools want to see their graduates succeed, and success is too often about maintaining current structures — not about reimagining their foundations. Essentially, our education systems shape children in the image of artificial intelligence. The perfect “worker”, AI, continually improves its own productivity but doesn’t challenge the larger structures within which it operates. It is one of the great paradoxes of our time that we invest so much into building supercomputers while marginalizing the imaginative potential of millions of human brains. What’s more, we even put our hope in solving the environmental crisis on AI. But AI, like our other technologies, can only treat the symptoms of the environmental crisis, not the causes Throughout history, achievers of great change have relied on their imaginations to address fundamental flaws in society. In my country of birth, communists kept their dreams of democracy alive for decades by imagining different futures. In South Africa, Nelson Mandela’s followers had to be radical (激进的) in their imagination to create a vision of a fairer society. Imagining democracy when living under a totalitarian regime (极权主义政权) isn’t that different from imagining degrowth when living in a world of infinite growth. The kind of intelligence that Nelson Mandela and such possessed was not artificial. The ability to reimagine the future and disrupt the current situation remains a distinctly human quality. Unlike AI, children are naturally imaginative and question the premises of society. In my research, I have observed that younger children are often the most radical in imagining different futures. As long as our imagination is curtailed, ideas like degrowth sound utopian (乌托邦的) to many, Cultivating imagination means learning from history’s disrupters who made the impossible possible. Instead of dismissing “childish” ideas about the world’s future, it means seeing inspiration in children’s imaginations. In an education system that celebrates imagination, arts and creativity are as important as math and science. Idealism coexists with pragmatism. The environmental crisis is not a crisis of technology or science, it is a crisis of imagination. If we let children be our guides, we might be able to imagine our way to survival. 31. The author hopes education can play its role in ________. A. developing human resources B. promoting sustainable development C. increasing productivity D. maximizing economic growth 32. From the passage, we can learn that _________. A. imagination isn’t well developed in schools B. AI helps exploit the potential of human brains C. graduates’ success changes the social structures D. AI can address the root cause of economic crisis 33. Nelson Mandela is mentioned as _________. A. a success in building a fair society B. a leader who had a great influence C. a pioneer possessing the quality of AI D. an inspiration to solve social problems 34. According to the passage, the author may agree that _________. A. children’s imagination ensures human’s survival B. the environmental crisis results from technology C. imagination can help solve environmental crisis D. the “childish” ideas will ruin the world’s future 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? Chickens are one of the most economically important animals in the world today. ___35___, Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. ___36___. It was this trait of productive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the domestic chicken so attractive to ancient peoples ___37___. They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs. The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. ___38___ . In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence for the loss of seasonal egg laying yet identified in the archaeological record. Meanwhile, it is an important clue for better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relationships between humans and animals that resulted in domestication Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. ___39___. A. To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work. B. The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. C. Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear. D. Research shows chickens were bred throughout southern Central Asia, and were spread along the ancient Silk Road. E. The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl F. They argue that the loss of seasonal egg laying was the main drive for the spread of domestic chickens across Eurasia and northeast Africa G. As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. 第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What We Really Know About ASMR If you spend time on YouTube or TikTok, you may have come across videos of someone whispering into a microphone, carefully slicing stacks of slime, or slowly ripping strips of paper. These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian (经络) response, or ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. Watching videos that trigger ASMR is thought to lead to positive responses throughout the body including enhanced mood, relaxation, and even pain relief. But can you really achieve these benefits just by watching a short video?A systematic review published seeks to answer that question. German researchers combined the data from 54 studies to better help us understand ASMR and its effects. But first, where did this idea come from?There are references to feelings similar to ASMR in classic literature dating back to the early 1900s. The contemporary definitions of ASMR sprang from a discussion forum on a health-focused website in2007. A YouTuber named Jennifer Allen coined the term in 2010. Based on the previous studies, the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sounds, and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals. They also explored its benefits. Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data also shows that it can improve short-term memory. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure, physical signals of relaxation. In addition, they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief. Despite the encouraging results, the authors noted that many of the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack of diversity among participants; more research is needed to truly understand the impacts of ASMR. Luckily, it’s true that watching sensory videos of people brushing their hair, whispering, and making soft repetitive noises can lead to relaxation and stress relief. The best thing about ASMR is that there are minimal side effects. So if you’re feeling anxious or stressed, it might be worth watching a few minutes of ASMR videos to see if they help! 40. What is an autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR)? _____________________________________ 41. According to the studies, what benefits can ASMR bring us? _____________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people. _____________________________________ 43. Besides watching ASMR videos, what else do you do when feeling anxious or stressed? _____________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim来信向你倾诉他的烦恼：学校艺术节展演在即，他任社长的舞蹈社与朋友的音乐社都想在学校仅有的一间排练室（rehearsal room）练习，导致两个社团都无法充分排练。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 解决问题的建议； 2. 给予安慰或鼓励。 注意：1 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 丰台区2023-2024学年度第二学期期末练习高二英语 笔试(共三部分100分) 第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When Gertrude Grew Great Gertrude was just an average kid with an average life. At home she helped out just enough to slide by. At school, she did just enough homework to stay out of ___1___. She had straight C's in all of her classes. One day Gertrude’s teacher stopped her after class. “Gertrude,” he said, “I’ve seen the work you do in class, and some of it is ___2___.” Gertrude knew there were moments when she did try a little harder than what everyone ___3___, like when she took extra time with her homework to make it look fancy. But she didn’t really believe that she could change. She had done just enough to ___4___ for so long. In fact, she was scared by the thought of having the power to become whatever she wanted. That night, Gertrude had a dream. It was ten years into the future. She could not find an average job, because even the average jobs were___5___ by above-average workers. Gertrude wanted her own place, her own life. A voice spoke in the dream:“The present is nothing more than the___6___ of the choices made in the past. “The future will only be the results of the choices we make today.” Gertrude began crying, because she knew she had helped ___7___ the world where she lived, and the choices she made had produced the options she had. The next day, she tried harder in school, and she felt ___8___ than usual. She helped more around the house, and she felt better than typical. Soon the pattern of Success ___9___ that of being normal and Gertrude even became great at failing by learning from her mistakes. Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized house and she was just the average adult. But her ___10___ was above average, because her life was hers. 1. A. order B. trouble C. sight D. debt 2. A. challenging B. amusing C. amazing D. encouraging 3. A. learned B. insisted C. expected D. complained 4. A. get by B. give in C. show up D. stand out 5. A. filled B. offered C. refused D. valued 6. A. chance B. risk C. reward D. outcome 7. A. lead B. shape C. better D. protect 8. A. smarter B. sadder C. calmer D. freer 9. A. followed B. covered C. produced D. replaced 10. A. independence B. happiness C. confidence D. gratitude 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了曾经格特鲁德只是一个过着普通生活的普通孩子，但是她逐渐意识到帮助塑造了她所生活的世界，她所做的选择产生了她现在的选择，所以她开始用成功的模式取代了正常的模式，让自己更加幸福。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校，她只做了足够的家庭作业以避免麻烦。A. order命令；B. trouble麻烦；C. sight视力；D. debt债务。根据上文“At home, she helped out just enough to slide by.(在家里，她帮的忙只够凑合)”以及“At school, she did just enough homework to stay out of”可知，在学校，她只做了足够的家庭作业以避免麻烦。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“格特鲁德，”他说，“我看过你在课堂上做的作业，有些还很了不起。”A. challenging挑战的；B. amusing有趣的；C. amazing令人惊奇的；了不起的；D. encouraging鼓舞人心的。根据后文“like when she took extra time with her homework to make it look fancy”可知，老师夸奖她的作业了不起。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：格特鲁德知道，有时候她确实比大家期望的要努力一些，比如她花额外的时间做作业，让它看起来更漂亮。A. learned学习；B. insisted坚持；C. expected期待；D. complained抱怨。根据后文“like when she took extra time with her homework to make it look fancy”可知，有时候格特鲁德确实比大家期望的要努力一些，故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她所做的工作只够维持这么长时间。A. get by维持；B. give in屈服；C. show up出现；D. stand out突出。根据上文“she did just enough homework”指她所做的工作只够维持这么长时间。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她找不到一份普通的工作，因为即使是普通的工作也被高于平均水平的工人填补了。A. filled装满；B. offered提议；C. refused拒绝；D. valued重视。根据上文“She could not find an average job, because even the average jobs were”可知，找不到普通的工作是因为即使是普通的工作也被高于平均水平的工人填补了。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：梦中有个声音说:“现在只不过是过去所做选择的结果。”A. chance机会；B. risk风险；C. reward奖励；D. outcome结果。根据后文“The future will only be the results of the choices we make today.”可知，现在只不过是过去所做选择的结果，而未来只会是我们今天所做选择的结果。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：格特鲁德哭了起来，因为她知道她帮助塑造了她所生活的世界，她所做的选择产生了她现在的选择。A. lead带领；B. shape塑造；C. better胜过；D. protect保护。根据后文“the world where she lived, and the choices she made had produced the options she had”指她自己塑造了所生活的世界，她所做的选择产生了她现在的选择。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她在学校更加努力了，她觉得自己比平时聪明了。A. smarter更聪明的；B. sadder更悲伤的；C. calmer更平静的；D. freer更自由的。