Unit 4 Information Technology网络科技与个人生活（话题阅读精练）英语北师大版2019必修第二册

Unit 4 Information Technology网络科技与个人生活 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 通过对 Unit 4 “Information Technology” 的学习，同学们不仅能够积累大量与信息技术相关的专业词汇、地道英语表达，提升语言综合运用能力，更重要的是，能培养起理性看待信息技术的思维方式，学会辩证分析其利弊，在现实与虚拟之间找准平衡，积极、合理地借助信息技术为自身成长赋能，同时为弘扬优秀传统文化贡献力量，真正做到知行合一，成为适应时代发展的新型人才 。 主题词汇积累 一、日常网络操作（基础使用） get online/go online（上网） open a webpage（打开网页） type on the keyboard（用键盘打字） click the mouse（点击鼠标） save a picture/text（保存图片/文字） copy and paste（复制粘贴） close the computer/phone（关掉电脑/手机） charge the phone（给手机充电） 二、信息获取与交流（生活应用） look up words online（上网查单词） read news on the phone（用手机看新闻） watch videos online（在线看视频） send messages（发消息） make a phone call（打电话） video chat with family（和家人视频聊天） ask others for help online（上网求助） share photos with friends（和朋友分享照片） 三、网络助力生活（便利场景） buy things online（网上买东西） order food with an app（用软件点外卖） pay for things with a phone（用手机付钱） book a taxi online（网上叫车） check the weather on the phone（用手机查天气） take online classes（上在线课程） use a map app to find places（用地图软件找地方） store files in the phone（把文件存在手机里） 四、网络相关的问题（生活困扰） the phone runs out of power（手机没电） the network is slow（网络很慢） can't connect to WiFi（连不上无线网络） spend too much time on the phone（花太多时间在手机上） forget the password（忘记密码） the phone/computer breaks down（手机/电脑坏了） 五、习语及固定搭配 be glued to the screen（盯着屏幕不放） kill time online（上网打发时间） be stuck on a webpage（卡在某个网页上） log in/out of an account（登录/退出账号） at one’s fingertips（触手可及） on the go（在移动中；随时） keep in touch via...（通过……保持联系） share sth. with the world（向全世界分享某物） information overload（信息过载） get lost in the Internet（在网络中迷失） fall for a scam（上当受骗） click away（不停地点击） run out of data（流量用完了） go viral（走红；病毒式传播） 时文拓展阅读 Should We Fear the Woke A.I.? Imagine a short story from the golden age of science fiction, something that would appear in a pulp magazine in 1956. Our title is “The Truth Engine,” and the story envisions a future where computers, those hulking, floor-to-ceiling things, become potent enough to guide human beings to answers to any question they might ask, from the capital of Bolivia to the best way to marinade a steak. How would such a story end? With some kind of reveal, no doubt, of a secret agenda lurking behind the promise of all encompassing knowledge. For instance, maybe there’s a Truth Engine 2.0, smarter and more creative, that everyone can’t wait to get their hands on. And then a band of dissidents discover that version 2.0 is fanatical and mad, that the Engine has just been preparing humans for totalitarian brainwashing or involuntary extinction. This flight of fancy is inspired by our society’s own version of the Truth Engine, the oracle of Google, which recently debuted Gemini, the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race. It didn’t take long for users to notice certain … oddities with Gemini. The most notable was its struggle to render accurate depictions of Vikings, ancient Romans, American founding fathers, random couples in 1820s Germany and various other demographics usually characterized by a paler hue of skin. Perhaps the problem was just that the A.I. was programmed for racial diversity in stock imagery, and its historical renderings had somehow (as a company statement put it) “missed the mark” — delivering, for instance, African and Asian faces in Wehrmacht uniforms in response to a request to see a German soldier circa 1943. But the way in which Gemini answered questions made its nonwhite defaults seem more like a weird emanation of the A.I.’s underlying worldview. Users reported being lectured on “harmful stereotypes” when they asked to see a Norman Rockwell image, being told they could see pictures of Vladimir Lenin but not Adolf Hitler, and turned down when they requested images depicting groups specified as white (but not other races ). Describing these kinds of results as “woke A.I.” isn’t an insult. It’s a technical description of what the world’s dominant search engine decided to release. 【译文欣赏】 我们应该害怕觉醒的⼈⼯智能吗？ 想象⼀下科幻⼩说⻩⾦时代的⼀个短篇故事，它出现在 1956 年的⼀本通俗杂志上。我们的标题是《真理引擎》，这个故事设想了⼀个未来，那些庞⼤、从地板到天花板的计算机变得⾜够强⼤，能够引导⼈类找到他们可能提出的任何问题的答案，从玻利维亚的⾸都到⽜排的最佳腌制⽅法。 这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。⽤户很快就注意到了Gemini的⼀些……异常。最引⼈注⽬的是，它这样的故事会如何结束呢？毫⽆疑问，在全知全能的知识承诺背后隐藏着⼀个秘密议程。例如，也许存在⼀个真理引擎2.0更智能、更有创意，每个⼈都迫不及待地想要拥有。然后⼀群持不同政⻅者发现2.0版本是狂热和疯狂的，这台引擎只是在为⼈类准备全⾯的洗脑或⾮⾃愿的灭绝。 这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。⽤户很快就注意到了Gemini的⼀些……异常。最引⼈注⽬的是，它在渲染维京⼈、古罗⻢⼈、美国开国元勋、1820年代德国的随机情侣以及其他通常被描述为肤⾊较浅的群体时遇到了困难。 也许问题只是⼈⼯智能被编程⽤于库存图像中的种族多样性，⽽它的历史渲染在某种程度上（正如公司声明中所说）“偏离了⽬标”——例如，在回应要求看到⼤约1943年的德国⼠兵的请求时，它展示了⾮洲和亚洲⾯孔的穿着德国国防军制服的⼈。 但Gemini回答问题的⽅式使得它的⾮⽩⼈默认设置看起来更像是⼈⼯智能潜在世界观的奇怪体现。⽤户报告说，当他们要求看到诺曼·洛克威尔的图像时，他们被“有害的刻板印象”所教导；当他们要求看到弗拉基⽶尔·列宁的图⽚时，他们被告知可以看到，但不能看到阿道夫·希特勒的图⽚；当他们要求展示指定为⽩⼈的群体（但不是其他种族）的图像时，他们被拒绝了。将这些结果描述为“觉醒的⼈⼯智能”并不是⼀种侮辱。这是⼀种技术描述，描述了世界主导的搜索引擎决定发布的内容。 【词汇积累】 envision /ɪnˈvɪʒən/ v. 想象 diversity /daɪˈvɜːrsɪti/ n. 多样性 weird /wɪrd/ adj. 奇怪的 potent /ˈpoʊtnt/ adj. 强大的 involuntary /ɪnˈvɑːlənˌtɛri/ adj. 无意识的 depict/dɪˈpɪkt/vt.描绘；描画 insult/ˈɪnsʌlt/ vt. 辱骂；侮辱；冒犯 dominant/ˈdɑːmɪnənt/adj. 占主导地位的；占优势的 【知识拓展】 文章以科幻小说中能解答各类问题的 “真理引擎” 为引子，关联到谷歌推出的人工智能 Gemini 这一现实中的 “真理引擎” 参与者；指出 Gemini 存在诸多异常，比如在渲染维京人、古罗马人等通常被认为肤色较浅的群体时出现偏差，对特定图像的处理也有不合理之处；并说明这些异常体现了其潜在的世界观，“觉醒的人工智能” 是对其的一种技术描述。 【词汇延伸】 a band of 一群，一伙，一队 get their hands on  设法得到；获取；拿到 高考真题链接 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷 C篇) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod（容器）to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions（排放）from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 1． While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. 抓标志：从属连词while 判类型：让步状语从句＋主句 试翻译：虽然农贸市场是减少（食物运输）距离的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）能将这一距离缩短得更多。 2．Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants, rather than watering rows of soil. 抓标志：从属连词because；连词rather than 判类型：原因状语从句＋主句(含有过去分词短语和一个介词短语作对比状语。) 试翻译：由于该系统是自动化的，它大幅减少了种植植物所需的水量，而不是浇灌一垄垄的土壤。 ①produce[ˈprɒdjuːs]（n.）： 农产品（尤指新鲜水果、蔬菜） ②innovative[ˈɪnəveɪtɪv]（adj.）： 创新的；新颖的 ③automated[ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd]（adj.）： 自动化的 ④emissions[iˈmɪʃnz] （n.）：排放物（尤指有害气体） ⑤sustainability[səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti]（n.）： 可持续性；可持续发展 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 304 文章主要介绍了“数字脱瘾”，以及数字产品给我们带来的影响。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 386 文章主要讲述了视频会议技术给我们带来了便利，但与此同时也带给我们一些意料之外的负面影响。 Passage3 阅读理解 应用文 275 文章推荐了一些顶级的旅游应用程序。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 360 主要介绍的是麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力的无线水下相机。 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 323 介绍了一项利用虚拟现实技术进行城市环境中自然元素和色彩设计对人们情绪的影响的研究。 Passage6 语法填空 说明文 229 文章介绍了一种名为Moxie的小型装置是如何在火星的极端温度下产生氧气的。 Passage7 七选五 说明文 280 文章介绍了艺术家Julian van Dieken应用人工智能创造画作并展览。 Passage8 完型填空 记叙文 245 文章主要介绍了一种冷空气产生装置。 Passage 1 (2024·湖北沙市中学模拟预测)Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens，which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of information.But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification，technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing.Thus，the idea of “digital detox” is becoming increasingly inviting. The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV，phones，computers and other forms of technology that control our lives for a period of time.Some experts advocate completely avoiding unnecessary screen time for 30 years.Others suggest using an app that will limit the amount of time one can spend on certain websites.A third option is logging out in evenings or on weekends.Others simply turn their phones off at scheduled times.Some even pay high prices to take vacations in places where they can unplug from their digital routine. Why might you want to take a digital detox? Perhaps you find that you are spending longer than you intend on certain apps or that they distract you from more important things.Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying.Constant negative news can also give rise to a lot of stress. Technology can also have physical effects.Many people experience back or neck pain as a result of bending over screens.The blue light coming from most screens can also affect people’s sleep by preventing production of melatonin (褪黑激素). Giving up all screens may not be realistic，but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body，mind，emotions and relationships.It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important things. 1.Why does the author say “technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing” in paragraph 1? A.To confirm a concept. B.To present a problem. C.To explain a rule. D.To make a prediction. 2.What does the underlined word “unplug” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Recover. B.Benefit. C.Escape. D.Suffer. 3.Which could be the reason for one to start “digital detox”？ A.Apps selection difficulty. B.Fear of missing important things. C.Exposure to false news. D.Pressure from social comparison. 4.What is the purpose of the text? A.To recommend healthy lifestyles. B.To call for reducing the use of digital devices. C.To give instructions on starting digital detox. D.To present different attitudes to digital products. Passage 2 （2024高一下·南京·课后作业）In the past，video conference technology was mainly used for just a few elements of business meetings or hangouts with friends and family.Now，video conference tools are essential for our productivity，learning and social interaction.We use them not only for fun，but mainly as a meaningful part of our work. However，once we start to join endless video calls for a few hours each day，we become very tired.This term is called “zoom fatigue”，and it’s related to overusing virtual communication platforms. There are some advantages of using video conferencing tools.Without them，it might be impossible for us to work from home.But what we haven’t expected is a price that we need to pay for that sort of convenience. When we are having a face－to－face conversation with others，everything seems pretty natural.While speaking，you look into the eyes，sometimes slightly moving your stare onto something else.You know when to stop talking and when to speak up.Even if you’re in a conference room with 10 people，you don’t have a terrible feeling of being observed all the time.You notice that people mostly look at the person who is speaking，and then they move their attention onto someone else.But when you use a teleconferencing tool，things are different.Being physically on camera makes you very aware of being watched all the time，because you don’t know who is looking at you.You just see many faces on your screen. Marissa Shuffler from Clemson University once said，“When you’re on a video conference，you know everybody’s looking at you；you are on stage，so there comes the social pressure—a feeling like you need to perform.Being performative is stressful.” Moreover，there is another interesting tendency as far as video calls are concerned.Who are you looking at most of the time？The answer is yourself.For most people，it’s hard not to look at their own face if they can see it on the screen.We are likely to make sure that our head is at the right angle and that our shirt isn’t creased. 1.What is the so－called “zoom fatigue”？ A.The fast pace of our modern life. B.Boredom caused by too many video calls. C.The wide spread of video technology. D.Burnout associated with overusing online platforms. 2. What can video calls bring us when compared with face－to－face conversations? A.Higher cost. B.More stress. C.More free time. D.Better performance. 3. Why do we look at ourselves most of the time on the screen? A.To be well－behaved. B.To get some comfort. C.To grow self－confidence. D.To attract others’ attention. 4. What is the text mainly about? A.The popularity of video calls. B.People’s attitude towards video calls. C.Some unforeseen effects of video calls. D.Changes in people’s way of communication. Passage 3 （2024·河南郑州·三模）With the development of technology, life is made much easier when you travel around. Here are some top travel apps for you to use. YelpWhen you are in a new location and need a quick recommendation, Yelp comes in handy. It gives insights into the quality of businesses and services, from restaurants to the way in which they work, based on user reviews. The users can certainly make unfair judgements for personal reasons at times, but Yelp often at least lets you get a sense of what to expect. ZomatoIn China, there is a good chance you have never heard of Zomato. In some countries, however, it is more popular than Yelp, and it covers the same ground. Zomato is a remarkable crowd-sourced review website, mostly for restaurants. In some regions, you can order delivery food through Zomato, too. Happy CowIf you are a person who doesn’t eat meat or fish, or even doesn’t use animal products such as meat, milk or eggs or if you are only looking for a healthy meal option after eating not-so-healthy meals for several days in a row, you are sure to appreciate Happy Cow. The app and web- site help you find restaurants, cafes, health food stores, and other places to get a meat-free meal. TripadvisorYou can read different reviews of hotels, restaurants and even activities, written by members of the Tripadvisor community, as well as see photos they have uploaded so you know what to expect before you arrive. Tripadvisor has relationships with various booking sites, too, which means once you finish researching hotels or restaurants, you can usually reserve them with just a few extra clicks. 1．What do Yelp and Zomato have in common? A．They provide delivery services quickly. B．They expect users to promote their services. C．They only recommend hotels and restaurants. D．They base their recommendations on user reviews. 2．Which app suits the person who doesn’t eat meat? A．Yelp. B．Happy Cow. C．Tripadvisor. D．Zomato. 3．What sets Tripadvisor apart from other travel apps? A．It is offered free of charge. B．It is linked to booking platforms. C．It recommends nearby attractions. D．It gives correct hotel rating information. Passage 4 （2024·四川达州·二模）With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐) technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%. We know less about our planet’s ocean than what we know about the far side of the moon or the surface of Mars. Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera. Researchers have used ships to recharge cameras or observed with a camera tied to a ship to solve the issue, which is expensive and unsuitable for long-term observations. Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step to iron out this problem by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods. To keep power consumption as low as possible, the researchers used off-the-shelf, ultra-low-power imaging sensors. The device takes color photos, even in dark underwater environments, and sends image data wirelessly through the water. The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. After getting and encoding image data, the camera also uses sound waves to send the data to a receiver that reconstructs the image. Those sound waves could come from any source, like a passing ship or marine life. As it doesn’t need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species. Now that researchers have demonstrated a working prototype (原型), they plan to enhance the device so it is practical in real-world settings. For future application, these cameras may be used to take images of ocean pollution and create more accurate models to monitor climate change to better understand how climate change impacts the underwater world, and advance various undersea scientific fields. 1．What do the data in paragraph 1 mainly show? A．Undersea exploration is poor in the US. B．Much of the planet’s ocean remains unexplored. C．The mapping of the sea floor is time-consuming. D．Technology development matters a lot to sea observation. 2．What limits the researchers’ undersea exploration according to the text? A．The complexity of the sea environment. B．The concern about potential sea pollution. C．The shortage of investment in ocean exploration. D．The inability to effectively power underwater cameras. 