UNIT 3 SECTION 2 LESSON 1-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册五维课堂同步Word教案（北师大版2019）

SECTION Ⅱ　LESSON 1 [教材原文] Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species. And the fifth event, which occurred 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. The reasons for extinctions are varied. According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the “background extinction rate”. They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. (1) There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. (1)本句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；1,000 times faster是倍数的表示方法。 If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive. (2) (2)本句是一个并列句。由and连接两个并列分句，其中without与no构成双重否定。 Can a sixth extinction be avoided? Experts say that it is not yet too late, if we take action now.This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live. (3) For example, we need to take steps to save endangered species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected. We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner, more natural sources of energy, such as wind and solar energy. We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water, air and land pollution. In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it. (3)本句是一个主从复合句。mean后面跟宾语从句；we live为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 The Black Robin Black robins are the birds that humans saved from extinction. In 1980, there were only five black robins left in the world. They all lived on a small island off the coast of New Zealand. Only one of those birds, a female called Old Blue, was able to lay eggs. Wildlife workers began a programme for raising black robin chicks. They protected Old Blue's eggs，helped them to hatch, and took care of the chicks. Thanks to their efforts, there are now more than 250 black robins, and the population is spreading. To help them survive, people are restoring their habitats and removing small animals that hunt them, such as mice and cats from the islands where they live. NOTES—————————————————————————— robin n．知更鸟　habitat n．栖息地 [汉语译文] 物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上，曾经存在的物种中90%以上现在都已经灭绝。在过去的五亿年中，地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，那期间 90%至 96%的物种灭亡了。6,600 万年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。关于灭绝的原因各不相同。科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。许多科学家认为地球的第六次大灭绝即将来临。这一次，人类活动是主要原因。 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究，调查了物种自然状态下灭亡的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1,000倍。这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于动植物之间的自然平衡。没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。 第六次灭绝可以避免吗？专家说，如果我们现在采取行动还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须极大地改变我们的生活方式。例如，采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种，包括建立动植物的特殊保护区。通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源，例如风能和太阳能来改变我们的工作和出行方式。我们还需要改进耕作方式，减少水、空气和土地污染。简而言之，如果我们想要生存，就需要停止破坏我们生活的星球并开始保护它。 黑知更鸟 黑知更鸟是人类从灭绝危机中拯救出来的鸟类。1980年，世界上只剩下五只黑知更鸟。它们栖息在新西兰海岸附近的一个小岛上，其中只有一只名叫“老蓝”的雌鸟能够产卵。野生动物工作者开始了一项黑知更鸟繁育计划。他们保护老蓝的蛋、帮助孵化，并照顾幼鸟。由于他们的努力，现在黑知更鸟的数量已超过250只，而且数量还在增加。为了帮助它们生存，人们正在恢复黑知更鸟的栖息地并移除捕杀它们的小动物，例如岛上的老鼠和猫。 [重点词汇] ●基础单词 1. species n．物种，种 2. wipe vt.擦；拭 3. mass adj.大量的 4. decrease vt.&vi.减少 n．减少；减少的量 5. blame vt.责怪，指责 6. solar adj.太阳光(能)的 7. hatch vi.&vt.(使)孵化 ●拓展单词 1. unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→unusually adv.异常地；不平常地→usual adj.往常的 2. varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary v．改变→various adj.多种多样的→variety n．种类 3. affect vt.影响→affection n．影响 4. endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v．危及，危害 5. restore vt.(使) 恢复→restoration n．恢复 [核心短语] 1. die out 　消失；绝迹，灭绝 2. wipe out 彻底毁灭 3. be to blame 把……归咎于 4. be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 5. up to 多达 6. depend on 依赖，依靠 7. take action 采取行动 8. take steps 采取措施 9. in short 总之 10. due to 由于 [框架句型] 1．现在完成时have/has done In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. 在过去的五亿年中，地球上出现过五次生命几乎全部灭绝的情况。 2．倍数表示法．..times＋more＋than They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。 3．双重否定句without...not/no... Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive. 没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有洁净的水，我们就无法生存。 Ⅰ.Read the texts and finish the following exercises. 1．What is one of the reasons for extinction? A．Sleep of volcano. B．