根据后文“She helped more around the house, and she felt better than typical.(她在家里帮了更多的忙，感觉比平时好多了)”可知，事情在往好的方面发展，她在学校更加努力了，她觉得自己比平时聪明了。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，成功的模式取代了正常的模式，格特鲁德甚至变得善于从错误中吸取教训。A. followed跟随；B. covered覆盖；C. produced产生；D. replaced取代。根据后文“that of being normal”可知，成功的模式取代了正常的模式，故选D。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是她的幸福高于平均水平，因为她的生活是她自己的。A. independence独立；B. happiness幸福；C. confidence自信；D. gratitude感激。根据上文“Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized house and she was just the average adult.( 十年后，格特鲁德住在一所普通大小的房子里，她只是一个普通的成年人)”可知，她从成为普通人中收获了更高的幸福感，故选B。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Jules Verne (1828-1905) is regarded as one of the fathers of science fiction. He ___11___ (pen) 54 novels as part of his “Extraordinary Voyages” series. Many of his stories feature a brilliant but mad scientist ___12___ inventions ultimately bring more harm than good. Captain Nemo uses his submarine to violently attack ships, while Dr. Sarrasin's utopian city ___13___ (become) the target of a takeover plot. For Verne, human nature was the factor that determined ___14___ technology would be a force for good or a source of destruction. 【答案】11. penned 12. whose 13. becomes 14. whether##if 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说之父儒勒·凡尔纳。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：他写了54部小说，作为他的“非凡之旅”系列的一部分。描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故填penned。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他的许多故事都描写了一位才华横溢但疯狂的科学家，他的发明最终带来的坏处大于好处。定语从句修饰先行词scientist，关系词在从句作定语，故用whose。故填whose。 【13题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：尼莫船长用他的潜艇猛烈攻击船只，而萨拉辛博士的乌托邦城市成为了接管阴谋的目标。根据上文uses可知为一般现在时，主语为Dr. Sarrasin's utopian city，谓语用三单形式。故填becomes。 【14题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：凡尔纳认为，人性是决定技术是善的力量还是毁灭的源泉的因素。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether/if。故填whether/if。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The International Museum Day represents a unique moment for the international museum community. ___15___ (organise) each year on 18 May, the celebrations can last a day, a weekend or a whole week. On this day, ___16___(participate) museums plan creative events and highlight the importance of the role of museums as institutions. Now, participation in International Museum Day ___17___ (grow) among museums all over the world. 【答案】15. Organised##Organized 16. participating 17. grows##has grown/has been growing 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际博物馆日的意义。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：每年5月18日举办，庆祝活动可以持续一天、一个周末或整整一周。此处organise与celebrations构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Organised/Organized。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在这一天，参与的博物馆将策划创意活动，并强调博物馆作为机构的重要性。作句子的主语，用动名词形式。故填participating。 【17题详解】 考查时态。句意：现在，世界各地的博物馆越来越多地参与国际博物馆日活动。此处可理解为说明目前的情况用一般现在时，或理解为过去对现在的影响，用现在完成时，或过去发生的动作持续到现在，还可能持续下去，用现在完成进行时，主语为participation in International Museum Day，谓语用三单形式。故填grows/has grown/has been growing。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The summers of my childhood were ___18___ (stick) hot. At night, we ran window fans and hoped for cooler air. But those summer nights seem pleasant compared with the extraordinary heat waves nowadays. Till this summer, thousands of new records ___19___ (set) not just for daily high temperatures, but also for warmest overnight lows. Hot nights are dangerous ___20___ they rob people of the chance to cool down before the next burning day. 【答案】18. sticky 19. have been set 20. because##since##as 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是与童年时期相比，现在的夏天异常炎热，不仅白天高温创纪录，连夜晚的最低温度也屡创新高。这种炎热的夜晚很危险，因为它们剥夺了人们在下一个炎热日子之前降温的机会。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我童年的夏天又热又粘。设空处使用stick的形容词sticky作表语，意为“粘的，黏的”。故填sticky。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：直到今年夏天，成千上万的新记录被创造出来，不仅是每天的最高温度，还有最温暖的夜间最低温度。设空处使用动词作谓语，句中till this summer为现在完成时时间标志，同时records与set之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时被动语态。故填have been set。 【20题详解】 考查连词。句意：炎热的夜晚是危险的，因为它们剥夺了人们在下一个炎热的白天到来之前降温的机会。设空处使用连词连接前后两个句子，后句与前句构成因果关系，表示“因为”用as/since/because。故填as/since/because。 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Student Volunteer Internships 2023-2024 A limited number of unpaid internships (实习) are available in Washington, D. C. within the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Water. You must be a full-time undergraduate or graduate student. A diversity of candidates within various fields of study are encouraged to apply, including degree candidates in the following subjects: ·Hydrology, aquatic biology, marine science, environmental engineering, geology, meteorology, soil science, etc ·Public health, toxicology, sanitation, environmental justice, etc ·Public administration, finance, management, communications, etc. Candidates should have a demonstrated interest or career goals in a water-health or public-health related field, including sustainability and resilience. Demanded qualities include strong analytical, written and oral skills, the ability to work independently and on a team, and a strong desire to take initiative. The volunteer intern will work for a minimum of 12 weeks on a full-time (40 hours per week) or part-time (20 hours per week) schedule. Participants will not be paid, but are qualified to apply for a travelling expense. Participants do not become EPA employees during their stay. Applications will be accepted on a rolling basis;however, most projects will arise for internship opportunities during the Summer Semester. Please submit your application at least 2 months before each semester begins. We recognize that timeframes may vary due to class schedules and we will work with individual candidates to specify exact timing and duration as necessary. The general timeframes by semester are as follows: Summer Semester (late May through late August) Fall Semester (September through December) Spring Semester (January through April) To apply, email a resume, cover letter, and a short writing sample (maximum 5 pages) to: braschayko. kelley@ epa. gov. 21. According to the passage, applicants are required to A. be full-time graduate students B. speak foreign language fluently C. have the ability to work with teams D. major in a public-health related field 22. What will EPA provide for the volunteer interns? A. Financial support for transport. B. Personalized work schedules. C. A letter of recommendation. D. Employment opportunities 23. What should candidates do to apply for the internship? A. Email your intern timeframes. B. Provide the degree certificate. C. Work in a team for 12 weeks D. Offer a short writing sample. 