第17讲 非谓语动词 （专项训练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第17讲 非谓语动词高阶攻略 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查非谓语动词作状语 考向02 考查非谓语动词作定语 考向03 考查非谓语动词作补语 考向04 考查非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查非谓语动词作状语 1、 基础练 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 4. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 5. _______________(finish) his homework，he went to bed. 6. _______________(show) around the factory, they were taken to visit the museum. 7. (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 8. (encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 9._____________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home. 10._______(bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. 2、 提升练 1.（24-25高三下·北京大兴·二模）Harbin, 25 (know) for its ice and snow festivals, became very popular last winter. 2.（24-25高三下·北京西城·一模）Floors, even clean-looking ones, harbor bacteria. Ultimately, if in doubt, abandon the food 31 (avoid) potential illness. 3.（23-24高三下·北京石景山·一模）Users can download, change and even run it locally 67 (satisfy) their specific technical requirements. 4． (watch) by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions. 5．To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 6． (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 7．He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 8．Ultimately, if in doubt, abandon the food (avoid) potential illness. 9．Research suggests a connection between deforestation, ________ (result) in poorer air quality, and increased rates of depression and anxiety. 10．Often ________ (find) sitting on a ticket gate, Milo greeted commuters and brought smiles to all she encountered, making the spring morning a little brighter. 11． (expose) to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. 12． (engage) myself in the local atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”. 13． (look) back on my high school life, the most important advice I’d give is these wonderful words from the writer Maya Angelou. 考向02 非谓语动词作定语 1、 基础练 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. The old man told the story in a voice and the little girl felt very (frighten). 4. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 5. The club, _________ (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. 6. The old lady was so kind that she adopted many ____________ (abandon) cats and dogs. 二、提升练 1.（24-25高三下·北京海淀·二模）What impressed me most was rowing through the jade lotus leaves in West Lake, 4 (leave) me with a precious memory of nature’s breathtaking beauty. 2．A team of scientists (lead) by Professor Eli at the University of Washington has now found the answer. 3．By contrast, “loong”, a word （create）in the 19th century, reminds people of strength and fortune, and should be distinguished from its Western cousin. 4．The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist (award) a Nobel Prize for her work. 5．Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 6．A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 7．This conclusion was drawn from a study (involve) players of a mobile game about sea, which tests 3-D navigation skills. ( 8．An alarm (play) by the smartphones will be sent to the services automatically. 9．Besides the frosty delights, the city still has much more (offer) all year around, including its traditional European-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. 10．Some teachers see it as a (cheat) tool. 11．The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey, has a long history (date) back to 1455. 考向03 非谓语动词作补语 1、 基础练 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 3. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 4. She returned home, only to find a number of things ___________________________ (steal/miss/go/lose) 5. I looked up and noticed a snake (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 6. The missing boy was last seen (play) near the East Lake. 7. He got his bad tooth ________ (pull) yesterday, for it had caused him too much pain. 8. When I came in, I found a strange girl ___________(seat) in the corner. 2、 提升练 1． 3 August 1492, he departed from Spain with three ships (carry) about 90 crewmen. 2．When at the hotel, we can reduce our impact by cutting back on water consumption and not having our bedding and towels (wash) every day. 3．The summer before my eighth grade I was one of a group of boys that a neighboring farmer hired (work)in his field. 4．They were shocked to find the painting (bury) under the ground for many years in good condition. 5．It’s well known to us all that his action made him (respect) by all his students. 6．The little girl found something (float) on the river, which frightened her. 7．As far as I am concerned, with time (go) by, he forgot the whole thing. 8．All our officers are trained (defend) themselves against knife attacks. 9．The old man found his wallet (steal) in the market. 10．Thousands were forced (migrate) from rural to urban areas in search of work. 考向04 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 一、基础练 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 3. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 4. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 5. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 6. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 7. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 8. Isn't it time you got down to___________(mark) the papers? 9. The children are looking forward to ___________________ (offer) Christmas gifts. 10. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam. 二、提升练 1．They all appreciated (give) the opportunity to go abroad for further study. 2．I began to think how amazing a thing it was (die) in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature. 3．Taking the time (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 4．Kepler’s scientific goal is (search) for Earth-size planets (orbit) other stars. 5．If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage (lose) forever, please take action. 6．Contrary to popular history books, most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to (study) history. 7．Knowing that life can exist in these extreme conditions has changed scientific opinions about the chances of there (be) life elsewhere in the universe. 8．This is in line with the Belt and Road Initiative, which aims the ancient Silk Road and connect the countries along the route. (revive) 9．If everything looks promising,then it will justify (try)to build a sleep lab and study sleep across cultures that way. 10．The wound from the dog bite has become (infect). 