热点话题05 自然灾害——德克萨斯州水灾（阅读专练）英语高考复习通用版

热点话题05 自然灾害——德克萨斯州水灾 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 最近美国德克萨斯州发生了严重的水灾，在得克萨斯州的洪水中，超过160人失踪。可能需要几个月的时间才能找到他们所有人。 【原文·时文阅读】 （文章来源：https://www.npr.org/2025/07/10/nx-s1-5462703/texas-floods-search-efforts） It could take weeks — or even months — to locate the more than 160 people believed to be missing after the deadly floods in Central Texas over the Fourth of July weekend, according to an Army lieutenant general who led the military response to Hurricane Katrina. Officials have not found any survivors of the Texas Hill Country floods since July 4. Gov. Greg Abbott has pledged that search efforts will continue until every missing person is found. But the thousands of officials and volunteers scouring the flood-affected zone are bound to run into challenges posed by the wreckage and the current environmental conditions, retired Army Lieutenant Gen. Russel L. Honoré told Morning Edition.  Honoré led the effort to bring military relief to New Orleans after Katrina in 2005 and has spent years working on disaster recovery operations. Search efforts can be painstakingly slow because piled up debris has to be carefully removed, Honoré said. "It's not like bringing the excavator in and start moving debris. You've got to take it off a piece at a time and respect that that might be a person under the next piece of wood you're picking up," Honoré said. Rain that fell after the initial devastating flooding also slowed search efforts. On Wednesday, the Kerville Police Department asked volunteers on social media to not use heavy equipment to tear down large pieces of debris "due to the possibility that a victim could be inside." 【原创·语法填空】 It could take weeks — or even months — to locate the more than 160 people believed to be 1._______(miss) after the deadly floods in Central Texas over the Fourth of July weekend, according to an Army lieutenant general 2._______ led the military response to Hurricane Katrina. Officials have not found any survivors of the Texas Hill Country floods since July 4. Gov. Greg Abbott has pledged that search efforts will continue until every missing person3._______(find). But the thousands of officials and volunteers scouring the flood-affected zone are bound to run into4._______(challenge) posed by the wreckage and the current environmental conditions, 5._______(retire) Army Lieutenant Gen. Russel L. Honoré told Morning Edition.  Honoré led the effort to bring military relief to New Orleans after Katrina in 2005 6._______ has spent years working on disaster recovery operations. Search efforts can be 7._______(painstaking) slow because piled up debris has to be carefully removed, Honoré said. "It's not like bringing the excavator in and start moving debris. You've got to take it off a piece at 8._______ time and respect that that might be a person under the next piece of wood you're picking up," Honoré said. Rain that fell after the initial devastating flooding also slowed search efforts. On Wednesday, the Kerville Police Department asked volunteers on social media to not use heavy 9._______(equip) to tear down large pieces of debris "due 10._______ the possibility that a victim could be inside." 【答案】1.missing 2.who 3. is found 4.challenges 5.retired 6.and 7.painstakingly 8.a 9.equipment 10.to 【解析】 1.missing考查词形转换。形容词作表语。 2.who 考查定语从句。在从句中作主语。 3. is found 考查被动语态。直到每个人被找到。 4.challenges 考查名词复数。意为：很多挑战。 5.retired 考查词形转换。此处意为：退休的。 6.and 考查连词。Led和has spent并列。 7.painstakingly 考查词形转换。修饰形容词slow用副词形式。 8.a考查冠词。 at a time意为：一次。 9.equipment考查词形转换。形容词heavy后，用名词。 10.to考查介词。此处due to是介词短语。 【课标词汇积累】 1.deadly adj.致死的, (贬)极其, 破坏性的, 枯燥的 ● The exam week was deadly; everyone stayed up late to study. 考试周简直要命，大家都熬夜学习。 2.response n.答复, 反应 ●The teacher praised his quick response to the difficult question. 老师表扬了他对难题的迅速反应。 3.survivor n.幸存者，残存者，生还者 ●After the sports day, I felt like a survivor of a marathon. 运动会结束后，我感觉自己像个马拉松幸存者。 4.pledge v.保证，许诺，发誓 ●We made a pledge to keep the classroom clean. 我们承诺要保持教室整洁。 5.volunteer n.志愿者，自告奋勇者, ; v.自告奋勇, 主动提供 ●She was the first to volunteer for the school charity event. 她是第一个自愿参加学校慈善活动的。 6.current adj.当前的, 流通的 ●My current goal is to improve my math grades. 我当前的目标是提高数学成绩。 7.recovery n.恢复, 改善, 失而复得 ● After the flu, his recovery was slow but steady. 流感过后，他的恢复虽慢但稳定。 8.excavator n.开凿者，发掘者, 挖掘机 ●The history club used an excavator model to explain ancient ruins. 历史社用挖掘机模型讲解古代遗址。 9.initial adj.开始的; n.首字母 ●Her initial reaction to the pop quiz was panic. 她对突击测验的最初反应是恐慌。 10.victim n.受害者，遇难者 ●He became a victim of his own procrastination before finals. 期末考试前，他成了拖延症的受害者。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.The final exams were _____________, but we supported each other through it. 2.The principal's quick _____________ to the bullying incident earned respect. 3.After pulling three all-nighters, she felt like a _____________ of exam week. 4.The class took a _____________ to stop using plastic bottles during field trips. 5.He _____________ to be the DJ for the school dance but forgot his playlist. 6.Her _____________ obsession is K-pop, judging by her locker decorations. 7.The football team's _____________ after losing 0-5 became legendary. 8.The archaeology club used toy_____________  in their sandbox dig. 9.His _____________ attempt at asking her to prom ended in stuttering. 10."I'm a _____________ of my own bad handwriting," he sighed during the essay test. Keys: 1.deadly（期末考试要命，但我们互相支持熬了过来。） 2.response（校长对霸凌事件的迅速回应赢得了尊重。） 3.survivor（熬了三个通宵后，她觉得自己像考试周的幸存者。） 4.pledge（全班立誓要在郊游时停用塑料瓶。） 5.volunteered（他自告奋勇当舞会DJ，结果忘了带歌单。） 6.current（从她储物柜的装饰来看，她最近沉迷K-pop。） 7.recovery（足球队从0-5惨败到逆袭的故事成了传奇。） 8.excavators（考古社用玩具挖掘机在沙盘里模拟挖掘。） 9.initial（他第一次邀请她去舞会时紧张得结巴。） 10.victim（作文考试时他叹气："我败给自己的烂字了。"） 【参考译文】 据曾指挥卡特里娜飓风救灾的陆军中将透露，要找到7月4日国庆节周末得克萨斯州中部致命洪灾后失踪的160多人，可能需要数周甚至数月时间。自7月4日以来，官方仍未发现得克萨斯丘陵区洪灾的任何幸存者。州长格雷格·阿博特承诺搜救工作将持续至找到所有失踪人员。但正在灾区搜寻的数千名官员和志愿者，势必会面临废墟堆积和恶劣环境带来的挑战。退役陆军中将拉塞尔·L·霍诺尔在接受《晨间新闻》采访时指出，2005年卡特里娜飓风后他主导了新奥尔良的军事救援行动，并长期从事灾后重建工作。