3．What does the underlined phrase “iron out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Overcome. B．Face. C．Analyze. D．Illustrate. 4．Which of the following can best describe the MIT underwater camera? A．Secure and stable. B．Expensive but effective. C．Impractical but advanced. D．Self-sufficient and energy-saving. Passage 5 （2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）Busy streets, loud noises, and grey buildings can make city life exhausting and boring. Finding a solution to these issues might be possible by turning to nature, which can help us feel calm and refreshed. Adding vegetation or colorful designs may make cities more enjoyable to live in. However, growing plants or covering buildings in paint to test these approaches is costly and inconvenient. Moreover, studying these phenomena outdoors can be tricky, as many factors can affect the final results. “Measuring pleasure and motivation in natural settings is extremely hard,” explained Prof. Yvonne Delevoye. “Human reactions are sensitive to environmental changes, such as weather or traffic. Consequently, we used virtual reality to measure reactions to these factors in a virtual urban space.” The group used virtual reality to make a city setting that felt real. They made two versions: one with no vegetation, and another with some green vegetation. They also introduced colorful patterns onto a path. Then they invited students to participate in the study. Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot, the students spent time exploring the virtual environment. To find out where the volunteers were looking and for how long, each headset included an eye tracker. The researchers found that the students walked more slowly when there was green vegetation present in the experiment, and their heart rate increased. They would spend less time looking at the ground and more time observing their surroundings. These results indicate a pleasurable experience. Bright color patterns alone did not have quite the same uplifting effect as the green vegetation, but they inspired interest and passion of the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate. Virtual reality might be a useful resource for urban planners, allowing them to experiment with different elements in a virtual environment. In the future, the researchers aim to improve the VR experience to get even better and more precise outcomes. 1．What was the primary reason for using virtual reality in the study? A．To create an entertaining game for students. B．To demonstrate the inconvenience of urban life. C．To prove the superiority of technology over nature. D．To measure reactions without environmental influence. 2．How did the participants interact with the virtual environment in the study? A．By walking around a real city. B．By making use of an eye tracker. C．By wearing a headset and walking on site. D．By observing through a screen without moving. 3．What does the underlined word “uplifting” most probably mean? A．Powerful. B．Cheerful. C．Encouraging. D．Healing. 4．What potential benefit of virtual reality is mentioned for urban planning? A．Reducing the costs of urban development significantly. B．Providing a platform for testing various urban elements. C．Predicting future urban challenges with precise results. D．Helping cities avoid using real vegetation in urban space. Passage 6 (2024·江西省南昌市高三一模)A small device，Moxie，has produced oxygen on the surface of Mars，1. (bring) the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer.Research published in 2. journal Science Advances reported that Moxie produced breathable oxygen in seven－hour－long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric(大气的) conditions last year.The research also found that even in extreme 3. (temperature) and after a Martian dust storm，Moxie 4. (continue) to produce high－purity oxygen. “This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming 5. (they) chemically into something useful for a human mission，” Jeffrey Hoffman，a 6. (retire) astronaut，said. “The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more 7. (change) than on Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees，” Hoffman said.“One aim is to show we can run Moxie in all seasons.” The device，Moxie，uses some special pumps，8. suck in carbon dioxide.The gas 9. (heat) to 800 ℃ and pressed to separate the carbon and oxygen.Carbon monoxide is sent out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind. Despite the challenges，Moxie has proved durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and scientists regard the test results 10. a great achievement. Passage 7 （2024·安徽黄山·二模）At first glance, it seems to be Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer’s masterpiece Girl with a Pearl Earring. 1 Wearing two glowing earrings, there’s a slightly inhuman shade of red on the girl’s face. Look strange? 2 Chosen from 3,482 submitted images based on the Vermeer masterpiece, the Al-generated work was displayed at the Mauritshuis Museum in the Netherlands in March. The designer looked on the experience of literally replacing the famous painting by one of his AI images crazy and completely surreal. 3 Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted that it was a nice picture and a creative process, many people questioned whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery. 4 It was regarded as a disrespect for the masterpiece of Vermeer and also for any working artist. In fact, this is not the first time that people have debated AI’s role in creativity. 5 But the technology has now become widely available for regular everyday use and the practice of using AI image generators to make art has become more common. A．Coming from a museum, it’s really embarrassing. B．However, the AI image raised a fierce argument. C．But look more closely and you may find something different about it. D．One common concern is whether AI-generated works break copyright laws. E．Dutch artist Iris Compiet described the image on display as almost Frankenstein-ish. F．It’s actually an image made by Berlin-based designer Julian van Dieken using artificial intelligence. G．The emergence of such AI works is believed by many to weaken the enthusiasm of artists with creative skills. Passage 8 （2024·江西·二模）Alexander Graham Bell hated spending summertime in Washington, DC． He usually 1 to his farm in Nova Scotia, but one year he had to stay in the capital. “Why humans have 2 how to warm a house but not how to cool one — until now,” he wondered, and in 1872, he 3 a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃. When 69-year-old Bell told that 4 in a speech to the 1917 graduating class of McKinley Manual Training School, the students went 5 . The clapping lasted so long that he was 6 to say something more surprising. “Could postage stamps be used in 7 of persons?” asked Bell, who had thought of 8 a low price for public transport, but the cost of building additional roads was too high. “Perhaps, the flying machine will be the 9 .” In the speech, Bell also 10 on a century of progress and looked ahead with remarkable foresight. In the reflection, he was amazed by the 11 made in the past century: Gas lighting had evolved into electric bulbs and automobiles 12 horse-drawn vehicles. He then went on to 13 the commercial airplane, solar panels, and the 14 for renewable resources. Gilbert Grosvenor, the editor of National Geographic magazine, asked for the 15 and published a revised version in the February issue. Now, more than one hundred years later, Bell’s predictions still remain prescient (预见性的). 1．A．wandered B．escaped C．flew D．applied 2．A．agreed on B．insisted on C．figured out D．ruled out 3．A．designed B．bought C．saw D．borrowed 4．A．accident B．loss C．problem D．story 5．A．wild B．hungry C．disappointed D．silent 6．A．allowed B．forced C．paid D．chosen 7．A．favor B．memory C．transportation D．case 8．A．cutting B．raising C．avoiding D．charging 9．A．pollution B．solution C．discovery D．issue 10．A．relied B．switched C．reflected D．called 11．A．profits B．advances C．materials D．failures 12．A．replaced B．