题型一 完形填空 Cloze 1 （2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联）I moved to a new city and took a job in marketing. I didn’t really understand whether it applied to me. I enjoyed doing things that I felt had 1 . As the months passed, I felt it just wasn’t for me. I needed to find a way out. A job advertisement for an editor for a new youth magazine came at exactly the right time. I applied and was successful. My role was to help teams of young people edit their content and help them with their work. I had assumed the magazine would be a(n) 2 of games and dull reviews, so I was 3 when one of the first pieces written was about social welfare. 4 , I found something I was interested in. I felt a 5 in me straight away. I had a purpose again. Days were lost to discussing hot topics and 6 the words of their strong and opinionated (坚持己见的) voices. 7 in their world, I could see myself making a difference to the team’s writing ability. As our website 8 increased and the work shifted to reflect what our audiences wanted, I developed a greater understanding of what young people might want to read. The biggest change the job brought, though was to my well-being. It is rare you find yourself in a job you love, one that you are happy to 9 each day. I was thriving in this creative environment, inspired by the talented young people I was helping to 10 their careers. Now, I realize that there are jobs that will keep you happy, energetic and inspired. 1．A．purpose B．convenience C．restriction D．entertainment 2．A．replacement B．mixture C．innovation D．symbol 3．A．amused B．embarrassed C．touched D．surprised 4．A．Naturally B．Generally C．Frequently D．Finally 5．A．contrast B．shock C．change D．shame 6．A．reading B．translating C．spelling D．copying 7．A．Trapped B．Hidden C．Invested D．Imagined 8．A．hits B．pages C．profits D．advertisements 9．A．leave behind B．go into C．refer to D．set aside 10．A．transfer B．rescue C．discipline D．further Cloze 2 （2025·京市昌平·二模）I never considered myself artistic until that rainy autumn afternoon. Mrs. Riley, our art teacher, handed out canvases (画布) with an unusual 1 , “Paint what you feel others cannot see.” My classmates 2 dipped brushes into bright colors, while I stared at the 3 surface, no idea in my mind, and immersed myself in self-doubt. For years, I had 4 to draw except for stick figures and convinced that 5 wasn’t my gift. But as raindrops tapped the window like a piece of beautiful music, an idea sparked — I mixed greys and blues to capture the rhythm of the storm. To my 6 , Mrs. Riley paused and looked at my drawing. “This... has depth,” she murmured, nodding her head slightly. That night, I lay awake, torn between excitement and fear. My sketchbook (速写本), long hidden under textbooks, resurfaced like an old friend. I began sketching shadows dancing through streetlights, steam curling from teacups — ordinary magic I’d always 7 . Weeks later, the school exhibition arrived. My piece “Urban Symphony” hung beside abstract paintings. Visitors rushed past my work without pause until a little girl pulled her mother’s sleeve. “Look! It’s like the city is breathing!” Her words were beyond my personal 8 . Now, as I prepare for art college, I often recall Mrs. Riley’s wisdom: “Vision grows when we dare to 9 the invisible.” That blank canvas taught me creativity isn’t about skill, but the 10 to share our unique perspectives. 1．A．task B．gift C．sign D．game 2．A．suddenly B．eventually C．immediately D．casually 3．A．messy B．blank C．torn D．rough 4．A．pretended B．decided C．promised D．refused 5．A．sincerity B．creativity C．curiosity D．generosity 6．A．surprise B．anger C．regret D．horror 7．A．forgot B．tracked C．ignored D．witnessed 8．A．control B．authority C．capacity D．expectation 9．A．explore B．question C．create D．protect 10．A．dream B．chance C．courage D．demand 题型二 语法填空 1 （2025·京市昌平·二模）Olivia Vibbert, 14-year-old, tried to establish her own nonprofit. In 2016, 11 (help) the homeless in winter, she requested sock donations when knowing socks are among the most needed items. The campaign started out with the big goal of 1,000 sock donations — a milestone that 12 (achieve) in mere days. Then she went on to collect more socks. So far, Olivia 13 (receive) over 8,000 pairs of donated socks. 2 （2025·京市昌平·二模）Research shows that people are more likely to maintain an exercise routine if they enjoy the activities they choose. If the exercise you are doing is not enjoyable, your motivation will gradually decrease. So you need to find 14 interests you. Some gyms offer a taster session before you sign up, 15 can help you get a feel for what a new place might be like. Once you find a style you enjoy, you will be 16 (cheerful) than ever. 3 The horse-face skirt, or mamianqun in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese skirt that dates back to the Song Dynasty. Traditionally it has two panels 1 (attach) to a single waistband, which overlap in front of the body to form a “skirt door”, like the horse-face defenses on ancient city walls. It primarily 2 (represent) a Chinese philosophical concept that harmonizes strength and gentleness. The skirt has gone beyond time and space to become a fashion item today. It 3 (prefer) by fans of traditional clothing, who have continued to develop it. 4 （2024·北京西城·一模）Your hometown could affect your navigational (导航的) skills. New research indicates that individuals 4 (raise) in cities with structured street patterns may encounter difficulties in navigation compared to those from rural areas with more organic layouts. This conclusion was drawn from a study 5 (involve) players of a mobile game about sea, 6 tests 3-D navigation skills. However, there’s hope for city residents: an urban version of the game showed slight improvements for them. 5 （23-24高三下·北京·二模） How to stay positive when things don’t go as 7 (plan)? One effective strategy is to focus on what you can control. While certain aspects of a situation may be 8 your influence, identifying and taking action on the elements within your control can empower you. This proactive approach helps shift your focus from dwelling on the disappointment to 9 (take) constructive steps toward a positive outcome. 2025年真题 1.（2025年全国高考一卷）“We hope ____55____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 2.（2025年全国高考二卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ____42____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 3.（2025年全国高考二卷）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 4.（2025年1月浙江首考）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 5.（2025年1月浙江首考） I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 6.（2025高考北京卷）I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare). 7.（2025高考北京卷）When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 2024年真题 1.（2024年新高考I卷）These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 2.