Unit 5 Education（知识清单）英语北师大版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 5 Education 一、词汇清单 单词 1. abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃 2. apparent adj. 显而易见的；明白的 3. circumstance n. 境况，状况；情况，情形 4. citizen n. 公民；市民 5. complex adj. 复杂的；难以理解的 6. gain vt. 获得，赢得，取得；受益 7. gently adv. 轻柔地；温和地；平缓地 8. grasp vt. 理解，领会；急忙抓住 9. gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的 10. insist vi. 坚称；坚持主张 11. eyesight n. 视力 12. moral adj. 道德 (上) 的 13. mankind n. 人类 14. obvious adj. 显然的，明显的；易理解的 15. owe vt. 有…… 是由于；把…… 归功于 16. precious adj. 宝贵的 17. pursue vt. 追求 18. rank n. 等级 19. routine n. 惯例，常规；例行公事 20. severe adj. 很严重的 21. stream n. 水流 22. stubborn adj. 固执的，执拗的；倔强的 23. superb adj. 极好的，卓越的 24. sympathy n. 同情，同情心 25. technique n. 技巧，手法 26. tendency n. 倾向 27. timetable n. 时间表，日程表；时刻表 28. universe n. 宇宙 29. vital adj. 极其重要的，必不可少的 30. vocabulary n. 词汇量 31. worthy adj. 有价值的；值得尊敬的 短语 1. be eager to do sth 渴望做某事 2. be enthusiastic about 对…… 有热情 3. be used to doing 习惯于…… 4. come to one’s defence 为某人辩护 5. go against 反对；对…… 不利 6. have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 7. hold up 举起 8. in a flash 突然，一瞬间 9. in conclusion 最后 10. keep on doing sth 继续做某事 11. open up 开放，开启 12. regardless of 不管；不顾 13. relate to 理解；有关 14. put one’s arm round/around sb 搂住某人 15. to start with 首先，作为开始 16. work on 努力改善 (或完成) 熟词生义 1. stream n. 水流；小河; vt.& vi. 流；流动；流出 2. abstract adj. 抽象的; n. 摘要vt. 把…… 抽象出；提取；抽取；写出 (书等的) 摘要 3. objective n. 目的，目标; adj. 客观的 4. gain vt. 获得，赢得，取得；受益；(钟表) 走快; n. 收益；利益，好处；增加 5. rank n. 等级；地位；行列，队列；军衔; v. 把…… 分等级；属于某等级 6. abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃；陷入，沉湎于; n. 放纵 句型 1. it 作形式宾语 I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love. 2．It is/was the＋序数词＋time (that)... It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch. 3．含蓄条件句 Without love you would not be happy or want to play. 4．with 复合结构 ...people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence． 语法 Have/get sth. done （使役结构） 二、知识点精讲 1．sympathy n．同情，同情心 (1)out of sympathy (for ...)出于(对……的)同情 feel/express/show/have sympathy for sb同情某人 (2)sympathetic adj. 同情的； 有同情心的 feel/be sympathetic to/towards...对……表示同 【佳句】We feel sorrow and deep sympathy for the earthquake victims. 我们对地震灾民感到悲痛和深切同情。 (读后续写之同情) 练透——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①To be a popular student，we must show our respect，concern and sympathy _____________ others. ②Though she did love going camping, she presented that poor boy with this tent _____________ (出于同情). 写美——一句多译 Meredith太太同情穷人，因此每当她有时间的时候，她都会给他们带来食物和药品。 ③Mrs Meredith __________________________，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathetic) ④Mrs Meredith _______________________________________，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathy) 2．insist vi.坚称；坚持主张 (1)insist on(doing)sth坚持(做)某事 insist that... 坚持说/认为(从句用陈述语气) insist that sb(should)do...坚决要求/主张(从句用虚拟语气) (2)insistence n. 坚称；坚持主 【佳句】Mom insisted that we go camping in the next village, her eyes twinkling with excitement. 妈妈坚决要求我们在下一个村庄露营，她的眼中闪着兴奋的光芒。(读后续写之兴奋) 练透——单句语法填空 ①The doctor insisted that she _____________ (be) seriously ill and that she _____________ (operate) on immediately. ②The next day, I insisted _____________ his doing whole bath by himself. 写美——应用文写作之情感描写 ③他坚持要送我到车站，这使我感动得热泪盈眶。(读后续写之感动) He __________________________ to see me off，which nearly moved me to tears. 3．tendency n．倾向 (1)have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向 (2)tend vi. 倾向；趋于vt. 照顾；照料 tend to do sth 易于/往往会做某事 tend(to)sb/sth 照看某人/某 【佳句】Understand the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，and you will have a tendency to find it easy to learn Tang poetry. 如果你提前了解唐朝的历史，你往往会发现很容易学会唐诗。(应用文之建议信) 练透——单句语法填空 ①Last October，while ___________(tend) her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away. ②The prices of vegetables are reported to have a ___________ (tend)to increase in some cities. [联想]“照顾”各种表达： (1)look after(2)take care of (3)care for(4)attend(to)sb 写美——应用文写作之演讲稿 ③当我们用微信和别人聊天时，我们通常倾向于使用表情符号。 When we chat with others on WeChat，we typically ___________ emojis. 4．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 (1)be disappointed with sb/sth对某人/某事失望 be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 (2)disappoint vt. 使失望 (3)disappointment n. 失望 to one's disappointment 令某人感到失望的是 (4)disappointing adj. 令人失望 【佳句】Disappointed and frustrated，the poor man made his way back to his family. 这个可怜的人回到了家里，既失望又沮丧。 练透——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①The speech was quite ___________ (disappoint) and it left out some main questions. ②We were all disappointed ___________ (learn)that the picnic had been cancelled. ③For several days, I waited at the same spot.But ______________________ (令我失望的是), he didn't turn up. 写美——句式升级 对句③进行升级 ④For several days, I waited at the same spot.But _________________________________．(that引导主语从句) ⑤For several days, I waited at the same spot.But _________________________________．(what引导主语从句) 5．expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露 (1)expose...to...使……接触；使……暴露于…… expose oneself to... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于…… (be)exposed to... 暴露于/接触…… (2)exposure n. 暴露；揭露；接触；体 【佳句】When you come to China，you can be exposed to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture. 当你来到中国，你可以接触到中国语言和中国文化。(应用文之邀请信) 【点津】在expose...to...以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 练透——单句语法填空/语境辨义 ①Long ___________ (expose) to noisy surroundings may result in some physical and mental problems. ②The reporter managed to expose the plot，making the company avoid great loss. ___________ ③You should try to expose the kids to as much art as possible. ___________ 写美——句式升级 ④If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer，you will get sunburnt. →_________________________________，you will get sunburnt.(动词­ing形式短语作状语) →____________________________________________，you will get sunburnt.(动词­ed形式短语作状语) 6．conclusion n．结论 (1)come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion 总之；最后 (2)conclude v. 断定；推断出；得出结论；使结束；终止 conclude sth from...从……中推断出…… conclude sth with/by doing sth以……结 【佳句】In conclusion，celebrating the Lantern Festival with fireworks isn't necessary. 总之，燃放烟花庆祝元宵节是没有必要的。(应用文之中国传统节日) 练透——单句语法填空 The concert began with the national anthem and concluded ___________a piece of soft music. ②Both sides present at the meeting arrived at a ___________ (conclude) in the end. 写美——一句多译 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。 ③I ____________________________________________ a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion) ④I _____________________________________________ a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude) 7．responsibility n．责任 (1)take responsibility for sth对……负责 a sense of responsibility 责任感 (2)responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的 be responsible for sth 对……负 【佳句】From my perspective, leading a low­carbon life is pretty necessary for us students, which is also our responsibility. 在我看来，过低碳生活对我们学生来说是非常必要的，这也是我们的责任。(应用文之环境保护) 练透——单句语法填空 ①Love，___________ (responsible) as well as sharing were the most valuable qualities in my family.They were, they are and they will always be. ②He came to realize that he should be responsible ___________the family because he grew up. 写美——同义句替换 用responsibility改写句② ③He came to realize that he ___________ because he grew up. 8．priority n．优先处理的事；优先权 (1)first/top priority 头等大事；当务之急 give priority to 优先考虑；给……以优先权 (2)prior adj. 先前的；较早的；优先的 prior to 在……之前；先于 (3)prioritize vt. 优先处 【佳句】As a senior high school student, learning is supposed to be given the first priority. 作为一个高中生，学习应该被放在第一位。(应用文写作演讲稿) 练透——单句语法填空 ①To our delight, the government is___________ (priority)5G's development. ②I am personally a big fan of birthdays and wait for my birthday approximately a month prior to the day. 写美——应用文写作之建议信 ③冷静下来，理清你的思绪。首先，列出你可能的选择，优先考虑你真正感兴趣的。 Calm down and clear your head.To begin with，list your possible choices and give priority to what you are really interested in. 9．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃 (1)abandon oneself to...沉湎于……；纵情于……(to为介词) abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 (2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 (3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to... 沉湎于… 【佳句】Feeling frustrated，I found myself abandoning myself to playing computer games. 感到沮丧，我发现自己沉湎于玩电脑游戏。(读后续写之沮丧) 练透——单句语法填空 Many young people decided to abandon ___________ (buy) houses in big cities because of the high price. ②He used to walk along the gravel path to the ___________ (abandon) old lighthouse. ③At the party, people sang and danced___________ abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives. 写美——句式升级 ④He was abandoned to playing computer games, so he didn't pass the exam. →_________________________________, he didn't pass the exam.(动词­ed形式短语作状语) →__________________________________，he didn't pass the exam.(动词­ing形式短语作状语) 10．owe vt. 有……是由于；把……归功于 (1)owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb欠某人某物 owe...to... 把……归功于…… owe it to sb to do sth 认为某人该做某事 owe it to sb that... 将……归功于某人(it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语) (2)owing to 因为，由 【佳句】I owe everything to him. 我的一切都归功于他。 练透——语境辨义/单句语法填空 ①I anticipated that he must owe his boss a lot of money. ___________ ②Owing ___________ the outbreak of the disease, we had to have online courses at home instead of attending school after the summer holiday. 写美——一句多译 我把在英语学习方面取得的巨大进步归功于您。 ③I ___________ my great progress in English learning ___________． ④I _______________________________________________________ in English learning.(it作形式宾语) 3、 语法清单 【定义感知】 使役结构是英语中用来表达 “让某人/某物做某事”“使某事发生” 等含义的语法结构， 核心是通过主语的动作或影响，促使另一个动作或状态产生。 