非谓语动词讲解Part 1一轮讲解 导学案-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

非谓语动词讲解Part 1 语态和句法 功能　 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 句法功能 一般 完成 一般 完成 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 to do to have done to be done to have been done √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词的-ing形式 doing having done being done having been done √ √ √ √ √ √ 过去分词 done √ √ √ √ 考点1.不定式和动名词作主语 　动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作主语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。 　Smoking is forbidden in public places.(经常性的) 　公共场所禁止吸烟。 　It is impossible to go swimming this afternoon.(具体的) 　今天下午去游泳是不可能的。 　不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在谓语之后。 　It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。 　“It is/was a waste of…/no use/no good/worth doing sth.”句型中常用动名词作主语。 　It is worth making an appointment before you go. 　你在去之前预约一下是值得的。 　It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. 　假装没看见他已经没用了,因此我向他招了招手。 【小试牛刀一】 1. Similarly, according to researchers, 　　　　　　(listen) to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels…   2.　　　　　　(be) emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.   3. It takes them hundreds of years　　　　　　(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.   考点2.不定式和动名词作宾语 规则1 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀: 　决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装 　decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend 　主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮 　offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help(后面跟不定式作宾语时,to可以省略) I choose to learn German rather than French.我选择学德语而不是学法语。 规则2 下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀: 　考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想 　consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy 　避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏 　avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate 　禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡 　forbid, imagine, risk; can’t help(禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote…to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,can’t stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like等短语也要用动名词作宾语。 I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 我非常感激两年前被给予了这个出国学习的机会。 规则3 下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别: What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forget to return the money to him. 多么差的记忆力!我忘了昨天向他借过钱了,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。 规则4 固定结构 (1)There is no good/point/sense/harm+doing sth.做某事不好/没用/没意义/没有害处。 (2)have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time/a good time/fun+(in) doing sth (3)spend/waste time (in) doing sth (4)cannot help but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative but to do表示“不得不”。 (5)“Why not+动词原形?”表示向某人提出建议,意为“为什么不……?” (6)“would rather/had better+(not)+动词原形”意为“宁愿/最好(不)……”。 【小试牛刀二】 1. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years　　　　　　 (record) everything I discovered.   2.That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 　　　　　　(continue) the practice.   3.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim 　　　　　　(have) a low impact on the natural environment.   4.I didn’t mean 　　　　　　(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help 　　　　　　(try) it.   5. In the modern information age, one can’t avoid 　　　　　　　　(surround) by various kinds of advertisements.   考点3.不定式和分词作定语 to do/to be done 　作定语一般表示将来的动作 　The professor to give us a lecture(=who will give us a lecture) tomorrow comes from Peking University. 　明天要给我们做讲座的是一位来自北大的教授。 　The problem to be discussed(=which will be discussed) at the meeting is very important. 　会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 done 　表示已经完成的或被动的动作或者不强调时间性的被动动作 　The problem discussed (=which was discussed) at the meeting is very important. 　会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 　a respected teacher (= who is respected) 　一个被人尊敬的老师 doing 　表示正在进行的或者经常性的主动动作或现在(或当时)的状态 　The professor giving us a lecture(=who is giving us a lecture) now comes from Peking University. 　正在给我们做讲座的是一位来自北大的教授。 being done 　表示被动的、正在进行的动作 　The problem being discussed(=which is being discussed) at the meeting is very important. 　会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。 [小贴士] 使用to do/to be done作定语的情况: (1)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。 (2)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 (3)不定式与其修饰的名词之间在逻辑上有动宾关系。 I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 【小试牛刀三】 1.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message　　　　　　 (intend) for everyone.   2.She called for action 　　　　　　(address) the struggles of people around the world 　　　　　　(face) “too little water or too dirty water”.   3.Fearful that he might have an intention 　　　　　　(harm) her, Helen started to run.   4.A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step　　　　　　 (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.   5.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 　　　　　　(ache) legs.   答案见下一页 【小试牛刀一】 1.listening　考查动名词作主语。空格处用动名词作主语,指多次的、经常性的行为,且为主动形式,故填listening。 2.Being　考查动名词作主语。空格处用动名词作主语,指抽象的、概念性的动作,故填Being。 3.to break　考查不定式作主语。根据句型“It takes sb/sth+一段时间+to do sth.”(花某人/物多长时间做某事。)可知,此处用动词不定式(to do)作真正的主语,it为形式主语。故填to break。 【小试牛刀二】 1.recording　考查动名词作宾语。spend time (in) doing sth意为“花时间做某事”。故填recording。 2.to continue　考查动词不定式作宾语。动词plan后面跟动词不定式,plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”,故填to continue。 3.to have　考查不定式作宾语。 aim to do sth意为“目的是……”,此处用不定式作宾语。故填to have。 4.to eat; trying　考查非谓语动词作宾语。mean to do sth意为“打算做某事”;can’t help doing sth意为“忍不住做某事”。故填to eat; trying。 5.being surrounded　考查动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth意为“避免做某事”,one和surround为被动关系,需用动名词的被动式。故填being surrounded。 【小试牛刀三】 1.intended　考查过去分词作定语。此处是过去分词短语作定语,修饰message。可改写为:which is intended for everyone。故填intended。 2.to address;facing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,第一空在句中作目的状语,故用不定式。故第一空填to address; face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故第二空填facing。 3.to harm　考查动词不定式作定语。分析句子结构可知,空处应填非谓语动词,have an intention to do sth意为“有意向做某事”,用不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。 4.to journey　考查不定式作定语。此处journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数词,用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。 5.aching　考查现在分词作定语。名词legs与动词ache构成主动关系,故填aching。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$