霍诺尔表示，由于堆积的残骸必须小心清理，搜救工作往往进展缓慢：“不像开挖掘机直接移动废墟，必须逐块清理，得注意下一块木头下面可能还压着人”。此外，最初毁灭性洪水后的降雨也拖慢了搜救进度。周三，凯维尔警察局在社交媒体呼吁志愿者不要使用重型设备拆除大块残骸，“因为可能存在被困人员”。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2025·江西省九师联盟高三5月检测模拟预测） While Schenker’s home weathered Hurricane Helene in September, her friend’s home in Asheville was destroyed by the flooding of the Swannanoa River. Schenker and her friend walked—the roads were blocked—to check the condition of the home. “We spent about four hours digging through the mud to look for any belongings of hers, because her house literally just didn’t exist anymore,” Schenker recalled. During that process, Schenker found about five individual photographs that didn’t belong to her friend or anyone her friend knew. These photos kept Schenker up at night. She went back the next day and found more photos from multiple families. “There were photos of a middle school basketball team or a beloved dog. I also found a wedding photo of a bride hugging somebody,” Schenker said. “You take photos because you have a moment you want to remember, and they did all seem special.” Schenker started the Photos from Helene page online as a virtual Lost and Found, hoping that through the page and word of mouth, the photos could be reunited with their owners. Some of them were hand-delivered like the ones that were lost by Mary Moss who lost her home and car to the flood waters. “At first, when she handed me those pictures, I just couldn’t even speak,” Moss said. “You don’t expect something as easily damaged as photos to be returned in such a disaster.” “While homes and cars can be replaced, I lost everything I had of my son Tommy who died when he was 12. In the photos Schenker found almost three miles from my home were photos of Tommy when he was two years old dressing up for a Christmas. In another he was playing with his brother. It’s the little things, the photos, which are linked with sweet memories that you can’t replace,” Moss said. 1．Why did Schenker go to her friend’s home? A．To shelter herself from a hurricane. B．To help her friend in a disaster. C．To connect with her family members. D．To check the condition of a river. 2．How did Schenker try to find the owners of the photos? A．By making use of the Internet. B．By visiting multiple families in person. C．By turning to a local school for help. D．By contacting Lost and Found officers. 3．How did Moss feel at the first sight of her lost photos? A．Calm. B．Frightened. C．Sorrowful. D．Astonished. 4．What do Moss’s words in the last paragraph mainly suggest? A．Her memories of her son are decreasing. B．She has restored her faith in future life. C．Her personal belongings can’t be replaced. D．The returned photos are precious for her. 【词汇积累】 1.belongings n.所有物, （随身）财物2.literally adv.逐字地, 照字面地, 确实地，真正地 3.individual adj.单独的, 个人的, 独特的4. beloved adj.深爱的, 钟爱的; n.爱人 5.reunite vt.使再次联合, 使重聚, 使再结合; vi.重聚, 再结合, 再联合6.multiple adj.多重的,复杂的, 多功能的; n.倍数 Passage2阅读理解 （2025·浙江省绍兴市上虞区高三下学期高考适应性考试） The number of people living in urban areas has tripled (三倍) in the last 50 years. If a major natural disaster hits a city, more lives are in danger. Meanwhile, extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent than ever due to climate change. How can we deal with this growing threat? Luckily, AI is stepping up to help. Its applications in tackling various hazards are already making a difference. In October 2024, experts used AI models to accurately predict where Hurricane Milton would land. AI is also being used to warn the public more efficiently. The U. S. National Weather Service has partnered with AI translation firm Lilt to help deliver forecasts in Spanish and Chinese. This could shorten the time to translate a warning from an hour to just ten minutes. Machine learning techniques have been applied to weather forecasting models for years. But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting. Traditional models, which rely on complex equations to simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere, require supercomputers. As a result, they can take hours to generate a single forecast. By contrast, AI weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of climate data. This data can be easily gathered from satellites and ground sensors and shared by governments. However, AI models are only as good as the data they are trained on, which can be a problem in some places. Poorer regions, often at the greatest risk of climate disasters, typically have fewer weather sensors. The ones they do have are often poorly maintained, creating gaps in climate data. AI systems trained on this skewed (有偏差的) data can be less accurate and negatively affect forecasts. In addition, unlike physics-based models, which follow set rules, AI models become more and more complex. As they advance, these models increasingly operate as “black boxes”, where the path from input to output becomes less transparent (透明的). 5．What is causing the growing threats from natural disasters in cities? A．Outdated weather models in cities. B．Low disaster risk awareness in cities. C．Urban growth raises disaster risks. D．Climate change reduces extreme weather in cities. 6．What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on? A．Government efforts in disaster relief. B．Limitations of traditional weather forecasts. C．Economic impact of disasters on urban areas. D．AI’s role in improving disaster preparedness. 7．How do AI forecasting models outperform traditional models? A．AI learns from past data to predict more quickly. B．AI is more transparent than physics-based models. C．AI relies on more supercomputers for faster results. D．AI needs no satellite data, using only ground sensors. 8．What is the author’s overall attitude toward AI’s role in disaster response? A．Critical of its complexity. B．Optimistic despite challenges. C．Uncertain of its effectiveness. D．Skeptical due to data limitations. 【长难句分析】 【文章原句】As they advance, these models increasingly operate as “black boxes”, where the path from input to output becomes less transparent (透明的). 