【同步100分背默】Unit1 Look it up!-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册同步知识背默（沪教版2024）

【同步100分背默】Unit1 Look it up! 知识清单 一．词句背默 重点 单词 1. __________/'daɪnəsɔː(r)/ n. 恐龙 2. __________/ɪn'telɪdʒənt/ adj. 有才智的；聪明的 3. __________/'tæləntɪd/ adj. 有才能的；天才的 4. __________ /ɑː'tɪstɪk/ adj. 有艺术天赋的；（尤指）有美术才能的 5. __________ /pə'hæps/ adv. 可能；大概；也许 6. __________/'nəʊtbʊk/ n. 笔记本 7. __________/'viːəkl/ n. 交通工具；车辆 8. __________/ˌpriːhɪ'stɒrɪk/ adj. 史前的 9. __________/kəm'pliːtli/ adv. 完全地；彻底地 10. __________ /ə'rɪdʒənl/ adj. 原来的；起初的 11. __________ /bɜːθ/ n. 出生 12. __________/'sʌfərɪŋ/ n. 苦难；疼痛 13. __________/'ɑːtɪst/ n. 艺术家；（尤指）画家 14. __________/piːs/ n. （音乐作品的）一首 15. __________ /deθ/ n. 死；死亡 16. __________ /həʊl/ adj. 全部的；所有的 17. __________ /'edɪtə(r)/ n. （书籍的）编辑 18. __________/'ɔːɡənaɪz/ v. 安排；组织 19. __________ /'ɔːdə(r)/ n. 顺序 20. __________ /rɪ'kɔːd/ v. 记录 词汇 拓展 1. intelligent（名词，“智力；才智”）→ __________ 2. talented（名词，“天赋；才能”）→ __________ 3. artistic（名词，“艺术；美术”）→ __________ 4. completely（形容词，“完全的；彻底的”）→ __________ 5. original（名词，“起源；原件”）→ __________ 6. organize（名词，“组织；安排”）→ __________ 重点 短语 1.a __________of 一种 2.be __________to与......属于同意种类 3.general __________通识教育 4.go __________a long way 历史悠久 5.be __________to与……相似 6.alphabetical __________字母顺序 7.play an important __________起到重要作用 重点 句子 1. 恐龙是一种史前动物。 Dinosaurs are __________ __________ prehistoric animals. 2. 他是个有艺术天赋的孩子，也许会成为优秀画家。 He is an __________ child and __________ he will become a great artist. 3. 这种古老的文化历史悠久。 This ancient culture __________ __________ a long way. 4. 这些动物因为环境变化而灭绝了。 These animals __________ __________ because of environmental changes. 5. 编辑把资料按字母顺序整理好了。 The editor organized the materials in __________ __________. 一．1.dinosaur 2.intelligent3.talented 4.artistic 5.perhaps6.notebook7.vehicle8.prehistoric9.completely 10.original11.birth12.suffering13.artist14.piece 15.death16.whole17.editor18.organize19.order20.record 二1.intelligence 2. talent 3. art 4. complete 5. origin 6. organization 三．1.a type of2.be related to3.general education4.go back a long way5.be similar to6.alphabetical order 7.play an important role 四．1. a type of 2. artistic；perhaps 3. goes back 4. died out 5. alphabetical order 二．课文背默 Reading Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) was an Italian painter, i 1 , musician, engineer and s 2 . Da Vinci was e 3 intelligent, and he was unusually t 4 in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we t 5 about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he showed great i 6 and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very f 7 , and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks i 8 some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. They are r 9 to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the a 10 of today's birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word "dinosaur" comes from two Greek words, and it means "terrible lizard". Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on e 11 two or four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and o 12 were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 m 13 years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly d 14 out. Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by s 15 their fossils. 1.inventor 2.scientist3.extremely 4.talented5.think 6.intelligence7.famous 8.include 9.related 10.ancestors 11.either 12.others 13.million 14.died 15.studying 列奥纳多・达・芬奇 列奥纳多・达・芬奇（1452 - 1519）是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。 达・芬奇极其聪慧，在诸多不同领域都有着非凡的天赋。他是真正的天才，其画作与发明改变了我们对艺术和科学的认知方式。 列奥纳多・达・芬奇出生于意大利的乡村。自幼，他就展现出极高的智慧与艺术天赋。随着年龄增长，他学会了做许多不同的事。他的画作声名远扬，其中《蒙娜丽莎》或许是世界上最负盛名的画作。他还有诸多发明，比如，他的笔记里就有一些关于飞行器和其他交通工具的有趣绘图。 恐龙 恐龙是一种史前动物。它们与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴有亲缘关系，也是当今鸟类的祖先。恐龙最早出现在约 2.45 亿年前。“dinosaur（恐龙）” 一词源自两个希腊词，意为 “可怕的蜥蜴” 。 恐龙生活在陆地上，靠两条或四条腿行走。很多恐龙以植物为食，但也有一些吃肉。恐龙大小各异，有的和鸡一样小，有的则像十头大象一样大。 恐龙统治地球超过 1.8 亿年。约 6600 万年前，恐龙突然灭绝。科学家们尚未完全弄清原因，但正通过研究恐龙化石，对它们有越来越多的了解 。 三．知识背默 1.artist的用法 用法分析 artist艺术家，是名词art（艺术）加后缀-ist组成。 他想成为一名艺术家。He wants to be an artist. 考点拓展（1）名词或动词加“-er”（以e结尾直接加-r），就变成了表示人的名词，如 singer歌手，teacher教师，driver司机。 （2）加“-or”，多数是地位较高或从历史上看较高，如：doctor博士/医生，visitor访问者/参观者，inventor发明家。 （3）加“-ist”多数情况下表示事业有成或较为特殊的人，如：physicist物理学家， dentist牙医，violinist小提琴手。 （4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，应先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er，如：run→runner跑步者，win→winner获胜者。 中考链接 根据汉语提示完成句子 Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics were a group of___artists___（艺术家） who created their own style. 2.useful的用法 用法分析 useful是形容词，意为“有用的，有益的”，在句中做定语或表语。 它们是有用的字典。They are useful dictionaries. 这本书很有用。The book is useful. 注意 useful的发音以辅音音素开头，当与不定冠词连用时，应用a。 This is a useful lesson.这是一个有用的教训。 考点拓展 useful是由“动词use+-ful（形容词后缀）”构成的，类似的词还有helpful,thankful,careful,hopeful等。 中考链接 —What___B___ useful book it is！ —Yeah,it tells you how to play the guitar. A.an B.a C.the D./ 三．