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇招募广告。美国环保署华盛顿特区水质办公室提供2023-2024年度无薪实习生岗位。本文陈述了一些具体要求。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“Demanded qualities include strong analytical, written and oral skills, the ability to work independently and on a team(要求的素质包括强大的分析、写作和口头技能，独立工作和团队合作的能力)”可知，申请者需要具备很多能力包括团队合作能力，而C选项更具体地提到了团队合作的能力，这是在申请要求中明确指出的。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Participants will not be paid, but are qualified to apply for a travelling expense.(参与者不会得到报酬，但有资格申请旅行费用)”可知，EPA将为志愿者实习生提供交通费支持。故选A项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“To apply, email a resume, cover letter, and a short writing sample (maximum 5 pages) to: braschayko.kelley@epa.gov.(要申请，请将简历、求职信和一份简短的写作样本（最多5页）发送至braschayko.kelley@epa.gov)”可知，候选人需要提交一份简短的写作样本。故选D项。 B At an airport I overheard an old man and his daughter in their last moments together. They had announced her plane’s departure and standing near the door, he said to his daughter, “I love you, I wish you enough.” She said, “Daddy, our life together has been more than enough. Your love is all I ever needed. I wish you enough, too, Daddy. ” They kissed good-bye and she left. He walked over toward the window where I was seated. Standing there I could see he wanted and needed to cry. I tried not to intrude on his privacy, but he welcomed me in by asking, “Did you ever say good-bye to someone knowing it would be forever?” “Yes, I have,” I replied. Saying that brought back memories I had of expressing my love and appreciation for all my Dad had done for me. Recognizing that his days were limited I took the time to tell him face to face how much he meant to me. So I knew what this man was experiencing. “Forgive me for asking, but why is this a forever good-bye?” I asked. “I am old and she lives much too far away. I have challenges ahead and the reality is, her next trip back will be for my funeral,” he said. “When you were saying good-bye I heard you say, ‘I wish you enough. ‘May I ask what that means?” He began to smile. “That’s a wish that has been handed down from other generations. My parents used to say it to everyone. ”He paused for a moment and looking up as if trying to remember it in detail, he smiled even more. “When we said ‘I wish you enough’, we were wanting the other person to have a life filled with enough good things to sustain them, ”he continued and then turning toward me, he shared the following as if he were reciting it from memory. “I wish you enough sun to keep your attitude bright. I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more. I wish you enough happiness to keep your spirit alive. I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life appear much bigger. I wish you enough gain to satisfy your wanting. I wish you enough loss to appreciate all that you possess. I wish enough ‘Hellos’ to get you through the final ‘Good-bye’. ” 24. The old man want to cry because _______ A. he was guilty for not loving his daughter enough B. his daughter didn’t care about him as expected C. he had a slim chance to see his daughter again D. his daughter’s parting words made him sad 25. The author mentioned his Dad to show________ A. his appreciation for his father’s devotion B. his sorrow for his father leaving the world C. his understanding of the old man’s feeling D. his concern for the old man’s mental state 26. What message does the old man’s wish convey? A. Every moment is a blessing. B. Great hopes make great men. C. Happiness lies in contentment. D. To get time is to get everything. 27. According to the passage, which can best describe the old man? A. Helpful and gentle. B. Wise and loving. C. Modest and thoughtful. D. Kind and generous. 【答案】24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在机场一位老人与女儿告别的情景，通过他们的对话展现了亲情、离别与祝愿的主题，同时也穿插了作者自身的回忆与感悟。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段““I am old and she lives much too far away. I have challenges ahead and the reality is, her next trip back will be for my funeral,” he said. (“我老了，她住得太远了。我面临着挑战，而现实是，她下次回来将是参加我的葬礼。”)”可知，老人知道自己可能无法活到女儿下次回来的时候，因此这可能是他们最后一次见面，所以老人想哭。故选C。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Standing there I could see he wanted and needed to cry. I tried not to intrude on his privacy, but he welcomed me in by asking, “Did you ever say good-bye to someone knowing it would be forever?” “Yes, I have,” I replied. (站在那里，我看得出他想哭，也需要哭。我尽量不去侵犯他的隐私，但他欢迎我，问我：“你有没有跟一个明知要永远再见的人说再见？”我回答说：“是的。”)”和第四段“Saying that brought back memories I had of expressing my love and appreciation for all my Dad had done for me. Recognizing that his days were limited, I took the time to tell him face to face how much he meant to me. So I knew what this man was experiencing. (这句话勾起了我对父亲为我所做的一切表达爱和感激的回忆。意识到他的日子不多了，我花时间当面告诉他，他对我来说有多重要。所以我知道这个人正在经历什么。)”可知，作者提到自己的父亲是因为他曾经也有过向父亲表达爱与感激的经历，认识到父亲的日子有限，亲自面对面地告诉父亲他对自己的意义。这表明作者对老人的感受有着深刻的理解。故选C。