课时作业(十) 必修第三册 Unit 2 Natural disasters（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（译林版）

课时作业(十)　必修第三册　Unit 2　Natural disasters 一、阅读理解 (2025·山东日照模拟)While it's impossible to predict just where the next wildfire will start，new Department of Defense­sponsored research from Brigham Young University's Fire Research Lab is getting into the microscopic details of how fires initiate to provide more insight into how wildfires burn through wildland fuels. For their experiments，fire expert Thomas H．Fletcher and co­authors loaded leaves of 14 plant species into the crucible(坩埚) of a thermo­gravimetric analyzer(热重分析仪) and slowly turned the heat up to 800 degrees Celsius.As they watched the leaves burn，they categorized the speed at which the plant broke down and the chemicals produced by the heat.They also compared the impact of two heat sources：convective (think of wind­driven fires) and radiative (from burning plant particles or flames). The research found that the chemistry of plants makes a big difference in how fast they break down before they start to burn.That's important to know because the type of plant found on a mountain hillside may help predict how a fire will burn and how quickly it might jump to another plant species. “Very detailed models that already exist take up to two weeks to run on very big computers and by that time，the fire has moved and it's not in the same place anymore，” Fletcher said.“We're aiming towards giving answers on how a fire might propagate in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks.” The studies are aimed at improving predictive models for both prescribed(有计划的) burns and unplanned wildfires.With wildfires costing the Forest Service and state agencies billions of dollars to control annually，any research that can help make fire management more efficient is a high priority. “With all we've done to research them，fires are still out of control，” Fletcher said.“Our model can't prevent a fire，but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts，it doesn't blow up into a huge，uncontrollable fire.” 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The research subjects. B．The research findings. C．The research procedures. D．The research objectives. 2．What does the research find about the chemistry of plants? A．It affects the speed of a fire. B．It is one of the causes of a fire. C．It breaks down quickly in a fire. D．It helps plants survive in a fire. 3．What does the underlined word “propagate” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Explode. B．Spread. C．Die down. D．Break out. 4．Why do the researchers develop the new model? A．To make the most out of wildfires. B．To control wildfires more efficiently. C．To predict the outbreak of wildfires. D．To prevent wildfires from happening. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究正在深入研究火灾是如何引发的微观细节，以提供更多关于野火如何通过荒地燃料燃烧的信息。 1．C　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段主要介绍了研究的具体步骤。故选C。 2．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，研究发现植物的化学成分影响其燃烧前的分解速度，进而影响火灾发生的速度。故选A。 3．B　[解析]词义猜测题。根据本段画线词所在句的上下文内容可推知，Fletcher的研究目的是在很短的时间内给出火灾如何扩散、蔓延的答案，确保模型的时效性，画线词意思应该是“传播，扩散”，与spread意思相近。故选B。 4．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Our model can't prevent a fire，but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts，it doesn't blow up into a huge，uncontrollable fire.”可知，研究者开发该新模型是为了更有效地控制野火。故选B。 