painter, inventor, engineer 动词后加后缀-er/ -or构成一种职业。 eg:teach 教-- teacher 教师           sing唱-- singer 歌唱家 visit参观-- visitor 参观者        invent发明-- inventor 发明家 paint 画画 → painter 画家 invent 发明 → inventor 发明家（invention发明物） music 音乐 → musician 音乐家 engine引擎 → engineer 工程师 science科学 → scientist 科学家 collect 收集 → collector 收藏家（collection收藏品） 四．look up的用法 用法解析 look up 查阅 【代词放中间，名词可中后】 如：look it up 或look the word up = look up the word 查阅单词 拓展：look into 调查， look out 小心， look through浏览， look down upon俯视，看不起，look out of...往外看 五．famous的用法 用法解析 1.famous出名的= well-known 2.be famous for 由于...(事物)而出名 be famous as 作为...(事物)而出名 六．million百万的用法 用法解析 1.与具体的数字连用时，不加s ，后面直接接复数名词。 There are about two thousand students in this school. 2.固定短语：millions of几百万（hundred, thousand, billion和million的用法相同） Millions of people help them in different ways. 七．As.....as  与.....一样......的用法 用法解析 1.当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“ as + 形容词/副词原级+as”结构， 表示“（A和B）一样”...... This tree is as tall as that one. 2.比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构， 表示“A不如B....” Our school is not as big as yours. as+adj(原级)+as 和...一样 I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 not as+adj(原级)+as 不如... He is not as strong as you. 他不如你强壮 as many+可数名词+as 和...一样多 I have as many books as you (do) 我的书和你的一样多 as much+不可数名词+as 和...一样多 Drink as much juice as you want. 你想喝多少果汁就喝多少。 八. include v.包括，包含 （1）include接动词的话，要接doing sth： Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone.你的职责是打信件和接电话。 （2）include A in/on B把A列入B的一部分，把A算入B： You should include some examples in your article.你应该在文章里举一些例子。 （3）常用including的形式，引出需要罗列的宾语： Hundreds were killed, including many women and children.数百人被杀，包括许多妇女和儿童。 词性转换：inclusion n.包含；内含物；inclusive adj.包括的，包含的 反义词：exclude v.不包括，排除 九. relation n.关系；亲属 关联词组：in relation to关于；涉及；public relation公共关系；international relation国际关系 用法： （1）通常以复数形式relations出现，表示“（人、国家、组织等之间的）关系”，可与介词with或between搭配使用。例如： Relations between the two countries have improved recently. 最近两国关系有所改善。 （2）表示“（事物之间的）联系”，常接between这个介词。例如： the relation between prices and wages 物价和工资之间的联系 （3）表示“家人、亲戚”。例如： We have relations in Canada and Scotland. 我们在加拿大和苏格兰都有亲戚。 词性转换：related adj.有关系的，有关联的；relative adj.相对的；n.亲戚 易混单词：relationship n.关系：relation侧重形式上的关联，而 relationship却侧重密切的交往。例如： John's relation with Mary is father and daughter.约翰和玛丽是父女关系。 John's relationship with Mary has improved.约翰和玛丽的关系已改善了。 十．however “然而，但是”的用法 用法解析 however 然而 一般位于句首，能单独使用 He likes music. However, his wife doesn’t. but 但是 位于分句的句首，不能单独使用 He likes music, but his wife doesn’t. 例：However,this does not always happen. 十一．other做形容词，意为“别的，其他的” 用法分析other做形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，其后可接可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。 你有别的爱好吗？Do you have other hobbies？ 我没有任何其他时间。I don't have any other time. 考点辨析 the other,another,others,the others the other 意为“其他，另一个”，指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one...the other...（一个……另一个……）。 another 可做代词或限定词，意为“又一个（的），再一个（的）”，泛指三个或三个以上同类中的另一个。 others 意为“其他的人或事物”，表示泛指，做代词，其后不加名词。 the others 表示特指，指在一定范围内除去某些后剩下的全部。 She has two sons.One is in Beijing,and the other is in Shanghai.她有两个儿子。一个在北京，另一个在上海。 I don't like this one.Please show me another one.我不喜欢这个。请给我看另一个。 We should help others.我们应该帮助他人。 There are ten pens here.Two are red,and the others are black.这里有十支钢笔。两支是红色的，其余的是黑色的。 中考链接Catherine has two cousins.One is quiet,and___B___is noisy. A.another B.the other C.other D.others 十二．appear的用法 用法分析 appear是动词，意为“出现”。反义词：disappear消失。 天空中出现了一架飞机。A plane appeared in the sky. 考点拓展 appearance名词“出现；露面；外表”。 中考链接 -Jack, the Maldives（马尔代夫）may ___D___ because of the rising sea levels. -God！We must do something to stop that happening. A. rise B. move C. grow D. disappear 十三．accept的用法 用法分析 accept动词，意为“接受（建议、邀请等）”，可接名词或代词做宾语，但不可接不定式。 他接受了朋友的礼物。He accepted a present from his friend. 考点辨析 accept，receive accept 表示主动而且高兴地接受。 receive 表示被动地收到，但不一定接受。 注意 表示“接受礼物”，用动词accept不用receive，但是表示“受教育”，用动词receive而不用accept。 A child receives its early education at home.幼儿在家接受早期教育。 He was fortunate enough to receive a college education.他有幸受过大学教育。 中考链接 I didn't mean to trouble Curry yesterday. It was pouring with rain so I ___D___ his offer of a lift. A. refused B. received C. allowed D. accepted 十四.die的用法 用法分析die是动词“死，死亡”，现在分词为dying。其形容词为dead“死的，无生命的”；名词为death“死，死亡”。 这些花枯萎了。他两年前死的。He died two years ago. These flowers are dead. 我们获悉你父亲去世，非常难过。We're sorry to hear of your father's death. 中考特殊考点 die是非延续性动词，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表达“死了多长时间”，用“have /has been dead for+时间”或“died+时间段+ago” His father has been dead for ten years. =His father died ten years ago.他父亲已经去世十年了。 中考链接 His grandmother ___C___ for 6 years. And he still misses her very much. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 十五．order的用法 用法分析order n.＆v.点菜。take one's order点菜。 先生，可以点菜了吗？May I take your order,sir？ 考点拓展（1）order v.订购；订货。order sth.for sb.=order sb.sth.为某人订购某物； order sth. From...从……订购某物。 