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““I wish you enough sun to keep your attitude bright. I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more. I wish you enough happiness to keep your spirit alive. I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life appear much bigger. I wish you enough gain to satisfy your wanting. I wish you enough loss to appreciate all that you possess. I wish enough ‘Hellos’ to get you through the final ‘Good-bye’. ” (“我希望你有足够的阳光，让你的态度保持光明。愿你有足够的雨水，让你更欣赏阳光。我希望你有足够的快乐来保持你的精神活力。我希望你有足够的痛苦，让生活中最小的快乐也变得更大。我希望你有足够的收获来满足你的需要。我希望你有足够的损失来珍惜你所拥有的一切。我希望有足够的‘你好’让你度过最后的‘再见’。”)”可知，老人的愿望传达了：每一刻都是一种祝福，都是幸福的时刻。故选A。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“At an airport I overheard an old man and his daughter in their last moments together. They had announced her plane’s departure and standing near the door, he said to his daughter, “I love you, I wish you enough.” (在机场，我无意中听到一位老人和他的女儿在一起的最后时刻。他们宣布了她的飞机起飞，他站在门口对女儿说：“我爱你，我希望你足够。”)”以及最后一段““I wish you enough sun to keep your attitude bright. I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more. I wish you enough happiness to keep your spirit alive. I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life appear much bigger. I wish you enough gain to satisfy your wanting. I wish you enough loss to appreciate all that you possess. I wish enough ‘Hellos’ to get you through the final ‘Good-bye’. ” (“我希望你有足够的阳光，让你的态度保持光明。愿你有足够的雨水，让你更欣赏阳光。我希望你有足够的快乐来保持你的精神活力。我希望你有足够的痛苦，让生活中最小的快乐也变得更大。我希望你有足够的收获来满足你的需要。我希望你有足够的损失来珍惜你所拥有的一切。我希望有足够的‘你好’让你度过最后的‘再见’。”)”可知，老人充满智慧并且深爱着他的家人。故选B。 C The violence of shaking from an earthquake is usually focused in the direction the quake is traveling. But a boomerang quake may spread the intense shaking across a wider zone. The new study, published today in the journal Nature Geoscience, is a major step toward clearing up the complex physics behind boomerang quakes and understanding their potential damage. The latest boomerang was recorded near the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016. By examining the position of the epicenter (震中) and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study, identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. “This was weird, ”he says. This second leg of the quake moved remarkably quickly, at so-called supershear speeds. The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11, 000 miles per hour—fast enough to dart from New York to London in 18. 5 minutes, so fast that it caused the geologic version of a sonic boom. How often does this happen?A boomerang quake at supershear speeds, as Hicks and his team observed in the Atlantic, may be a fairly rare type. But wider evidence of boomerang quakes is mounting. These back-tracking events have been studied in computer models as well as simulated in lab experiments. “The theory says that it’s there, but it’s quite difficult to see that [in the real world], ”says Hicks. The 2016 earthquake in Kumamoto also seems to have ruptured (破裂) in a similar process. For that event, the initial shake triggered two other quakes, one of which raced backward to partially overlap the initial break. Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to grappling with risks earthquakes present. “Studies like this help us understand how past earthquakes ruptured, how future earthquakes may rupture, and how that relates to the potential impact for faults (断层) near populated areas, ”says Hicks. These boomerangs maybe obscured by conventional approaches used to analyze quakes, which are based on an assumption that a quake rushes in one direction. “Naturally we’re not looking for it, we don’t expect it to exist,” Hicks says. Yet for earthquakes, it seems, complexities might be the norm rather than the exception. As Hicks puts it: “The more and more we look at earthquakes in more detail, of course we see stranger things.” 28. A boomerang earthquake differs from other quakes because ________. A. it moves at a super-fast speed B. it triggers several small quakes C. it releases immeasurable energy D. it shakes in two opposite directions 29. From the passage, we can learn that _________. A. the coming of the next boomerang can be predicted B. boomerangs are too complex to be fully understood C. boomerang events are commonplace in the real world D. common methods are reliable in analyzing boomerangs 30. What does the underlined phrase “grappling with” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. putting off B. coping with C. bringing about D. fighting against 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“回旋镖地震”的研究进展和潜在危害。这种地震的特点是在传播过程中会改变方向，产生更广泛的强烈震动。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The violence of shaking from an earthquake is usually focused in the direction the quake is traveling. But a boomerang quake may spread the intense shaking across a wider zone. (地震产生的强烈震动通常集中在地震传播的方向上。但回旋镖地震可能会将强烈的震动扩散到更大的区域。)”同时根据第二段中“By examining the position of the epicenter(震中)and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study, identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. (伦敦帝国理工学院(Imperial College London)的地震学家、这项新研究的第一作者斯蒂芬·希克斯(Stephen Hicks)通过研究震中的位置和每个震动阶段释放的能量，确定了地震的两个步骤：地震最初向东移动，但随后又向西转回。)”可知，一个回旋镖地震可能将强烈的震动传播到更广泛的区域，最新的回旋镖地震先向东移动，但随后又向西转回，因此回旋镖地震的震动方向会改变，先朝一个方向，然后转向相反的方向。因此，回旋镖地震与其他地震的主要区别在于它在两个相反的方向上震动。故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet for earthquakes, it seems, complexities might be the norm rather than the exception. As Hicks puts it: “The more and more we look at earthquakes in more detail, of course we see stranger things.”(然而，对于地震来说，复杂性似乎是常态，而不是例外。正如希克斯所说：“我们对地震的观察越细致，当然就会看到更奇怪的东西。”)”可知，这表明回旋镖地震非常复杂，难以完全理解。故选B。 【30题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to…(了解这些“回旋镖地震”事件发生的时间和原因对于……)”以及划线词后面的内容“... risks earthquakes present.(……存在地震风险。)”