二、七选五阅读 A future where insects make up a large part of the world's diet is on the horizon.Despite the unpleasant nature of such cuisine，insects have been considered a delicacy in some parts of world for centuries.Their being low­fat and high­protein makes them a perfect choice for reducing hunger.1. Animal protein from livestock(家畜)，such as cows and pigs，takes up 80 percent of the entire world's farmland，despite only making up less than one­fifth of calories consumed globally.2. Thus it would support a variety of biodiversity as nature intended. Insects such as grasshoppers，meal worms and crickets are packed full of protein with much higher vitamin levels than pork or beef.3. Greenhouse gas emissions through this process are also very little，with insect wastes making excellent fertilizer(肥料) for agricultural soil. It seems that insects are an ideal solution to many issues the world today is faced with.4. Urban areas of Asia，Europe and North America are most likely to associate insects with dirt instead of as a tasty meal. Times are changing.The European Union declared that meal worms were safe for human consumption.Cricket protein powder is also increasing greatly in popularity，with Canada rapidly becoming the largest market for the product. 5． As we explore our solar system，efficient means of producing animal­based proteins will become vital.None are more efficient space­wise than insects.And the colonies of the future could well find themselves enjoying fried crickets with a pint of beer while watching the Martian sunset. A.They also have a host of environmental benefits. B.Insects reproduce quickly and have high growth rates. C.Unlike agriculture，insects produce far fewer greenhouse gases. D．They require little space，water and technology to raise compared to livestock. E．However，making them a delicious cuisine can be a challenge in several cultures. F．By freeing up livestock space，huge expanses of land could be returned to nature. G．A future where insects will become invaluable to space exploration is also upcoming. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用昆虫制作美味佳肴的好处。昆虫的低脂肪和高蛋白使它们成为减少饥饿的完美选择，而且用昆虫制作美味佳肴还能带来许多环境效益。 1．A　[解析]上文“Despite the unpleasant nature of such cuisine，insects have been considered a delicacy in some parts of world for centuries.Their being low­fat and high­protein makes them a perfect choice for reducing hunger.(尽管这种美食令人不快，但昆虫在世界某些地区被视为美味佳肴已有几个世纪的历史。昆虫低脂肪、高蛋白的特点使其成为减少饥饿的完美选择。)”指出昆虫成为美味佳肴的原因，A项“它们还有许多环境效益”承接上文，继续描述昆虫成为美味佳肴的原因。故选A。 2．F　[解析]上文“Animal protein from livestock，such as cows and pigs，takes up 80 percent of the entire world's farmland，despite only making up less than one­fifth of calories consumed globally.(来自牛、猪等牲畜的动物蛋白占据了全世界80%的农田，尽管只占全球消耗热量的不到五分之一。)”指出牲畜占据了全世界80%的农田，F项“通过释放牲畜的空间，大片的土地可以回归自然”承接上文，指出释放这些空间会有好处。故选F。 3．D　[解析]上文“Insects such as grasshoppers，meal worms and crickets are packed full of protein with much higher vitamin levels than pork or beef.(蝗虫、粉虫和蟋蟀等昆虫富含蛋白质，维生素含量比猪肉或牛肉高得多。)”指出饲养昆虫的好处，即昆虫富含蛋白质，维生素含量比猪肉或牛肉高得多，下文“Greenhouse gas emissions through this process are also very little，with insect wastes making excellent fertilizer for agricultural soil.(昆虫养殖过程中产生的温室气体排放也少到几乎没有，昆虫的排泄物可以作为农业土壤的优质肥料。)”也是在讲饲养昆虫的好处。由此可知，空处也应围绕饲养昆虫的好处来写，D项“与畜牧业相比，它们需要很少的空间、水和技术来饲养。”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 4．E　[解析]上文“It seems that insects are an ideal solution to many issues the world today is faced with.(昆虫似乎是当今世界面临的许多问题的理想解决方案。)”指出用昆虫制作美味佳肴能解决许多问题，下文“Urban areas of Asia，Europe and North America are most likely to associate insects with dirt instead of as a tasty meal.(在亚洲、欧洲和北美的城市地区，人们更倾向于将昆虫与泥土联系在一起，而不是将其作为美味的一餐。)”指出有些地区不用昆虫来做美味佳肴。由此可知，E项“然而，在不同的文化中，用昆虫做出美味的菜肴是一个挑战”和上文是转折关系，且下文具体说明了E项内容。故选E。 5．G　[解析]下文“As we explore our solar system，efficient means of producing animal­based proteins will become vital.None are more efficient space­wise than insects.(随着我们对太阳系的探索，高效生产动物蛋白质的方法将变得至关重要。在空间利用方面，没有什么比昆虫更有效率。)”指出昆虫在太空探索方面发挥的作用。由此可知，G项“昆虫将成为太空探索无价之宝的未来也即将到来”引起下文，符合语境。故选G。 三、完形填空 Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year. 1 ，the little scientist requested cold­water waders(高筒靴) so that she could hunt for fossils(化石). Molly 2 with her father and sister to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach on the early morning.Molly's father，Bruce Sampson，has always been into fossil 3 ，and his daughters share his 4 ． Molly has got an impressive collection of more than 40 5 over the years.These fossils range from modern­day shark teeth to far 6 items，like megalodon(巨齿鲨) teeth.Molly herself has found megalodon 7 before，but on this day，she found one of the largest ones ever 8 ．