Could you please order lunch for me？你能为我订午餐吗？ I ordered some clothes from that shop.我从那家商店订购了一些衣服。 （2）order v.命令。order sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事。 The policeman ordered me to park my car there.警察命令我把车停在那边。 中考链接 —___A___？ —Yes, I'd like some beef noodles. A.May I take your order B.May I borrow your ruler C.What club do you want to join D.What size would you like 十六．either...or...，意为“要么……要么……；或者……或者………” 用法分折 either...or...，意为“要么……要么……；或者……或者………”，本短语常连接两个性质相同的词或短语。 你要么马上走，要么等到明天。You must either go at once or wait till tomorrow. 不是这星期就是下星期我们就可完成这项工作。 We can finish the work either this week or next week. 中考特殊考点 Either...or...，连接两个成分做主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致（即就近原则）。 Either he or you are right.要么他对，要么你对。 考点辨析 either,neither,both either （两者中的）任何一个 常用结构：either...or...或者……或者…… 谓语动词用就近原则 neither 两者都不 常用结构：neither... nor...既不……也不…… 谓语动词用就近原则 两者都 常用结构：both... and...两者都…… 谓语动词应为复数形式 Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那儿，要么我去。 Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 Both John and Mike are good at swimming.约翰和迈克都擅长游泳。 小提示 either所修饰的名词用单数，neither所修饰的名词用单数，both修饰的名词用复数。 Either movie is interesting.两部电影任何一部都有趣。 Neither movie is interesting.两部电影都没有趣。 Both movies are interesting.两部电影都有趣。 中考链接 —How do you like the two pairs of shoes？ —They don't fit me.They are___C___ too big______ too small. A.not only；but also B.neither；nor C.either；or 十七．develop的用法 用法分析 develop做动词，意为“发展；使开发；培育”。develop 的名词形式为development，意为“发展；开发”，为不可数名词。 志愿活动既是一个帮助他人的机会，也是一个发展自我的好方式。Volunteering is both a chance to help others and a gcod way to develop ourselves. 考点拓展 developed adj.发达的；developing adj.发展中的。 中考链接 Now more and more schools care for the full ___A___ of the students’ talents. A. development B. agreement C. preparation 十八. achieve vt. 取得；获得；实现；成功vi. 达到预期的目的，实现预期的结果 关联词组：achieve success取得成功 词性转换：achievement n.成就 People who learn well will achieve their dreams more easily. 十九、anything的用法 用法分析 anything是不定代词“任何东西；任何事物”，用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。 如果把眼睛闭上，你就什么也看不见了。 If you close your eyes,you can't see anything. 考点拓展 something“某事，某物”，用于肯定句； nothing“没什么；没什么东西”，相当于not anything；everything“每件事物；最重要的东西”。以上不定代词做主语，谓语用第三人称单数。 Let me in.I have something important to tell you.让我进去。我有要事告诉你。 There is nothing in the box.盒子里什么也没有。 Everything begins to grow in spring.春天万物开始生长。 中考特殊考点（1）在表示请求、征询某人建议的疑问句中，希望得到对方的肯定回答用 something，不用 anything。 你想喝点什么吗？—Would you like something to drink？ 好的。—Yes,please. （2）形容词修饰不定代词 anything/something等时，形容词后置。 Did you hear anything interesting there？你在那儿听到什么有趣的事了吗？ 中考链接 —Did you find___C___ funny in the book？ —Yes.It talks about how to be a good kid. A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything 二十.win的用法 考点辨析 win，beat “赢”得不一样 Win winner n.获胜者 “赢，获得”，后接（比赛、战斗、辩论、奖品、钱等）事或物 beat （比赛、战斗、辩论的对“打败，战胜”，后接 对手）人或集体 注意 win和beat有讲究，打败某人找beat，赢得比赛要找win。“接人待物”区分好，胜利其实很容易。 考题预测 –Who ___D___ the football match yesterday？ -Our class ______ all the other teams. A. beat；won B. won；won C. beat；beat D. won；beat 四．语法背默 一、any & some和复合不定代词 1. some ①some 意为“一些”，常用于肯定句，指不确定的数量或数目，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词 I have some questions to ask. 我要问一些问题 There is some water in the bottle 瓶子里有一些水 ②在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答、想要鼓励对方或表达请求、建议时，也可以用some Would you like some banana? 你想要些香蕉吗？ Could you give me some money? 你能给我一些钱吗？ 2. any ①意为“一些”时，用于否定句或一般疑问句。 ※注意：hardly, never, seldom等具有否定意义的词后面要用any ---Have you any bookmarks? 你有书签吗？ ---No, I don’t have any bookmarks 不，我没有 I hardly had any time to have a rest 我几乎没有时间休息 ②any用于肯定句时，通常要重读，意为“任何”，修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词 Any time you want me, just send for me什么时候你需要我，随时叫我来 Come any day you like只要你喜欢，随时可以来 二、复合不定代词 1.常用复合不定代词 something某事物 somebody某人 someone某人 anything某事/任何事 anybody某人/任何人 anyone某人/任何人 everything每件事物 everybody每个人 everyone任何人 nothing没有东西 nobody没有人 no one没有人 2. 复合不定代词用法 ①复合不定代词后面的动词用第三人称单数形式 There is someone on the phone for you有人给你打电话 Everyone is busy and can not go to the party每个人都忙而不能去参加聚会 ②形容词或不定式修饰复合不定代词something, anything, nothing等时，通常要放在不定代词的后面 something important某件重要的事 anything interesting任何有趣的事 nothing exciting没有令人兴奋的事 Is there anything important in today’s paper? 今天报上有什么重要的消息吗？ ③当主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody, nobody, anybody等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词they, 在正式文体中也可以用he Everyone is here, aren’t they / isn’t he? 每个人都到了，是吗？ 当主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything, something, anything, nothing等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词it Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切准备好了，是吗？ ④与no-构成的复合不定代词本身就是否定意义，所以一定要与肯定的动词连用 Nobody likes to get into trouble没有谁愿意惹麻烦 not与由every-构成的复合不定代词是部分否定，意为“并非都；不都” I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with everything 我同意你所说的大部分，但不是全部 3.