【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，包含主句和从句结构。As they advance是时间状语从句，where the path from input to output becomes less transparent是非限制性定语从句。 【翻译】随着这些模型的发展，它们越来越多地作为“黑盒子”运行，从输入到输出的路径变得不那么透明。 Passage 3 7选5 （2025·江苏省南通市海安市高三上学期11月期中） A smartphone can be a lifeline in a natural disaster. 1 Unfortunately, many disasters like wildfires, floods, earthquakes and hurricanes take away the exact things phones rely on to do that work: electricity and cell services. Here are some of the best ways you can get your phone in the best shape to help you. Assume your electricity can go out at any time and plan accordingly. 2 If possible, leave them plugged in until the last minute. Also charge any backup batteries and laptops, then make sure all charging cords are collected in one place to take with you. If the power is out, or if you’re no longer someplace with an outlet, you’ll need to make any charges last as long as possible. 3 Extreme cold and heat can cause your phone battery to be less efficient and even stop your phone from working. You’ll typically see a warning sign on the screen if this happens. If you can turn it off, don’t turn it back on until it’s back to an acceptable temperature. Whether it’s extreme cold or heat, avoid leaving your phone exposed and don’t leave it in a car. Your friends and family will want to know you are safe and your location in case you aren’t safe. Send your location with everyone over text, so they’ll know where to look if you lose contact. Make sure to include people outside of the disaster zone. If you are using a GPS location-sharing option, don’t just send your current spot one time. 4 If you’re struggling to find reliable Internet connections, there are apps that could still help you stay in touch or give you helpful information. 5 For example, download the Google Maps information for surrounding areas in case you need to move fast and cell service isn’t available. Put in your main location, hit the three dots in the corner, select Download Offline Map. You can crop the exact area you think you’ll need. A．You should select the option to share it constantly. B．Charge your phone and any additional devices ahead of time. C．Don’t use your phone for a long time when in a natural disaster. D．It can connect you instantly to assistance and real-time resources. E．Most modern phones are sturdy but sensitive to their environments. F．Download and set them up early as part of your disaster preparation. G．If your phone gets wet, shake out any excess water and remove the battery. Passage 4 完形填空 （2025届湖北省黄冈中学高三下学期第四次模拟） After 17 days of tense rescue efforts, 41 construction workers trapped in a collapsed Himalayan tunnel were finally freed on Tuesday. The disaster 1 on November 12 when part of a tunnel being built in northern India’s Uttarakhand state suddenly collapsed. Over 60 meters of broken rocks and metal debris 2 the exit, trapping the workers inside. Rescue teams immediately began 3 the blockage using heavy machinery, but progress faced repeated 4 . A key American-made drilling machine broke down just meters away from reaching the trapped men last Friday, forcing workers to complete the final 5 by hand. Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami 6 at a press conference that all rescued workers showed no signs of serious injury. “Although medical teams prepared stretchers (担架), many chose to 7 out on their own. Doctors will continue monitoring them, but no serious conditions have been reported,” he stated, praising the combined 8 of engineers, medical staff, and government departments. Throughout the crisis, rescuers 9 contact with the trapped workers through a 53-meter pipe that delivered oxygen, food, and water. Doctors provided mental health guidance to help the men stay 10 . Family members 11 every day at the tunnel entrance, praying for their safe return. As a backup plan, engineers had started drilling downward through 12 mountain areas. However, the original horizontal drilling plan 13 succeeded. In the final stage, rescuers pushed a wide pipe through the cleared path, allowing the workers to escape 14 . The rescued laborers, all migrant workers from India’s less developed regions, demonstrated remarkable 15 during their 17-day underground experience. 1．A．attacked B．struck C．started D．arrived 2．A．closed B．blocked C．disturbed D．destroyed 3．A．cutting through B．digging through C．drilling through D．breaking through 4．A．dangers B．accidents C．risks D．setbacks 5．A．division B．section C．journey D．attempt 6．A．declared B．doubted C．imagined D．questioned 7．A．run B．skip C．crawl D．slide 8．A．effects B．efforts C．skills D．plans 9．A．maintained B．lost C．built D．required 10．A．quiet B．energized C．still D．calm 11．A．met B．formed C．gathered D．stood 12．A．unusual B．uncommon C．uncertain D．unstable 13．A．ultimately B．suddenly C．possibly D．temporarily 14．A．safely B．quickly C．freely D．bravely 15．A．kindness B．insight C．strength D．wisdom Passage 5 语法填空 （2025·山东省名校考试联盟高三3月高考模拟） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Around 500 BC, the 1 (state) of the Zhou Dynasty era spread to the Yangtze basin that suffered from disasters, periodic large-scale flooding, 2 each year, they faced monsoon storms and typhoon winds along the coast. The thick forests then were 3 ready supply of wood. 4 (deal) with frequent natural disasters and the destruction due to wars and fighting, the builders in the Zhou region adopted the dougong bracket system. This system made rebuilding and 5 (maintain) the buildings much more efficient. The Chinese made their wooden buildings slightly flexible to withstand natural disasters and for easier repair and reconfiguration as the need 6 (arise). The wooden parts such as columns and beams(横梁) were 7 (easy) replaced or reused to make other structures as needed since they were not joined together with fasteners. The durability of the wooden buildings has stood the test of time, of 8 the Forbidden City is a good example. After they were built about 600 years ago, Beijing has experienced about 200 earthquakes. The buildings survived 9 little damage due to the flexible brackets and loose pillars. The basic elements of ancient architectural design remained 10 (change) for thousands of years in China. The essence and wisdom of Chinese architecture will continue to serve as an inspiration for the world civilization. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点话题05 自然灾害——德克萨斯州水灾 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 最近美国德克萨斯州发生了严重的水灾，在得克萨斯州的洪水中，超过160人失踪。可能需要几个月的时间才能找到他们所有人。 【原文·时文阅读】 （文章来源：https://www.npr.org/2025/07/10/nx-s1-5462703/texas-floods-search-efforts） It could take weeks — or even months — to locate the more than 160 people believed to be missing after the deadly floods in Central Texas over the Fourth of July weekend, according to an Army lieutenant general who led the military response to Hurricane Katrina. Officials have not found any survivors of the Texas Hill Country floods since July 4. Gov. Greg Abbott has pledged that search efforts will continue until every missing person is found. But the thousands of officials and volunteers scouring the flood-affected zone are bound to run into challenges posed by the wreckage and the current environmental conditions, retired Army Lieutenant Gen. Russel L. Honoré told Morning Edition.  Honoré led the effort to bring military relief to New Orleans after Katrina in 2005 and has spent years working on disaster recovery operations. Search efforts can be painstakingly slow because piled up debris has to be carefully removed, Honoré said. "It's not like bringing the excavator in and start moving debris. You've got to take it off a piece at a time and respect that that might be a person under the next piece of wood you're picking up," Honoré said. Rain that fell after the initial devastating flooding also slowed search efforts. On Wednesday, the Kerville Police Department asked volunteers on social media to not use heavy equipment to tear down large pieces of debris "due to the possibility that a victim could be inside." 【原创·语法填空】 It could take weeks — or even months — to locate the more than 160 people believed to be 1._______(miss) after the deadly floods in Central Texas over the Fourth of July weekend, according to an Army lieutenant general 2._______ led the military response to Hurricane Katrina. Officials have not found any survivors of the Texas Hill Country floods since July 4. Gov. Greg Abbott has pledged that search efforts will continue until every missing person3._______(find). But the thousands of officials and volunteers scouring the flood-affected zone are bound to run into4._______(challenge) posed by the wreckage and the current environmental conditions, 5._______(retire) Army Lieutenant Gen. Russel L. Honoré told Morning Edition.  Honoré led the effort to bring military relief to New Orleans after Katrina in 2005 6._______ has spent years working on disaster recovery operations. Search efforts can be 7._______(painstaking) slow because piled up debris has to be carefully removed, Honoré said. "It's not like bringing the excavator in and start moving debris. You've got to take it off a piece at 8._______ time and respect that that might be a person under the next piece of wood you're picking up," Honoré said. Rain that fell after the initial devastating flooding also slowed search efforts. On Wednesday, the Kerville Police Department asked volunteers on social media to not use heavy 9._______(equip) to tear down large pieces of debris "due 10._______ the possibility that a victim could be inside." 【答案】1.missing 2.who 3. is found 4.challenges 5.retired 6.and 7.painstakingly 8.a 9.equipment 10.to 【解析】 1.missing考查词形转换。形容词作表语。 2.who 考查定语从句。在从句中作主语。 3. is found 考查被动语态。直到每个人被找到。 4.challenges 考查名词复数。意为：很多挑战。 5.retired 考查词形转换。此处意为：退休的。 6.and 考查连词。Led和has spent并列。 7.painstakingly 考查词形转换。修饰形容词slow用副词形式。 8.a考查冠词。 at a time意为：一次。 9.equipment考查词形转换。形容词heavy后，用名词。 10.to考查介词。此处due to是介词短语。 【课标词汇积累】 1.deadly adj.致死的, (贬)极其, 破坏性的, 枯燥的 ● The exam week was deadly; everyone stayed up late to study. 考试周简直要命，大家都熬夜学习。 2.response n.答复, 反应 ●The teacher praised his quick response to the difficult question. 老师表扬了他对难题的迅速反应。 3.survivor n.幸存者，残存者，生还者 ●After the sports day, I felt like a survivor of a marathon. 运动会结束后，我感觉自己像个马拉松幸存者。 4.pledge v.保证，许诺，发誓 ●We made a pledge to keep the classroom clean. 我们承诺要保持教室整洁。 5.volunteer n.志愿者，自告奋勇者, ; v.自告奋勇, 主动提供 ●She was the first to volunteer for the school charity event. 她是第一个自愿参加学校慈善活动的。 6.current adj.当前的, 流通的 ●My current goal is to improve my math grades. 我当前的目标是提高数学成绩。 7.recovery n.恢复, 改善, 失而复得 ● After the flu, his recovery was slow but steady. 流感过后，他的恢复虽慢但稳定。 8.excavator n.开凿者，发掘者, 挖掘机 ●The history club used an excavator model to explain ancient ruins. 历史社用挖掘机模型讲解古代遗址。 9.initial adj.开始的; n.首字母 ●Her initial reaction to the pop quiz was panic. 她对突击测验的最初反应是恐慌。 10.victim n.受害者，遇难者 ●He became a victim of his own procrastination before finals. 期末考试前，他成了拖延症的受害者。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.The final exams were _____________, but we supported each other through it. 2.The principal's quick _____________ to the bullying incident earned respect. 3.After pulling three all-nighters, she felt like a _____________ of exam week. 4.The class took a _____________ to stop using plastic bottles during field trips. 5.He _____________ to be the DJ for the school dance but forgot his playlist. 6.Her _____________ obsession is K-pop, judging by her locker decorations. 7.The football team's _____________ after losing 0-5 became legendary. 8.The archaeology club used toy_____________  in their sandbox dig. 9.His _____________ attempt at asking her to prom ended in stuttering. 10."I'm a _____________ of my own bad handwriting," he sighed during the essay test. Keys: 1.deadly（期末考试要命，但我们互相支持熬了过来。） 2.response（校长对霸凌事件的迅速回应赢得了尊重。） 3.survivor（熬了三个通宵后，她觉得自己像考试周的幸存者。） 4.pledge（全班立誓要在郊游时停用塑料瓶。） 5.volunteered（他自告奋勇当舞会DJ，结果忘了带歌单。） 6.current（从她储物柜的装饰来看，她最近沉迷K-pop。） 7.recovery（足球队从0-5惨败到逆袭的故事成了传奇。） 