使役动词用法总表 动词 结构 含义 例句 make make+宾语+动词原形 迫使 / 让某人做某事（强调强制性） She made him apologize. make+宾语+形容词 使…… 变得…… The joke made us laugh. make+宾语+过去分词 使…… 被（他人）做（较少见） The teacher made the essay rewritten. have have + 宾语 +动词原形 让某人做某事（主语安排或指令） I had the mechanic check the car. have + 宾语 +过去分词 让某事被（他人）做 She had her hair cut. have + 宾语 +现在分词 让某人持续做某事（强调持续性） Don’t have the kids crying. let let + 宾语 +动词原形 允许 / 让某人做某事（语气宽松） My parents let me stay out late. get get +宾语+to + 动词原形 设法让某人做某事（强调努力说服） I got her to agree. get + 宾语 +过去分词 让某事被（他人）做 He got his bike repaired. get + 宾语 +形容词 使…… 变得……（较少见） Get the room clean. keep keep + 宾语 +形容词 使…… 保持某种状态 Keep the window closed. keep + 宾语 +现在分词 使…… 持续做某事 The noise kept me awake. keep + 宾语 +介词短语 使…… 处于某地 / 状态 Keep the books on the shelf. leave leave + 宾语 +形容词 使…… 处于（某种遗留状态） Leave the door open. leave + 宾语 +现在分词 使…… 持续做某事（较少见） She left the engine running. leave + 宾语 +过去分词 使…… 处于被…… 的状态 Leave the work unfinished. leave + 宾语 +介词短语 使…… 留在某地 Leave your coat in the hall. 注意事项 被动语态差异：make在被动语态中需还原不定式符号to（如：He was made to work.）。 let无被动语态，需用be allowed to替代。 过去分词结构对比：have sth done可能隐含 “意外发生”（如：She had her phone stolen.）， 而get sth done更强调 “主动完成”。 动词原形 vs. 现在分词：have sb do表示一次性动作（让某人做某事）， 而have sb doing强调持续性（让某人一直做某事） 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 使役动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 这是最基础的使役结构，通过特定动词（如make, let, have, get等）接宾语，再用补足语（动词原形、过去分词、形容词等）说明宾语的动作或状态。 make + 宾语 + 动词原形 表示 “迫使 / 让某人做某事”，强调主语的权威性或强制性，被动语态中不定式需加to。 She made her son finish his homework.（她让儿子完成作业。） He was made to apologize for his rudeness.（他被迫为自己的无礼道歉。） let + 宾语 + 动词原形 表示 “允许 / 让某人做某事”，语气较宽松，常用于口语，无被动语态。 My parents let me watch TV after dinner.（父母允许我晚饭后看电视。） Let the dog run in the yard.（让狗在院子里跑吧。） have + 宾语 + 动词原形 / 过去分词 / 现在分词 根据语境有不同含义： 接动词原形：“让某人做某事”（主语安排或指令，口语中常用）。 I’ll have my assistant call you back.（我会让助理给你回电话。） 接过去分词：“让某事被（他人）做”（即前文提到的have sth done，强调动作由他人完成）。 We had the house painted last month.（我们上个月请人粉刷了房子。） 接现在分词：“让某人持续做某事”（强调动作的持续性）。 Don’t have the water running while brushing teeth.（刷牙时别让水流着。） get + 宾语 + 不定式（to do）/ 过去分词（done） 表示 “设法让某事发生”，语气比have更强调 “努力达成”： I finally got him to agree with my plan.（我终于让他同意了我的计划。） She got her phone fixed at the repair shop.（她在维修店修好了手机。） 2. 使役动词 + 宾语 + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 部分动词（如make, keep, leave, drive等）可接 “宾语 + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语”，表示 “使宾语处于某种状态”。 make + 宾语 + 形容词：“使…… 变得……” The news made her happy.（这个消息让她很开心。） keep + 宾语 + 形容词 / 现在分词：“使…… 保持…… 状态” Keep the room clean.（保持房间干净。） He kept me waiting for an hour.（他让我等了一个小时。） leave + 宾语 + 形容词 / 过去分词 / 介词短语：“使…… 处于（某种遗留状态） The storm left the village in ruins.（暴风雨让村庄成了一片废墟。） She left the windows open when she left.（她离开时让窗户开着。） drive + 宾语 + 形容词：“迫使…… 处于（极端状态） The noise drove me crazy.（噪音快把我逼疯了。） The news set her mind at ease.（这个消息让她安心了。） 3. 其他隐性使役表达 情态动词 / 固定搭配表使役含义：如cause, lead to, result in等，虽不是典型使役动词，但可表达 “导致某事发生”。 Smoking causes lung cancer.（吸烟导致肺癌。） His carelessness led to the accident.（他的粗心导致了事故。） 使役性名词 / 短语：部分名词（如force, pressure）或短语（如in order to, so as to）也可间接表达使役含义，但属于语义层面的使役关系。 【经典练】 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The new teaching method makes students ______ (develop) their creativity through group activities. 2. Teachers should let students ______ (express) their own opinions freely in class discussions. 3. The school had the old library ______ (renovate) to provide a better learning environment. 4. Parents often try to get their children ______ (focus) more on academic performance than hobbies. 5. The strict discipline keeps the classroom ______ (order) during lectures. 6. Compulsory education makes every child ______ (have) access to basic learning resources. 7. The professor let the postgraduates ______ (attend) the academic seminar to broaden their horizons. 8. The school has a tutor ______ (help) students with poor grades improve their revision skills. 9. The heavy homework load got many pupils ______ (feel) tired of learning. 10. The teacher left the assignment ______ (finish) by the end of the week, but some students forgot it. 11. Good feedback can make students ______ (motivate) to work harder on their assignments. 12. The school won’t let students ______ (drop out) without discussing with their parents first. 13. They had the campus ______ (decorate) before the new semester to welcome freshmen. 14. Lifelong learning makes people ______ (keep) updating their knowledge in a fast-changing society. 15. The bullying incident left the victim ______ (fear) going to school for weeks. · 1、 核心知识运用 1. (2022・全国乙卷) They simply insist ___________ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. 2. (2022・全国乙卷) ___________ (initial) the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. 3. (2022・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) A groundbreaking，fiveyear study shows that diet___________ (relate) changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages. 4. (2022・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) Now，every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage，we are filled with a sense of ___________ (excite). 5. (2022・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) As a special ___________ (educate) teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 6. (2023・新课标 Ⅰ 卷) Writing was so difficult and ___________ (pain) for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. 7. (2024・全国甲卷) The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and ___________ (expand) financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country. 