复合不定代词辨析 ①somebody / someone / something 用于肯定句 There is somebody / someone waiting outside外面有人在等你 There is something wrong with my bike我的自行车出了点毛病 在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答、想要鼓励对方给予肯定答复或表达请求、建议时，也可以用 Can somebody / someone help me? 有人能帮我吗？ Do you want something to drink? = Would you like something to drink? 你想来点喝的吗？ ②anybody / anyone / anything 用于否定句或一般疑问句。注意：当肯定句中有hardly, never, seldom等具有否定意义的词时，要使用anybody, anyone或anything Did anybody come here while I was away? 当我离开时有人来这儿吗？ He doesn’t like anything I do or say他不喜欢我做得或说得任何事 He can hardly see anything before the operation在手术前他几乎看不到任何东西 Hardly anybody came to the meeting几乎没人来参加会议 ③nobody / no one / nothing 用于句中表示否定意义。nobody = not anybody nothing = not anything 注意：如果需要用一个否定词来做句子的开头，那么就必须用nothing / nobody / no one,而不能用not…anything / anyone / anybody I saw nobody / no one / nothing = I didn’t see anybody / anyone / anything 我没看到人/东西 随堂训练 一. 用some或any填空 1. There are _______________ pencils here, but there aren’t _______________ rubbers here. 2. Does John have _______________ brothers or sisters? 3. They don’t have _______________ time to finish the job. 4. Would you like _______________ water? 5. Can I ask _______________ questions? 6.There are many story books,you can choose _______________ one. 1. some. any 2. any 3. any 4. some 5. some 6. any 二．.选用some或any 填空 1.Peter didn’t eat 　　　food because he’s ill.  2.—Would you like 　　　tea? —No, I’d like 　　　water.  3.Do we need to buy 　　　tomatoes?  4.—Is there 　　　orange juice in the fridge?  —No, there isn’t 　　　orange juice in the fridge. We need to buy 　　　.  1.any　2.some;some　3.some　4.any;any;some 三. 用适合的复合不定代词填空 1. The girl was too shy. She didn’t talk to _______________ that night. 2. This is a secret. You mustn’t tell _______________. 3. At first, it was very quiet. Later, _______________ began to cough. 4. The question was so difficult that _______________ could answer it. 5. The foreigner was shouting. But _______________ knew what he was talking about. 6. What’s on TV tonight? Is there _______________ interesting? 7. Can I have _______________ to drink, please? 8. These questions are too difficult. I think _______________ can answer them. 9. Kitty is sitting alone. She isn’t with _______________. 10. You can buy a lot of things with money, but not _______________. 1. anyone/anybody 2. anyone/anybody 3. someone/somebody 4. no one/nobody 5. no one/nobody 6. anything 7. something 8. no one/nobody 9. anyone/anybody 10. everything 四.用复合不定代词填空 1.I didn’t see 　　　on the floor. What about you?  2.Listen! 　　　is knocking at the door.   3.—Is there 　　　waiting for us in front of the gate? —No, there is 　　　.  4.　　　 is difficult if you put your heart into it.  1.anything　2.Someone/Somebody 3.anyone/anybody;nobody/no one　4.Nothing 五.单项选择 1.Is there 　　　bread in the kitchen? A.any B.some C.many D.a 2.—After a long walk, I am so thirsty, but there isn’t 　　　water here. Could you get 　　　for me?  —With pleasure! A.some;some B.any;any C.some;any D.any;some 3.Learning is a lifelong journey, for it brings us　　　 new every day. A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.something 4.I always believe that there isn’t 　　　difficult if we set our mind to it.  A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 1.A　句意:厨房里有面包吗? 肯定句中通常用some,any多用在否定句和疑问句中。 故选A。 2.D　句意:——走了很长一段路后,我很渴,但是这儿没水。你能给我取一些吗?——非常乐意!否定句中通常用any; “Could you...?”表示委婉客气的请求并希望得到对方的肯定回答,应用some。所以第一空用any,第二空用some。故选D。 3.D　考查复合不定代词辨析。由“学习是终身的旅程”可知,它每天带给我们新的东西。肯定句中通常用something,故选D。 4.B　考查复合不定代词辨析。由条件状语从句“如果我们下定决心去做它”可知, 此处应表达“没有什么困难的事情”。句中已有否定词not, 故选B。 五．写作背默 本单元的主题是“百科全书”,写作任务是创作一个百科词条介绍一位名人。常见的写作话题有:①介绍著名的科学家、艺术家、运动员等的基本信息;②介绍名人的生平事迹。 　　中考书面表达中和该话题有关的命题形式有很多,通常以说明文或应用文的形式出现,常见的应用文类型有回复邮件或信件、给校报或网站投稿、根据思维导图或表格内容介绍人物。 写作实例 　　请根据提示以“Madame Curie”为题,写一篇80—100词的英语短文。 　　内容: 1.居里夫人(1867—1934)是世界闻名的科学家; 2.她从小就酷爱读书,16岁中学毕业,24岁赴法国巴黎(Paris)的大学学习。在学校时,她学习刻苦努力; 3.她一生致力于科学研究,于1903年、1911年分别获得诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖(the Nobel Prize in Physics/Chemistry); 4.她作为一名伟大的女性将永远被人们铭记。 审题指导 1.体裁:说明文    2.时态:以一般过去时为主    3.人称:以第三人称为主 4.必备词句:（1）all over the world 全世界　（2）at the age of... 在……岁时　（3）devote one’s entire life to 一生致力于（4）the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖（5）achieve such success 取得这样的成功（6）Madame Curie will always be remembered as a great woman.人们将永远铭记居里夫人是一位伟大的女性。（7）find out 查明　（8）work on 从事　（9）give up 放弃　（10）not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… （11）be afraid of... 害怕……（12）He is known as the Father of Modern Biology. 他被誉为现代生物学之父。 （12）He set a good example for them and often communicated with them.他为他们树立了好榜样,并经常与他们交流。 写作模版 优秀范文 Madame Curie 　　Madam Curie was a well-known scientist all over the world. She was born in 1867 and passed away in 1934. She loved reading books when she was a young child. She finished middle school at the age of 16. When she was 24 years old, she left for Paris to study at a university. While at school, she lived a simple life and studied very hard. Madame Curie devoted her entire life to studying science. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and in Chemistry in 1911. 　　I think it was not easy for a woman to achieve such success. Madame Curie will always be remembered as a great woman. 随堂训练 假如你是李华,请根据以下提示,用英文写一篇关于我国著名女科学家屠呦呦的短文并谈谈你的感受。 　　1.屠呦呦1930年出生在宁波,她因发现青蒿素而闻名; 2.青蒿素能有效对抗疟疾——一种很严重的疾病; 3.历经190次失败后,她在中草药中发现了青蒿素,这种药拯救了数百万人的生命; 4.2015年,她获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖;5.你认为…… 　　参考词汇:草药herb;青蒿素qinghaosu;疟疾malaria;有效地effectively;对抗fight;诺贝尔生理学或医学奖the Nobel Prize inPhysiology or Medicine 　　要求:词数为80—100(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。 Tu Youyou is a well-known woman scientist from China.She was born in Ningbo in 1930. She is famous for discovering qinghaosu. It can effectively fight malaria—a very serious disease. After 190 failures, she finally found it in Chinese herbs. The medicine has saved a lot of lives. In 2015, she became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in China.     I think she is one of the greatest scientists in China because her discovery is good for human health. I think we should learn from her.     7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【同步100分背默】Unit1 Look it up! 知识清单 一．词句背默 重点 单词 1. __________/'daɪnəsɔː(r)/ n. 恐龙 2. __________/ɪn'telɪdʒənt/ adj. 有才智的；聪明的 3. __________/'tæləntɪd/ adj. 有才能的；天才的 4. __________ /ɑː'tɪstɪk/ adj. 有艺术天赋的；（尤指）有美术才能的 5. __________ /pə'hæps/ adv. 可能；大概；也许 6. __________/'nəʊtbʊk/ n. 笔记本 7. __________/'viːəkl/ n. 交通工具；车辆 8. __________/ˌpriːhɪ'stɒrɪk/ adj. 史前的 9. __________/kəm'pliːtli/ adv. 完全地；彻底地 10. __________ /ə'rɪdʒənl/ adj. 原来的；起初的 11. __________ /bɜːθ/ n. 出生 12. __________/'sʌfərɪŋ/ n. 苦难；疼痛 13. __________/'ɑːtɪst/ n. 艺术家；（尤指）画家 14. __________/piːs/ n. （音乐作品的）一首 15. __________ /deθ/ n. 死；死亡 16. __________ /həʊl/ adj. 全部的；所有的 17. __________ /'edɪtə(r)/ n. （书籍的）编辑 18. __________/'ɔːɡənaɪz/ v. 安排；组织 19. __________ /'ɔːdə(r)/ n. 顺序 20. __________ /rɪ'kɔːd/ v. 记录 词汇 拓展 1. intelligent（名词，“智力；才智”）→ __________ 2. talented（名词，“天赋；才能”）→ __________ 3. artistic（名词，“艺术；美术”）→ __________ 4. completely（形容词，“完全的；彻底的”）→ __________ 5. original（名词，“起源；原件”）→ __________ 6. organize（名词，“组织；安排”）→ __________ 重点 短语 1.a __________of 一种 2.be __________to与......属于同意种类 3.general __________通识教育 4.go __________a long way 历史悠久 5.be __________to与……相似 6.alphabetical __________字母顺序 7.play an important __________起到重要作用 重点 句子 1. 恐龙是一种史前动物。 Dinosaurs are __________ __________ prehistoric animals. 2. 他是个有艺术天赋的孩子，也许会成为优秀画家。 He is an __________ child and __________ he will become a great artist. 3. 这种古老的文化历史悠久。 This ancient culture __________ __________ a long way. 4. 这些动物因为环境变化而灭绝了。 These animals __________ __________ because of environmental changes. 5. 编辑把资料按字母顺序整理好了。 The editor organized the materials in __________ __________. 二．课文背默 Reading Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) was an Italian painter, i 1 , musician, engineer and s 2 . Da Vinci was e 3 intelligent, and he was unusually t 4 in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we t 5 about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he showed great i 6 and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very f 7 , and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks i 8 some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. They are r 9 to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the a 10 of today's birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word "dinosaur" comes from two Greek words, and it means "terrible lizard". Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on e 11 two or four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and o 12 were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 m 13 years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly d 14 out. Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by s 15 their fossils. 列奥纳多・达・芬奇 列奥纳多・达・芬奇（1452 - 1519）是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。 达・芬奇极其聪慧，在诸多不同领域都有着非凡的天赋。他是真正的天才，其画作与发明改变了我们对艺术和科学的认知方式。 列奥纳多・达・芬奇出生于意大利的乡村。自幼，他就展现出极高的智慧与艺术天赋。随着年龄增长，他学会了做许多不同的事。他的画作声名远扬，其中《蒙娜丽莎》或许是世界上最负盛名的画作。他还有诸多发明，比如，他的笔记里就有一些关于飞行器和其他交通工具的有趣绘图。 恐龙 恐龙是一种史前动物。它们与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴有亲缘关系，也是当今鸟类的祖先。恐龙最早出现在约 2.45 亿年前。“dinosaur（恐龙）” 一词源自两个希腊词，意为 “可怕的蜥蜴” 。 恐龙生活在陆地上，靠两条或四条腿行走。很多恐龙以植物为食，但也有一些吃肉。恐龙大小各异，有的和鸡一样小，有的则像十头大象一样大。 恐龙统治地球超过 1.8 亿年。约 6600 万年前，恐龙突然灭绝。科学家们尚未完全弄清原因，但正通过研究恐龙化石，对它们有越来越多的了解 。 三．知识背默 1.artist的用法 用法分析 artist艺术家，是名词art（艺术）加后缀-ist组成。 他想成为一名艺术家。He wants to be an artist. 考点拓展（1）名词或动词加“-er”（以e结尾直接加-r），就变成了表示人的名词，如 singer歌手，teacher教师，driver司机。 （2）加“-or”，多数是地位较高或从历史上看较高，如：doctor博士/医生，visitor访问者/参观者，inventor发明家。 （3）加“-ist”多数情况下表示事业有成或较为特殊的人，如：physicist物理学家， dentist牙医，violinist小提琴手。 （4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，应先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er，如：run→runner跑步者，win→winner获胜者。 