（2024年新高考II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ______ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 3.（2024年浙江卷1月）However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 4.（2024年全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level the national parks, in particular, tend ________（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. 5.（2024年全国甲卷） Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they this in one pot, and shared friendship and love. 6.（2024年新高考I卷语）The latest ________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 7.（2024年新高考II卷）______ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 8.（2024年新高考I卷） In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 9.（2024年新高考II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 10.（2024年浙江卷1月）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 11.（2024年全国甲卷）Our fast train was packing with passengers. 2023年真题 1.（2023年新高考I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time. 2.（2023年新高考II卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 3.（2023年全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 4.（2023年全国乙卷） ________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 5.（2023年全国乙卷）As a photographer, I have spent the last two years________(record) everything I discovered. 6.（2023·北京卷）She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world _____(face)“too little water or too dirty water”. 7.（2023年新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the _________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. 8.（2023年全国乙卷）It is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads. 9.（2023年新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 10.（2023年新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.  11.（2023年全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 12.（2023年北京卷）She called for action (address)the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第17讲 非谓语动词高阶攻略 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查非谓语动词作状语 考向02 考查非谓语动词作定语 考向03 考查非谓语动词作补语 考向04 考查非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查非谓语动词作状语 1、 基础练 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 4. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 5. _______________(finish) his homework，he went to bed. 6. _______________(show) around the factory, they were taken to visit the museum. 7. (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 8. (encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 9._____________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home. 10._______(bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. 1. to save。it can是定语从句that it can do的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是to save。 2. To be accepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是To be accepted。 3. to stand。…enough to do是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是to stand。 4. to breathe。不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to breathe。 5. Having finished。finish与句子主语之间构成主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，应用Having finished。 6. Having been shown。show与句子主语之间构成被动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，应用having been done。故答案是Having been shown。 7. Having been asked。结合语境“要求加班”是被动的，且已经发生的，故用having been done。故答案是Having been asked。 8. Encouraged。encourage和句子主语之间构成被动关系，且已经发生。故答案是Encouraged。 9. Having waited。wait和句子主语之间构成主动关系，且已经发生。故答案是Having waited。 10. Bitten。分析句子结构结合句意可知，设空处用非谓语动词作原因状语，动作bite(咬)与主语postman(邮递员)之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式表被动，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Bitten。 2、 提升练 1.（24-25高三下·北京大兴·二模）Harbin, 25 (know) for its ice and snow festivals, became very popular last winter. 考查非谓语动词。句意：哈尔滨以冰雪节而闻名，去年冬天非常受欢迎。分析句子可知，became为谓语动词，空处用非谓语动词，Harbin与know为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填known。 2.（24-25高三下·北京西城·一模）Floors, even clean-looking ones, harbor bacteria. Ultimately, if in doubt, abandon the food 31 (avoid) potential illness. 考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，如果有疑问，放弃食物以避免潜在的疾病。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to avoid。 3.（23-24高三下·北京石景山·一模）Users can download, change and even run it locally 67 (satisfy) their specific technical requirements. 考查非谓语动词。句意：用户可以下载、修改甚至在本地运行它，以满足其特定的技术需求。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to satisfy。 4． (watch) by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions. 【答案】Watched 【知识点】过去分词作状语 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在数百万人的注视下，这场比赛的结局众说纷纭。句中已有谓语has divided，空处作非谓语动词，watch和逻辑主语the ending to the race之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Watched。 5．To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 【答案】inviting 【知识点】invite、现在分词作状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，该活动包括在社交媒体上开展一些公共宣传活动，邀请来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的现场直播。分析句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，表主动关系。故填inviting。 6． (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 【答案】To strengthen 【知识点】strengthen、不定式作目的状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。句子已有谓语动词included，空处应用非谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。句首单词首字母大写。故填To strengthen。 7．He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 【答案】planning 【知识点】plan、现在分词作状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填planning。 8．Ultimately, if in doubt, abandon the food (avoid) potential illness. 【答案】to avoid 【知识点】avoid、不定式作目的状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，如果有疑问，放弃食物以避免潜在的疾病。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to avoid。 9．Research suggests a connection between deforestation, ________ (result) in poorer air quality, and increased rates of depression and anxiety. 【答案】resulting 【知识点】result、现在分词作状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究指出，森林砍伐导致空气质量变差，并且抑郁症和焦虑症的发病率上升。本句谓语为suggests，此处为非谓语动词，本空用result“导致”的现在分词形式，作结果状语。故填resulting。 10．Often ________ (find) sitting on a ticket gate, Milo greeted commuters and brought smiles to all she encountered, making the spring morning a little brighter. 【答案】found 【知识点】find(found found)、过去分词作状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Milo经常被发现坐在检票口，向上下班往返的人打招呼，并给她遇到的所有人带来微笑，使春天的早晨变得更加明亮。本句谓语为greeted，此处为非谓语动词，且Milo与find“发现”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，表示被动。故填found。 11． (expose) to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. 【答案】Exposed 【知识点】expose、过去分词作状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管暴露在寒冷的天气中，许多勇敢的游客和科学家仍然选择去南极洲旅游。本句谓语为choose，此处为非谓语动词，且expose“使暴露”与逻辑主语many brave tourists and scientists为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Exposed。 12． (engage) myself in the local atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”. 