高二英语期末盘点学案 ：十大基础语法点讲解

高二英语期末盘点学案——十大基础语法点讲解

一、时态与语态

【语法讲解】
英语中有16种时态，期末考试高频考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来时及其被动形式。重点在于：

·正确理解时间顺序（尤其是“过去的过去”与“现在对过去的影响”）

·正确使用被动语态来强调“动作的承受者”

·灵活使用完成时与将来完成表示动作之间的逻辑关系

【例句及解析】

1、The research team had already reached a conclusion before the new data was made available, which eventually challenged their original assumptions.
句型结构：主句 + before + 从句 + which 引导非限制性定语从句
→ 使用过去完成时（had reached）+ 一般过去时（was made）来体现“过去的过去”，再通过一个非限制性从句体现结果影响，强调时间与因果。

2、By the time she graduates next June, she will have completed over thirty original paintings, many of which have been exhibited in public galleries.
句型结构：By the time + 主句（一般现在时），主句（将来完成时）+ 被动语态
→ 结合将来完成时和现在完成被动语态，展示“到将来为止完成的事”与“目前成果”。

3、It is widely believed that online education platforms have fundamentally changed the way students learn, especially after the pandemic accelerated digital adoption.
句型结构：It is + 被动语态 + that 从句（现在完成时）
→ 主句采用被动表达观点结构（It is believed that...），从句用现在完成时说明长期变化的结果。

4、While the historical facts were being debated during the seminar, a guest speaker presented new evidence that had been ignored for decades.
句型结构：While + 过去进行时被动 + 一般过去时 + 过去完成被动
→ 三个时态并用，突出主次动作与时间线的清晰划分。

5、The factory, which was built in the 1970s and has since been renovated several times, will be relocated to the suburbs by the end of this year.

句型结构：非限制性定语从句 + 并列谓语（过去时+现在完成被动）+ 主句（将来被动）
→ 通过复合句体现过去、现在、将来的时态衔接能力，也是写作中常见“描述背景—现状—计划”结构。

二、主谓一致

【语法讲解】
“主谓一致”指句子的谓语动词在数（单复数）和人称上必须与主语保持一致。这个语法点看似基础，但考试中常通过“干扰结构”设置陷阱，迷惑学生判断“谁才是真正的主语”。

高中阶段重点考查的6种一致结构：

1、介词短语后置干扰主语判断：如 A group of students was late（主语是 group）

2、主语是复合结构：如 either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also 等

3、there be 句型：be动词与后面最近的名词一致

4、集合名词（team, family）+谓语动词单/复数：看是否强调整体或个体

5、what引导的主语从句：整个从句为单数

6、量词短语（a number of / the number of）：a number of + 复数动词；the number of + 单数动词

【例句及解析】

1、A number of students who have applied for the exchange program are still waiting for their final interview schedules, which have been delayed due to unforeseen circumstances.
主语分析：a number of students → 谓语用复数 are
→ 从句中也需保持一致，“students who have applied”，全句中出现了主句谓语、定语从句谓语、非限制性定语从句谓语，体现高阶语法协调。

2、Either the principal or the teachers have decided to cancel the trip, based on the updated weather report that predicts heavy rain throughout the weekend.
主谓一致依据“就近原则”：谓语动词与**最近的主语（the teachers）**保持一致 → 用“have”
→ 同时使用“either...or...”结构 + 动名词短语作原因状语 + 定语从句，句式复杂且逻辑清晰。

3、The number of COVID-19 cases reported in rural areas over the past few months has increased significantly, highlighting the need for better medical access.
主语是“the number”，虽然紧跟复数名词 cases，但谓语用单数 has

→ 强调“数量”的主语概念，用单数动词，句中 also 使用了非谓语“highlighting”。

4、There have been several proposals, none of which has been approved by the board due to budget constraints and feasibility issues.
结构为：主句 there have been + 名词 + 定语从句 none of which has...
→ 此类句型结合了 there be 的一致、定语从句中的主谓一致及原因状语从句。

5、What matters most in international cooperation is not just economic gain, but the mutual understanding and long-term trust that develop through constant dialogue and cultural exchange.
主语是“What matters most”，整个从句作主语，为单数，谓语用 is
→ 后面“that develop...”为定语从句，修饰“trust”，因此谓语 develop 为复数。

三、非谓语动词

【语法讲解】
非谓语动词指的是动词在句中不作谓语，而是作主语、宾语、定语、状语或宾补的形式。其三种基本形式为：

非谓语形式	功能与结构	时间与语态表达
doing（现在分词）	表主动、进行、伴随	正在进行或一般
done（过去分词）	表被动、完成	被动、已完成
to do（不定式）	表目的、将来、结果	未发生的动作

常见考查点：

1、句首动词作主语：主语功能动名词或不定式

2、伴随状语：主句动作同时/先发生

3、逻辑主语判断：分析谁做这个动作

4、非谓语动词的完成形式：to have done / having done

5、与宾语补足语搭配：see/make/let/have等结构

【例句及解析】

1、Being deeply impressed by the professor’s lecture, many students stayed behind after class to ask further questions, hoping to gain more insights into the topic.
句型结构：现在分词作原因状语 + 不定式作目的状语 + hoping作伴随状语
→ 表达动作的前后逻辑：“因为被打动 → 留下 → 询问 → 希望获得更多”，多个非