8.excavators（考古社用玩具挖掘机在沙盘里模拟挖掘。） 9.initial（他第一次邀请她去舞会时紧张得结巴。） 10.victim（作文考试时他叹气："我败给自己的烂字了。"） 【参考译文】 据曾指挥卡特里娜飓风救灾的陆军中将透露，要找到7月4日国庆节周末得克萨斯州中部致命洪灾后失踪的160多人，可能需要数周甚至数月时间。自7月4日以来，官方仍未发现得克萨斯丘陵区洪灾的任何幸存者。州长格雷格·阿博特承诺搜救工作将持续至找到所有失踪人员。但正在灾区搜寻的数千名官员和志愿者，势必会面临废墟堆积和恶劣环境带来的挑战。退役陆军中将拉塞尔·L·霍诺尔在接受《晨间新闻》采访时指出，2005年卡特里娜飓风后他主导了新奥尔良的军事救援行动，并长期从事灾后重建工作。霍诺尔表示，由于堆积的残骸必须小心清理，搜救工作往往进展缓慢：“不像开挖掘机直接移动废墟，必须逐块清理，得注意下一块木头下面可能还压着人”。此外，最初毁灭性洪水后的降雨也拖慢了搜救进度。周三，凯维尔警察局在社交媒体呼吁志愿者不要使用重型设备拆除大块残骸，“因为可能存在被困人员”。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2025·江西省九师联盟高三5月检测模拟预测） While Schenker’s home weathered Hurricane Helene in September, her friend’s home in Asheville was destroyed by the flooding of the Swannanoa River. Schenker and her friend walked—the roads were blocked—to check the condition of the home. “We spent about four hours digging through the mud to look for any belongings of hers, because her house literally just didn’t exist anymore,” Schenker recalled. During that process, Schenker found about five individual photographs that didn’t belong to her friend or anyone her friend knew. These photos kept Schenker up at night. She went back the next day and found more photos from multiple families. “There were photos of a middle school basketball team or a beloved dog. I also found a wedding photo of a bride hugging somebody,” Schenker said. “You take photos because you have a moment you want to remember, and they did all seem special.” Schenker started the Photos from Helene page online as a virtual Lost and Found, hoping that through the page and word of mouth, the photos could be reunited with their owners. Some of them were hand-delivered like the ones that were lost by Mary Moss who lost her home and car to the flood waters. “At first, when she handed me those pictures, I just couldn’t even speak,” Moss said. “You don’t expect something as easily damaged as photos to be returned in such a disaster.” “While homes and cars can be replaced, I lost everything I had of my son Tommy who died when he was 12. In the photos Schenker found almost three miles from my home were photos of Tommy when he was two years old dressing up for a Christmas. In another he was playing with his brother. It’s the little things, the photos, which are linked with sweet memories that you can’t replace,” Moss said. 1．Why did Schenker go to her friend’s home? A．To shelter herself from a hurricane. B．To help her friend in a disaster. C．To connect with her family members. D．To check the condition of a river. 2．How did Schenker try to find the owners of the photos? A．By making use of the Internet. B．By visiting multiple families in person. C．By turning to a local school for help. D．By contacting Lost and Found officers. 3．How did Moss feel at the first sight of her lost photos? A．Calm. B．Frightened. C．Sorrowful. D．Astonished. 4．What do Moss’s words in the last paragraph mainly suggest? A．Her memories of her son are decreasing. B．She has restored her faith in future life. C．Her personal belongings can’t be replaced. D．The returned photos are precious for her. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。Schenker在洪水过境后的泥泞中发现了一些照片，她通过网络找到了在灾难中丢失照片的人，Moss就是其中之一。这些失而复得的照片承载了Moss的美好回忆和无尽哀思。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段““We spent about four hours digging through the mud to look for any belongings of hers, because her house literally just didn’t exist anymore,” Schenker recalled.(Schenker 回忆说：“我们花了大约四个小时在泥里挖掘，寻找她的任何财物，因为她的房子真的已经不复存在了。”)” 可知，Schenker 去朋友家是为了在灾难中帮助朋友寻找财物。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Schenker started the Photos from Helene page online as a virtual Lost and Found, hoping that through the page and word of mouth, the photos could be reunited with their owners.(Schenker 在网上创建了Photos from Helene页面作为一个虚拟的失物招领处，希望通过这个页面和口口相传，这些照片能够物归原主)”可知，Schenker 通过利用互联网，创建网页来寻找照片的主人。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段““At first, when she handed me those pictures, I just couldn’t even speak,” Moss said. “You don’t expect something as easily damaged as photos to be returned in such a disaster.”(Moss 说：“一开始，当她把那些照片递给我时，我甚至说不出话来。你不会指望像照片这样容易损坏的东西能在这样的灾难中失而复得。”)” 可推断，Moss 看到丢失的照片时，因意想不到而感到惊讶。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““While homes and cars can be replaced, I lost everything I had of my son Tommy who died when he was 12. In the photos Schenker found almost three miles from my home were photos of Tommy when he was two years old dressing up for a Christmas. In another he was playing with his brother. It’s the little things, the photos, which are linked with sweet memories that you can’t replace,” Moss said.(Moss 说：“虽然房子和汽车可以更换，但我失去了关于 12 岁就去世的儿子 Tommy 的一切。Schenker 在离我家近三英里的地方找到的照片里，有 Tommy 两岁时为圣诞节打扮的照片。还有一张是他和哥哥一起玩耍的照片。就是这些小事，这些照片，它们与无法替代的美好回忆相连。”)”可知，对 Moss 来说，这些照片与对儿子的回忆相连，是非常珍贵的。D项“归还的照片对她来说很珍贵” 符合推断，故选D。 【词汇积累】 1.belongings n.所有物, （随身）财物2.literally adv.逐字地, 照字面地, 确实地，真正地 3.individual adj.单独的, 个人的, 独特的4. beloved adj.深爱的, 钟爱的; n.爱人 5.reunite vt.使再次联合, 使重聚, 使再结合; vi.重聚, 再结合, 再联合6.multiple adj.多重的,复杂的, 多功能的; n.倍数 Passage2阅读理解 （2025·浙江省绍兴市上虞区高三下学期高考适应性考试） The number of people living in urban areas has tripled (三倍) in the last 50 years. If a major natural disaster hits a city, more lives are in danger. Meanwhile, extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent than ever due to climate change. How can we deal with this growing threat? Luckily, AI is stepping up to help. Its applications in tackling various hazards are already making a difference. In October 2024, experts used AI models to accurately predict where Hurricane Milton would land. AI is also being used to warn the public more efficiently. The U. S. National Weather Service has partnered with AI translation firm Lilt to help deliver forecasts in Spanish and Chinese. This could shorten the time to translate a warning from an hour to just ten minutes. Machine learning techniques have been applied to weather forecasting models for years. But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting. Traditional models, which rely on