中考链接 根据汉语提示完成句子 Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics were a group of （艺术家） who created their own style. 2.useful的用法 用法分析 useful是形容词，意为“有用的，有益的”，在句中做定语或表语。 它们是有用的字典。They are useful dictionaries. 这本书很有用。The book is useful. 注意 useful的发音以辅音音素开头，当与不定冠词连用时，应用a。 This is a useful lesson.这是一个有用的教训。 考点拓展 useful是由“动词use+-ful（形容词后缀）”构成的，类似的词还有helpful,thankful,careful,hopeful等。 中考链接 —What______ useful book it is！ —Yeah,it tells you how to play the guitar. A.an B.a C.the D./ 三．painter, inventor, engineer 动词后加后缀-er/ -or构成一种职业。 eg:teach 教-- teacher 教师           sing唱-- singer 歌唱家 visit参观-- visitor 参观者        invent发明-- inventor 发明家 paint 画画 → painter 画家 invent 发明 → inventor 发明家（invention发明物） music 音乐 → musician 音乐家 engine引擎 → engineer 工程师 science科学 → scientist 科学家 collect 收集 → collector 收藏家（collection收藏品） 四．look up的用法 用法解析 look up 查阅 【代词放中间，名词可中后】 如：look it up 或look the word up = look up the word 查阅单词 拓展：look into 调查， look out 小心， look through浏览， look down upon俯视，看不起，look out of...往外看 五．famous的用法 用法解析 1.famous出名的= well-known 2.be famous for 由于...(事物)而出名 be famous as 作为...(事物)而出名 六．million百万的用法 用法解析 1.与具体的数字连用时，不加s ，后面直接接复数名词。 There are about two thousand students in this school. 2.固定短语：millions of几百万（hundred, thousand, billion和million的用法相同） Millions of people help them in different ways. 七．As.....as  与.....一样......的用法 用法解析 1.当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“ as + 形容词/副词原级+as”结构， 表示“（A和B）一样”...... This tree is as tall as that one. 2.比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构， 表示“A不如B....” Our school is not as big as yours. as+adj(原级)+as 和...一样 I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 not as+adj(原级)+as 不如... He is not as strong as you. 他不如你强壮 as many+可数名词+as 和...一样多 I have as many books as you (do) 我的书和你的一样多 as much+不可数名词+as 和...一样多 Drink as much juice as you want. 你想喝多少果汁就喝多少。 八. include v.包括，包含 （1）include接动词的话，要接doing sth： Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone.你的职责是打信件和接电话。 （2）include A in/on B把A列入B的一部分，把A算入B： You should include some examples in your article.你应该在文章里举一些例子。 （3）常用including的形式，引出需要罗列的宾语： Hundreds were killed, including many women and children.数百人被杀，包括许多妇女和儿童。 词性转换：inclusion n.包含；内含物；inclusive adj.包括的，包含的 反义词：exclude v.不包括，排除 九. relation n.关系；亲属 关联词组：in relation to关于；涉及；public relation公共关系；international relation国际关系 用法： （1）通常以复数形式relations出现，表示“（人、国家、组织等之间的）关系”，可与介词with或between搭配使用。例如： Relations between the two countries have improved recently. 最近两国关系有所改善。 （2）表示“（事物之间的）联系”，常接between这个介词。例如： the relation between prices and wages 物价和工资之间的联系 （3）表示“家人、亲戚”。例如： We have relations in Canada and Scotland. 我们在加拿大和苏格兰都有亲戚。 词性转换：related adj.有关系的，有关联的；relative adj.相对的；n.亲戚 易混单词：relationship n.关系：relation侧重形式上的关联，而 relationship却侧重密切的交往。例如： John's relation with Mary is father and daughter.约翰和玛丽是父女关系。 John's relationship with Mary has improved.约翰和玛丽的关系已改善了。 十．however “然而，但是”的用法 用法解析 however 然而 一般位于句首，能单独使用 He likes music. However, his wife doesn’t. but 但是 位于分句的句首，不能单独使用 He likes music, but his wife doesn’t. 例：However,this does not always happen. 十一．other做形容词，意为“别的，其他的” 用法分析other做形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，其后可接可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。 你有别的爱好吗？Do you have other hobbies？ 我没有任何其他时间。I don't have any other time. 考点辨析 the other,another,others,the others the other 意为“其他，另一个”，指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one...the other...（一个……另一个……）。 another 可做代词或限定词，意为“又一个（的），再一个（的）”，泛指三个或三个以上同类中的另一个。 others 意为“其他的人或事物”，表示泛指，做代词，其后不加名词。 the others 表示特指，指在一定范围内除去某些后剩下的全部。 She has two sons.One is in Beijing,and the other is in Shanghai.她有两个儿子。一个在北京，另一个在上海。 I don't like this one.Please show me another one.我不喜欢这个。请给我看另一个。 We should help others.我们应该帮助他人。 There are ten pens here.Two are red,and the others are black.这里有十支钢笔。两支是红色的，其余的是黑色的。 中考链接Catherine has two cousins.One is quiet,and___B___is noisy. A.another B.the other C.other D.others 十二．appear的用法 用法分析 appear是动词，意为“出现”。反义词：disappear消失。 天空中出现了一架飞机。A plane appeared in the sky. 考点拓展 appearance名词“出现；露面；外表”。 中考链接 -Jack, the Maldives（马尔代夫）may ______ because of the rising sea levels. -God！We must do something to stop that happening. A. rise B. move C. grow D. disappear 十三．accept的用法 用法分析 accept动词，意为“接受（建议、邀请等）”，可接名词或代词做宾语，但不可接不定式。 他接受了朋友的礼物。He accepted a present from his friend. 考点辨析 accept，receive accept 表示主动而且高兴地接受。 receive 表示被动地收到，但不一定接受。 注意 表示“接受礼物”，用动词accept不用receive，但是表示“受教育”，用动词receive而不用accept。 A child receives its early education at home.幼儿在家接受早期教育。 He was fortunate enough to receive a college education.他有幸受过大学教育。 中考链接 I didn't mean to trouble Curry yesterday. It was pouring with rain so I ______ his offer of a lift. A. refused B. received C. allowed D. accepted 十四.die的用法 用法分析die是动词“死，死亡”，现在分词为dying。其形容词为dead“死的，无生命的”；名词为death“死，死亡”。 这些花枯萎了。他两年前死的。He died two years ago. These flowers are dead. 我们获悉你父亲去世，非常难过。We're sorry to hear of your father's death. 