She was standing in knee­deep water when she first saw the tooth. “I saw something 9 ，and it looked like a shark tooth，” she 10 ．“We were about knee­deep in the water.” Molly reached for the tooth，but it was so big that she 11 to take it out of the water.She felt “amazed” when she finally pulled it above the 12 and saw its size. Now Molly is more 13 than ever to pursue a career in paleontology(古生物学) someday.Her mother Alicia Sampson says she hopes other girls will see Molly's story and become 14 to get outdoors and study science，too.“We really want other kids to get excited about being outside，” said Alicia.This amazing find is a nicer 15 for this little young scientist's new year. 1．A.Therefore B．Instead C．Besides D．However 2．A.broke up B．kept up C．set out D．found out 3．A.stealing B．crying C．escaping D．hunting 4．A.doubt B．regret C．passion D．happiness 5．A.items B．books C．weeks D．places 6．A.younger B．cleaner C．older D．uglier 7．A.nose B．teeth C．hair D．ear 8．A.discovered B．created C．hoped D．lost 9．A.big B．light C．heavy D．small 10．A.screamed B．worried C．recalled D．jumped 11．A.ran B．smiled C．hurried D．struggled 12．A.earth B．water C．house D．car 13．A.shy B．excited C．humorous D．afraid 14．A.frightened B．forced C．surprised D．inspired 15．A.news B．promise C．wish D．gift [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。小女孩莫莉受父亲的影响，喜欢上寻找化石，并成功找到了一个迄今为止她所有收藏中最大的巨齿鲨牙齿化石。这不仅是她的新年礼物，更坚定了她从事古生物学职业的决心。 1．B　[解析]句意：相反，这位小科学家要求一双高筒靴，这样她就可以寻找化石了。A.Therefore因此；B.Instead相反；C.Besides此外；D.However然而。根据上文“Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year.”可知，Molly Sampson没有要新年礼物，相反要了一双高筒靴。故选B。 2．C　[解析]句意：一大早，莫莉和她的父亲和妹妹一起出发，前往卡尔弗特海滩上他们最喜欢的地方。A.broke up破裂；B.kept up保持；C.set out出发；D.found out查明。根据to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach可知，他们出发去了喜欢的地方。故选C。 3．D　[解析]句意：莫莉的父亲布鲁斯·桑普森一直热衷于寻找化石，他的女儿们也和他一样热衷。A.stealing偷盗；B.crying哭泣；C.escaping逃跑；D.hunting寻找。根据上文she could hunt for fossils可知，此处是指寻找化石。故选D。 4．C　[解析]句意见上题解析。A.doubt怀疑；B.regret遗憾；C.passion热情；D.happiness幸福。根据“has always been into fossil 3 ”可知，Bruce Sampson热衷于寻找化石，而孩子们和他一样具有热情，也喜欢上了寻找化石。故选C。 5．A　[解析]句意：莫莉多年来收集了40多件物品，令人印象深刻。A.items物品；B.books书；C.weeks周；D.places地方。根据an impressive collection of可知，此处是指收藏的物品。第6小题后的items也是提示。故选A。 6．C　[解析]句意：这些化石从现代的鲨鱼牙齿到更古老的牙齿，比如巨齿鲨的牙齿。A.younger更年轻的；B.cleaner更干净的；C.older更古老的；D.uglier更丑陋的。呼应上文modern­day，此处是指更古老的化石。故选C。 7．B　[解析]句意：莫莉自己以前也发现过巨齿鲨的牙齿，但在这一天，她发现了有史以来最大的牙齿之一。A.nose鼻子；B.teeth牙齿；C.hair头发；D.ear耳朵。根据下文“She was standing in knee­deep water when she first saw the tooth.”可知，此处是指巨齿鲨牙齿化石。故选B。 8．A　[解析]句意见上题解析。A.discovered发现；B.created创造；C.hoped希望；D.lost失去。根据上文语境及but可知，此处是指有史以来被发现过的最大的巨齿鲨牙齿化石之一。故选A。 9．A　[解析]句意：“我看到了一个大东西，它看起来像一颗鲨鱼的牙齿。”她回忆道。A.big大的；B.light轻的；C.heavy重的；D.small小的。根据下文but it was so big可知，巨齿鲨的牙齿化石很大。故选A。 10．C　[解析]句意见上题解析。A.screamed尖叫；B.worried担心；C.recalled回忆；D.jumped跳。结合语境可知，这是莫莉在回忆发现巨齿鲨牙齿化石的场景。故选C。 11．D　[解析]句意：莫莉伸手去抓那颗牙齿，但它太大了以至于她挣扎着把它从水中拿出来。A.ran跑；B.smiled微笑；C.hurried匆忙；D.struggled挣扎。根据it was so big可知，牙齿化石很大，小女孩要挣扎着才能把它拖出水面。故选D。 12．B　[解析]句意：当她终于把它拉到水面上，看到它的大小时，她感到很“惊讶”。A.earth泥土；B.water水；C.house房屋；D.car小车。根据上文“We were about knee­deep in the water.”和此处saw its size可知，牙齿化石被拖出了水面。故选B。 13．B　[解析]句意：现在，莫莉比以往任何时候都更兴奋有一天能从事古生物学的职业。A.shy害羞的；B.excited兴奋的；C.humorous幽默的；D.afraid害怕的。结合上文讲述莫莉发现一个巨大的鲨鱼牙齿化石推知，她此时比任何时候都兴奋有一天能从事古生物学的职业。故选B。 14．D　[解析]句意：她母亲艾丽西亚·桑普森说，她希望其他女孩也能看到莫莉的故事，并受到启发，去户外学习科学。A.frightened使……害怕；B.forced强迫；C.surprised使……惊讶；D.inspired启发。结合语境和to get outdoors and study science可知，此处指莫莉的妈妈希望莫莉的故事能启发其他孩子学习科学。故选D。 15．D　[解析]句意：这一惊人的发现是送给这位年轻科学家的新年礼物。A.news新闻；B.promise诺言；C.wish愿望；D.gift礼物。呼应第一段“Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year.”可知，这次发现对于小女孩来说是最好的新年礼物。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$