Changes in sea levels. C．Rise in oxygen. D．Drop in temperature. 2．What are scientists mainly concerned about as to reasons of species death? A．Ages.　　　　　 B．Ways. C．Numbers. D．Rates. 3．Why would we humans die out with 75% of all species on Earth could die out? A．Because we will have no clean water. B．Because we will kill all species for food. C．Because we will have no factory farming. D．Because we will kill one another for water. 4．How can we avoid the sixth extinction? A．By producing more species. B．By stopping destroying the planet. C．By taking action to protect ourselves. D．By moving to another planet immediately. 答案：1～4　BDAB Ⅱ.Understand the structure of the text. Extinction Meaning of extinction entire species are 1. wiped out . The number of extinctions that have occurred so far over 2. 90% of all species that ever lived. Two notable extinctions and their consequences the 3. third mass extinction, killed 4. 90% to 96% of all species; the 5. fifth event, which occurred 6. 66 million years ago, caused the death of the 7. dinosaurs . Main reasons that cause extinctions volcanic 8. eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in 9. sea levels, the decrease of the 10. oxygen content of the sea, 11. global warming . How to avoid the sixth mass extinction change the way 12. we live, including 13. setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected; change how we work and travel by 14. using cleaner, more natural sources of energy; improve our 15. farming methods . [核心词汇] 1．wipe out彻底毁灭 wipe...with...用……擦…… wipe away擦掉，擦干 wipe sth. off...把某物从……处擦掉(消除掉) wipe sth./sb. from/off one's mind/memory 有意忘记某事物/某人 ◆[经典佳句] Five hundred years ago, the plague almost wiped out the population of the island. 五百年前，瘟疫几乎消灭了岛上所有的人。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①These measures will help to wipe out poverty in rural areas. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ②Whole villages were wiped out by the earthquake. 地震把整座整座的村庄夷为平地。 ③She bent down and wiped the dirt off her shoes using a dry cloth. 她弯下腰，用一块干布把鞋上的泥土擦掉了。 ④I tried several times to wipe him off my mind, but I just couldn't. 我几次想把他忘掉，但就是做不到。 2．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 (1)varied art forms多种艺术形式 (2)variety n．变化；多样性；种类 种类繁多的；各种各样的 (3)vary vt.&vi.改变；变化；不同 vary from...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 vary with随……而变化 (4)various adj.各种各样的；多方面的(＝a variety of) ◆[经典佳句] Yet, outdoor activities are varied and tempting in the USA. 然而，美国的户外活动是多种多样的和吸引人的。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①As we can see, the prices of vegetables vary with the season. ②We may have various (vary) ways to deal with such a situation. ③If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety (vary)． ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④House prices vary from place to place and are usually high where there are famous schools. 各个地方的房价都不同，在有名校的地方房价通常很高。 3．decrease n．减少；减少的量 vi.&vt.减少 (1)decrease in在……减少 (2)decrease to后接数字，表示“下降到……” (3)decrease by后接分数、百分数或其他表示数量的词，表示“下降了……” (4)有同样用法的还有grow及increase ◆[经典佳句] It has been reported that the exports of that company have decreased by 3%. 据报道，那家公司的出口下降了3%。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①The number of new students decreases to 800 this year. ②The price of wheat has decreased by 10%. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③ Increase in population caused a shortage of food. 人口的增加导致了食物的短缺。 ④As our family income decreased ，father argued against an increase in our pocket money. 随着家庭收入的减少，爸爸反对增加我们的零花钱。 4．blame vt.责怪，指责 (1)be to blame (for sth.)应该(为某事)负责任/受责备 blame sth. on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事 blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因(做)某事而责备某人 (2)blame n．过失；责备 put/lay/place the blame (for sth.) on sb. 把(某事)归咎于某人 ◆[经典佳句] It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来水是罪魁祸首。 A man can fail many times，but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame someone else. 一个人可以失败很多次，但是只要他没有责怪旁人，他还不是一个失败者。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage. ②One of the computers is broken and she is blaming it on me. ③Don't try to lay the blame for this on others. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④I am not to blame for my laziness, mum.I'm what you have made me. 妈妈，你不该责备我懒惰。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。 5．