complex equations to simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere, require supercomputers. As a result, they can take hours to generate a single forecast. By contrast, AI weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of climate data. This data can be easily gathered from satellites and ground sensors and shared by governments. However, AI models are only as good as the data they are trained on, which can be a problem in some places. Poorer regions, often at the greatest risk of climate disasters, typically have fewer weather sensors. The ones they do have are often poorly maintained, creating gaps in climate data. AI systems trained on this skewed (有偏差的) data can be less accurate and negatively affect forecasts. In addition, unlike physics-based models, which follow set rules, AI models become more and more complex. As they advance, these models increasingly operate as “black boxes”, where the path from input to output becomes less transparent (透明的). 5．What is causing the growing threats from natural disasters in cities? A．Outdated weather models in cities. B．Low disaster risk awareness in cities. C．Urban growth raises disaster risks. D．Climate change reduces extreme weather in cities. 6．What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on? A．Government efforts in disaster relief. B．Limitations of traditional weather forecasts. C．Economic impact of disasters on urban areas. D．AI’s role in improving disaster preparedness. 7．How do AI forecasting models outperform traditional models? A．AI learns from past data to predict more quickly. B．AI is more transparent than physics-based models. C．AI relies on more supercomputers for faster results. D．AI needs no satellite data, using only ground sensors. 8．What is the author’s overall attitude toward AI’s role in disaster response? A．Critical of its complexity. B．Optimistic despite challenges. C．Uncertain of its effectiveness. D．Skeptical due to data limitations. 【长难句分析】 【文章原句】As they advance, these models increasingly operate as “black boxes”, where the path from input to output becomes less transparent (透明的). 【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，包含主句和从句结构。As they advance是时间状语从句，where the path from input to output becomes less transparent是非限制性定语从句。 【翻译】随着这些模型的发展，它们越来越多地作为“黑盒子”运行，从输入到输出的路径变得不那么透明。 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI在应对城市自然灾害威胁方面的应用、优势以及面临的挑战。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The number of people living in urban areas has tripled (三倍) in the last 50 years. If a major natural disaster hits a city, more lives are in danger. Meanwhile, extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent than ever due to climate change. (在过去的50年里，居住在城市地区的人数增加了两倍。如果一场重大的自然灾害袭击一个城市，更多的生命将处于危险之中。与此同时，由于气候变化，极端天气事件正变得比以往任何时候都更强烈、更频繁。)”可知，城市人口增长增加了灾难风险，导致城市自然灾害威胁日益增长。故选C。 6．主旨大意题。通读第二段，尤其是根据第二段中“Luckily, AI is stepping up to help. Its applications in tackling various hazards are already making a difference. (幸运的是，人工智能正在加大力度提供帮助。它在应对各种危害方面的应用已经产生了影响。)”可知，第二段主要聚焦于AI在提高灾害防范能力方面的作用。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting. Traditional models, which rely on complex equations to simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere, require supercomputers. As a result, they can take hours to generate a single forecast. By contrast, AI weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of climate data. This data can be easily gathered from satellites and ground sensors and shared by governments. (但最近的进展提高了预报的准确性和速度。传统模型依赖复杂的方程式来模拟大气中水汽与空气的相互作用，需要超级计算机支持。因此，它们可能需要数小时才能生成一个预报。相比之下，人工智能气象模型通过对数十年气候数据的训练来学习识别模式。这些数据可以轻松从卫星和地面传感器收集，并由各国政府共享。)”可知，AI通过学习过去的数据来更快地预测，从而优于传统模型。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Luckily, AI is stepping up to help. Its applications in tackling various hazards are already making a difference. (幸运的是，人工智能正在加大力度提供帮助。它在应对各种危害方面的应用已经产生了影响。)”可知，作者肯定 AI 在灾害应对中的积极作用；根据第三段中“But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting. Traditional models, which rely on complex equations to simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere, require supercomputers. As a result, they can take hours to generate a single forecast. By contrast, AI weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of climate data. (但最近的进展提高了预报的准确性和速度。传统模型依赖复杂的方程式来模拟大气中水汽与空气的相互作用，需要超级计算机支持。因此，它们可能需要数小时才能生成一个预报。相比之下，人工智能气象模型通过对数十年气候数据的训练来学习识别模式。)”可知，作者强调AI的进步。根据第四段中“However, AI models are only as good as the data they are trained on, which can be a problem in some places. (人工智能模型的优劣取决于其训练数据，这在某些地方可能成为一个问题。)”“AI systems trained on this skewed (有偏差的) data can be less accurate and negatively affect forecasts. In addition, unlike physics-based models, which follow set rules, AI models become more and more complex. (基于这种扭曲数据训练的人工智能系统可能不太准确，并对预测产生负面影响。此外，与遵循既定规则的基于物理的模型不同，人工智能模型变得越来越复杂。)”可知，作者承认数据偏差和模型复杂性等挑战。所以作者认为人工智能在灾害应对中尽管存在挑战但仍持乐观态度。故选B。 Passage 3 7选5 （2025·江苏省南通市海安市高三上学期11月期中） A smartphone can be a lifeline in a natural disaster. 1 Unfortunately, many disasters like wildfires, floods, earthquakes and hurricanes take away the exact things phones rely on to do that work: electricity and cell services. Here are some of the best ways you can get your phone in the best shape to help you. Assume your electricity can go out at any time and plan accordingly. 2 If possible, leave them plugged in until the last minute. Also charge any backup batteries and laptops, then make sure all charging cords are collected in one place to take with you. If the power is out, or if you’re no longer someplace with an outlet, you’ll need to make any charges last as long as possible. 