非谓语动词part II讲解 导学案 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

　　　　　　 非谓语动词Part II　　　　　　　　　　　　　 考点4：不定式和分词作表语 excite,puzzle,disappoint,astonish,amaze, bore, encourage,inspire,shock,move, tire, challenge, touch等动词,它们表示事物的特征时,用现在分词作表语,表示人的特征、状态时,用过去分词作表语 　I felt shocked when hearing the news that he needs an operation.听到他需要做手术的消息时我感到很震惊。 　The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring. 　国内外的形势都很鼓舞人心。 　不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作 　My dream is to enter Peking University. 　我的梦想是考入北京大学。 【小试牛刀四】 1.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveller to become 　　　　　　(educate) about the areas…   2.The intention of these adaptations is 　　　　　　(make) the classics more accessible to young readers.   3. It seems that people in Western countries are becoming increasingly　　　　　　(worry) about the side effects of drugs…   4. The whole conception was very 　　　　　　(puzzle) to his contemporaries, to whom a computer was a machine to do sums.   【小试牛刀五】不定式和分词作宾语补足语 规则1 hope, welcome, agree, suggest, demand不能跟sb to do sth,即不能带补语。 ①hope sb to do sth应改为wish/expect sb to do sth ②welcome sb to do sth应改为sb be welcome to do sth ③agree sb to do sth应改为allow/permit sb to do sth ④suggest sb to do sth应改为advise sb to do sth/suggest sb (should) do sth ⑤demand sb to do sth应改为require sb to do sth/demand sb (should) do sth 规则2 感官动词带宾补的情况: 结构公式(以see为例): see+宾语+doing/done/do→be seen+doing/done/to do 结构意义:do,to do表示动作的全过程或经常性的动作;doing表示主动的、正在进行的动作;done表示完成的、被动的动作(如果是不及物动词则只表示完成的动作)。 此类动词及短语有:notice, watch, observe, listen to, hear, feel, find等。 She was seen to enter the meeting room. 有人看到她进了会议室。 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 如果厨师被发现在厨房里吸烟,他会被立即解雇。 规则3 使役动词make,let,have,get后加复合宾语的情况: (1)get带宾补的情况: ①“get+宾语+doing sth=send+宾语+doing sth”意为“使……开始做某事”,表示由静止到运动并持续下去。 ②“get+宾语+to do sth=let/have+宾语+do sth”表示“让……做某事”。 ③“get+宾语+done=have+宾语+done”表示“使……被做”。 (2)make/let带宾补的情况: “make/let+宾语+do sth”意为“让……做某事”。 (3)have带宾补的情况: ①“have+sth+done”意为“让某事被做”。 ②“have+sb+doing sth”意为“让某人一直做某事”。 ③“have+sb+do sth”意为“让某人做某事”。 规则4 keep/leave+宾语+doing(主动,且持续进行)/done(被动)。 规则5 want/order/ask/wish/like+宾语+(to be) done(宾语与补语之间为被动关系)。 规则6 “be reported/said/believed…+to do/to be doing/to have done sth”意为“据报道/据说/人们认为……要做/正在做/做过某事”。 【小试牛刀五】 1. No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left　　　　　　 (want) more next time.   2. They make great gifts and you see them many times 　　　　　　(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.   3. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds　　　　　　(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.   考点六：不定式和分词作状语 不定式作状语 　动词不定式可以用作目的状语。 　I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我穿过马路以便避开他,但他看到我了并朝我跑了过来。 　only to do sth为不定式作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果。 　We hurried to the station,only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆地赶到车站,结果被告知火车已经开走了。 　形容词或过去分词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有:happy,lucky,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry, surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased,fortunate,right等。 　You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 　你永远不会知道我昨天见到她有多高兴。 　在“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”结构中,不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等。 　The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on. 　这把椅子看上去很硬,但实际上坐上去很舒服。 分词作状语 用法 例句 作时间状语 　相当于when, while, before等引导的时间状语从句。 　Translated into (=When it was translated into) English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 　这个句子被译成英语后,人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。 作原因状语 　相当于because, since, as等引导的原因状语从句。 　Not knowing (=Because he didn’t know) how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled in his cave and slept. 　因为不知道还能维持(生存)多久,尼古拉斯做了他能做的唯一一件事——蜷缩在他的山洞里睡觉。 作条件状语 　相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。 　Used (=If it is used) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.如果小心使用,一罐可以用六个星期。 作结果状语 　常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果。 　More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 　中国已经修建了更多的公路,这让人们的出行变得更容易。 