【答案】To engage 【知识点】不定式作目的状语、engage 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了融入当地的氛围， 我选择了一家位于“工业园区”的酒店。空处需要动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了融入当地的氛围”。该空位于句首，首字母大写。故填To engage。 13． (look) back on my high school life, the most important advice I’d give is these wonderful words from the writer Maya Angelou. 【答案】Looking 【知识点】现在分词作状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：回顾我的高中生活，我想给的最重要的建议是作家玛雅·安杰洛的这句精彩的话。逻辑主语I与look back on 之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母大写，故填Looking。 考向02 非谓语动词作定语 1、 基础练 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. The old man told the story in a voice and the little girl felt very (frighten). 4. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 5. The club, _________ (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. 6. The old lady was so kind that she adopted many ____________ (abandon) cats and dogs. 1. being; held; to be held。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being; held; to be held。 2. to be completed。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是to be completed。 3. frightening; frightened。现在分词演化成形容词，表示“令人……”，过去分词演化成形容词，多表示“感到……”。故答案是frightening; frightened。 4. weighing。weigh, measure表示物体重量、高度等概念时，不能用被动形式。故答案是weighing。 5. founded。句意：这家俱乐部，成立于25年前，正在为过去和现在的会员举办一场聚会。设空处为非谓语动词，found与逻辑主语The club之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，found的过去分词为founded，作后置定语。故填founded。 6. abandoned。这些狗和猫是被遗弃的，应用过去分词作定语。故填abandoned。 二、提升练 1.（24-25高三下·北京海淀·二模）What impressed me most was rowing through the jade lotus leaves in West Lake, 74 (leave) me with a precious memory of nature’s breathtaking beauty. 【答案】leaving 【知识点】现在分词作定语、leaving 考查非谓语动词。句意：最让我印象深刻的是在西湖中划过碧绿的荷叶，这给我留下了大自然绝美景色的珍贵回忆。“(leave) me with a precious memory of nature’s breathtaking beauty”在句中作后置定语，leave(给……留下)与其逻辑主语rowing through the jade lotus leaves in West Lake之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填leaving。 2．A team of scientists (lead) by Professor Eli at the University of Washington has now found the answer. 【答案】led 【知识点】过去分词作定语、lead 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由华盛顿大学伊莱教授领导的一组科学家现在已经找到了答案。lead和scientists之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填led。 3．By contrast, “loong”, a word （create）in the 19th century, reminds people of strength and fortune, and should be distinguished from its Western cousin. 【答案】created 【知识点】过去分词作定语、create 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：相比之下，“龙”，一个19世纪创造的词，让人想起力量和财富，应该与它的西方表亲区分开来。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语reminds，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰word，word 和create二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语在句中作后置定语。故填created。 4．The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist (award) a Nobel Prize for her work. 【答案】 to be awarded 【知识点】award、不定式作定语、不定式的被动语态 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位女士是屠呦呦，第一位因她的工作而被授予诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家。当名词前有序数词修饰时，后面常用不定式作后置定语；且scientist与award之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式to be awarded。故填to be awarded。 5．Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 【答案】held 【知识点】过去分词作定语、hold(held held) 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。句子已有谓语动词decided，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，动词hold和逻辑主语the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。 6．A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 【答案】to journey 【知识点】不定式作定语、journey 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。 7．This conclusion was drawn from a study (involve) players of a mobile game about sea, which tests 3-D navigation skills. ( 【答案】involving 【难度】0.85 【知识点】现在分词作定语、involve 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一结论来自一项研究，研究对象是一款关于海洋的手机游戏的玩家，该游戏测试的是3D导航技能。分析句子结构可知involve与逻辑主语study构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，故填involving。 8．An alarm (play) by the smartphones will be sent to the services automatically. 【答案】played 【知识点】过去分词作定语 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：智能手机播放的警报将自动发送到服务。动词play意为“播放”，和谓语之间没有连词，根据by the smartphones可知，和主语构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故填played。 9．Besides the frosty delights, the city still has much more (offer) all year around, including its traditional European-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. 【答案】to offer 【知识点】不定式作定语、offer 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了寒冷的乐趣，这座城市全年还有更多的东西可以提供，包括传统的欧式建筑，独特的美食和文化活动。空处修饰much more，用不定式作后置定语。故填to offer。 10．Some teachers see it as a (cheat) tool. 【答案】cheating 【知识点】动名词作定语、cheat 【详解】考查动名词。句意：一些老师认为这是一种作弊工具。动名词形式作定语修饰名词tool，用来表示该名词的用途、目的或场合，cheating修饰tool，意为“用来作弊的工具”，故填cheating。 11．The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey, has a long history (date) back to 1455. 【答案】dating 【难度】0.85 【知识点】date back to …、现在分词作定语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：土耳其伊斯坦布尔的大巴扎有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到1455年。date back to表示“追溯到”，本句谓语为has，此处为非谓语动词，且history与date back to为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填dating。 考向03 非谓语动词作补语 1、 基础练 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 3. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 4. She returned home, only to find a number of things ___________________________ (steal/miss/go/lose) 5. I looked up and noticed a snake (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 6. The missing boy was last seen (play) near the East Lake. 7. He got his bad tooth ________ (pull) yesterday, for it had caused him too much pain. 8. When I came in, I found a strange girl ___________(seat) in the corner. 1. to deal。本句不是have sb do sth句式，而是have sth to do 表示“有某事要做”，不定式短语作定语，故答案是to deal。 2. to carry。permit sb to do sth允许某人做事，故答案是to carry。 3. to have studied。be said to do表示“据说做某事”；what country he studied in暗示该动作已结束，故答案是to have studied。 4. stolen/missing/lost。be stolen/missing/lost是习惯用法。故答案是stolen/missing/lost。 5. winding。wind one’s way表示“蜿蜒行进”，结合语境这是notice sb doing sth句型。故答案是winding。 6. playing。last是关键：失踪的孩子最后一次有人见他在东湖边玩耍。故答案是playing。 7. pulled。分析句子可知，pull(拔)在句中做动词got后宾语his bad tooth的补足语，应使用非谓动词形式，又因与其逻辑主语his bad tooth之间是被动关系，所以应使用过去分词形式pulled。故填pulled。 8. seated。分析句子成分可知，设空处为非谓语动词，作名词girl的后置定语。girl与seat之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，故用过去分词形式。故填seated。 2、 提升练 1． 3 August 1492, he departed from Spain with three ships (carry) about 90 crewmen. 【答案】 On carrying 【知识点】现在分词表示主动意义、表示时间、现在分词作补足语、on 【详解】考查非谓语动词和介词。句意：在1492年8月3日，他带着三艘船和大约90名船员从西班牙出发。空一具体的日期前用介词on；空二为with的复合结构，宾语ships和carry之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填①On②carrying。 2．When at the hotel, we can reduce our impact by cutting back on water consumption and not having our bedding and towels (wash) every day. 