3 Extreme cold and heat can cause your phone battery to be less efficient and even stop your phone from working. You’ll typically see a warning sign on the screen if this happens. If you can turn it off, don’t turn it back on until it’s back to an acceptable temperature. Whether it’s extreme cold or heat, avoid leaving your phone exposed and don’t leave it in a car. Your friends and family will want to know you are safe and your location in case you aren’t safe. Send your location with everyone over text, so they’ll know where to look if you lose contact. Make sure to include people outside of the disaster zone. If you are using a GPS location-sharing option, don’t just send your current spot one time. 4 If you’re struggling to find reliable Internet connections, there are apps that could still help you stay in touch or give you helpful information. 5 For example, download the Google Maps information for surrounding areas in case you need to move fast and cell service isn’t available. Put in your main location, hit the three dots in the corner, select Download Offline Map. You can crop the exact area you think you’ll need. A．You should select the option to share it constantly. B．Charge your phone and any additional devices ahead of time. C．Don’t use your phone for a long time when in a natural disaster. D．It can connect you instantly to assistance and real-time resources. E．Most modern phones are sturdy but sensitive to their environments. F．Download and set them up early as part of your disaster preparation. G．If your phone gets wet, shake out any excess water and remove the battery. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．F 【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要提供了自然灾害中如何保持手机功能正常以确保安全的实用建议。 1．上文“A smartphone can be a lifeline in a natural disaster. (在自然灾害中，智能手机可以成为生命线)”及下文“Unfortunately, many disasters like wildfires, floods, earthquakes and hurricanes take away the exact things phones rely on to do that work: electricity and cell services. (不幸的是，像野火、洪水、地震和飓风等许多灾害夺走了手机正常工作所依赖的东西：电力和蜂窝服务)”说明智能手机在自然灾害中很重要，但是许多灾害会夺走手机正常工作所依赖的电力和蜂窝服务，空处承上启下，衔接前后两部分内容，说明智能手机的重要性，D选项“它可以让你立即连接到援助和实时资源”符合语境，既承接上文智能手机的重要性，又引出下文在自然灾害中如何使智能手机发挥最大作用。故选D。 2．上文“Assume your electricity can go out at any time and plan accordingly. (假设你的电可能会随时中断，并据此做出计划)”及下文“If possible, leave them plugged in until the last minute. (如果可能的话，让它们一直插着电，直到最后一刻)”说明要做好电力中断的准备及具体措施，空处需要一个句子来引导具体的准备措施，说明要提前给手机充电，B选项“提前给你的手机和任何其他设备充电”直接提到了准备措施之一，符合语境。故选B。 3．下文“Extreme cold and heat can cause your phone battery to be less efficient and even stop your phone from working. (极寒和极热都会导致你的手机电池效率降低，甚至使你的手机无法工作)”说明手机电池在不同环境下效率不同，空处应引出下文，说明手机与环境的相关内容，E选项“大多数现代手机都很坚固，但对环境很敏感”指出了手机对环境条件敏感的事实，符合语境。故选E。 4．上文“If you are using a GPS location-sharing option, don’t just send your current spot one time. (如果你在使用GPS位置共享选项，不要只发送一次你当前的位置)”说明要多次发送位置，空处承接上文，指导用户如何正确使用位置共享功能，A选项“你应该选择持续共享它的选项”建议了正确的使用方法，符合语境。故选A。 5．上文“If you’re struggling to find reliable Internet connections, there are apps that could still help you stay in touch or give you helpful information. (如果你难以找到可靠的互联网连接，有一些应用程序仍然可以帮助你保持联系或为你提供有用的信息)”及下文“For example, download the Google Maps information for surrounding areas in case you need to move fast and cell service isn’t available. (例如，下载周围地区的谷歌地图信息，以防你需要快速移动而手机服务不可用)”说明要提前下载好应用程序，空处承上启下，应建议用户提前下载这些应用程序，F选项“提前下载并设置好它们，作为你灾难准备的一部分”提醒用户提前做好准备，符合语境。故选F。 Passage 4 完形填空 （2025届湖北省黄冈中学高三下学期第四次模拟） After 17 days of tense rescue efforts, 41 construction workers trapped in a collapsed Himalayan tunnel were finally freed on Tuesday. The disaster 1 on November 12 when part of a tunnel being built in northern India’s Uttarakhand state suddenly collapsed. Over 60 meters of broken rocks and metal debris 2 the exit, trapping the workers inside. Rescue teams immediately began 3 the blockage using heavy machinery, but progress faced repeated 4 . A key American-made drilling machine broke down just meters away from reaching the trapped men last Friday, forcing workers to complete the final 5 by hand. Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami 6 at a press conference that all rescued workers showed no signs of serious injury. “Although medical teams prepared stretchers (担架), many chose to 7 out on their own. Doctors will continue monitoring them, but no serious conditions have been reported,” he stated, praising the combined 8 of engineers, medical staff, and government departments. Throughout the crisis, rescuers 9 contact with the trapped workers through a 53-meter pipe that delivered oxygen, food, and water. Doctors provided mental health guidance to help the men stay 10 . Family members 11 every day at the tunnel entrance, praying for their safe return. As a backup plan, engineers had started drilling downward through 12 mountain areas. However, the original horizontal drilling plan 13 succeeded. In the final stage, rescuers pushed a wide pipe through the cleared path, allowing the workers to escape 14 . The rescued laborers, all migrant workers from India’s less developed regions, demonstrated remarkable 15 during their 17-day underground experience. 1．A．attacked B．struck C．started D．arrived 2．A．closed B．blocked C．disturbed D．destroyed 3．A．cutting through B．digging through C．drilling through D．breaking through 4．A．dangers B．accidents C．risks D．setbacks 5．A．division B．section C．journey D．attempt 6．A．declared B．doubted C．imagined D．questioned 7．A．run B．skip C．crawl D．slide 8．A．effects B．efforts C．skills D．plans 9．A．maintained B．lost C．built D．required 10．A．quiet B．energized C．still D．calm 11．A．met B．formed C．gathered D．stood 12．A．unusual B．uncommon C．uncertain D．unstable 13．A．ultimately B．suddenly C．possibly D．temporarily 14．A．safely B．quickly C．freely D．bravely 15．A．kindness B．insight C．strength D．wisdom 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．A 15．C 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了印度北阿坎德邦隧道坍塌后41名被困工人17天后成功获救。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：11月12日，印度北阿坎德邦北部一条正在建设的隧道部分突然坍塌，灾难发生。A. attacked攻击；B. struck突然发生；C. started开始；D. arrived到达。根据上文“The disaster”和下文“when part of a tunnel being built in northern India’s Uttarakhand state suddenly collapsed”可知，此处指灾难突然发生。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：超过60米的破碎岩石和金属碎片堵塞了出口，将工人困在里面。A. closed关闭；B. blocked堵塞；C. disturbed打扰；D. destroyed破坏。根据下文“trapping the workers inside”可知，此处指岩石和金属碎片堵塞了出口。故选B。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：救援队立即开始用重型机械钻穿堵塞物，但进展多次受挫。