8. (2024・新课标 Ⅰ 卷) Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more ___________ (convention) veterinarian. 9. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an ___________ (exception) museum in Shanghai. 10. To his ____________(disappoint), what he earned couldn’t cover the monthly expense of the family. 2、 小试牛刀 1. The coach ________________________________(让队员们每天额外训练一小时). (get sb to do sth) 2. ________________________________(这是他第三次) that he has been late for work this week. (It is the + 序数词 + time that...) 3. The manager ________________________________(让助手把报告整理好) before the meeting starts. (have sb do sth) 4. He ________________________________(觉得有必要) to apologize to his classmates for his rude behavior. (it 作形式宾语) 5. When I passed the playground, I ________________________________(看到几个孩子被老师批评) for fighting. (过去分词作宾语补足语) 3、 短语复现(翻译句子） 1. Regular exercise and a balanced diet are beneficial to maintaining good health. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The committee consists of five experts from different fields, and their opinions are always consistent with the project’s goals. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. With the teacher’s help, Lily is trying to learn as much as she can about advanced mathematics. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. In the digital age, it’s important to keep up with new technologies if you want to relate to young people. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. After hours of discussion, the team finally came up with a solution to the environmental problem. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Teenagers have a tendency to rebel against their parents, but proper communication can ease the conflict. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. As you grow up, you must be responsible for your choices and set an example to your younger siblings. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. No matter where he travels, he makes it a rule to try local food and talk to the residents. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. To start with, we need to deal with the financial issue before planning the next phase of the project. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. They hadn’t communicated for a long time, so once they met at the reunion, she immediately put her arm round him. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 关于教育模式的短文写作需紧扣 “现象分析 — 问题探讨 — 观点提出” 的逻辑链。开头可简述在线教育普及的背景；主体部分先客观列举选择原因（如灵活性、资源丰富性），再辩证分析过度依赖的弊端（如互动不足、自律要求高），最后结合学习规律提出理想模式（强调线上线下互补）；结尾可呼应主题，强调平衡的重要性。注意使用本单元与 “Education” 相关的词汇（如 curriculum, interaction, academic performance 等），保持语言客观且有逻辑性。 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 【开头常用语】 With the widespread use of..., an increasing number of... are... ..., characterized by... and..., has gained popularity among... in recent years. 【主体部分常用语】 ... tend to... because they can... and... However, over-reliance on... may lead to..., which affects... In my opinion, the ideal... should combine the advantages of... and... 【结尾常用语】 Only by... can... maximize their... The key to... lies in... while preserving the value of... 【示例·分步写作】 随着在线教育的普及，一些学生逐渐减少了线下课堂的参与。请根据以下提示完成短文：1. 学生选择在线教育的常见原因；2. 长期依赖在线教育可能存在的问题；3. 你认为理想的学习模式是什么。 1. 随着在线教育的普及，越来越多的学生减少了线下课堂的参与。 With the widespread use of ___________, an increasing number of students are reducing their participation in ___________. 2. 近年来，以灵活性和资源丰富为特点的在线教育受到学生欢迎。 ___________, characterized by ___________ and ___________, has gained popularity among students in recent years. 3. 学生倾向于选择在线课程，因为他们可以按自己的节奏学习，并获取多样化的学习资料。 Students tend to choose ___________ because they can ___________ and ___________. 4. 然而，过度依赖在线教育可能导致与师生互动不足，影响协作学习。 However, over-reliance on ___________ may lead to ___________, which affects ___________. 5. 在我看来，理想的学习模式应结合线上和线下教育的优势。 In my opinion, the ideal ___________ should combine the advantages of ___________ and ___________. 6. 只有平衡线上和线下学习，学生才能最大限度地提升学业成绩。 Only by ___________ can ___________ maximize their ___________. 7. 有效教育的关键在于合理利用技术，同时保留面对面交流的价值。 The key to ___________ lies in ___________ while preserving the value of ___________ 【连句成篇】 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Education 一、词汇清单 单词 1. abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃 2. apparent adj. 显而易见的；明白的 3. circumstance n. 境况，状况；情况，情形 4. citizen n. 公民；市民 5. complex adj. 复杂的；难以理解的 6. gain vt. 获得，赢得，取得；受益 7. gently adv. 轻柔地；温和地；平缓地 8. grasp vt. 理解，领会；急忙抓住 9. gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的 10. insist vi. 坚称；坚持主张 11. eyesight n. 视力 12. moral adj. 道德 (上) 的 13. mankind n. 人类 14. obvious adj. 显然的，明显的；易理解的 15. owe vt. 有…… 是由于；把…… 归功于 16. precious adj. 宝贵的 17. pursue vt. 追求 18. rank n. 等级 19. routine n. 惯例，常规；例行公事 20. severe adj. 很严重的 21. stream n. 水流 22. stubborn adj. 固执的，执拗的；倔强的 23. superb adj. 极好的，卓越的 24. sympathy n. 同情，同情心 25. technique n. 技巧，手法 26. tendency n. 倾向 27. timetable n. 时间表，日程表；时刻表 28. universe n. 宇宙 29. vital adj. 极其重要的，必不可少的 30. vocabulary n. 词汇量 31. worthy adj. 