中考特殊考点 die是非延续性动词，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表达“死了多长时间”，用“have /has been dead for+时间”或“died+时间段+ago” His father has been dead for ten years. =His father died ten years ago.他父亲已经去世十年了。 中考链接 His grandmother ______ for 6 years. And he still misses her very much. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 十五．order的用法 用法分析order n.＆v.点菜。take one's order点菜。 先生，可以点菜了吗？May I take your order,sir？ 考点拓展（1）order v.订购；订货。order sth.for sb.=order sb.sth.为某人订购某物； order sth. From...从……订购某物。 Could you please order lunch for me？你能为我订午餐吗？ I ordered some clothes from that shop.我从那家商店订购了一些衣服。 （2）order v.命令。order sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事。 The policeman ordered me to park my car there.警察命令我把车停在那边。 中考链接 —______？ —Yes, I'd like some beef noodles. A.May I take your order B.May I borrow your ruler C.What club do you want to join D.What size would you like 十六．either...or...，意为“要么……要么……；或者……或者………” 用法分折 either...or...，意为“要么……要么……；或者……或者………”，本短语常连接两个性质相同的词或短语。 你要么马上走，要么等到明天。You must either go at once or wait till tomorrow. 不是这星期就是下星期我们就可完成这项工作。 We can finish the work either this week or next week. 中考特殊考点 Either...or...，连接两个成分做主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致（即就近原则）。 Either he or you are right.要么他对，要么你对。 考点辨析 either,neither,both either （两者中的）任何一个 常用结构：either...or...或者……或者…… 谓语动词用就近原则 neither 两者都不 常用结构：neither... nor...既不……也不…… 谓语动词用就近原则 两者都 常用结构：both... and...两者都…… 谓语动词应为复数形式 Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那儿，要么我去。 Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 Both John and Mike are good at swimming.约翰和迈克都擅长游泳。 小提示 either所修饰的名词用单数，neither所修饰的名词用单数，both修饰的名词用复数。 Either movie is interesting.两部电影任何一部都有趣。 Neither movie is interesting.两部电影都没有趣。 Both movies are interesting.两部电影都有趣。 中考链接 —How do you like the two pairs of shoes？ —They don't fit me.They are______ too big______ too small. A.not only；but also B.neither；nor C.either；or 十七．develop的用法 用法分析 develop做动词，意为“发展；使开发；培育”。develop 的名词形式为development，意为“发展；开发”，为不可数名词。 志愿活动既是一个帮助他人的机会，也是一个发展自我的好方式。Volunteering is both a chance to help others and a gcod way to develop ourselves. 考点拓展 developed adj.发达的；developing adj.发展中的。 中考链接 Now more and more schools care for the full ______ of the students’ talents. A. development B. agreement C. preparation 十八. achieve vt. 取得；获得；实现；成功vi. 达到预期的目的，实现预期的结果 关联词组：achieve success取得成功 词性转换：achievement n.成就 People who learn well will achieve their dreams more easily. 十九、anything的用法 用法分析 anything是不定代词“任何东西；任何事物”，用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。 如果把眼睛闭上，你就什么也看不见了。 If you close your eyes,you can't see anything. 考点拓展 something“某事，某物”，用于肯定句； nothing“没什么；没什么东西”，相当于not anything；everything“每件事物；最重要的东西”。以上不定代词做主语，谓语用第三人称单数。 Let me in.I have something important to tell you.让我进去。我有要事告诉你。 There is nothing in the box.盒子里什么也没有。 Everything begins to grow in spring.春天万物开始生长。 中考特殊考点（1）在表示请求、征询某人建议的疑问句中，希望得到对方的肯定回答用 something，不用 anything。 你想喝点什么吗？—Would you like something to drink？ 好的。—Yes,please. （2）形容词修饰不定代词 anything/something等时，形容词后置。 Did you hear anything interesting there？你在那儿听到什么有趣的事了吗？ 中考链接 —Did you find______ funny in the book？ —Yes.It talks about how to be a good kid. A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything 二十.win的用法 考点辨析 win，beat “赢”得不一样 Win winner n.获胜者 “赢，获得”，后接（比赛、战斗、辩论、奖品、钱等）事或物 beat （比赛、战斗、辩论的对“打败，战胜”，后接 对手）人或集体 注意 win和beat有讲究，打败某人找beat，赢得比赛要找win。“接人待物”区分好，胜利其实很容易。 考题预测 –Who ______ the football match yesterday？ -Our class ______ all the other teams. A. beat；won B. won；won C. beat；beat D. won；beat 四．语法背默 一、any & some和复合不定代词 1. some ①some 意为“一些”，常用于肯定句，指不确定的数量或数目，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词 I have some questions to ask. 我要问一些问题 There is some water in the bottle 瓶子里有一些水 ②在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答、想要鼓励对方或表达请求、建议时，也可以用some Would you like some banana? 你想要些香蕉吗？ Could you give me some money? 你能给我一些钱吗？ 2. any ①意为“一些”时，用于否定句或一般疑问句。 ※注意：hardly, never, seldom等具有否定意义的词后面要用any ---Have you any bookmarks? 你有书签吗？ ---No, I don’t have any bookmarks 不，我没有 I hardly had any time to have a rest 我几乎没有时间休息 ②any用于肯定句时，通常要重读，意为“任何”，修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词 Any time you want me, just send for me什么时候你需要我，随时叫我来 Come any day you like只要你喜欢，随时可以来 二、复合不定代词 1.常用复合不定代词 something某事物 somebody某人 someone某人 anything某事/任何事 anybody某人/任何人 anyone某人/任何人 everything每件事物 everybody每个人 everyone任何人 nothing没有东西 nobody没有人 no one没有人 2. 复合不定代词用法 ①复合不定代词后面的动词用第三人称单数形式 There is someone on the phone for you有人给你打电话 Everyone is busy and can not go to the party每个人都忙而不能去参加聚会 ②形容词或不定式修饰复合不定代词something, anything, nothing等时，通常要放在不定代词的后面 something important某件重要的事 anything interesting任何有趣的事 nothing exciting没有令人兴奋的事 Is there anything important in today’s paper? 今天报上有什么重要的消息吗？ ③当主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody, nobody, anybody等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词they, 在正式文体中也可以用he Everyone is here, aren’t they / isn’t he? 每个人都到了，是吗？ 