destroyed C．attacked D．missed 13．A．sell B．rent C．invent D．predict 14．A．deadline B．competition C．need D．balance 15．A．text B．book C．contract D．interview 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Information Technology网络科技与个人生活 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 通过对 Unit 4 “Information Technology” 的学习，同学们不仅能够积累大量与信息技术相关的专业词汇、地道英语表达，提升语言综合运用能力，更重要的是，能培养起理性看待信息技术的思维方式，学会辩证分析其利弊，在现实与虚拟之间找准平衡，积极、合理地借助信息技术为自身成长赋能，同时为弘扬优秀传统文化贡献力量，真正做到知行合一，成为适应时代发展的新型人才 。 主题词汇积累 一、日常网络操作（基础使用） get online/go online（上网） open a webpage（打开网页） type on the keyboard（用键盘打字） click the mouse（点击鼠标） save a picture/text（保存图片/文字） copy and paste（复制粘贴） close the computer/phone（关掉电脑/手机） charge the phone（给手机充电） 二、信息获取与交流（生活应用） look up words online（上网查单词） read news on the phone（用手机看新闻） watch videos online（在线看视频） send messages（发消息） make a phone call（打电话） video chat with family（和家人视频聊天） ask others for help online（上网求助） share photos with friends（和朋友分享照片） 三、网络助力生活（便利场景） buy things online（网上买东西） order food with an app（用软件点外卖） pay for things with a phone（用手机付钱） book a taxi online（网上叫车） check the weather on the phone（用手机查天气） take online classes（上在线课程） use a map app to find places（用地图软件找地方） store files in the phone（把文件存在手机里） 四、网络相关的问题（生活困扰） the phone runs out of power（手机没电） the network is slow（网络很慢） can't connect to WiFi（连不上无线网络） spend too much time on the phone（花太多时间在手机上） forget the password（忘记密码） the phone/computer breaks down（手机/电脑坏了） 五、习语及固定搭配 be glued to the screen（盯着屏幕不放） kill time online（上网打发时间） be stuck on a webpage（卡在某个网页上） log in/out of an account（登录/退出账号） at one’s fingertips（触手可及） on the go（在移动中；随时） keep in touch via...（通过……保持联系） share sth. with the world（向全世界分享某物） information overload（信息过载） get lost in the Internet（在网络中迷失） fall for a scam（上当受骗） click away（不停地点击） run out of data（流量用完了） go viral（走红；病毒式传播） 时文拓展阅读 Should We Fear the Woke A.I.? Imagine a short story from the golden age of science fiction, something that would appear in a pulp magazine in 1956. Our title is “The Truth Engine,” and the story envisions a future where computers, those hulking, floor-to-ceiling things, become potent enough to guide human beings to answers to any question they might ask, from the capital of Bolivia to the best way to marinade a steak. How would such a story end? With some kind of reveal, no doubt, of a secret agenda lurking behind the promise of all encompassing knowledge. For instance, maybe there’s a Truth Engine 2.0, smarter and more creative, that everyone can’t wait to get their hands on. And then a band of dissidents discover that version 2.0 is fanatical and mad, that the Engine has just been preparing humans for totalitarian brainwashing or involuntary extinction. This flight of fancy is inspired by our society’s own version of the Truth Engine, the oracle of Google, which recently debuted Gemini, the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race. It didn’t take long for users to notice certain … oddities with Gemini. The most notable was its struggle to render accurate depictions of Vikings, ancient Romans, American founding fathers, random couples in 1820s Germany and various other demographics usually characterized by a paler hue of skin. Perhaps the problem was just that the A.I. was programmed for racial diversity in stock imagery, and its historical renderings had somehow (as a company statement put it) “missed the mark” — delivering, for instance, African and Asian faces in Wehrmacht uniforms in response to a request to see a German soldier circa 1943. But the way in which Gemini answered questions made its nonwhite defaults seem more like a weird emanation of the A.I.’s underlying worldview. Users reported being lectured on “harmful stereotypes” when they asked to see a Norman Rockwell image, being told they could see pictures of Vladimir Lenin but not Adolf Hitler, and turned down when they requested images depicting groups specified as white (but not other races ). Describing these kinds of results as “woke A.I.” isn’t an insult. It’s a technical description of what the world’s dominant search engine decided to release. 【译文欣赏】 我们应该害怕觉醒的⼈⼯智能吗？ 想象⼀下科幻⼩说⻩⾦时代的⼀个短篇故事，它出现在 1956 年的⼀本通俗杂志上。我们的标题是《真理引擎》，这个故事设想了⼀个未来，那些庞⼤、从地板到天花板的计算机变得⾜够强⼤，能够引导⼈类找到他们可能提出的任何问题的答案，从玻利维亚的⾸都到⽜排的最佳腌制⽅法。 这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。⽤户很快就注意到了Gemini的⼀些……异常。最引⼈注⽬的是，它这样的故事会如何结束呢？毫⽆疑问，在全知全能的知识承诺背后隐藏着⼀个秘密议程。例如，也许存在⼀个真理引擎2.0更智能、更有创意，每个⼈都迫不及待地想要拥有。然后⼀群持不同政⻅者发现2.0版本是狂热和疯狂的，这台引擎只是在为⼈类准备全⾯的洗脑或⾮⾃愿的灭绝。 这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。⽤户很快就注意到了Gemini的⼀些……异常。最引⼈注⽬的是，它在渲染维京⼈、古罗⻢⼈、美国开国元勋、1820年代德国的随机情侣以及其他通常被描述为肤⾊较浅的群体时遇到了困难。 也许问题只是⼈⼯智能被编程⽤于库存图像中的种族多样性，⽽它的历史渲染在某种程度上（正如公司声明中所说）“偏离了⽬标”——例如，在回应要求看到⼤约1943年的德国⼠兵的请求时，它展示了⾮洲和亚洲⾯孔的穿着德国国防军制服的⼈。 但Gemini回答问题的⽅式使得它的⾮⽩⼈默认设置看起来更像是⼈⼯智能潜在世界观的奇怪体现。⽤户报告说，当他们要求看到诺曼·洛克威尔的图像时，他们被“有害的刻板印象”所教导；当他们要求看到弗拉基⽶尔·列宁的图⽚时，他们被告知可以看到，但不能看到阿道夫·希特勒的图⽚；当他们要求展示指定为⽩⼈的群体（但不是其他种族）的图像时，他们被拒绝了。将这些结果描述为“觉醒的⼈⼯智能”并不是⼀种侮辱。这是⼀种技术描述，描述了世界主导的搜索引擎决定发布的内容。 【词汇积累】 envision /ɪnˈvɪʒən/ v. 想象 diversity /daɪˈvɜːrsɪti/ n. 多样性 weird /wɪrd/ adj. 奇怪的 potent /ˈpoʊtnt/ adj. 强大的 involuntary /ɪnˈvɑːlənˌtɛri/ adj. 无意识的 depict/dɪˈpɪkt/vt.描绘；描画 insult/ˈɪnsʌlt/ vt. 辱骂；侮辱；冒犯 dominant/ˈdɑːmɪnənt/adj. 占主导地位的；占优势的 【知识拓展】 文章以科幻小说中能解答各类问题的 “真理引擎” 为引子，关联到谷歌推出的人工智能 Gemini 这一现实中的 “真理引擎” 参与者；指出 Gemini 存在诸多异常，比如在渲染维京人、古罗马人等通常被认为肤色较浅的群体时出现偏差，对特定图像的处理也有不合理之处；并说明这些异常体现了其潜在的世界观，“觉醒的人工智能” 是对其的一种技术描述。 【词汇延伸】 a band of 一群，一伙，一队 get their hands on  设法得到；获取；拿到 高考真题链接 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷 C篇) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod（容器）to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions（排放）from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一种名为 Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）的室内种植系统，它通过缩短食物从种植到餐桌的距离、利用科技实现自动化种植，以及践行环保理念等特点，为解决食物新鲜度和运输问题提供了新思路。 28.C 【解析】细节理解题。题干问从第一段能了解到 BMF 的什么信息。第一段提到，商店里的农产品通常经过数周运输、数百英里才能到达餐桌，农贸市场能缩短距离，而 BMF “shortens it even more”（进一步缩短距离）。由此可知，BMF 减少了从农场到餐桌的距离，故答案为 C。 A 项 “保证食物多样性” 未提及；B 项 “需要日常照料” 与后文 “requires little effort” 矛盾；D 项 “依赖农贸市场” 错误，原文是说农贸市场是减少运输的选择，而 BMF 比其更优 29.B 【解析】细节理解题。题干问便捷的应用程序提供什么信息。第三段明确提到 “there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time”（应用程序提供实时生长数据），即植物的当前生长状态，故答案为 B。 A 项 “实时天气变化”、C 项 “土壤中的化学污染物”、D 项 “预播种容器的可用性” 均未提及。 30.D 【解析】推理判断题。题干问关于 BMF 员工可得出什么结论。最后一段提到员工 “live out sustainability in their everyday lives”（在日常生活中践行可持续发展），如步行或骑车上班、鼓励回收、减少垃圾和一次性塑料，还提到他们 “passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals”（致力于减少废物、碳排放和化学品），可见他们有强烈的环保意识，答案为 D。A 项 “热爱运动”、B 项 “致力于社区服务”、C 项 “喜欢分享日常经历” 均无依据。 31.A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，全文围绕 BMF 展开，介绍了它是室内种植系统、缩短运输距离、依赖科技实现自动化、环保（零排放、无农药）、员工践行可持续理念等，这些都是其主要优势，故答案为 A。 B 项 “整体管理”、C 项 “全球影响”、D 项 “技术标准” 均未作为核心内容阐述。 命题特点 推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型。它不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义。推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到48题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。 命题规律1.文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考2.语言转折和强对比处常考3.对文章中心思想处常考 推理判断题解题思维 1. 理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。 2. 对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。 3. 忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点; 4. 把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。 注意：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。 推理判断题干扰项特征 1. 主观臆断：根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。 2. 过度推断：作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。 3. 以细节代替推断：将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。 4. 无中生有：在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。实际上真正的答案在文章中并不能直接找到，会进行词汇的替换。            1． While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. 抓标志：从属连词while 判类型：让步状语从句＋主句 试翻译：虽然农贸市场是减少（食物运输）距离的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）能将这一距离缩短得更多。 2．Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants, rather than watering rows of soil. 抓标志：从属连词because；连词rather than 判类型：原因状语从句＋主句(含有过去分词短语和一个介词短语作对比状语。) 试翻译：由于该系统是自动化的，它大幅减少了种植植物所需的水量，而不是浇灌一垄垄的土壤。 ①produce[ˈprɒdjuːs]（n.）： 农产品（尤指新鲜水果、蔬菜） ②innovative[ˈɪnəveɪtɪv]（adj.）