【答案】 washed 【知识点】cut back on、介词与其它词类的搭配、过去分词作补足语、wash 【详解】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意：在酒店时，我们可以通过减少用水量和不每天清洗床上用品和毛巾来减少影响。have sth. done意为“使某事被做”，过去分词作宾补，have为使役动词，our bedding and towels和wash之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词。故填washed。 3．The summer before my eighth grade I was one of a group of boys that a neighboring farmer hired (work)in his field. 【答案】to work 【【知识点】work(奏效；起作用)、不定式作宾语补足语 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在我八年级前的那个夏天，我和一群男孩一起被邻居家的农民雇去他的地里干活。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语hire sb to do“雇用某人做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填to work。 4．They were shocked to find the painting (bury) under the ground for many years in good condition. 【答案】buried 【难度】0.65【知识点】过去分词作补足语 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他们惊讶地发现这幅画在地下埋藏多年，保存完好。bury作为非谓语动词使用，painting承受它的动作，因此使用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填buried。 5．It’s well known to us all that his action made him (respect) by all his students. 【答案】respected 【知识点】过去分词作补足语、respect 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：众所周知，他的行为使他受到所有学生的尊敬。设空处为宾语补足语，和宾语 him之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填respected。 6．The little girl found something (float) on the river, which frightened her. 【答案】floating 【知识点】现在分词作补足语、floating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：小女孩发现河上漂着什么东西，吓了她一跳。空处作宾补，something与float构成逻辑主动关系，表示正在进行的动作，用现在分词形式作宾补。故填floating。 7．As far as I am concerned, with time (go) by, he forgot the whole thing. 【答案】going 【知识点】现在分词作补足语 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：在我看来，随着时间的流逝，他忘记了整件事。with复合结构为with+宾语+宾补，在本句中，time是宾语，与所给词go之间是主动关系，因此用going作宾补。故填going。 8．All our officers are trained (defend) themselves against knife attacks. 【答案】to defend 【知识点】defend、不定式作主语补足语 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我们所有的警官都受过保护自己免受持刀袭击的训练。train somebody to do，不定式作宾语补足语，此处是被动语态，不定式作主语补足语。故填to defend。 9．The old man found his wallet (steal) in the market. 【答案】stolen 【知识点】过去分词作补足语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老人在市场上发现他的钱包被偷了。found是句子的谓语，空处应用非谓语动词，find sth. done“发现某事被”。all his money和动词steal“偷”二者之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词stolen，作宾补。故填stolen。 10．Thousands were forced (migrate) from rural to urban areas in search of work. 【答案】to migrate 【知识点】不定式作主语补足语、migrate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：成千上万的人被迫从农村迁移到城市地区寻找工作。根据“Thousands were forced”可知，此处用动词短语force sb. to do sth.的被动式be forced to do sth.表示“被迫做某事”，因此应用migrate“迁移”的不定式形式，作主语补足语。故填to migrate。 考向04 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 一、基础练 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 3. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 4. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 5. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 6. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 7. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 8. Isn't it time you got down to___________(mark) the papers? 9. The children are looking forward to ___________________ (offer) Christmas gifts. 10. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam. 1. to grasp。fail to do未能做某事。故答案是to grasp。 2. getting。这里应用mean doing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。 3. to close。这里应用forget to do表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做，故答案是to close。 4. losing。risk doing表示“冒险做某事”。故答案是losing。 5. doing。postpone doing表示“推迟做某事”。故答案是doing。 6. to stop。 try to do 努力做某事；try doing 尝试做某事。句意：“不是那样做的，”妈妈试图阻止我但是没有拦住。她说对了。结果这道菜不是我原希望的那个样子。故答案是to stop。 7. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。故答案是to lock。 8. marking。get down to doing表示“着手做某事”，to是介词。故答案是marking。 9. being offered。look forward to盼望某事，to是介词；结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是being offered。 10. passing。have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是passing。 二、提升练 1．They all appreciated (give) the opportunity to go abroad for further study. 【答案】being given 【知识点】give、动名词作宾语、动名词的被动语态 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们都很感激有机会出国深造。appreciate doing sth.“感激做某事”，动名词作宾语。此处表示“他们感激被给了机会”，所以需要动名词的被动形式，即being done的结构。故填being given。 2．I began to think how amazing a thing it was (die) in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature. 【答案】to die 【知识点】不定式作主语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我开始思考以这样的方式死去是多么惊人的事情，以及看到自然的力量是多么美妙。在本句中，“it”是形式主语，动词不定式在此处用来表达一个具体的动作或事件，在本句中为真正主语。因此，应使用die的不定式形式to die。故填to die。 3．Taking the time (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 【答案】to rest 【知识点】动名词作宾语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 4．Kepler’s scientific goal is (search) for Earth-size planets (orbit) other stars. 【答案】 to search orbting 【知识点】orbit、search for、不定式作表语、现在分词作定语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Kepler的科学目标是寻找围绕其他恒星运行的地球大小的行星。本句系动词为is，两空均为非谓语动词。search for“寻找”。is是系动词，其后为表语，因为search for Earth-size planets是Kepler’s scientific goal的具体内容，所以此处search应使用不定式，作表语；Earth-size planets与orbit“沿轨道运行，围绕……运动”为主动关系，第二个空应用orbit的现在分词，作后置定语，修饰planets。故答案为①to search；②orbiting。 5．If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage (lose) forever, please take action. 【答案】 being lost 【知识点】动名词作宾语、介词与其它词类的搭配、动名词的复合结构 【详解】考查固定短语和动名词。句意：如果你像我一样一想到我们不可替代的遗产将永远消失，请采取行动。第一空为固定短语at the thought of意为“一想到……”符合句意，所以此处使用介词at；第二空为非谓语动词作宾语，介词of后应为动名词短语作宾语，lose与our irreplaceable heritage 之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动名词的被动形式，our irreplaceable heritage为动名词的逻辑主语。故填①at②being lost。 6．Contrary to popular history books, most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to (study) history. 【答案】 studying 【知识点】动名词作宾语、介词与其它词类的搭配、contrary to 【详解】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意：与流行的历史书籍相反，大多数学术书籍倾向于采用更具分析性和严肃性的方法来研究历史。contrary to...意为“与……相反”，在句中作状语。approach to...意为“……的方法”，to为介词，其后跟动词时应用动名词作宾语。故填to；studying。 7．Knowing that life can exist in these extreme conditions has changed scientific opinions about the chances of there (be) life elsewhere in the universe. 【答案】being 【知识点】be(am/is/are)、动名词作宾语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：知道生命可以在这些极端条件下存在，改变了科学界对宇宙其他地方存在生命可能性的看法。根据空前的of可知，空处需要be动名词形式being，构成there being的结构，作介词的宾语。表示“存在生命”这一状态的可能性，这种结构在语法上相当于一个存在句。故填being。 8．This is in line with the Belt and Road Initiative, which aims the ancient Silk Road and connect the countries along the route. (revive) 【答案】to revive 【知识点】revive、不定式作宾语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这与“一带一路”倡议相一致，该倡议旨在复兴古老的丝绸之路，并连接沿线国家。此处为aim to do sth.表示“旨在做某事，目的是做某事”，是固定搭配，故填to revive意为“复兴，使恢复”，不定式作宾语。故填to revive。 9．