有价值的；值得尊敬的 短语 1. be eager to do sth 渴望做某事 2. be enthusiastic about 对…… 有热情 3. be used to doing 习惯于…… 4. come to one’s defence 为某人辩护 5. go against 反对；对…… 不利 6. have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 7. hold up 举起 8. in a flash 突然，一瞬间 9. in conclusion 最后 10. keep on doing sth 继续做某事 11. open up 开放，开启 12. regardless of 不管；不顾 13. relate to 理解；有关 14. put one’s arm round/around sb 搂住某人 15. to start with 首先，作为开始 16. work on 努力改善 (或完成) 熟词生义 1. stream n. 水流；小河; vt.& vi. 流；流动；流出 2. abstract adj. 抽象的; n. 摘要vt. 把…… 抽象出；提取；抽取；写出 (书等的) 摘要 3. objective n. 目的，目标; adj. 客观的 4. gain vt. 获得，赢得，取得；受益；(钟表) 走快; n. 收益；利益，好处；增加 5. rank n. 等级；地位；行列，队列；军衔; v. 把…… 分等级；属于某等级 6. abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃；陷入，沉湎于; n. 放纵 句型 1. it 作形式宾语 I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love. 2．It is/was the＋序数词＋time (that)... It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch. 3．含蓄条件句 Without love you would not be happy or want to play. 4．with 复合结构 ...people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence． 语法 Have/get sth. done （使役结构） 二、知识点精讲 1．sympathy n．同情，同情心 (1)out of sympathy (for ...)出于(对……的)同情 feel/express/show/have sympathy for sb同情某人 (2)sympathetic adj. 同情的； 有同情心的 feel/be sympathetic to/towards...对……表示同 【佳句】We feel sorrow and deep sympathy for the earthquake victims. 我们对地震灾民感到悲痛和深切同情。 (读后续写之同情) 练透——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①To be a popular student，we must show our respect, concern and sympathy for others. ②Though she did love going camping, she presented that poor boy with this tent out of sympathy(出于同情). 写美——一句多译 Meredith太太同情穷人，因此每当她有时间的时候，她都会给他们带来食物和药品。 ③Mrs Meredith was sympathetic towards/to the poor，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathetic) ④Mrs Meredith showed sympathy for the poor，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathy) 2．insist vi.坚称；坚持主张 (1)insist on(doing)sth坚持(做)某事 insist that... 坚持说/认为(从句用陈述语气) insist that sb(should)do... 坚决要求/主张(从句用虚拟语气) (2)insistence n. 坚称；坚持主 【佳句】Mom insisted that we go camping in the next village, her eyes twinkling with excitement. 妈妈坚决要求我们在下一个村庄露营，她的眼中闪着兴奋的光芒。(读后续写之兴奋) 练透——单句语法填空 ①The doctor insisted that she was (be) seriously ill and that she (should) be operated (operate) on immediately. ②The next day, I insisted on his doing whole bath by himself. 写美——应用文写作之情感描写 ③他坚持要送我到车站，这使我感动得热泪盈眶。(读后续写之感动) He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off，which nearly moved me to tears. 3．tendency n．倾向 (1)have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向 (2)tend vi. 倾向；趋于vt. 照顾；照料 tend to do sth 易于/往往会做某事 tend(to)sb/sth 照看某人/某 【佳句】Understand the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，and you will have a tendency to find it easy to learn Tang poetry. 如果你提前了解唐朝的历史，你往往会发现很容易学会唐诗。(应用文之建议信) 练透——单句语法填空 ①Last October，while tending(tend) her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away. ②The prices of vegetables are reported to have a tendency(tend)to increase in some cities. [联想]“照顾”各种表达： (1)look after(2)take care of (3)care for(4)attend(to)sb 写美——应用文写作之演讲稿 ③当我们用微信和别人聊天时，我们通常倾向于使用表情符号。 When we chat with others on WeChat，we typically tend to use emojis. 4．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 (1)be disappointed with sb/sth对某人/某事失望 be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 (2)disappoint vt. 使失望 (3)disappointment n. 失望 to one's disappointment 令某人感到失望的是 (4)disappointing adj. 令人失望 【佳句】Disappointed and frustrated，the poor man made his way back to his family. 这个可怜的人回到了家里，既失望又沮丧。 练透——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①The speech was quite disappointing (disappoint) and it left out some main questions. ②We were all disappointed to learn(learn)that the picnic had been cancelled. ③For several days, I waited at the same spot.But to my disappointment(令我失望的是), he didn't turn up. 写美——句式升级 对句③进行升级 ④For several days, I waited at the same spot.But it disappointed me that he didn't turn up．(that引导主语从句) ⑤For several days, I waited at the same spot.But what disappointed me was that he didn't turn up．(what引导主语从句) 5．expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露 (1)expose...to...使……接触；使……暴露于…… expose oneself to... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于…… (be)exposed to... 暴露于/接触…… (2)exposure n. 暴露；揭露；接触；体 【佳句】When you come to China，you can be exposed to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture. 当你来到中国，你可以接触到中国语言和中国文化。(应用文之邀请信) 【点津】在expose...to...以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 练透——单句语法填空/语境辨义 ①Long exposure(expose) to noisy surroundings may result in some physical and mental problems. ②The reporter managed to expose the plot，making the company avoid great loss. 揭露 ③You should try to expose the kids to as much art as possible. 使接触 写美——句式升级 ④If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer，you will get sunburnt. →Exposing yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer，you will get sunburnt.(动词­ing形式短语作状语) →Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer，you will get sunburnt.(动词­ed形式短语作状语) 6．conclusion n．结论 (1)come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion 总之；最后 (2)conclude v. 断定；推断出；得出结论；使结束；终止 conclude sth from...