A. cutting through切断；B. digging through挖通；C. drilling through钻穿；D. breaking through突破。根据下文“the blockage using heavy machinery”可知，此处指用重型机械钻穿堵塞物。故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. dangers危险；B. accidents事故；C. risks风险；D. setbacks挫折。根据下文“A key American-made drilling machine broke down just meters away from reaching the trapped men last Friday”可知，此处指救援进展多次受挫。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：上周五，一台关键的美制钻机在距离被困人员仅几米处发生故障，迫使工人们手工完成最后一段。A. division分配；B. section部分，段；C. journey旅程；D. attempt尝试。根据上文“A key American-made drilling machine broke down just meters away from reaching the trapped men last Friday, forcing workers to complete the final”和下文“by hand”可知，机器坏了，此处指手工完成最后一段。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：北阿坎德邦首席部长普什卡尔·辛格·达米在新闻发布会上宣布，所有获救工人都没有严重受伤的迹象。A. declared宣布；B. doubted怀疑；C. imagined想象；D. questioned询问。根据下文“at a press conference that all rescued workers showed no signs of serious injury”可知，此处指首席部长在新闻发布会上宣布。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“虽然医疗队准备了担架，但许多人选择自己爬出来。医生将继续监测他们，但没有报告严重的病情，”他说，赞扬了工程师、医务人员和政府部门的共同努力。A. run跑；B. skip跳过；C. crawl爬；D. slide滑动。根据下文“out on their own”可知，此处指许多人选择自己爬出来。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. effects影响；B. efforts努力；C. skills技能；D. plans计划。根据下文“of engineers, medical staff, and government departments”可知，此处指赞扬了工程师、医务人员和政府部门的共同努力。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在整个危机期间，救援人员通过一根53米长的管道与被困工人保持联系，该管道输送氧气、食物和水。A. maintained保持；B. lost失去；C. built建造；D. required要求。根据下文“contact with the trapped workers through a 53-meter pipe that delivered oxygen, food, and water”可知，此处指救援人员与被困工人保持联系。故选A。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生提供了心理健康指导，帮助这些人保持冷静。A. quiet安静的；B. energized充满活力的；C. still静止的；D. calm冷静的。根据上文“Doctors provided mental health guidance”可知，此处指帮助这些人保持冷静。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：家属们每天聚集在隧道入口处，祈祷他们平安归来。A. met遇见；B. formed形成；C. gathered聚集；D. stood站立。根据下文“at the tunnel entrance, praying for their safe return”可知，此处指家属们聚集在隧道入口处。故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为备用计划，工程师们已经开始在不稳定的山区向下钻孔。A. unusual不寻常的；B. uncommon不常见的；C. uncertain不确定的；D. unstable不稳定的。根据上文“As a backup plan”和下文“mountain areas”可知，此处指在不稳定的山区向下钻孔作为备用计划。故选D。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，最初的横向钻探计划最终成功了。A. ultimately最终；B. suddenly突然；C. possibly可能；D. temporarily暂时地。根据下文“succeeded. In the final stage, rescuers pushed a wide pipe through the cleared path, allowing the workers to escape”可知，此处指最初的横向钻探计划最终成功了。故选A。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在最后阶段，救援人员将一根粗管子推过清理好的通道，让工人们安全逃脱。A. safely安全地；B. quickly快速地；C. freely自由地；D. bravely勇敢地。根据下文“In the final stage, rescuers pushed a wide pipe through the cleared path, allowing the workers to escape”可知，此处指让工人们安全逃脱。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些获救的工人都是来自印度欠发达地区的农民工，在17天的地下经历中表现出了非凡的毅力。A. kindness善良；B. insight洞察力；C. strength毅力；D. wisdom智慧。根据下文“during their 17-day underground experience”可知，此处指这些工人在17天的地下经历中表现出了非凡的毅力。故选C。 Passage 5 语法填空 （2025·山东省名校考试联盟高三3月高考模拟） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Around 500 BC, the 1 (state) of the Zhou Dynasty era spread to the Yangtze basin that suffered from disasters, periodic large-scale flooding, 2 each year, they faced monsoon storms and typhoon winds along the coast. The thick forests then were 3 ready supply of wood. 4 (deal) with frequent natural disasters and the destruction due to wars and fighting, the builders in the Zhou region adopted the dougong bracket system. This system made rebuilding and 5 (maintain) the buildings much more efficient. The Chinese made their wooden buildings slightly flexible to withstand natural disasters and for easier repair and reconfiguration as the need 6 (arise). The wooden parts such as columns and beams(横梁) were 7 (easy) replaced or reused to make other structures as needed since they were not joined together with fasteners. The durability of the wooden buildings has stood the test of time, of 8 the Forbidden City is a good example. After they were built about 600 years ago, Beijing has experienced about 200 earthquakes. The buildings survived 9 little damage due to the flexible brackets and loose pillars. The basic elements of ancient architectural design remained 10 (change) for thousands of years in China. The essence and wisdom of Chinese architecture will continue to serve as an inspiration for the world civilization. 【答案】 1．states 2．and 3．a 4．To deal 5．maintaining 6．arose 7．easily 8．which 9．with 10．unchanged 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述中国古代建筑的设计和特点，展示了其在应对自然灾害和战争中的优势，并强调了其耐久性和对世界文明的贡献。 1．考查名词复数。句意：公元前500年左右，周朝时代的各诸侯国扩散到遭受灾害、周期性大规模洪水的长江流域，每年都面临沿海的季风风暴和台风大风。根据后文中的“they”可推知，这里应是名词复数作主语，指“周朝时期的诸侯国”。故填states。 2．考查连词。句意：公元前500年左右，周朝时代的各诸侯国扩散到遭受灾害、周期性大规模洪水的长江流域，每年都面临沿海的季风风暴和台风大风。分析前后文语境可知，空后句子“each year, they faced monsoon storms and typhoon winds along the coast(每年，他们都要面对沿海的季风风暴和台风)”与前文为并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 3．考查不定冠词。句意：当时茂密的森林是现成的木材供应。“supply”意为“供应”，可数名词表泛指，因此所填空为不定冠词做限定词。“a ready supply”意为“现成的供应”。故填a。 4．考查动词不定式。句意：为了应对频繁的自然灾害以及战争和战斗造成的破坏，周地区的建设者采用了斗拱体系。此处为句子的目的状语，用动词不定式表达；置于句首，首字母大写。故填To deal。 5．考查动名词。句意：这个系统使得建筑的重建和维护更加高效。所填应是动名词形式，与空前“rebuilding”并列，作动词“made”的宾语。故填maintaining。 6．考查动词时态。句意：中国人使他们的木制建筑具有轻微的灵活性，以抵御自然灾害，并在需要时更容易修复和重新配置。所填动词作从句谓语动词。结合主句可知，使用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填arose。 7．考查副词。句意：像柱子和横梁这样的木制部件很容易被替换或再利用，因为它们没有用紧固件连接在一起。这里应是用副词作状语，修饰动词“replaced or reused”。“easy”，形容词，意为“容易的”，其副词形式为“easily”。故填easily。 8．考查定语从句。句意：木制建筑的耐久性经受住了时间的考验，紫禁城就是一个很好的例子。“of ____8____  the Forbidden City is a good example”为之前“The durability of the wooden buildings”的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 9．考查介词。句意：由于灵活的支架和松散的柱子，这些建筑幸存下来，几乎没有损坏。此处为伴随状语，用介词with表达。“with little damage”意为“几乎没有损坏地”。故填with。 10．考查形容词。句意：几千年来，中国古代建筑设计的基本要素保持不变。空前“remained”为系动词，之后接形容词作表语。“change”，动词，意为“改变”，结合语境，这里应用其形容词形式“unchanged(不变；没有变化)”。故填unchanged。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$