If everything looks promising,then it will justify (try)to build a sleep lab and study sleep across cultures that way. 【答案】trying 【知识点】trying、动名词作宾语 【详解】考查动名词。句意：如果一切看起来都很有希望，那么就有理由尝试建立一个睡眠实验室，并以这种方式研究不同文化的睡眠。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语justify doing sth“证明做……”，满足句意要求，所以此处为动名词形式。故填trying。 10．The wound from the dog bite has become (infect). 【答案】infected 【知识点】infect、过去分词作表语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：狗咬伤的伤口已经感染了。本句谓语为has become，此处为非谓语动词，The wound与infect“传染，使感染”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作表语。故填infected。 题型一 完形填空 Cloze 1 （2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联）I moved to a new city and took a job in marketing. I didn’t really understand whether it applied to me. I enjoyed doing things that I felt had 1 . As the months passed, I felt it just wasn’t for me. I needed to find a way out. A job advertisement for an editor for a new youth magazine came at exactly the right time. I applied and was successful. My role was to help teams of young people edit their content and help them with their work. I had assumed the magazine would be a(n) 2 of games and dull reviews, so I was 3 when one of the first pieces written was about social welfare. 4 , I found something I was interested in. I felt a 5 in me straight away. I had a purpose again. Days were lost to discussing hot topics and 6 the words of their strong and opinionated (坚持己见的) voices. 7 in their world, I could see myself making a difference to the team’s writing ability. As our website 8 increased and the work shifted to reflect what our audiences wanted, I developed a greater understanding of what young people might want to read. The biggest change the job brought, though was to my well-being. It is rare you find yourself in a job you love, one that you are happy to 9 each day. I was thriving in this creative environment, inspired by the talented young people I was helping to 10 their careers. Now, I realize that there are jobs that will keep you happy, energetic and inspired. 1．A．purpose B．convenience C．restriction D．entertainment 2．A．replacement B．mixture C．innovation D．symbol 3．A．amused B．embarrassed C．touched D．surprised 4．A．Naturally B．Generally C．Frequently D．Finally 5．A．contrast B．shock C．change D．shame 6．A．reading B．translating C．spelling D．copying 7．A．Trapped B．Hidden C．Invested D．Imagined 8．A．hits B．pages C．profits D．advertisements 9．A．leave behind B．go into C．refer to D．set aside 10．A．transfer B．rescue C．discipline D．further 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了放弃了自己不喜欢且感觉没有目标的工作，去应聘了一个编辑工作，帮年轻人改稿子，作者觉得非常开心，觉得自己改变了很多，对工作充满热情，对年轻人也很有帮助。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢做我觉得有意义的事情。A. purpose目的意图，意义价值；B. convenience便利；C. restriction限制，约束；D. entertainment娱乐。根据上文“I didn’t really understand whether it applied to me”可知，作者不知道为什么从事当时的那份工作，所以推测，作者喜欢做有意义的事，下文“I had a purpose again.”中purpose是原词复现。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我原以为这本杂志会是一堆游戏和无聊评论的混合体，所以当我看到最初的一篇文章是关于社会福利的时候，我感到很惊讶。A. replacement取代，替代品；B. mixture混合；C. innovation创新；D. symbol符号，象征。根据下文“of games and dull reviews”可知，作者应该是猜想年轻人写内容多是这两种的混合。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. amused被逗笑的，愉悦的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. touched感动的；D. surprised惊讶的，出乎意料的。根据下文“when one of the first pieces written was about social welfare. ____4____ , I found something I was interested in”可知，作者原以为会看到年轻人作品会很无聊，事实看到写的是社会福利这样有意义的社会问题，所以作者感到很惊讶。故选D项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：终于，我找到了我感兴趣的事情。A. Naturally自然而然地；B. Generally一般来说；C. Frequently频繁地；D. Finally最后，终于。根据上文“As the months passed, I felt it just wasn’t for me. I needed to find a way out.”以及下文“I found something I was interested in.”可知，几个月过去了作者没有找到合适的工作，终于找到自己喜欢又有意义的工作。故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立刻感到我的内心发生了变化。A. contrast对比；B. shock震惊；C. change变化，改变；D. shame羞耻。原来做的是不适合自己的工作，现在是自己很喜欢的工作，心情是变化了。下文“I had a purpose again.”以及“The biggest change the job brought, though was to my well-being”都说明作者感受到了自己的变化，其中change是原词复现。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天的时间在讨论热点话题和阅读他们的强烈和坚持己见的声音中过去了。A. reading阅读；B. translating翻译；C. spelling拼写；D. copying复制。根据上文“My role was to help teams of young people edit their content and help them with their work.”作者的工作是编辑，应该是首先要阅读表达年轻人观点的文章，再进行修改指导编辑。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：投入到他们的世界中，我可以看到自己对团队的写作能力有很大的影响。A. Trapped困住；B. Hidden隐藏；C. Invested投资，投入；D. Imagined想象。根据上文“Days were lost to discussing hot topics and ______6______ the words of their strong and opinionated (坚持己见的) voices.”可知，作者我喜欢这份工作，后面表示对这些年轻人的习作能力有了很大的影响，说明作者应该是全身心地投入的工作中。故选C项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我们网站点击量的增加，并且我们的工作也在随之转变，反映我们的读者想要什么，我对年轻人可能想要读什么有了更深入的了解。A. hits点击量；B. pages页数；C. profits利润；D. advertisements广告。下文“the work shifted to reflect what our audiences wanted”说明网站点击量增多了，故选A项。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你很难找到自己喜欢的工作，一份你每天都乐意投入的工作。A. leave behind甩在后面；B. go into参加，开始从事；C. refer to参考，提及，指的是；D. set aside暂时搁置一边。根据上文“The biggest change the job brought, though was to my well-being”以及下文“I was thriving in this creative environment”可知，作者找到了一份自己喜爱的工作，每天很投入地去做(go into)。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在这种创造性的环境下很充实，我帮助这些有才华的年轻人取得事业的进一步发展，而我也深受鼓舞启发。A. transfer转移，移交；B. rescue救援；C. discipline纪律，惩罚；D. further使进一步，推进。作者作为编辑帮这些年轻作者修改稿子，提高他们的写作能力，应该是推动了他们的事业更进一步发展。故选D项。 Cloze 2 （2025·京市昌平·二模）I never considered myself artistic until that rainy autumn afternoon. Mrs. Riley, our art teacher, handed out canvases (画布) with an unusual 1 , “Paint what you feel others cannot see.” My classmates 2 dipped brushes into bright colors, while I stared at the 3 surface, no idea in my mind, and immersed myself in self-doubt. For years, I had 4 to draw except for stick figures and convinced that 5 wasn’t my gift. But as raindrops tapped the window like a piece of beautiful music, an idea sparked — I mixed greys and blues to capture the rhythm of the storm. To my 6 , Mrs. Riley paused and looked at my drawing. “This... has depth,” she murmured, nodding her head slightly. That night, I lay awake, torn between excitement and fear. My sketchbook (速写本), long hidden under textbooks, resurfaced like an old friend. I began sketching shadows dancing through streetlights, steam curling from teacups — ordinary magic I’d always 7 . Weeks later, the school exhibition arrived. My piece “Urban Symphony” hung beside abstract paintings. Visitors rushed past my work without pause until a little girl pulled her mother’s sleeve. “Look! It’s like the city is breathing!” Her words were beyond my personal 8 . Now, as I prepare for art college, I often recall Mrs. Riley’s wisdom: “Vision grows when we dare to 9 the invisible.” That blank canvas taught me creativity isn’t about skill, but the 10 to share our unique perspectives. 