语境13 海洋奥秘探索及保护（Word练习）-【百汇大课堂】2026年高考英语总复习下册·第1轮（浙江专用）

语境13　海洋奥秘探索及保护 (限时20分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Much of Earth is unexplored.An ocean census(普查) hopes to change that. “Earth” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun.After all，two-thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all，but by oceans of water. Because humans are land animals，most of the Earth remains under-explored. Marine(海洋的) biologists think the ocean might host more than 2 million species of marine animals，of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth. A new initiative hopes to change this.Launched in London on April 27th，Ocean Census aims to discover 100，000 new species of marine animal over the coming decade.It is backed by Nekton，a British marine-research institute，and the Nippon foundation，Japan's biggest charitable foundation.Its first ship，the Norwegian icebreaker Kronprins Haakon，set sail on April 29th，bound for the Barents Sea. The initiative is happening for two reasons.One is that the longer scientists wait，the less there will be to identify.Climate change is heating the ocean，as well as making it more acidic(酸的) as carbon dioxide dissolves goes into the water.Already around half the world's coral reefs(珊瑚)—thought to be home to around 25% of all ocean species—have been lost.Oliver Steeds，Nekton's founder，says that one of Ocean Census' priorities will be identifying species thought to be in the greatest danger from climate change.The second reason is technological.Marine biologists find about 2，000 new species a year，a rate hardly changed since Darwin's day.Ocean Census is betting it can go faster. Exactly what the new effort might turn up is impossible to predict.But history suggests it will be fruitful.Half a century ago scientists discovered hot vents(喷口) on the sea bed.These days，such vents are one possible candidate for the origin of all life on Earth.There are more practical benefits，too.Many drugs，for example，come originally from biological substance.The ocean full of unidentified life will almost certainly prove a rich mine from which to mine more. 1．Why is “Earth” an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun? A．Its climate is changing rapidly. B．Humans have not explored much of it. C．Most of its surface is covered by water. D．It hosts a large number of marine animals. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 5? A．The rate of discovering new species won't change. B．The new initiative will mainly focus on coral reefs. C．Climate change has a great impact on marine species. D．Scientists have identified nearly all the species in the ocean. 3．What might be the potential benefits of the Ocean Census according to the last paragraph? A．It may result in a reduction in overfishing. B．It may lead to the discovery of new drugs. C．It may contribute to the advancement of technology. D．It may prove the ocean is our life-support system. 4．What's the best title for the text? A．The Endangered Planet B．Reducing Sea Pollution：A Global Initiative C．How to Protect the Ocean? D．The Misnamed Earth：Exploring the Ocean's Secrets 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家倡议进行海洋普查，来深入了解地球，并解释了这一举措背后的原因。 1．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，用“地球”这个名字来称呼离太阳第三远的行星是一个奇怪的选择，因为它的表面大部分被水覆盖。故选C。 2．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第五段可知，气候变化正在使海洋升温，随着二氧化碳溶入水中，其酸性也变得更强，导致世界上大约一半的珊瑚礁消失，而珊瑚礁正是大约25%海洋生物的家园。因此，气候变化对海洋物种有很大的影响。故选C。 3．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Many drugs ...will almost certainly prove a rich mine from which to mine more.”可知，海洋普查的潜在好处是可能促使新药的发现。故选B。 4．D　[解析]标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了科学家倡议进行海洋普查，来深入了解地球，并解释了这一举措背后的原因。因此，D项“错误命名的地球：探索海洋的秘密”适合作为文章标题。故选D。 B Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole.Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril(鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea.And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales，such as sperm whales，have one hole，baleen(鲸须) whales，such as humpback and Rice's whales，have two. Even among the baleen whales，the placing of those nostrils differs.In some species they are close together.In others，they are much further apart.In a paper published in Biology Letters，Conor Ryan，a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science，suggests why that might be.Having two nostrils，he argues，helps whales smell in stereo(立体空间). Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton(浮游动物)，which they catch by filtering(过滤) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths.But to eat something you first have to find it.Toothed whales do not hunt by scent.In fact，the olfactory bulb—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures.But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs，which suggests smell remains important.And scent can indeed give zooplankton away.Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton(浮游植物).When these are under attack，they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide，which in turn attracts baleen whales. Most animals have stereoscopic senses.Having two eyes，for instance，allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth.Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming.Dr.Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits. The farther apart the sensory organs are，the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them.The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species.Sure enough，baleen whales that often eat zooplankton，such as the North Atlantic right whales，have nostrils that are farther apart than do those，such as humpback whales，that eat zooplankton occasionally.Besides allowing them to breathe，it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies. 5．What do we know about whales' nostrils according to the first two paragraphs? A．They are adapted ones. B．They are developed merely for smell. C．They are not easy to detect. D．They are fixed universally in numbers. 6．What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton? A．The teeth that baleen whales have. B．The smell that phytoplankton send. C．The sound waves that zooplankton create. D．The chemical signals that zooplankton give off. 7．How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in Paragraph 4? A．By quoting a theory. B．By using examples. C．By making contrast. D．By making inferences. 8．What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph? A．The sense of smell. B．The possibility to attract food. C．The ability to locate food. D．The ability to communicate. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是关于须鲸鼻孔的知识。 5．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea.”可知，鲸鱼的鼻孔是经过轻微进化的。故选A。 6．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called ...which in turn attracts baleen whales.”可知，当须鲸捕食浮游动物时，其所食的浮游植物散发的气味起了作用。故选B。 7．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Having two eyes，for instance ...locate the direction from which a sound is coming.”可知，本段通过举例解释立体感觉的概念。故选B。 8．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Besides allowing them to breathe，it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.”可知，鼻孔的位置与定位食物的能力有关。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 Tired of having the same old travel experiences that leave you feeling unfulfilled(失望的) and disconnected？Mindful travel is offering a new way to explore the world that is meaningful and sustainable. Mindful travel is a concept that encourages individuals to fully dive into the present moment while exploring new destinations.Individuals are aware of their surroundings，engaging all the senses，and enjoying the beauty of each experience.1.______ Mindful travel is not just about the destination but also the journey.The goal is to create a positive impact on both individuals and the world around them.2.______ It is an opportunity for people to positively contribute to the world. Mindful travel provides an opportunity to disconnect from the stresses of everyday life.3.______ Whether it's wandering through a busy market，hiking in nature，or simply sitting by the ocean，it allows us to let go of our worries and fully enjoy the beauty of our surroundings. 4．______ By stepping out of our comfort zones and experiencing new cultures，we gain a fresh viewpoint on life.We become more open-minded，adaptable，and caring.Through interactions with locals and fellow travelers，we learn about different ways of life and develop a greater understanding of the world. Mindful travel also has a positive impact on the destinations we visit.Mindful travelers are aware of their impact on the environment.5.______ By choosing eco-friendly accommodations，supporting local businesses，and respecting cultural traditions，we can ensure that our travels leave a green footprint. A．They can deeply appreciate the surroundings through it. B．Mindful travel promotes self-reflection and personal growth. C．When traveling，we often leave behind our routines and duties. D．Mindful travel positively impacts our mental and physical well-being. E．The demands of daily responsibilities often leave little time for self-care. F．They try to reduce waste，conserve resources，and support sustainable initiatives. G．It's about being mindful of one's actions and how they affect others and the environment. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了正念旅行的概念以及好处。 1．A　[解析]根据上文“Mindful travel is a concept that ...enjoying the beauty of each experience.”可知，上文提到参与者可以通过正念旅行去享受体验的魅力。空处为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明正念旅行的好处。A选项中it指代上文中的Mindful travel，“他们可以通过正念旅行深入地欣赏周围的环境”符合语境，故选A。 2．G　[解析]根据上文“Mindful travel is not just about the destination ...and the world around them.”可知，上文解释了正念旅行的目标，即对自己和周围世界产生积极的影响。该空承接上文，继续对产生的影响展开说明。G选项“这与注意自己的行为以及它们如何影响他人和环境有关”符合语境，故选G。 3．C　[解析]根据上文“Mindful travel provides an opportunity to disconnect from the stresses of everyday life.”可知，正念旅行给我们机会摆脱日常生活的压力，即暂时忘记日常的职责。C选项“旅行时，我们常常把例行的公事和职责抛在脑后”符合语境，故选C。 4．B　[解析]根据本段内容可知，本段的主旨是正念旅行让我们变得更加开放，适应能力更强，更有爱心，即促进了个人的成长和思考。B选项“正念旅行促进自我反思和个人成长”符合语境，故选B。 5．F　[解析]根据上文“Mindful travel also has a positive impact ...on the environment.”以及下文“By choosing eco-friendly accommodations ...our travels leave a green footprint.”可知，空处应承上启下，具体说明旅行者是如何致力于保护环境的。F选项“他们努力减少浪费，节约资源，支持可持续发展的倡议”符合语境，故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$