从……中推断出…… conclude sth with/by doing sth以……结 【佳句】In conclusion，celebrating the Lantern Festival with fireworks isn't necessary. 总之，燃放烟花庆祝元宵节是没有必要的。(应用文之中国传统节日) 练透——单句语法填空 ①The concert began with the national anthem and concluded with a piece of soft music. ②Both sides present at the meeting arrived at a conclusion(conclude) in the end. 写美——一句多译 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。 ③I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion) ④I concluded from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude) 7．responsibility n．责任 (1)take responsibility for sth对……负责 a sense of responsibility 责任感 (2)responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的 be responsible for sth 对……负 【佳句】From my perspective, leading a low­carbon life is pretty necessary for us students, which is also our responsibility. 在我看来，过低碳生活对我们学生来说是非常必要的，这也是我们的责任。(应用文之环境保护) 练透——单句语法填空 ①Love，responsibility(responsible) as well as sharing were the most valuable qualities in my family.They were, they are and they will always be. ②He came to realize that he should be responsible for the family because he grew up. 写美——同义句替换 用responsibility改写句② ③He came to realize that he should take responsibility for the family because he grew up. 8．priority n．优先处理的事；优先权 (1)first/top priority 头等大事；当务之急 give priority to 优先考虑；给……以优先权 (2)prior adj. 先前的；较早的；优先的 prior to 在……之前；先于 (3)prioritize vt. 优先处 【佳句】As a senior high school student, learning is supposed to be given the first priority. 作为一个高中生，学习应该被放在第一位。(应用文写作演讲稿) 练透——单句语法填空 ①To our delight, the government is prioritizing(priority)5G's development. ②I am personally a big fan of birthdays and wait for my birthday approximately a month prior to the day. 写美——应用文写作之建议信 ③冷静下来，理清你的思绪。首先，列出你可能的选择，优先考虑你真正感兴趣的。 Calm down and clear your head.To begin with，list your possible choices and give priority to what you are really interested in. 9．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃 (1)abandon oneself to...沉湎于……；纵情于……(to为介词) abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 (2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 (3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to... 沉湎于… 【佳句】Feeling frustrated，I found myself abandoning myself to playing computer games. 感到沮丧，我发现自己沉湎于玩电脑游戏。(读后续写之沮丧) 练透——单句语法填空 ①Many young people decided to abandon buying(buy) houses in big cities because of the high price. ②He used to walk along the gravel path to the abandoned(abandon) old lighthouse. ③At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives. 写美——句式升级 ④He was abandoned to playing computer games, so he didn't pass the exam. →Abandoned to playing computer games, he didn't pass the exam.(动词­ed形式短语作状语) →Abandoning himself to playing computer games，he didn't pass the exam.(动词­ing形式短语作状语) 10．owe vt. 有……是由于；把……归功于 (1)owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb欠某人某物 owe...to... 把……归功于…… owe it to sb to do sth 认为某人该做某事 owe it to sb that... 将……归功于某人(it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语) (2)owing to 因为，由 【佳句】I owe everything to him. 我的一切都归功于他。 练透——语境辨义/单句语法填空 ①I anticipated that he must owe his boss a lot of money. 欠(钱) ②Owing to the outbreak of the disease, we had to have online courses at home instead of attending school after the summer holiday. 写美——一句多译 我把在英语学习方面取得的巨大进步归功于您。 ③I owe my great progress in English learning to you． ④I owe it to you that I have made great progress in English learning.(it作形式宾语) 3、 语法清单 【定义感知】 使役结构是英语中用来表达 “让某人/某物做某事”“使某事发生” 等含义的语法结构， 核心是通过主语的动作或影响，促使另一个动作或状态产生。 使役动词用法总表 动词 结构 含义 例句 make make+宾语+动词原形 迫使 / 让某人做某事（强调强制性） She made him apologize. make+宾语+形容词 使…… 变得…… The joke made us laugh. make+宾语+过去分词 使…… 被（他人）做（较少见） The teacher made the essay rewritten. have have + 宾语 +动词原形 让某人做某事（主语安排或指令） I had the mechanic check the car. have + 宾语 +过去分词 让某事被（他人）做 She had her hair cut. have + 宾语 +现在分词 让某人持续做某事（强调持续性） Don’t have the kids crying. let let + 宾语 +动词原形 允许 / 让某人做某事（语气宽松） My parents let me stay out late. get get +宾语+to + 动词原形 设法让某人做某事（强调努力说服） I got her to agree. get + 宾语 +过去分词 让某事被（他人）做 He got his bike repaired. get + 宾语 +形容词 使…… 变得……（较少见） Get the room clean. keep keep + 宾语 +形容词 使…… 保持某种状态 Keep the window closed. keep + 宾语 +现在分词 使…… 持续做某事 The noise kept me awake. keep + 宾语 +介词短语 使…… 处于某地 / 状态 Keep the books on the shelf. leave leave + 宾语 +形容词 使…… 处于（某种遗留状态） Leave the door open. leave + 宾语 +现在分词 使…… 持续做某事（较少见） She left the engine running. leave + 宾语 +过去分词 使…… 处于被…… 的状态 Leave the work unfinished. leave + 宾语 +介词短语 使…… 留在某地 Leave your coat in the hall. 注意事项 被动语态差异：make在被动语态中需还原不定式符号to（如：He was made to work.）。 let无被动语态，需用be allowed to替代。 过去分词结构对比：have sth done可能隐含 “意外发生”（如：She had her phone stolen.）， 而get sth done更强调 “主动完成”。 动词原形 vs. 现在分词：have sb do表示一次性动作（让某人做某事）， 而have sb doing强调持续性（让某人一直做某事） 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 使役动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 这是最基础的使役结构，通过特定动词（如make, let, have, get等）接宾语，再用补足语（动词原形、过去分词、形容词等）说明宾语的动作或状态。 make + 宾语 + 动词原形 表示 “迫使 / 让某人做某事”，强调主语的权威性或强制性，被动语态中不定式需加to。 She made her son finish his homework.（她让儿子完成作业。） He was made to apologize for his rudeness.