1．A．task B．gift C．sign D．game 2．A．suddenly B．eventually C．immediately D．casually 3．A．messy B．blank C．torn D．rough 4．A．pretended B．decided C．promised D．refused 5．A．sincerity B．creativity C．curiosity D．generosity 6．A．surprise B．anger C．regret D．horror 7．A．forgot B．tracked C．ignored D．witnessed 8．A．control B．authority C．capacity D．expectation 9．A．explore B．question C．create D．protect 10．A．dream B．chance C．courage D．demand 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者原本认为自己没有艺术天赋，但在一次艺术课上，老师布置了一个不同寻常的绘画任务，作者受窗外雨景启发开始创作，并意外得到老师认可。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的美术老师莱利夫人发了一张画布，上面有一项不同寻常的任务：“画出你觉得别人看不到的东西。”A. task任务；B. gift礼物；C. sign迹象；D. game游戏。根据下文“Paint what you feel others cannot see”可知，美术老师发下来的画布上留有任务。故选A。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同学们立即用画笔蘸上鲜艳的色彩，而我则呆呆地盯着空白的表面，毫无头绪，沉浸在自我怀疑中。A. suddenly突然；B. eventually最后；C. immediately立刻；D. casually随意地。根据下文“dipped brushes into bright colors”可知，同学们看到了任务以后立刻就用画笔蘸上鲜艳的色彩准备画画。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同学们立即用画笔蘸上鲜艳的色彩，而我则呆呆地盯着空白的表面，毫无头绪，沉浸在自我怀疑中。A. messy混乱的；B. blank空白的；C. torn破损的；D. rough粗糙的。根据上文“handed out canvases”可知，老师发下来的画布上应该是什么都没有的，也就是空白的。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，除了简笔画外，我一直拒绝画画，并坚信创造力不是我的天赋。A. pretended假装；B. decided决定；C. promised答应；D. refused拒绝。根据下文“wasn’t my gift”可知，作者觉得自己没有天赋，所以拒绝画画。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，除了简笔画外，我一直拒绝画画，并坚信创造力不是我的天赋。A. sincerity真诚；B. creativity创造力；C. curiosity好奇心；D. generosity慷慨。根据上文“no idea in my mind”和常识可知，画画需要创造力，作者看到画布毫无头绪，说明作者觉得自己没有创造力。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我吃惊的是，莱利太太停了下来，看着我的画。A. surprise惊讶；B. anger生气；C. regret后悔；D. horror震惊，恐惧。根据下文“This... has depth”可知，美术老师说作者的画有深度，这让作者吃惊。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始画在路灯下跳舞的影子，从茶杯里冒出的蒸汽——这些我一直忽略的普通魔术。A. forgot忘记；B. tracked跟踪；C. ignored忽视；D. witnessed目击。根据上文“shadows dancing through streetlights, steam curling from teacups — ordinary magic”可知，路灯下跳舞的影子，从茶杯里冒出的蒸汽，这些是作者一直忽略的魔术。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的话出乎我的意料。A. control控制；B. authority权威；C. capacity能力；D. expectation预料。根据上文“Look! It’s like the city is breathing”可知，作者肯定没有料到美术老师会这么说，所以老师是话出乎作者的意料。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们敢于探索不可见的世界时，视野就会增长。A. explore探索；B. question质疑；C. create创造；D. protect保护。根据第1空后“Paint what you feel others cannot see”可知，此处是指探索不可见的世界。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：空白的画布教会了我，创造力不在于技能，而在于分享我们独特观点的勇气。A. dream梦想；B. chance机会；C. courage勇气；D. demand要求。根据下文“share our unique perspectives”可知，此处是指分享独特观点的勇气。故选C。 题型二 语法填空 1 （2025·京市昌平·二模）Olivia Vibbert, 14-year-old, tried to establish her own nonprofit. In 2016, 11 (help) the homeless in winter, she requested sock donations when knowing socks are among the most needed items. The campaign started out with the big goal of 1,000 sock donations — a milestone that 12 (achieve) in mere days. Then she went on to collect more socks. So far, Olivia 13 (receive) over 8,000 pairs of donated socks. 【答案】11．to help 12．was achieved 13．has received 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是14岁的Olivia Vibbert努力建立自己的非营利组织，以帮助冬季无家可归者的事迹。 11．考查不定式。句意：2016年，为了在冬天帮助无家可归的人，她在知道袜子是最需要的物品之一的情况下，请求捐赠袜子。根据句意可知，帮助无家可归的人是她请求捐赠袜子的目的，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to help。 12．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：活动开始时的大目标是捐赠1000只袜子，这个里程碑在短短几天内就实现了。里程碑是被实现，句子描述过去的事情，因此句子用一般过去时的被动语态，that指代的先行词milestone是单数，因此空格处是was achieved，故填was achieved。 13．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，奥利维亚已经收到了8000多双捐赠的袜子。由So far可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语Olivia是单数，因此空格处是has received。故填has received。 2 （2025·京市昌平·二模）Research shows that people are more likely to maintain an exercise routine if they enjoy the activities they choose. If the exercise you are doing is not enjoyable, your motivation will gradually decrease. So you need to find 14 interests you. Some gyms offer a taster session before you sign up, 15 can help you get a feel for what a new place might be like. Once you find a style you enjoy, you will be 16 (cheerful) than ever. 【答案】14．what 15．which 16．more cheerful 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明享受运动更易坚持，若运动无趣动力会降，找到兴趣所在并尝试，能让人更快乐。 14．考查宾语从句。句意：所以你需要找到让你感兴趣的事物。“____ interests you”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 15．考查定语从句。句意：一些健身房在你报名之前提供体验课程，这可以帮助你感受新地方是什么样的。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是a taster session，为物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 16．考查形容词比较级。句意：一旦你找到了自己喜欢的运动风格，你会比以往更快乐。根据 than ever可知，此处用形容词比较级，cheerful的比较级是more cheerful。故填more cheerful。 3 The horse-face skirt, or mamianqun in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese skirt that dates back to the Song Dynasty. Traditionally it has two panels 1 (attach) to a single waistband, which overlap in front of the body to form a “skirt door”, like the horse-face defenses on ancient city walls. It primarily 2 (represent) a Chinese philosophical concept that harmonizes strength and gentleness. The skirt has gone beyond time and space to become a fashion item today. It 3 (prefer) by fans of traditional clothing, who have continued to develop it. 【答案】1．attached 2．represents 3．is preferred 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马面裙的历史以及受欢迎的情况。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，它有两个嵌板连接在一条腰带上，它们在身体前面重叠形成一个“裙门”，就像古代城墙上的马面防御一样。此处attach与panels构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填attached。 2．考查时态。句意：它主要代表了一种中国哲学观念，即和谐的力量和温柔。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语用三单形式。故填represents。 3．考查时态语态。句意：它受到传统服装爱好者的青睐，他们一直在继续发展它。主语It与谓语构成被动关系，根据语境可知陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is preferred。 4 （2024·北京西城·一模） Your hometown could affect your navigational (导航的) skills. New research indicates that individuals 4 (raise) in cities with structured street patterns may encounter difficulties in navigation compared to those from rural areas with more organic layouts. This conclusion was drawn from a study 5 (involve) players of a mobile game about sea, 6 tests 3-D navigation skills. However, there’s hope for city residents: an urban version of the game showed slight improvements for them. 【答案】4．raised 5．involving 6．which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，与那些来自有机布局的农村地区的人相比，在有结构化街道模式的城市中长大的人在导航方面可能会遇到困难。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究表明，与那些来自有机布局的农村地区的人相比，在有结构化街道模式的城市中长大的人在导航方面可能会遇到困难。分析句子结构可知raise与逻辑主语individuals构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填raised。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一结论来自一项研究，研究对象是一款关于海洋的手机游戏的玩家，该游戏测试的是3D导航技能。