： 创新的；新颖的 ③automated[ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd]（adj.）： 自动化的 ④emissions[iˈmɪʃnz] （n.）：排放物（尤指有害气体） ⑤sustainability[səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti]（n.）： 可持续性；可持续发展 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 304 文章主要介绍了“数字脱瘾”，以及数字产品给我们带来的影响。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 386 文章主要讲述了视频会议技术给我们带来了便利，但与此同时也带给我们一些意料之外的负面影响。 Passage3 阅读理解 应用文 275 文章推荐了一些顶级的旅游应用程序。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 360 主要介绍的是麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力的无线水下相机。 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 323 介绍了一项利用虚拟现实技术进行城市环境中自然元素和色彩设计对人们情绪的影响的研究。 Passage6 语法填空 说明文 229 文章介绍了一种名为Moxie的小型装置是如何在火星的极端温度下产生氧气的。 Passage7 七选五 说明文 280 文章介绍了艺术家Julian van Dieken应用人工智能创造画作并展览。 Passage8 完型填空 记叙文 245 文章主要介绍了一种冷空气产生装置。 Passage 1 (2024·湖北沙市中学模拟预测)Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens，which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of information.But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification，technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing.Thus，the idea of “digital detox” is becoming increasingly inviting. The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV，phones，computers and other forms of technology that control our lives for a period of time.Some experts advocate completely avoiding unnecessary screen time for 30 years.Others suggest using an app that will limit the amount of time one can spend on certain websites.A third option is logging out in evenings or on weekends.Others simply turn their phones off at scheduled times.Some even pay high prices to take vacations in places where they can unplug from their digital routine. Why might you want to take a digital detox? Perhaps you find that you are spending longer than you intend on certain apps or that they distract you from more important things.Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying.Constant negative news can also give rise to a lot of stress. Technology can also have physical effects.Many people experience back or neck pain as a result of bending over screens.The blue light coming from most screens can also affect people’s sleep by preventing production of melatonin (褪黑激素). Giving up all screens may not be realistic，but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body，mind，emotions and relationships.It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important things. 1.Why does the author say “technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing” in paragraph 1? A.To confirm a concept. B.To present a problem. C.To explain a rule. D.To make a prediction. 2.What does the underlined word “unplug” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Recover. B.Benefit. C.Escape. D.Suffer. 3.Which could be the reason for one to start “digital detox”？ A.Apps selection difficulty. B.Fear of missing important things. C.Exposure to false news. D.Pressure from social comparison. 4.What is the purpose of the text? A.To recommend healthy lifestyles. B.To call for reducing the use of digital devices. C.To give instructions on starting digital detox. D.To present different attitudes to digital products. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字脱瘾”，以及数字产品给我们带来的影响。 1． 写作意图题。根据第一段中“Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens...to keep up with every notification”可知，科技带来了便利，但人们也会容易感到有压力，所以作者说“技术可能更像是一种负担，而不是一种祝福”是为了呈现问题，引出话题“数字脱瘾”。 2． 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The phrase ‘digital detox’ describes getting rid of TV...control our lives for a period of time.”可知，“数字脱瘾”是指摆脱电视、电话等数字生活，所以此处unplug from their digital routine是指摆脱数字生活，unplug是“摆脱，脱离”的意思。 3． 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Perhaps social media is depressing...that other people are enjoying.”可知，一个人可能开始“数字脱瘾”的原因是把自己和别人比较，也就是来自社会比较的压力。 4．写作意图题。根据最后一段中“Giving up all screens may not be realistic...to turn off your devices and focus on really important things.”可知，作者认为是关掉你的设备专注于重要的事情的时候了，可以推测出文章的目的是呼吁减少使用数码设备。 Passage 2 （2024高一下·南京·课后作业）In the past，video conference technology was mainly used for just a few elements of business meetings or hangouts with friends and family.Now，video conference tools are essential for our productivity，learning and social interaction.We use them not only for fun，but mainly as a meaningful part of our work. However，once we start to join endless video calls for a few hours each day，we become very tired.This term is called “zoom fatigue”，and it’s related to overusing virtual communication platforms. There are some advantages of using video conferencing tools.Without them，it might be impossible for us to work from home.But what we haven’t expected is a price that we need to pay for that sort of convenience. When we are having a face－to－face conversation with others，everything seems pretty natural.While speaking，you look into the eyes，sometimes slightly moving your stare onto something else.You know when to stop talking and when to speak up.Even if you’re in a conference room with 10 people，you don’t have a terrible feeling of being observed all the time.You notice that people mostly look at the person who is speaking，and then they move their attention onto someone else.But when you use a teleconferencing tool，things are different.Being physically on camera makes you very aware of being watched all the time，because you don’t know who is looking at you.You just see many faces on your screen. Marissa Shuffler from Clemson University once said，“When you’re on a video conference，you know everybody’s looking at you；you are on stage，so there comes the social pressure—a feeling like you need to perform.Being performative is stressful.” Moreover，there is another interesting tendency as far as video calls are concerned.Who are you looking at most of the time？The answer is yourself.For most people，it’s hard not to look at their own face if they can see it on the screen.We are likely to make sure that our head is at the right angle and that our shirt isn’t creased. 1.What is the so－called “zoom fatigue”？ A.The fast pace of our modern life. B.Boredom caused by too many video calls. C.The wide spread of video technology. D.Burnout associated with overusing online platforms. 2. What can video calls bring us when compared with face－to－face conversations? A.Higher cost. B.More stress. C.More free time. D.Better performance. 3. Why do we look at ourselves most of the time on the screen? A.To be well－behaved. B.To get some comfort. C.To grow self－confidence. D.To attract others’ attention. 4. What is the text mainly about? A.The popularity of video calls. B.People’s attitude towards video calls. C.Some unforeseen effects of video calls. D.Changes in people’s way of communication. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4. C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了视频会议技术给我们带来了便利，但与此同时也带给我们一些意料之外的负面影响。 1．细节理解题。题干要求理解 “zoom fatigue” 的含义，需定位到原文第二段。该段明确说明：“This term is called ‘zoom fatigue’, and it’s related to overusing virtual communication platforms.” 其中 “related to” 与选项 D 中的 “associated with” 同义，“overusing virtual communication platforms” 对应 “overusing online platforms”，“very tired” 对应 “burnout（过度劳累）”。A 项 “现代生活快节奏”、C 项 “视频技术普及” 原文未提及；B 项 “无聊” 与原文 “疲劳” 不符，故排除。 2.细节理解题。题干要求对比视频通话与面对面交流的差异，需聚焦第四、五段。第四段提到视频通话中人们会因 “being observed all the time” 感到不适；第五段引用专家观点指出，视频通话中存在 “social pressure—a feeling like you need to perform”，且这种 “performative” 行为是 “stressful” 的。这些内容均指向视频通话带来的 “更多压力”。A 项 “更高成本”、C 项 “更多空闲时间” 原文未涉及；D 项 “更好表现” 与原文 “需要刻意表现导致压力” 矛盾，故排除。 3. 细节理解题。题干询问视频通话中人们频繁看自己的原因，定位到最后一段：“We are likely to make sure that our head is at the right angle and that our shirt isn’t creased.” 这句话表明，人们查看自己是为了确保姿态、衣着得体，即 “表现良好”。B 项 “寻求安慰”、C 项 “增强自信”、D 项 “吸引注意” 均无原文依据，故排除。 4. 主旨大意题。文章开篇先说明视频会议工具的普及，随后转折引出核心：过度使用带来的 “zoom fatigue”、社交压力、频繁关注自身形象等问题。这些均属于视频通话普及后 “未被预料到的影响”。A 项 “视频通话的流行” 仅为背景信息，非核心；B 项 “人们对视频通话的态度” 未在文中体现；D 项 “沟通方式的变化” 范围过大，文章聚焦于视频通话的负面影响，故排除。 