（他被迫为自己的无礼道歉。） let + 宾语 + 动词原形 表示 “允许 / 让某人做某事”，语气较宽松，常用于口语，无被动语态。 My parents let me watch TV after dinner.（父母允许我晚饭后看电视。） Let the dog run in the yard.（让狗在院子里跑吧。） have + 宾语 + 动词原形 / 过去分词 / 现在分词 根据语境有不同含义： 接动词原形：“让某人做某事”（主语安排或指令，口语中常用）。 I’ll have my assistant call you back.（我会让助理给你回电话。） 接过去分词：“让某事被（他人）做”（即前文提到的have sth done，强调动作由他人完成）。 We had the house painted last month.（我们上个月请人粉刷了房子。） 接现在分词：“让某人持续做某事”（强调动作的持续性）。 Don’t have the water running while brushing teeth.（刷牙时别让水流着。） get + 宾语 + 不定式（to do）/ 过去分词（done） 表示 “设法让某事发生”，语气比have更强调 “努力达成”： I finally got him to agree with my plan.（我终于让他同意了我的计划。） She got her phone fixed at the repair shop.（她在维修店修好了手机。） 2. 使役动词 + 宾语 + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 部分动词（如make, keep, leave, drive等）可接 “宾语 + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语”，表示 “使宾语处于某种状态”。 make + 宾语 + 形容词：“使…… 变得……” The news made her happy.（这个消息让她很开心。） keep + 宾语 + 形容词 / 现在分词：“使…… 保持…… 状态” Keep the room clean.（保持房间干净。） He kept me waiting for an hour.（他让我等了一个小时。） leave + 宾语 + 形容词 / 过去分词 / 介词短语：“使…… 处于（某种遗留状态） The storm left the village in ruins.（暴风雨让村庄成了一片废墟。） She left the windows open when she left.（她离开时让窗户开着。） drive + 宾语 + 形容词：“迫使…… 处于（极端状态） The noise drove me crazy.（噪音快把我逼疯了。） The news set her mind at ease.（这个消息让她安心了。） 3. 其他隐性使役表达 情态动词 / 固定搭配表使役含义：如cause, lead to, result in等，虽不是典型使役动词，但可表达 “导致某事发生”。 Smoking causes lung cancer.（吸烟导致肺癌。） His carelessness led to the accident.（他的粗心导致了事故。） 使役性名词 / 短语：部分名词（如force, pressure）或短语（如in order to, so as to）也可间接表达使役含义，但属于语义层面的使役关系。 【经典练】 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The new teaching method makes students ______ (develop) their creativity through group activities. 2. Teachers should let students ______ (express) their own opinions freely in class discussions. 3. The school had the old library ______ (renovate) to provide a better learning environment. 4. Parents often try to get their children ______ (focus) more on academic performance than hobbies. 5. The strict discipline keeps the classroom ______ (order) during lectures. 6. Compulsory education makes every child ______ (have) access to basic learning resources. 7. The professor let the postgraduates ______ (attend) the academic seminar to broaden their horizons. 8. The school has a tutor ______ (help) students with poor grades improve their revision skills. 9. The heavy homework load got many pupils ______ (feel) tired of learning. 10. The teacher left the assignment ______ (finish) by the end of the week, but some students forgot it. 11. Good feedback can make students ______ (motivate) to work harder on their assignments. 12. The school won’t let students ______ (drop out) without discussing with their parents first. 13. They had the campus ______ (decorate) before the new semester to welcome freshmen. 14. Lifelong learning makes people ______ (keep) updating their knowledge in a fast-changing society. 15. The bullying incident left the victim ______ (fear) going to school for weeks. 答案与解析 1. develop（make 后接宾语 + 动词原形，表 “使某人做某事”） 2. express（let 后接宾语 + 动词原形，表 “允许某人做某事”） 3. renovated（have sth done 表 “让某物被（他人）做”，library 与 renovate 为被动关系） 4. to focus（get 后接宾语 + 不定式 to do，表 “设法让某人做某事”，需带 to） 5. orderly（keep 后接宾语 + 形容词，表 “使某物保持某种状态”，orderly 为形容词，意为 “有序的”） 6. have（make 后接宾语 + 动词原形，表 “迫使 / 使某人做某事”） 7. attend（let 后接宾语 + 动词原形，表 “允许某人做某事”） 8. help（have 后接宾语 + 动词原形，表 “安排某人做某事”） 9. to feel（get 后接宾语 + 不定式 to do，表 “导致某人做某事”，需带 to） 10. finished（leave sth done 表 “使某事处于被完成的状态”，assignment 与 finish 为被动关系） 11. motivated（make 后接宾语 + 形容词，表 “使某人处于某种状态”，motivated 为形容词，意为 “有动力的”） 12. drop out（let 后接宾语 + 动词原形，表 “允许某人做某事”） 13. decorated（have sth done 表 “让某物被（他人）做”，campus 与 decorate 为被动关系） 14. keep（make 后接宾语 + 动词原形，表 “使某人做某事”） 15. fearing（leave 后接宾语 + 现在分词，表 “使某人持续处于某种状态”，victim 与 fear 为主动关系） 1、 核心知识运用 1. (2022・全国乙卷) They simply insist on mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. 2. (2022・全国乙卷) Initially(initial) the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. 3. (2022・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) A groundbreaking，fiveyear study shows that diet related(relate) changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the that are now found in half the world's languages. 4. (2022・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) Now，every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage，we are filled with a sense of excitement(excite). 5. (2022・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) As a special education(educate) teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 6. (2023・新课标 Ⅰ 卷) Writing was so difficult and painful(pain) for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. 7. (2024・全国甲卷) The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding(expand) financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country. 8. (2024・新课标 Ⅰ 卷) Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional(convention) veterinarian. 9. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional(exception) museum in Shanghai. 10. To his disappointment(disappoint), what he earned couldn’t cover the monthly expense of the family. 