die out消失；绝迹，灭绝 die away(声音、风、光等)逐渐消失 die off(一群生物)相继死去 die down(慢慢地)熄灭；平息(静)下来 ◆[经典佳句] This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. 因栖息地正受到破坏，这一物种已濒于灭绝。 When the applause had died down，she began her speech. 掌声平息后她便开始演讲了。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①The practice of children working in factories has nearly died out . ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ②We no longer see this animal — maybe it has died out. 我们再也看不到这种动物了，或许它早就灭绝了。 ③ The sound of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的响声消失在远处。 ④Although the wind has died down, the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat. 尽管风停了，但是雨还在下，因此你仍需要带上一件雨衣。 6．be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 (1)risk vt.冒……的危险；冒险做 risk one's life冒着生命危险 risk doing sth.冒着做某事的危险/冒险做某事 risk n．冒险；危险的人或物 (2)reduce/increase the risk of降低/增加……的危险 at the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的危险 run/take the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的危险 take a risk/take risks to do sth.冒险做某事 (3)risky adj.危险的；冒险的 ◆[经典佳句] The disease is spreading, and all young children are at risk. 疾病正在流行，所有的幼儿都有危险。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①I mustn't annoy my boss because I won't risk losing (lose) my job. ②It's nice to get out in the sun, but if you overdo it, you could put your life at risk. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③I won't let you take such risks . After all, it is better to be safe than sorry. 我是不会让你冒这种险的。毕竟，小心一点好，以免以后后悔。 ④They prevented a serious railway accident at the risk of losing their own lives. 他们冒着失去生命的危险阻止了一次严重的铁路事故。 [重点句型] 1．(教材P53)They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1,000倍。 [句式结构]　句中1,000 times faster than意为“比……快一千倍”，表示倍数。 ◆[规律总结] 英语中表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，常见的有以下5种： (1)A is N times as long/wide/high/large/ deep ... as B。 (2)A is N times longer/wider/higher/larger/deeper ... than B。 (3)A is N times the length/width/height/size/depth ... of B。 (4)A is N times＋what从句。 (5)A has increased/decreased/reduced/gone up/risen ... by N times。 ◆[经典佳句] This big stone is three times as heavy as that one. 这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。 This rope is twice longer than that one. 这根绳子是那根绳子的两倍长。 ◆[误区规避]　翻译句子： 新路是老路的三倍宽。 (可能失误)The new road is three times as wider as the old one. (正确表达)The new road is three times as wide as the old one. The new road is three times wider than the old one. (错误分析)“脚踏两只船”所致。两种情况都要记准确。要么“as＋原级＋as”，要么“比较级＋than”。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①The population now in this village is five times what it was ten years ago. 现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。 ②Our grain output will be 10 times that of 1960 . 我们的粮食产量将是1960年的10倍。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 句型转换 ③The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one. →The red ruler is three times longer than the yellow one. →The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one. 2．(教材P53)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants. 很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物，都产生了负面影响。 [句式结构]　It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的名词性从句。 ◆[规律总结] 由于主语从句过长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，that不可省。常用的主要有以下五种句型： (1)It＋be＋形容词(clear/obvious/true/nature/surprising/good/wonderful/funny/possible/likely/probable/certain/fortunate)＋that的主语从句……，意为“做……是……的。” (2)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour，an idea，no wonder...)＋that的主语从句……，意为“……是……”。 (3)It＋be＋动词­ed形式(said/reported/believed/thought/expected/announced/confirmed)＋that从句……，意为“据……”。 (4)It＋不及物动词(短语)(seem/happen/appear/look/occur/turn out)＋that从句…… (5)It＋及物动词(worry/shock)＋宾语＋that从句…… ◆[经典佳句] It was surprising that she passed the difficult exam. 真让人惊讶，她居然通过了这次困难的考试。 It's a pity that you've missed such a good chance. 你错过了这样一个好机会，真是遗憾。 ◆[误区规避]　翻译句子： 我突然想到我把钥匙落在家里了。 (可能失误)I occurred suddenly that I had left my keys at home. (正确表达)It occurred to me that I had left my keys at home. (错误分析) occur是不及物动词，指某事发生。应用it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 翻译句子 ①很明显，她的父母还不知道真相。 It is obvious that her parents haven't known the truth. ②被邀请到这儿演讲是我的荣幸。 It is an honor that I am invited here to give a speech. ③人们普遍认为女孩英语比男孩学得好。 It is generally believed that girls do better in learning English than boys. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$