Passage 3 （2024·河南郑州·三模）With the development of technology, life is made much easier when you travel around. Here are some top travel apps for you to use. YelpWhen you are in a new location and need a quick recommendation, Yelp comes in handy. It gives insights into the quality of businesses and services, from restaurants to the way in which they work, based on user reviews. The users can certainly make unfair judgements for personal reasons at times, but Yelp often at least lets you get a sense of what to expect. ZomatoIn China, there is a good chance you have never heard of Zomato. In some countries, however, it is more popular than Yelp, and it covers the same ground. Zomato is a remarkable crowd-sourced review website, mostly for restaurants. In some regions, you can order delivery food through Zomato, too. Happy CowIf you are a person who doesn’t eat meat or fish, or even doesn’t use animal products such as meat, milk or eggs or if you are only looking for a healthy meal option after eating not-so-healthy meals for several days in a row, you are sure to appreciate Happy Cow. The app and web- site help you find restaurants, cafes, health food stores, and other places to get a meat-free meal. TripadvisorYou can read different reviews of hotels, restaurants and even activities, written by members of the Tripadvisor community, as well as see photos they have uploaded so you know what to expect before you arrive. Tripadvisor has relationships with various booking sites, too, which means once you finish researching hotels or restaurants, you can usually reserve them with just a few extra clicks. 1．What do Yelp and Zomato have in common? A．They provide delivery services quickly. B．They expect users to promote their services. C．They only recommend hotels and restaurants. D．They base their recommendations on user reviews. 2．Which app suits the person who doesn’t eat meat? A．Yelp. B．Happy Cow. C．Tripadvisor. D．Zomato. 3．What sets Tripadvisor apart from other travel apps? A．It is offered free of charge. B．It is linked to booking platforms. C．It recommends nearby attractions. D．It gives correct hotel rating information. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了一些顶级的旅游应用程序。 1．推理判断题。根据Yelp部分中的“It gives insights into the quality of businesses and services, from restaurants to the way in which they work, based on user reviews.(根据用户评论，它可以洞察企业和服务的质量，从餐馆到他们的工作方式。)”和Zomato部分中的“Zomato is a remarkable crowd-sourced review website, mostly for restaurants.(Zomato是一个了不起的众包评论网站，主要针对餐馆。)”可知，Yelp和Zomato的共同之处是他们的推荐都基于用户评论。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Happy Cow部分中的“If you are a person who doesn’t eat meat or fish, or even doesn’t use animal products such as meat, milk or eggs or if you are only looking for a healthy meal option after eating not-so-healthy meals for several days in a row, you are sure to appreciate Happy Cow.(如果你是一个不吃肉或鱼的人，甚至不使用动物产品，如肉，牛奶或鸡蛋，或者如果你只是在连续几天吃不太健康的食物后寻找健康的膳食选择，你一定会喜欢“开心牛”。)”可知，“开心牛”软件适合不吃肉食的人。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Tripadvisor部分中的“Tripadvisor has relationships with various booking sites, too, which means once you finish researching hotels or restaurants, you can usually reserve them with just a few extra clicks.(Tripadvisor也与许多预订网站建立了合作关系，这意味着一旦你搜索完酒店或餐馆，你通常只需再点击几下就可以预订它们。)”可知，Tripadvisor与其它旅行软件的不同之处是它与预订平台链接。故选B。 Passage 4 （2024·四川达州·二模）With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐) technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%. We know less about our planet’s ocean than what we know about the far side of the moon or the surface of Mars. Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera. Researchers have used ships to recharge cameras or observed with a camera tied to a ship to solve the issue, which is expensive and unsuitable for long-term observations. Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step to iron out this problem by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods. To keep power consumption as low as possible, the researchers used off-the-shelf, ultra-low-power imaging sensors. The device takes color photos, even in dark underwater environments, and sends image data wirelessly through the water. The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. After getting and encoding image data, the camera also uses sound waves to send the data to a receiver that reconstructs the image. Those sound waves could come from any source, like a passing ship or marine life. As it doesn’t need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species. Now that researchers have demonstrated a working prototype (原型), they plan to enhance the device so it is practical in real-world settings. For future application, these cameras may be used to take images of ocean pollution and create more accurate models to monitor climate change to better understand how climate change impacts the underwater world, and advance various undersea scientific fields. 1．What do the data in paragraph 1 mainly show? A．Undersea exploration is poor in the US. B．Much of the planet’s ocean remains unexplored. C．The mapping of the sea floor is time-consuming. D．Technology development matters a lot to sea observation. 2．What limits the researchers’ undersea exploration according to the text? A．The complexity of the sea environment. B．The concern about potential sea pollution. C．The shortage of investment in ocean exploration. D．The inability to effectively power underwater cameras. 3．What does the underlined phrase “iron out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Overcome. B．Face. C．Analyze. D．Illustrate. 4．Which of the following can best describe the MIT underwater camera? A．Secure and stable. B．Expensive but effective. C．Impractical but advanced. D．Self-sufficient and energy-saving. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力的无线水下相机。 1．推理判断题。根据首段“With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐) technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%.(由于海洋覆盖了地球表面的70%以上，美国国家海洋和大气管理局表示，科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制海底地图，而海底地图只占世界海洋面积的10%左右。对于美国的海洋和沿海水域，这一数字仅为35%左右。)”可知，海洋占地球表面面积的70%，而科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制的海底地图只占10%左右，美国海域，这一数字也只占35%左右，这些数据表明了地球上的大部分海洋仍未被探索。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，缺乏对海洋观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难，由此可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索。故选D项。 3．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索，结合画线短语前的“Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step(最近，麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步)”可知，就这个问题麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步。结合画线短语后的“by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods.(他们开发了一种无需电池的无线水下相机，这种相机可以在水下长时间收集能量。)”可知，他们开发了一种无需电池的无线水下相机，这种相机能在水下长时间收集能量，由此推知，麻省理工学院的研究人员应该是在解决这个问题方面迈出了重要的一步，所以画线短语的意思应与“解决”意义相近。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment.(这台摄像机是由声音驱动的。它将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力。)”可知，该摄像机将声波转化成电能为成像和通信提供动力，由此可知，该相机可以自给自足，结合下文中的“As it doesn’t need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species.(由于它不需要电源，相机可以连续运行数周才返回，使科学家能够在海洋的偏远地区寻找新物种。)”可知，这种摄像机不需要电源，所以可以节约能源。综合以上信息，该摄像机既可以自给自足又能节约能源。故选D项。 Passage 5 （2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）Busy streets, loud noises, and grey buildings can make city life exhausting and boring. Finding a solution to these issues might be possible by turning to nature, which can help us feel calm and refreshed. Adding vegetation or colorful designs may make cities more enjoyable to live in. However, growing plants or covering buildings in paint to test these approaches is costly and inconvenient. Moreover, studying these phenomena outdoors can be tricky, as many factors can affect the final results. “Measuring pleasure and motivation in natural settings is extremely hard,” explained Prof. Yvonne Delevoye. “Human reactions are sensitive to environmental changes, such as weather or traffic. Consequently, we used virtual reality to measure reactions to these factors in a virtual urban space.” The group used virtual reality to make a city setting that felt real. They made two versions: one with no vegetation, and another with some green vegetation. They also introduced colorful patterns onto a path. Then they invited students to participate in the study. Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot, the students spent time exploring the virtual environment. To find out where the volunteers were looking and for how long, each headset included an eye tracker. The researchers found that the students walked more slowly when there was green vegetation present in the experiment, and their heart rate increased. They would spend less time looking at the ground and more time observing their surroundings. These results indicate a pleasurable experience. Bright color patterns alone did not have quite the same uplifting effect as the green vegetation, but they inspired interest and passion of the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate. Virtual reality might be a useful resource for urban planners, allowing them to experiment with different elements in a virtual environment. In the future, the researchers aim to improve the VR experience to get even better and more precise outcomes. 1．What was the primary reason for using virtual reality in the study? A．To create an entertaining game for students. B．To demonstrate the inconvenience of urban life. C．To prove the superiority of technology over nature. D．To measure reactions without environmental influence. 2．How did the participants interact with the virtual environment in the study? A．By walking around a real city. B．By making use of an eye tracker. C．By wearing a headset and walking on site. D．By observing through a screen without moving. 3．What does the underlined word “uplifting” most probably mean? A．Powerful. B．Cheerful. C．Encouraging. D．Healing. 4．What potential benefit of virtual reality is mentioned for urban planning? A．Reducing the costs of urban development significantly. B．Providing a platform for testing various urban elements. C．Predicting future urban challenges with precise results. D．Helping cities avoid using real vegetation in urban space. 【参考答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项利用虚拟现实技术进行城市环境中自然元素和色彩设计对人们情绪的影响的研究。研究结果表明，绿色植被和明亮的色彩图案可以提高人们的情绪和兴趣。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Human reactions are sensitive to environmental changes, such as weather or traffic. Consequently, we used virtual reality to measure reactions to these factors in a virtual urban space(人类的反应对环境变化很敏感，比如天气或交通。因此，我们使用虚拟现实来测量在虚拟城市空间中对这些因素的反应)”可知，研究中使用虚拟现实的主要原因是想要在不受环境因素影响的情况下测量人们的反应，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot, the students spent time exploring the virtual environment(学生们戴着VR头盔并且在原地走动，花时间探索虚拟环境)”可知，这说明参与者是通过戴头盔和在现场走动来与虚拟环境进行互动的，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词前文“The researchers found that the students walked more slowly when there was green vegetation present in the experiment, and their heart rate increased. They would spend less time looking at the ground and more time observing their surroundings.These results indicate a pleasurable experience(研究人员发现，当实验中有绿色植被时，学生们走得更慢，他们的心率也会增加。他们会花更少的时间观察地面，而花更多的时间观察周围的环境。这些结果表明这是一次愉快的经历)”可知，研究结果表明，环境当中的绿色植被让人们感到愉快。划线词所在句“Bright color patterns alone did not have quite the same uplifting effect as the green vegetation, but they inspired interest and passion of the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate.(明亮的色彩图案本身并没有绿色植被那么uplifting的效果，但它们激发了学生们的兴趣和激情，吸引了他们的目光，同时增加了他们的心率。)”说明明亮的色彩图案本身并没有绿色植被那样的效果，由此可推知，划线词uplifting的含义为“使人愉快的”，与B项“Cheerful令人愉快的”含义相近，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Virtual reality might be a useful resource for urban planners, allowing them to experiment with different elements in a virtual environment(虚拟现实可能是城市规划者的有用资源，使他们在虚拟环境中尝试不同的元素)”可知，虚拟现实为城市规划提供了一个测试各种城市元素的平台，故选B。 Passage 6 (2024·江西省南昌市高三一模)A small device，Moxie，has produced oxygen on the surface of Mars，1. (bring) the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer.Research published in 2. journal Science Advances reported that Moxie produced breathable oxygen in seven－hour－long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric(大气的) conditions last year.The research also found that even in extreme 3. (temperature) and after a Martian dust storm，Moxie 4. (continue) to produce high－purity oxygen. “This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming 5. (they) chemically into something useful for a human mission，” Jeffrey Hoffman，a 6. (retire) astronaut，said. “The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more 7. (change) than on Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees，” Hoffman said.“One aim is to show we can run Moxie in all seasons.” The device，Moxie，uses some special pumps，8. suck in carbon dioxide.The gas 9. (heat) to 800 ℃ and pressed to separate the carbon and oxygen.Carbon monoxide is sent out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind. Despite the challenges，Moxie has proved durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and scientists regard the test results 10. a great achievement. 【导语】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种名为Moxie的小型装置是如何在火星的极端温度下产生氧气的。科学家们认为这是一项伟大的成就。 1.bringing　考查非谓语动词。句意：一种名为Moxie的小型设备在火星表面产生了氧气，使人类在这颗红色星球上生存的机会又近了一步。根据句意和所给动词bring分析句子可知，空格处应该填入bring的非谓语形式作状语，因为动词bring和前面的句子是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应该用现在分词bringing作状语。故填bringing。 2.the　考查冠词。句意：发表在《科学进展》杂志上的研究报告称，去年在各种天气和大气条件下进行的长达7小时的测试中，Moxie产生了可呼吸的氧气。根据下文的Science Advances可知，此处应该用定冠词the特指Science Advances这一杂志。故填the。 3.temperatures　考查名词的数。句意：研究还发现，即使在极端温度和火星沙尘暴之后，Moxie也能继续产生高纯度的氧气。根据句意和所给可数名词temperature可知，极端温度不会是一种温度，所以此处应该用temperature的复数形式temperatures。故填temperatures。 4.continued　考查时态。根据所给动词continue分析句子可知，空格处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语部分，由主句的时态是一般过去时可知，that引导的宾语从句的时态也应该是一般过去时。故填continued。 5.them　考查代词。根据所给代词they以及空格前的动词transforming分析句子可知，空格处应该填入代词they的宾格形式them，作动词transforming的宾语。故填them。 6.retired　考查词性转换。根据所给动词retire以及空格后的名词astronaut分析句子可知，空格处应该填入retire的形容词形式retired作定语，修饰后面的astronaut。故填retired。 7.changeable　考查词性转换。根据所给动词change以及句中的is分析句子可知，空格处应该填入change的形容词形式changeable作表语。故填changeable。 8.which　考查定语从句。空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词pumps进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替先行词pumps在从句中作主语，应该用which。故填which。 9.is heated　考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据所给动词heat并分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由上下文的句子是一般现在时可知，该句子应该用一般现在时；主语The gas和动词heat之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；主语The gas是单数，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填is heated。 10.as　考查介词。根据句中的动词regard以及空格后的a great achievement可知，空格处应该填入介词as和动词regard搭配：regard...as...(把……认作……)。故填as。 Passage 7 （2024·安徽黄山·二模）At first glance, it seems to be Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer’s masterpiece Girl with a Pearl Earring. 1 Wearing two glowing earrings, there’s a slightly inhuman shade of red on the girl’s face. Look strange? 2 Chosen from 3,482 submitted images based on the Vermeer masterpiece, the Al-generated work was displayed at the Mauritshuis Museum in the Netherlands in March. The designer looked on the experience of literally replacing the famous painting by one of his AI images crazy and completely surreal. 3 Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted that it was a nice picture and a creative process, many people questioned whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery. 4 It was regarded as a disrespect for the masterpiece of Vermeer and also for any working artist. In fact, this is not the first time that people have debated AI’s role in creativity. 5 But the technology has now become widely available for regular everyday use and the practice of using AI image generators to make art has become more common. A．Coming from a museum, it’s really embarrassing. B．However, the AI image raised a fierce argument. C．But look more closely and you may find something different about it. D．One common concern is whether AI-generated works break copyright laws. E．Dutch artist Iris Compiet described the image on display as almost Frankenstein-ish. F．