以及后文中“Studies like this help us understand how past earthquakes ruptured, how future earthquakes may rupture, and how that relates to the potential impact for faults (断层) near populated areas(这样的研究帮助我们了解过去的地震是如何破裂的，未来的地震可能会如何破裂，以及这与人口稠密地区附近断层的潜在影响有何关系)”可知，研究回旋镖地震帮助我们了解过去的地震是如何破裂的，未来的地震可能会如何破裂，以及这与人口稠密地区附近断层的潜在影响有何关系即研究回旋镖地震能够有助于我们处理或者解决目前地震存在的危险。故划线词与B选项“coping with(处理，解决)”为同义词。故选B。 D All over the world, formal education supplies the economy with workers who will increase productivity to fuel the economic machine. But this machine now threatens our very survival. If the entire world reaches the levels of consumption seen in high-income countries today, we’ll need multiple planet Earths to supply the resources. The absurd (荒谬) idea of infinite growth within a finite territory is at the heart of our economic system. To keep this machine running, formal education generates ever more efficient “human capital”. Increasing productivity metrics (指标) rather than the individuality of students drives our civilization’s approach to schooling our young people. Whereas the Sustainable Development Goals call for turning education into a force for sustainability, the opposite is often true: The ways Western societies have come to think about education undermine our ability to deal with the environmental crisis. To get through this crisis, we need to cultivate our imagination, not undermine it. Growing up, none of my schooling fostered my ability to imagine a world different from what I saw around me. Besides, I realize the suppression (抑制) of children’s imagination doesn’t take place only in underresourced communities, but in “elite” institutions that tout “critical thinking”. Schools want to see their graduates succeed, and success is too often about maintaining current structures — not about reimagining their foundations. Essentially, our education systems shape children in the image of artificial intelligence. The perfect “worker”, AI, continually improves its own productivity but doesn’t challenge the larger structures within which it operates. It is one of the great paradoxes of our time that we invest so much into building supercomputers while marginalizing the imaginative potential of millions of human brains. What’s more, we even put our hope in solving the environmental crisis on AI. But AI, like our other technologies, can only treat the symptoms of the environmental crisis, not the causes Throughout history, achievers of great change have relied on their imaginations to address fundamental flaws in society. In my country of birth, communists kept their dreams of democracy alive for decades by imagining different futures. In South Africa, Nelson Mandela’s followers had to be radical (激进的) in their imagination to create a vision of a fairer society. Imagining democracy when living under a totalitarian regime (极权主义政权) isn’t that different from imagining degrowth when living in a world of infinite growth. The kind of intelligence that Nelson Mandela and such possessed was not artificial. The ability to reimagine the future and disrupt the current situation remains a distinctly human quality. Unlike AI, children are naturally imaginative and question the premises of society. In my research, I have observed that younger children are often the most radical in imagining different futures. As long as our imagination is curtailed, ideas like degrowth sound utopian (乌托邦的) to many, Cultivating imagination means learning from history’s disrupters who made the impossible possible. Instead of dismissing “childish” ideas about the world’s future, it means seeing inspiration in children’s imaginations. In an education system that celebrates imagination, arts and creativity are as important as math and science. Idealism coexists with pragmatism. The environmental crisis is not a crisis of technology or science, it is a crisis of imagination. If we let children be our guides, we might be able to imagine our way to survival. 31. The author hopes education can play its role in ________. A. developing human resources B. promoting sustainable development C. increasing productivity D. maximizing economic growth 32. From the passage, we can learn that _________. A. imagination isn’t well developed in schools B. AI helps exploit the potential of human brains C. graduates’ success changes the social structures D. AI can address the root cause of economic crisis 33. Nelson Mandela is mentioned as _________. A. a success in building a fair society B. a leader who had a great influence C. a pioneer possessing the quality of AI D. an inspiration to solve social problems 34. According to the passage, the author may agree that _________. A. children’s imagination ensures human’s survival B. the environmental crisis results from technology C. imagination can help solve environmental crisis D. the “childish” ideas will ruin the world’s future 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕当前教育系统如何影响人类应对环境危机的能力展开讨论，提出了对现有教育模式的批判，并强调了培养想象力和创新能力的重要性。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Whereas the Sustainable Development Goals call for turning education into a force for sustainability, the opposite is often true: The ways Western societies have come to think about education undermine our ability to deal with the environmental crisis. To get through this crisis, we need to cultivate our imagination, not undermine it. (虽然可持续发展目标呼吁将教育转变为可持续发展的力量，但事实往往恰恰相反：西方社会对教育的思考方式削弱了我们应对环境危机的能力。为了度过这场危机，我们需要培养我们的想象力，而不是削弱它)”可推知，作者希望教育能在促进可持续发展方面发挥作用。故选B。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Growing up, none of my schooling fostered my ability to imagine a world different from what I saw around me. Besides, I realize the suppression (抑制) of children’s imagination doesn’t take place only in underresourced communities, but in “elite” institutions that tout “critical thinking”. Schools want to see their graduates succeed, and success is too often about maintaining current structures — not about reimagining their foundations. (从小到大，我所受的学校教育都没有培养我想象一个不同于我所看到的世界的能力。