内容正文:
Module 1知
识
归
纳
必记
单词
四会
there 那里; before 以前; now 现在;
park 公园; clock 钟
三会
house 房子; birds 鸟(bird 的复数); feed 喂
benches 长椅(bench 的复数);
常考
短语
feed the birds 喂鸟; look different 看起来不同;
two years ago 两年前; in the park 在公园里
必会
句型
1. 描述过去没有某物:There wasn't a + 单数名词 + 地点 + before.
There wasn't a clock here before. 以前这里没有钟。
2. 描述过去没有复数某物:There weren't any + 复数名词 + 地点 + before.
There weren't any benches here before. 以前这里没有长椅。
3. 描述现在有某物:There is a + 单数名词 + 地点 + now.
There is a clock now. 现在有一个钟。
4. 描述现在有复数某物:There are + 复数名词 + 地点 + now.
There are birds now. 现在有鸟。
5. 询问是否喜欢:Do you like...? 回答:Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
—Do you like the park now? 你现在喜欢这个公园吗?
—Yes, I do. 是的,我喜欢。
核心
语法
1. there be 句型的时态变化:
(1)现在时:单数用 There is...,复数用 There are...
(2)过去时(before):单数用 There wasn't...(=There was not...)
复数用 There weren't...(=There were not...)
2. 时间状语的使用:before 表示 “以前”,用于过去时;
now 表示 “现在”,用于现在时。
3. any 的用法:在否定句中修饰复数名词,如 There weren't any benches...
考
点
速
记
考点 01
There be句型的一般现在时
It's spring.l like spring.春天来了,我喜欢春天。
It's summer. l like summer.夏天到了,我喜欢夏天。
There be 句型的一般现在时是英语中用来表示 “某地 / 某时有某物 / 某人” 的常用结构,强调存在性。其核心特点是主语通常位于 be 动词之后,属于倒装结构。
一、基本结构
1. 肯定句:
There + be 动词(is/are)+ 主语(某物 / 某人)+ 地点 / 时间状语
(1) 当主语是单数名词或不可数名词时,be 动词用is。
例:There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。
There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。
(2) 当主语是复数名词时,be 动词用are。
例:There are three students in the classroom.教室里有三个学生。
2. 否定句:
在 be 动词后加not,即:There + be 动词 + not + 主语 + 状语
(1) 单数 / 不可数:There is not...(可缩写为 There isn't...)
例:There isn't a cat under the chair.椅子下面没有猫。
(2) 复数:There are not...(可缩写为 There aren't...)
例:There aren't any apples in the fridge.冰箱里没有苹果。
(注:否定句中常用any代替 some。)
3. 一般疑问句:(拓展)
将 be 动词提到句首,句尾加问号,即:Be 动词 + there + 主语 + 状语?
(1) 单数 / 不可数:Is there...?
例:Is there a park near here?(这附近有公园吗?)
肯定回答:Yes, there is.
否定回答:No, there isn't.
(2) 复数:Are there...?
例:Are there any books on the shelf?(书架上有书吗?)
肯定回答:Yes, there are.
否定回答:No, there aren't.
二、就近原则
当句中有两个或多个并列主语时,be 动词的形式由最靠近它的主语的单复数决定,即 “就近原则”。
例:There is a pen and two pencils in the box.盒子里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
(靠近 be 动词的 “a pen” 是单数,故用 is。)
例:There are two pencils and a pen in the box.盒子里有两支铅笔和一支钢笔。
(靠近 be 动词的 “two pencils” 是复数,故用 are。)
三、常见用法拓展
(1) 表示 “存在” 的具体位置:常用介词短语(in/on/under/near 等)作状语。
例:There is a bird in the tree.树上有一只鸟。
(2) 表示 “存在” 的数量:可结合数词、some/any/many/much 等词。
例:There are many people in the park.公园里有很多人。
(3) 不可数名词的表达:不可数名词前通常用 “some/a little/much” 等修饰,be 动词用 is。
例:There is a little milk in the glass.杯子里有一点牛奶。
提分练
一、单项选择(选择正确的 be 动词填空)
( )1.There ______ a dog in the garden.
A. is B. are
( )2.______ there any books on the desk?
A. Is B. Are
( )3.There ______ some water in the bottle.
A. is B. are
( )4.There ______ a pen and two rulers in the pencil-box.
A. is B. are
( )5.There ______ many students in the playground.