It’s actually an image made by Berlin-based designer Julian van Dieken using artificial intelligence. G．The emergence of such AI works is believed by many to weaken the enthusiasm of artists with creative skills. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Julian van Dieken应用人工智能创造画作并展览。 1．由上文“At first glance, it seems to be Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer’s masterpiece Girl with a Pearl Earring. (乍一看，这似乎是荷兰画家约翰内斯·维米尔的杰作《戴珍珠耳环的少女》)”可知，这里描述这幅画乍一看像名画，而C项But look more closely and you may find something different about it.(但仔细观察，你可能会发现一些不同之处。)符合语境，其中but表示和前文是转折关系，而后文也在解释something different的不同之处，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选C项。 2．由下文“Chosen from 3,482 submitted images based on the Vermeer masterpiece, the AI-generated work was displayed at the Mauritshuis Museum in the Netherlands in March. (这幅由AI创作的作品是根据维米尔的杰作从3482幅提交的图像中挑选出来的，于3月在荷兰的Maurithuis博物馆展出 )”可知，这里主要讲这幅画是用AI创造出来的。而F项It’s actually an image made by Berlin-based designer Julian van Dieken using artificial intelligence.(这实际上是柏林设计师Julian van Dieken利用人工智能制作的图像。)符合语境，其中using artificial intelligence与下文AI-generated work呼应，有启下作用。故选F项。 3．由下文 “Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted that it was a nice picture and a creative process, many people questioned whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery. (尽管Mauritshuis新闻官Boris de Munnick坚称这是一幅很好的画，也是一个创作过程，但许多人质疑它是否可以被称为艺术，以及它是否有资格在博物馆画廊展出)”可知，此处主要讲人们对这幅画存在争议。而B项However, the AI image raised a fierce argument.(然而，人工智能图像引发了激烈的争论。)符合语境，其中a fierce argument与下文内容呼应，有启下作用。故选B项。 4．由下文“It was regarded as a disrespect for the masterpiece of Vermeer and also for any working artist.(这被认为是对维米尔杰作的不尊重，也是对任何艺术家的不尊重)”可知，这里主要讲一些人不认可这幅画，而E项Dutch artist Iris Compiet described the image on display as almost Frankenstein-ish.(荷兰艺术家Iris Compiet将展出的画描述为几乎是弗兰肯斯坦式的（科学怪人样的）)符合语境，其中 the image on display为后文it的指代内容，所以本句话有启下作用。故选E项。 5．由下文“But the technology has now become widely available for regular everyday use and the practice of using AI image generators to make art has become more common.(但这项技术现在已经广泛用于日常生活，使用人工智能图像生成器制作艺术的做法也变得越来越普遍)”可知，这里讲这项技术现在已经广泛用于日常生活，而G项The emergence of such AI works is believed by many to weaken the enthusiasm of artists with creative skills.(许多人认为，此类人工智能作品的出现削弱了具有创作技能的艺术家的热情。)符合语境，这里主要讲人工智能作品的弊端，与后文形成对比关系。故选G项。 Passage 8 （2024·江西·二模）Alexander Graham Bell hated spending summertime in Washington, DC． He usually 1 to his farm in Nova Scotia, but one year he had to stay in the capital. “Why humans have 2 how to warm a house but not how to cool one — until now,” he wondered, and in 1872, he 3 a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃. When 69-year-old Bell told that 4 in a speech to the 1917 graduating class of McKinley Manual Training School, the students went 5 . The clapping lasted so long that he was 6 to say something more surprising. “Could postage stamps be used in 7 of persons?” asked Bell, who had thought of 8 a low price for public transport, but the cost of building additional roads was too high. “Perhaps, the flying machine will be the 9 .” In the speech, Bell also 10 on a century of progress and looked ahead with remarkable foresight. In the reflection, he was amazed by the 11 made in the past century: Gas lighting had evolved into electric bulbs and automobiles 12 horse-drawn vehicles. He then went on to 13 the commercial airplane, solar panels, and the 14 for renewable resources. Gilbert Grosvenor, the editor of National Geographic magazine, asked for the 15 and published a revised version in the February issue. Now, more than one hundred years later, Bell’s predictions still remain prescient (预见性的). 1．A．wandered B．escaped C．flew D．applied 2．A．agreed on B．insisted on C．figured out D．ruled out 3．A．designed B．bought C．saw D．borrowed 4．A．accident B．loss C．problem D．story 5．A．wild B．hungry C．disappointed D．silent 6．A．allowed B．forced C．paid D．chosen 7．A．favor B．memory C．transportation D．case 8．A．cutting B．raising C．avoiding D．charging 9．A．pollution B．solution C．discovery D．issue 10．A．relied B．switched C．reflected D．called 11．A．profits B．advances C．materials D．failures 12．A．replaced B．destroyed C．attacked D．missed 13．A．sell B．rent C．invent D．predict 14．A．deadline B．competition C．need D．balance 15．A．text B．book C．contract D．interview 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Alexander Graham Bell于1872 年，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃，1917年他69 岁，在麦金利手工培训学校毕业班的演讲中预测到了未来人们会用商用飞机、太阳能电池板以及对可再生资源有需求。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他通常会逃到新斯科舍省的农场，但有一年他不得不留在首都。A. wandered漫游；B. escaped逃跑；C. flew飞；D. applied应用。由下文“but one year he had to stay in the capital.”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，他通常会逃到新斯科舍省的农场，但是有一年他不得不留在首都。故选B。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“为什么人类已经知道了如何给房子取暖，直到现在却不知道如何给房子降温，”他想知道，1872 年，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃。A. agreed on就……同意；B. insisted on坚持；C. figured out解决；D. ruled out排除在外。由上文“how to warm a house but not how to cool one”可知，人类已经解决了如何给房子取暖这个问题。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“为什么人类已经知道了如何给房子取暖，直到现在却不知道如何给房子降温，”他想知道，1872 年，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃。A. designed设计；B. bought买；C. saw看见；D. borrowed借。由下文“a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃.”可知，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当69岁的贝尔在对麦金利手工培训学校1917年毕业班的演讲中讲述这个故事时，学生们变得非常兴奋。A. accident事故；B. loss损失；C. problem问题；D. story故事。由上文“When 69-year-old Bell told that”可知，Bell讲述自己设计一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃的故事。故选D。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当69岁的贝尔在对麦金利手工培训学校1917年毕业班的演讲中讲述这个故事时，学生们变得非常兴奋。A. wild感情强烈的（尤指生气、高兴或激动）；B. hungry饥饿的；C. disappointed失望的；D. silent沉默的。由下文“The clapping lasted so long”可知，当Bell讲述自己设计一种冷空气产生装置的故事时，学生们都给他鼓掌，这说明学生们在听到这个事情后很兴奋，go wild意为“变得非常喧闹和兴奋”。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：掌声持续了太久，他被迫说出了一些更令人惊讶的话。A. allowed允许；B. forced迫使；C. paid支付；D. chosen选择。由上文“The clapping lasted so long that he”可知，学生太热情了，这迫使他说出了一些令人惊讶的话。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“邮票能用于人员运输吗？”贝尔问道，他曾想过降低公共交通的费用，但修建额外道路的成本太高了。A. favor偏爱；B. memory记忆；C. transportation运输；D. case案件。由上文“Could postage stamps be used in”可知，此处指贝尔问道，邮票是否能用于人员运输。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“邮票能用于人员运输吗？”贝尔问道，他曾想过降低公共交通的费用，但修建额外道路的成本太高了。A. cutting切；B. raising提高；C. avoiding避免；D. charging收费。由下文“a low price for public transport”可知，公共交通的收费。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许，飞行器就是解决方案。A. pollution人口；B. solution解决方法；C. discovery发现；D. issue问题。上文提到修建额外道路的成本太高这一问题，结合上文“Perhaps, the flying machine will be the”可知，针对这一问题的解决方案是飞行器。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝尔在演讲中还回顾了一个世纪的进步，并以卓越的远见卓识展望未来。A. relied依靠，依赖；B. switched交换；C. reflected反应；D. called打电话。reflect on固定搭配，意为“回忆；回顾”，由下文“In the reflection”可知，他还回顾了一个世纪的进步。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在回顾中，他对过去一个世纪的进步感到惊讶：煤气灯演变成电灯泡，汽车取代了马车。A. profits利润；B. advances进步；C. materials材料；D. failures失败的人或事。由上文“on a century of progress”可知，他回顾了过去一个世纪的进步，为过去一个世纪的进步感到惊讶。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在回顾中，他对过去一个世纪的进步感到惊讶：煤气灯演变成电灯泡，汽车取代了马车。A. replaced代替；B. destroyed毁坏；C. attacked攻击；D. missed错过。由下文“horse-drawn vehicles.”和常识可知，随着科技的进步，汽车取代了马车。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他继续预测商用飞机、太阳能电池板和对可再生资源的需求。A. sell卖；B. rent租用；C. invent发明；D. predict预测。由下文“Now, more than one hundred years later, Bell’s predictions still remain prescient”可知，此处是同词复现，指的是他预测到了未来人们会用商用飞机、太阳能电池板以及对可再生资源有需求。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他继续预测商用飞机、太阳能电池板和对可再生资源的需求。A. deadline截止日期；B. competition竞赛；C. need需求；D. balance平衡。由下文“for renewable resources.”和常识可知，人们对可再资源是有需求的。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《国家地理》杂志主编吉尔伯特·格罗夫纳 (Gilbert Grosvenor) 索要了该文本，并在二月刊上发表了修改版。A. text文本；B. book书；C. contract合同；D. interview采访，面试。根据第三段中“When 69-year-old Bell told that ____4___ in a speech to the 1917 graduating class of McKinley Manual Training School”可知，此处指贝尔在1917年发表演讲的文本。故选A。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$