当主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything, something, anything, nothing等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词it Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切准备好了，是吗？ ④与no-构成的复合不定代词本身就是否定意义，所以一定要与肯定的动词连用 Nobody likes to get into trouble没有谁愿意惹麻烦 not与由every-构成的复合不定代词是部分否定，意为“并非都；不都” I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with everything 我同意你所说的大部分，但不是全部 3.复合不定代词辨析 ①somebody / someone / something 用于肯定句 There is somebody / someone waiting outside外面有人在等你 There is something wrong with my bike我的自行车出了点毛病 在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答、想要鼓励对方给予肯定答复或表达请求、建议时，也可以用 Can somebody / someone help me? 有人能帮我吗？ Do you want something to drink? = Would you like something to drink? 你想来点喝的吗？ ②anybody / anyone / anything 用于否定句或一般疑问句。注意：当肯定句中有hardly, never, seldom等具有否定意义的词时，要使用anybody, anyone或anything Did anybody come here while I was away? 当我离开时有人来这儿吗？ He doesn’t like anything I do or say他不喜欢我做得或说得任何事 He can hardly see anything before the operation在手术前他几乎看不到任何东西 Hardly anybody came to the meeting几乎没人来参加会议 ③nobody / no one / nothing 用于句中表示否定意义。nobody = not anybody nothing = not anything 注意：如果需要用一个否定词来做句子的开头，那么就必须用nothing / nobody / no one,而不能用not…anything / anyone / anybody I saw nobody / no one / nothing = I didn’t see anybody / anyone / anything 我没看到人/东西 随堂训练 一. 用some或any填空 1. There are _______________ pencils here, but there aren’t _______________ rubbers here. 2. Does John have _______________ brothers or sisters? 3. They don’t have _______________ time to finish the job. 4. Would you like _______________ water? 5. Can I ask _______________ questions? 6.There are many story books,you can choose _______________ one. 二．.选用some或any 填空 1.Peter didn’t eat 　　　food because he’s ill.  2.—Would you like 　　　tea? —No, I’d like 　　　water.  3.Do we need to buy 　　　tomatoes?  4.—Is there 　　　orange juice in the fridge?  —No, there isn’t 　　　orange juice in the fridge. We need to buy 　　　.  三. 用适合的复合不定代词填空 1. The girl was too shy. She didn’t talk to _______________ that night. 2. This is a secret. You mustn’t tell _______________. 3. At first, it was very quiet. Later, _______________ began to cough. 4. The question was so difficult that _______________ could answer it. 5. The foreigner was shouting. But _______________ knew what he was talking about. 6. What’s on TV tonight? Is there _______________ interesting? 7. Can I have _______________ to drink, please? 8. These questions are too difficult. I think _______________ can answer them. 9. Kitty is sitting alone. She isn’t with _______________. 10. You can buy a lot of things with money, but not _______________. 四.用复合不定代词填空 1.I didn’t see 　　　on the floor. What about you?  2.Listen! 　　　is knocking at the door.   3.—Is there 　　　waiting for us in front of the gate? —No, there is 　　　.  4.　　　 is difficult if you put your heart into it.  五.单项选择 1.Is there 　　　bread in the kitchen? A.any B.some C.many D.a 2.—After a long walk, I am so thirsty, but there isn’t 　　　water here. Could you get 　　　for me?  —With pleasure! A.some;some B.any;any C.some;any D.any;some 3.Learning is a lifelong journey, for it brings us　　　 new every day. A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.something 4.I always believe that there isn’t 　　　difficult if we set our mind to it.  A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 五．写作背默 本单元的主题是“百科全书”,写作任务是创作一个百科词条介绍一位名人。常见的写作话题有:①介绍著名的科学家、艺术家、运动员等的基本信息;②介绍名人的生平事迹。 　　中考书面表达中和该话题有关的命题形式有很多,通常以说明文或应用文的形式出现,常见的应用文类型有回复邮件或信件、给校报或网站投稿、根据思维导图或表格内容介绍人物。 写作实例 　　请根据提示以“Madame Curie”为题,写一篇80—100词的英语短文。 　　内容: 1.居里夫人(1867—1934)是世界闻名的科学家; 2.她从小就酷爱读书,16岁中学毕业,24岁赴法国巴黎(Paris)的大学学习。在学校时,她学习刻苦努力; 3.她一生致力于科学研究,于1903年、1911年分别获得诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖(the Nobel Prize in Physics/Chemistry); 4.她作为一名伟大的女性将永远被人们铭记。 审题指导 1.体裁:说明文    2.时态:以一般过去时为主    3.人称:以第三人称为主 4.必备词句:（1）all over the world 全世界　（2）at the age of... 在……岁时　（3）devote one’s entire life to 一生致力于（4）the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖（5）achieve such success 取得这样的成功（6）Madame Curie will always be remembered as a great woman.人们将永远铭记居里夫人是一位伟大的女性。（7）find out 查明　（8）work on 从事　（9）give up 放弃　（10）not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… （11）be afraid of... 害怕……（12）He is known as the Father of Modern Biology. 他被誉为现代生物学之父。 （12）He set a good example for them and often communicated with them.他为他们树立了好榜样,并经常与他们交流。 写作模版 优秀范文 Madame Curie 　　I think it was not easy for a woman to achieve such success. Madame Curie will always be remembered as a great woman. 随堂训练 假如你是李华,请根据以下提示,用英文写一篇关于我国著名女科学家屠呦呦的短文并谈谈你的感受。 　　1.屠呦呦1930年出生在宁波,她因发现青蒿素而闻名; 2.青蒿素能有效对抗疟疾——一种很严重的疾病; 3.历经190次失败后,她在中草药中发现了青蒿素,这种药拯救了数百万人的生命; 4.2015年,她获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖;5.你认为…… 　　参考词汇:草药herb;青蒿素qinghaosu;疟疾malaria;有效地effectively;对抗fight;诺贝尔生理学或医学奖the Nobel Prize inPhysiology or Medicine 　　要求:词数为80—100(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$