A. isn't B. aren't
二、句型转换(按要求改写句子)
1.There is a cat under the chair.(改为否定句)
________________________________________________________
2.There are some apples in the bag.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________
3.Is there a park near your home?(作肯定回答)
________________________________________________________
4.There are three birds in the tree.(改为否定句)
________________________________________________________
考点 02
There be句型的一般现在时
There weren't any benches here before.以前这里没有长椅。
There weren't any birds here before.以前这里没有鸟。
There be 句型的一般过去时用于表示 “过去某地 / 某时有某物 / 某人”,强调过去存在的状态。其结构和用法与一般现在时类似,但 be 动词需变为过去式(was/were),核心仍遵循 “就近原则”。
1. 肯定句
There was + 单数可数名词(表示 “过去有一个单数事物”)
There were + 复数名词(表示 “过去有多个事物”)
例如:There was a big mouse.过去有一只大老鼠。
There was a house.过去有一座房子。
There was a clock here before.以前这里有一个钟表。(“before” 提示过去时间)
2. 否定句
There wasn't + 单数可数名词(was not 的缩写,“过去没有单数事物”)
There weren't + 复数名词(were not 的缩写,“过去没有复数事物”)
例如:There wasn't a clock here before.以前这里没有一个钟表。
There weren't any benches here before.以前这里没有一些长椅。(否定句中 “一些” 用 any)
二、表示过去的时间状语
一般过去时需明确表示 “过去的时间”,常见时间状语有:
(1) 具体时间:yesterday(昨天)、last year(去年)、three days ago(三天前)等。
例:There was a party here last night.昨晚这里有一场派对。
(2) 模糊过去:before(以前)、in 2010(在 2010 年)等。
例:There were no computers in our school before.以前我们学校没有电脑。
提分练
一、单项选择(选择正确的 be 动词过去式)
( )1.There ______ a small house in the park two years ago.
A. was B. were C. is
( )2.______ there any benches here before?
A. Is B. Was C. Were
( )3.There ______ four eggs on the floor yesterday.
A. was B. were C. are
( )4.There ______ a clock and some birds in the park before.
A. wasn't B. weren't C. isn't
( )5.There ______ any mice in the cat's house now, but there ______ a big one two years ago.
A. aren't; was B. isn't; were C. weren't; was
二、用 was/were 填空(根据句意补全句子)
1.There ______ a big mouse in the pig's house two years ago.
2.There ______ no benches in the park before.
3.______ there a house here last year? Yes, there ______.
4.There ______ some birds in the tree yesterday, but now there ______ many more.
5.There ______ not a clock here before, but there ______ one now.
三、句型转换(按要求改写句子)
1.There was a house in the park.(改为否定句)
________________________________________________________
2.There were some eggs on the floor.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________
3.Were there any benches here before?(作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
4.There wasn't a mouse in the cat's house.(改为肯定句)
________________________________________________________
参考答案
考点01 There be句型的一般现在时
一、单项选择
1.A
解析:主语 “a dog” 是单数名词,There be 句型一般现在时中,单数主语搭配 be 动词 is。
2.B
解析:主语 “any books” 是复数名词,一般疑问句中 be 动词用 are,且置于句首。
3.A
解析:“water” 是不可数名词,不可数名词作主语时,be 动词用 is。
4.A
解析:句中有并列主语 “a pen and two rulers”,根据 “就近原则”,靠近 be 动词的 “a pen” 是单数,故用 is。
5.B
解析:主语 “many students” 是复数,否定句中 be 动词用 are + not(缩写为 aren't)。
二、句型转换
1.There isn't a cat under the chair.
解析:肯定句变否定句,在 be 动词 is 后加 not,缩写为 isn't。
2.Are there any apples in the bag?
解析:复数主语的肯定句变一般疑问句,将 are 提到句首,some 改为 any(疑问句中常用 any)。
3.Yes, there is.
解析:Is there...? 的肯定回答固定为 “Yes, there is.”。
4.There aren't three birds in the tree.
解析:复数主语的肯定句变否定句,在 are 后加 not,缩写为 aren't。
考点02 There be句型的一般过去时
一、单项选择
1.A(主语 “a small house” 是单数,过去式用 was)
2.C(主语 “benches” 是复数,过去式疑问句用 Were)
3.B(主语 “four eggs” 是复数,过去式用 were)
4.A(就近原则,“a clock” 是单数,否定式用 wasn't)
5.A(第一空 “mice” 复数用 aren't;第二空 “a big one” 单数过去式用 was)
二、用 was/were 填空
1.was(单数主语 “a big mouse”,过去式)
2.were(复数隐含主语 “benches”,过去式)
3.Was; was(单数主语 “a house”,过去式疑问句及肯定回答)
4.were; are(第一空过去式复数;第二空现在时复数)
5.was; is(第一空过去式单数否定;第二空现在时单数)
三、句型转换
1.There wasn't a house in the park.(在 was 后加 not,缩写为 wasn't)
2.Were there any eggs on the floor?(were 提前,some 变 any)
3.No, there weren't.(复数否定回答固定搭配)
4.There was a mouse in the cat's house.(去掉 not,还原肯定式)
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