UNIT 4 Section 3 Learning About Language-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册五维课堂同步Word教案（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language [词汇精讲] (教材P40)Rounding the next bend ，he saw the hotel ahead of him. 转过下一个弯，他就看到前方的酒店。 ahead of (时间、空间)在……前面；早于……；领先 ◆[佳句感知] (1)A taxi was a few yards ahead of him when he reached the road. 当他到马路上时，一辆出租车就在他前面几码的地方。 (2)I finished the task several days ahead of the deadline. 我是在最后期限的前几天完成该任务的。 (3)He was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 他总是遥遥领先班上的其他同学。 [归纳拓展]　与ahead相关的其他短语： ahead of time提前(相当于in advance) go ahead 先走；发生；进行；(尤指经某人允许或有人表示怀疑或反对后)开始做，着手干 ◆[即学即练] [判断下列句中ahead of的含义] ①Our kids were ahead of us running as fast as they could to see what their puppy was like.　在……前面　 ②Mary keeps studying hard，and that's why she is ahead of the other classmates.　领先　 ③The manager makes a promise that if we finish the project ahead of schedule，we will get a bonus.　早于　 [用ahead的相关短语完成句子] ④They overcame some difficulties and completed the work 　ahead_of_time　 (提前)，which was something we had not expected. ⑤—May I go out to play basketball，Mum? —　Go_ahead　 (去吧)．Do what you like. [句式精析] (教材P40)They must have spent a pleasant evening together. 他们肯定一起度过了一个愉快的晚上。 [句式分析]　must have done表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测，且把握很大，意为“想必/准是/一定做了……”，仅用于肯定句中。 ◆[佳句感知] (1)The road is wet.It must have rained last night. 路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。 (2)You must have gone to bed late last night.Your eyes are red. 你昨晚准是很晚才睡觉。你的眼睛都布满了血丝。 [归纳拓展]　must表示推测时常用于以下结构： must＋ ①He must be in the classroom.他肯定在教室。 ②Jack must be reading in his room. 杰克肯定在他的房间里读书。 ③He must have forgotten to close the window last night. 昨晚他肯定忘了要关窗了。 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①—I rang your home yesterday.A man answered but I didn't recognize the voice. —Oh，it 　must　 have been my brother，Peter. ②—Is Mr.Smith in? —There isn't any Mr.Smith here.You must 　have_dialed　 (dial)the wrong number. [完成句子] ③哈里感觉不舒服。昨晚在聚会上他肯定喝多了。 Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He 　must_have_drunk　 too much at the party last night. 过去分词作表语、状语 自我探究 总结归纳 1.The next day was clear and mild，and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. 句中pleased为过去分词，在句中作表语 2.Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 句中seen from...为过去分词短语，作状语与主语the mountains构成动宾关系 3.However，they did not anticipate seeing such an open country，and were truly amazed. 句中amazed为过去分词，在句中作表语 4.Standing in the distance，they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake. 句中astonished为过去分词，在句中作表语 一、过去分词作表语 [基本概念] 作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态，强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite，very，rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种，表示不同的意义。被动语态表示动作，强调动宾关系，绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。 [语法精析] (一)过去分词作表语的基本用法 1．过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后。这些系动词有be，remain，feel，seem，look，become等。 *The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。 2．有些过去分词作表语时，已经具有了形容词的性质，最常见的有：amazed，delighted，disappointed，discouraged，amused，astonished，tired，satisfied，pleased，surprised，worried，excited，annoyed，puzzled等。 *We were amazed at the beauty of the lake. 这个湖泊的美使我们感到惊奇。 *She was disappointed at the news. 她对这个消息感到失望。 *He looked puzzled so I repeated the question. 他好像并没听懂，所以我把问题重复了一遍。 3．过去分词作表语与被动语态相似，区别在于过去分词作表语表示的是一种状态或特征，而被动语态表示的是一个被动的动作，且后面常跟by短语。比较下面两组句子： ►[学以致用] ①These kids are so 　absorbed　 (absorb)in their studies that I just sit back. ②We succeed in our field of specialization and then became 　trapped　 (trap)in it. (二)过去分词与动词­ing形式作表语的区别 　英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词­ing形式意为“令人……的”，多用来形容物；其过去分词意为“感到……的”，多用来形容人、人的声音或表情等。这类词常见的有： ►[学以致用] 1．excited/exciting ①I don't really like the author，although I have to admit his books are very 　exciting　 . ②Being the coach of the new team，I was 　excited　 because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated. 2．surprised/surprising ①It's 　surprising　 that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long. ②She was 　surprised　 to find the fridge empty；the children had eaten everything! 3．interested/interesting ①I became 　interested　 (interest)in playing football thanks to a small accident. ②What's particularly 　interesting　 is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet's cause. 二、过去分词作状语 [基本概念] 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在被动关系。有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。 [语法精析] (一)过去分词作状语的功能、种类及位置 1．过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；构成过去分词的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Built thirty years ago，the house looks very beautiful. 这座房子是30年前建造的，它看起来很漂亮。 2．过去分词作状语的种类 类型 例句 时间 状语 When combined with practice，theory becomes easier to learn.当与实践相结合时，理论就变得更容易学 原因 状语 Born in a poor family，he had to work when he was young.由于出身贫寒，他小时候就不得不工作 方式 状语 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son.这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间 伴随 状语 The deer silently crossed the fields，half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings.小鹿静静地穿过田野，在秋日清晨的薄雾中若隐若现 条件 状语 Cleared，this site would make a good playground.这片地方清理出来会成为一个很好的娱乐场所 让步 状语 Even if invited，I won't go. 即使受到邀请，我也不会去 3.过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 *Given health，I can do it. 如果身体健康，我就能做。(条件状语) *He walked slowly in the forest，followed by a dog. 他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。(伴随状语) *Wounded，the brave soldier continued to fight. 尽管受伤了，那位勇敢的战士仍然继续作战。(让步状语) ►[学以致用] ①We've all been there：in a lift，in line at the bank or on an airplane，　surrounded　 (surround)by people who are，like us，deeply focused on their smartphones or，worse，struggling with the uncomfortable silence. ②First 　celebrated　 (celebrate)in 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区)． (二)过去分词与动词­ing形式作状语的区别 语法 逻辑关系 时间概念 过去分词 作状语　 过去分词作状语时，构成过去分词的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，也可以表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在 动词­ing 形式作状 语　 动词­ing形式的一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)作状语时，构成动词­ing形式的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动 动词­ing形式的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；动词­ing形式的完成式(having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 *Seeing from the hill，you will find the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，你会发现这座城市就像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系) *Seen from the hill，the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市就像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系) 分词作状语记忆口诀： 分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用动词­ing，被动用过去分词。 having done表先后，千万要牢记。 ►[学以致用] ①Children，when 　accompanied　 (accompany)by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. ②　Having_spent　 (spend)nearly all our money，we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$