2、 小试牛刀 1. The coach got the team members to train for an extra hour every day (让队员们每天额外训练一小时). (get sb to do sth) 2. It is the third time (这是他第三次) that he has been late for work this week. (It is the + 序数词 + time that...) 3. The manager had his assistant put the report in order (让助手把报告整理好) before the meeting starts. (have sb do sth) 4. He felt it necessary (觉得有必要) to apologize to his classmates for his rude behavior. (it 作形式宾语) 5. When I passed the playground, I saw several children criticized by the teacher (看到几个孩子被老师批评) for fighting. (过去分词作宾语补足语) 三、短语复现(翻译句子） 1. Regular exercise and a balanced diet are beneficial to maintaining good health. 定期锻炼和均衡饮食对保持健康有益。 2. The committee consists of five experts from different fields, and their opinions are always consistent with the project’s goals. 该委员会由来自不同领域的五位专家组成，他们的意见始终与项目目标一致。 3. With the teacher’s help, Lily is trying to learn as much as she can about advanced mathematics. 在老师的帮助下，莉莉正努力尽可能多地学习高等数学知识。 4. In the digital age, it’s important to keep up with new technologies if you want to relate to young people. 在数字时代，如果你想和年轻人建立联系，跟上新技术的步伐是很重要的。 5. After hours of discussion, the team finally came up with a solution to the environmental problem. 经过数小时的讨论，团队终于想出了一个解决环境问题的办法。 6. Teenagers have a tendency to rebel against their parents, but proper communication can ease the conflict. 青少年有反抗父母的倾向，但恰当的沟通可以缓解这种冲突。 7. As you grow up, you must be responsible for your choices and set an example to your younger siblings. 随着你长大，你必须对自己的选择负责，并为弟弟妹妹树立榜样。 8. No matter where he travels, he makes it a rule to try local food and talk to the residents. 无论他去哪里旅行，他都习惯尝尝当地的食物并和居民交流。 9. To start with, we need to deal with the financial issue before planning the next phase of the project. 首先，我们需要在规划项目的下一阶段之前处理好财务问题。 10. They hadn’t communicated for a long time, so once they met at the reunion, she immediately put her arm round him. 他们很久没有联系了，所以在聚会上一见面，她就立刻用胳膊搂住了他。 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 关于教育模式的短文写作需紧扣 “现象分析 — 问题探讨 — 观点提出” 的逻辑链。开头可简述在线教育普及的背景；主体部分先客观列举选择原因（如灵活性、资源丰富性），再辩证分析过度依赖的弊端（如互动不足、自律要求高），最后结合学习规律提出理想模式（强调线上线下互补）；结尾可呼应主题，强调平衡的重要性。注意使用本单元与 “Education” 相关的词汇（如 curriculum, interaction, academic performance 等），保持语言客观且有逻辑性。 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 【开头常用语】 With the widespread use of..., an increasing number of... are... ..., characterized by... and..., has gained popularity among... in recent years. 【主体部分常用语】 ... tend to... because they can... and... However, over-reliance on... may lead to..., which affects... In my opinion, the ideal... should combine the advantages of... and... 【结尾常用语】 Only by... can... maximize their... The key to... lies in... while preserving the value of... 【示例·分步写作】 随着在线教育的普及，一些学生逐渐减少了线下课堂的参与。请根据以下提示完成短文：1. 学生选择在线教育的常见原因；2. 长期依赖在线教育可能存在的问题；3. 你认为理想的学习模式是什么。 1. 随着在线教育的普及，越来越多的学生减少了线下课堂的参与。 With the widespread use of online education, an increasing number of students are reducing their participation in offline classes. 2. 近年来，以灵活性和资源丰富为特点的在线教育受到学生欢迎。 Online education, characterized by flexibility and rich resources, has gained popularity among students in recent years. 3. 学生倾向于选择在线课程，因为他们可以按自己的节奏学习，并获取多样化的学习资料。 Students tend to choose online courses because they can learn at their own pace and access diverse learning materials. 4. 然而，过度依赖在线教育可能导致与师生互动不足，影响协作学习。 However, over-reliance on online education may lead to insufficient interaction with teachers and peers, which affects collaborative learning. 5. 在我看来，理想的学习模式应结合线上和线下教育的优势。 In my opinion, the ideal learning mode should combine the advantages of online and offline education. 6. 只有平衡线上和线下学习，学生才能最大限度地提升学业成绩。 Only by balancing online and offline learning can students maximize their academic progress. 7.有效教育的关键在于合理利用技术，同时保留面对面交流的价值。 The key to effective education lies in using technology appropriately while preserving the value of face-to-face communication. 【连句成篇】 Online education has become increasingly popular in recent years, and many students are thus attending fewer offline classes. Students prefer online education for several reasons. For one thing, it offers great flexibility — they can learn anytime and anywhere, which is especially convenient for those with busy schedules. For another, online platforms provide abundant resources, from video lectures to interactive exercises, allowing them to explore knowledge beyond the traditional curriculum. However, long-term over-reliance on online education may bring problems. Lack of face-to-face interaction with teachers makes it hard to get timely feedback, and limited communication with classmates weakens collaborative skills. Moreover, it requires strong self-discipline; otherwise, students may easily get distracted by other online content. In my view, the ideal learning mode is a combination of online and offline education. Offline classes can ensure real-time interaction and structured learning, while online resources can support self-paced review and in-depth exploration. This balance can help students achieve comprehensive development in both knowledge and skills. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$