作方式或 伴随状语 　表示一个与谓语动作同时发生的次要的或者伴随的动作,常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开。 　They would be able to reply to our signals, using similar methods. 　他们能够以类似的方法回复我们的信号。(作方式状语) 　All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 　一整个晚上他都躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。(作伴随状语) 作让步状语 　相当于though, although, even if等引导的让步状语从句。 　Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the ice. 　虽然被警告有危险,他仍然去冰上滑冰。 【小试牛刀六】 1.[2023·全国甲卷] For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言)　　　　　　 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.   2.[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] 　　　　　　(cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.   3. [2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 　　　　　　(think) it is food.   4.[2020·天津卷改编] 　　　　　　(complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.   考点七：with的复合结构: with+宾语(名词/代词)+宾语补足语 　(1)“with+名词/代词+现在分词”中的现在分词表主动且进行,或表特征。 　(2)“with+名词/代词+过去分词”中的过去分词表被动且完成,或表状态。 　(3)“with+名词/代词+动词不定式”中的不定式表将来。 　(4)“with+名词/代词+形容词/副词/名词/介词短语”中的形容词等表宾语的性质或状态。 　The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park, with their pet dog following them. 　这对老夫妇晚饭后经常在公园散步,他们的宠物狗跟在他们后面。 　It was a pity that the great writer died, with his works unfinished. 　真可惜,这位伟大的作家去世了,他的作品尚未完成。 　With something important to talk about with you, you must stay. 　因为有很重要的事要和你商量,你必须留下来。 　With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 　产量提高了60%,公司又度过了业绩卓著的一年。 考点八：独立主格结构 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。在句中一般作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等,也可以作定语。 　形式 例句 　名词/代词(主格)+非谓语动词 　Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. (permit的逻辑主语是weather而非we) 　如果天气允许的话,我们明天就进行比赛。 　He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. (fix的逻辑主语是his eyes而非he) 　他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。 　名词/代词(主格)+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语 　The students were having a discussion, their faces (being) red with excitement. 　学生们正在进行讨论,他们激动得脸都红了。 　The boy came in, book in hand. 　男孩走进来,手里拿着书。 [温馨提示] 为使句子简洁、明快,独立主格结构中的冠词或代词也常省略。 【小试牛刀七】 1. With no agreement 　　　　　　(reach), both sides agreed to spend another day discussing the main problems.   2. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons　　　　　　 (finish) for the day.   3.With no money in hand　　　　　　(spend),she sighed and had to leave.   4. She ran up to me, her hair 　　　　　　(fly) in the wind.   【答案四】 1.educated　考查过去分词作表语。此处指游客接受教育,需用过去分词,become为系动词,此处用过去分词作表语。故填educated。 2.to make　考查不定式作表语。句意:这些改编本的目的是让年轻读者更容易阅读经典作品。此处表示目的,故填不定式。 3.worried　考查过去分词作表语。此处是指人们担心药物的副作用,应用过去分词worried表示“担心的”。故填worried。 4.puzzling　考查现在分词作表语。主语the whole conception指物,此处表示“令人难以理解的”,因此用现在分词。故填puzzling。 【答案五】 1.wanting　考查现在分词作补语。此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,I与want之间是主动关系,用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。 2.decorated　考查过去分词作宾补。句中them与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。 3.surrounding　考查现在分词作宾补。分析句子结构可知,从句中的saw是谓语,and连接两个并列的宾语复合结构,而宾语soft clouds与动词surround之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作宾补。故填surrounding。 【答案六】 1.to teach　考查不定式作状语。根据空后的or to pass on wisdom可知,此处和后文是并列关系,故填to teach。 2.Covering　考查现在分词作状语。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语是the GPNP,谓语动词是 will be。又因the GPNP与cover的关系为主动关系,故空格处应填入cover的现在分词形式。(注意:位于句子开头,单词首字母应大写。) 3.thinking　考查现在分词作状语。从句的谓语动词是eat,故空格处应用非谓语动词形式。根据从句主语many sea animals与think之间是主动关系可知,此处需用现在分词作状语。故填thinking。 4.Completed　考查过去分词作状语。句中的谓语动词是inspired,此处为非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词complete是被动关系,应用过去分词作状语。故填Completed。 【答案七】 1.reached　考查with的复合结构。句意:由于没有达成协议,双方同意再花一天时间讨论主要问题。此处为 “with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构,动词reach和宾语agreement之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语。 2.finished　考查独立主格结构。句意:孩子们从文法学校回家,今天的课程结束了。根据句子结构判断,前后句没有连词,此处为独立主格结构,finish和逻辑主语lessons是被动关系,因此用过去分词。故填finished。 3.to spend　考查with的复合结构。句意:由于手头没有钱可花了,她叹了口气,不得不离开。本题考查with的复合结构,此处用不定式表将来,money和spend之间是逻辑上的被动关系,但此处应用主动表被动。故填to spend。 4.flying　考查独立主格结构。句意:她向我跑来,秀发在风中飘扬着。分析句子可知,此处为独立主格结构,且her hair和fly为主动关系,因此用现在分词。故填flying。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$