分析句子结构可知involve与逻辑主语study构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填involving。 6．考查定语从句。句意：这一结论来自一项研究，研究对象是一款关于海洋的手机游戏的玩家，该游戏测试的是3D导航技能。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词game，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。 5 （23-24高三下·北京·二模） How to stay positive when things don’t go as 7 (plan)? One effective strategy is to focus on what you can control. While certain aspects of a situation may be 8 your influence, identifying and taking action on the elements within your control can empower you. This proactive approach helps shift your focus from dwelling on the disappointment to 9 (take) constructive steps toward a positive outcome. 【答案】7．planned 8．beyond 9．taking 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当事情没有按计划进行时，保持积极的一个有效策略：专注于你能控制的事情。 7．考查过去分词。句意：当事情没有按计划进行时，如何保持积极？“按照计划”表达为方式状语从句的省略结构as planned，设空处填plan的过去分词planned表被动，故填planned。 8．考查介词。句意：虽然情况的某些方面可能超出了你的影响，但识别并对你控制范围内的因素采取行动可以增强你的能力。介词beyond“超出”符合句意，名词短语your influence作介词beyond的宾语。故填beyond。 9．考查动名词。句意：这种积极主动的方法有助于将你的注意力从停留在失望上转移到朝着积极结果采取建设性的步骤上。句子分析可知，此句中为固定搭配from...to...“从……到……”，to为介词，设空处应填take的动名词taking作宾语。故填taking。 2025年真题 1.（2025年全国高考一卷） “We hope ____55____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 【答案】 to present 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 2.（2025年全国高考二卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ____42____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 【答案】to discover 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 3.（2025年全国高考二卷）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】 left 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 4.（2025年1月浙江首考）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 【答案】to rent 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women (rent)”作后置定语，修饰名词词组fashion clothes，意为“女性租赁的衣服”，用不定式to rent作后置定语，主动表被动。故填to rent。 5.（2025年1月浙江首考） I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】 returning 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意，表示“意味着……”，用固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填returning。 6.（2025高考北京卷）I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare). 【答案】 scared 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示 “使某人被……”，“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。 7.（2025高考北京卷）When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】traveling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。 【答案】 left 【解析】考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 2024年真题 1.（2024年新高考I卷）These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【答案】to give 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜的空气。空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to give。 2.（2024年新高考II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ______ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 3.（2024年浙江卷1月）However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【答案】to benefit 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 4.（2024年全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level the national parks, in particular, tend ________（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. 【答案】to catch 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 5.（2024年全国甲卷） Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they this in one pot, and shared friendship and love. 【答案】shared→share 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：火锅意味着家人和朋友坐在一起，把他们喜欢的东西放在一个锅里，分享友谊和爱。不定式to后接动词原形sit ，dip和share，表示目的。故将shared改成share。 6.（2024年新高考I卷语）The latest ________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 【答案】engineering 【解析】考查非谓语。engineer作动词表示“设计制造”，用其非谓语形式作定语。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 7.（2024年新高考II卷）______ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】Recalling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 8.（2024年新高考I卷） In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 【答案】closed 【解析】考查过去分词作表语。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 9.（2024年新高考II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【答案】inspired 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 10.（2024年浙江卷1月）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】designed 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 11.（2024年全国甲卷）Our fast train was packing with passengers. 【答案】packing→packed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们快车上挤满了乘客。be packed with“挤满”，pack与train是被动关系。故将packing改成packed。 2023年真题 1.（2023年新高考I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time. 【答案】wanting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。这句话中已有谓语动词 am  left,所以want这个动词应该为非谓语动词作结果状语，want与逻辑主语是I是主动关系，所以空格用现在分词wanting。句意：无论我在哪里买，一笼都不够，两笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。 2.（2023年新高考II卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 【答案】visiting 【解析】考查分词形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 3.（2023年全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】borrowing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 4.（2023年全国乙卷） ________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】Having visited 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 5.（2023年全国乙卷）As a photographer, I have spent the last two years________(record) everything I discovered. 【答案】recording 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了过去两年的时间记录我所发现的一切。spend+时间/金钱+(in)doing/名词, “花费时间或金钱做某事”，介词可省略。 6.（2023·北京卷）She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world _____(face)“too little water or too dirty water”. 【答案】 facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 7.（2023年新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the _________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. 【答案】recognized 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格在名词home前面需用分词作定语，空格与被修饰词是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语。recognized（ 被公认的）。意思是上海是公认的汤包的故乡）。 8.（2023年全国乙卷）It is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads. 【答案】built 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。 9.（2023年新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 【答案】to bite 【解析】考查非谓语动词。与后面to put 并列，空格需填动词不定式.to bite。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。 10.（2023年新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.  【答案】to be lifted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allow sb to do sth.允许某人做某事，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式被动形式to be lifted。句意：最好的小笼包外皮很薄，从蒸笼中被取出来时不会撕裂或洒出任何东西。 11.（2023年全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【答案】to teach 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 12.（2023年北京卷）She called for action (address)the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. 【答案】 to address 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$