此外，我意识到对儿童想象力的压制不仅发生在资源匮乏的社区，也发生在鼓吹“批判性思维”的“精英”机构。学校希望看到他们的毕业生成功，而成功往往是维持现有的结构，而不是重新构想他们的基础)”可推知，学校教育中想象力并未得到充分发展。故选A。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In South Africa, Nelson Mandela’s followers had to be radical (激进的) in their imagination to create a vision of a fairer society. Imagining democracy when living under a totalitarian regime (极权主义政权) isn’t that different from imagining degrowth when living in a world of infinite growth. (在南非，Nelson Mandela的追随者必须在他们的想象中变得激进，才能创造一个更公平的社会。生活在极权主义政权下想象民主与生活在无限增长的世界里想象去增长并没有什么不同)”可推知，提及Nelson Mandela是为了强调其作为历史变革者的角色，他拥有重新构想未来的独特人类特质，从而激励人们解决社会问题，作为一个解决社会问题的灵感来源。故选D。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Whereas the Sustainable Development Goals call for turning education into a force for sustainability, the opposite is often true: The ways Western societies have come to think about education undermine our ability to deal with the environmental crisis. To get through this crisis, we need to cultivate our imagination, not undermine it. (虽然可持续发展目标呼吁将教育转变为可持续发展的力量，但事实往往恰恰相反：西方社会对教育的思考方式削弱了我们应对环境危机的能力。为了度过这场危机，我们需要培养我们的想象力，而不是削弱它)”和最后一段中的“The environmental crisis is not a crisis of technology or science, it is a crisis of imagination. If we let children be our guides, we might be able to imagine our way to survival. (环境危机不是技术或科学的危机，而是想象力的危机。如果我们让孩子成为我们的向导，我们也许能够想象我们的生存之路)”可知，作者认为想象力是解决环境危机的关键，如果释放孩子们的想象力并从中得到启发，我们或许能够想象出通往生存的道路。由此推知，作者同意想象力有助于解决环境危机的观点。故选C。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? Chickens are one of the most economically important animals in the world today. ___35___, Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. ___36___. It was this trait of productive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the domestic chicken so attractive to ancient peoples ___37___. They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs. The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. ___38___ . In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence for the loss of seasonal egg laying yet identified in the archaeological record. Meanwhile, it is an important clue for better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relationships between humans and animals that resulted in domestication Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. ___39___. A. To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work. B. The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. C. Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear. D. Research shows chickens were bred throughout southern Central Asia, and were spread along the ancient Silk Road. E. The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl F. They argue that the loss of seasonal egg laying was the main drive for the spread of domestic chickens across Eurasia and northeast Africa G. As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. 【答案】35. C 36. B 37. A 38. E 39. G 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章探讨了关于鸡与鸡蛋的经典问题，并通过介绍一项新的考古研究成果，阐述了家鸡驯化史中关于鸡蛋生产的重要发现，以及这些发现对理解家鸡起源和传播的意义。 【35题详解】 由下文的“Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. (考古学方法的最新进展揭示了许多曾经被认为是早期鸡的证据的骨头发现，实际上属于野生鸟类，)”可知，下文则提到了关于鸡的考古新发现，说明对于鸡如何起源和传播的故事并不清晰。因此，C选项“Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear (然而，它们如何起源并在古代世界中传播的故事仍很大程度上不清楚)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。 【36题详解】 由上文的“Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. (现在，在一份新的出版物中，一个由考古学家、历史学家和生物分子科学家组成的国际团队提出了最早的明确证据，证明养鸡是为了产蛋。研究人员从12个考古遗址收集了大约1500年的蛋壳碎片，研究人员表明，从公元前400年到公元1000年，鸡在中亚被广泛饲养，并可能沿着古丝绸之路传播。)”可知，科学家发现大量的蛋壳，本空继续谈论这些蛋壳的发现的意义。B选项“The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. (大量蛋壳进一步表明，这些鸟是在淡季产卵的。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 【37题详解】 根据下文的“They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs. The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. (他们从丝绸之路中亚主要走廊沿线的遗址收集了数以万计的蛋壳碎片。然后，他们使用一种称为ZooMS的生物分子分析方法来确定卵子的来源。这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，下文谈论了团队做的工作，故本空也与团队做的工作有关。A选项“To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work (为了得出这些结论，团队做了大量工作)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。 【38题详解】 根据上文的“The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. (这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，本空要阐述这一结论，根据下文的“In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). (在野外，这种鸟每年筑巢一次，通常每窝产六个蛋)”可知，这种鸟下蛋更多，E选项“The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl (这些鸟一定比它们的野生祖先红原鸡更频繁地下蛋)”是对研究结果的直接阐述，能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 【39题详解】 根据上文的“Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. (总的来说，这项新研究为古老的鸡生蛋还是蛋生鸡之谜提供了答案。)”可知，最后一个空格要求总结全文，总结研究的核心发现。G选项“As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. (正如中亚的证据所表明的那样，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡。)”既回应了文章开头的问题，也总结了研究的核心发现，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What We Really Know About ASMR If you spend time on YouTube or TikTok, you may have come across videos of someone whispering into a microphone, carefully slicing stacks of slime, or slowly ripping strips of paper. These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian (经络) response, or ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. Watching videos that trigger ASMR is thought to lead to positive responses throughout the body including enhanced mood, relaxation, and even pain relief. But can you really achieve these benefits just by watching a short video?A systematic review published seeks to answer that question. German researchers combined the data from 54 studies to better help us understand ASMR and its effects. But first, where did this idea come from?There are references to feelings similar to ASMR in classic literature dating back to the early 1900s. The contemporary definitions of ASMR sprang from a discussion forum on a health-focused website in2007. A YouTuber named Jennifer Allen coined the term in 2010. Based on the previous studies, the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sounds, and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals. They also explored its benefits. Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data also shows that it can improve short-term memory. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure, physical signals of relaxation. In addition, they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief. Despite the encouraging results, the authors noted that many of the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack of diversity among participants; more research is needed to truly understand the impacts of ASMR. Luckily, it’s true that watching sensory videos of people brushing their hair, whispering, and making soft repetitive noises can lead to relaxation and stress relief. The best thing about ASMR is that there are minimal side effects. So if you’re feeling anxious or stressed, it might be worth watching a few minutes of ASMR videos to see if they help! 40. What is an autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR)? _____________________________________ 41. According to the studies, what benefits can ASMR bring us? _____________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people. _____________________________________ 43. Besides watching ASMR videos what else do you do when feeling anxious or stressed? _____________________________________ 【答案】40. (ASMR/It is) a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. 41. It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and improve short-term memory. 42. Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among people. According to the passage, the intensity of the response varies widely by individuals. 43. Possible version 1: Time permitting, I can take a city walk in a strange place. Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attention away from what causes my stress. With a light heart, I can face my problem more readily. (41w) Possible version 2: I may talk my problem out with my parents or friends. Through an in-depth chat, I may clear my mind and work out some plausible ways to deal with the problem causing my anxiety. (34w) 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了自主感官经络反应（ASMR）的概念、其常见触发因素、对身心健康的潜在益处，以及目前研究存在的局限性。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian (经络) response, or ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. (这些视频旨在触发自主感觉经络反应，即ASMR，一种愉快的感觉，从头顶向下到颈部后部，再到脊柱上部。)”可知，自主感官经络反应（ASMR）是一种令人愉快的感觉，从头顶向下延伸至颈部后方，直至上脊柱。故答案为：(ASMR/It is) a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. 【41题详解】 考查推理判断题。根据第四段中“Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data also shows that it can improve short-term memory. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure, physical signals of relaxation. In addition, they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief. (明确的证据表明，ASMR可以减轻压力和焦虑。数据还显示，它可以改善短期记忆。在特定情况下，观看ASMR视频的参与者心率和血压较低，这是放松的身体信号。此外，他们还发现ASMR会触发与放松和减压相关的大脑活动模式。)”可知，ASMR可以减轻压力和焦虑，改善短期记忆。故答案为：It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and improve short-term memory. 【42题详解】 考查推理判断题。根据第四段中“Based on the previous studies, the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sounds, and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals. (基于之前的研究，研究人员得出结论，触发因素包括耳语、敲击声和自然声音，值得注意的是，ASMR的具体触发因素和反应强度因人而异。)”可知，不同人对相同触发因素的反应强度可能不同，而非相似。因此，错误部分为：“they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people (它们可能会在不同人中引起相似强度的反应)”，因为实际上反应强度是因人而异的。故答案为：Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people. According to the passage, the intensity of the response varies widely by individuals. 【43题详解】 开放性问题。如果时间允许，我可以到一个陌生的地方去城市散步。在一个新地方漫无目的地游荡会让我精神焕发，把我的注意力从导致我压力的原因上转移开。心情轻松，我可以更容易地面对我的问题。故答案为：Time permitting, I can take a city walk in a strange place. Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attention away from what causes my stress. With a light heart, I can face my problem more readily. 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim来信向你倾诉他的烦恼：学校艺术节展演在即，他任社长的舞蹈社与朋友的音乐社都想在学校仅有的一间排练室（rehearsal room）练习，导致两个社团都无法充分排练。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 解决问题的建议； 2. 给予安慰或鼓励。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Hearing about your problem in rehearsal, I’d like to provide you with some suggestions. I do understand that both of you want to make the performance better. So, you can list out the available time periods for the rehearsal room, divide it equally into two, and then decide on the right to use it through negotiation or drawing lots. When the rehearsal room is not available, you can arrange some individual training in other classrooms or even on the playground. This way, your practice in the rehearsal room will be more effective. I hope my suggestions can be helpful to you and wish you a successful performance. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。外国笔友Jim来信向你倾诉他的烦恼：学校艺术节展演在即，他任社长的舞蹈社与朋友的音乐社都想在学校仅有的一间排练练习，导致两个社团都无法充分排练，要求考生按照要求给他写一封电子邮件。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggestion→ proposal 理解：understand→ comprehend 安排：arrange→ schedule 有效的：effective→ efficacious 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Hearing about your problem in rehearsal, I’d like to provide you with some suggestions. 拓展句：After hearing about your problem in rehearsal, I’d like to provide you with some suggestions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing about your problem in rehearsal, I’d like to provide you with some suggestions.（运用了现分词Hearing作状语） 【高分句型2】I do understand that both of you want to make the performance better.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$