UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Writing（Word练习）-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（北师大版2019）

课时作业(8)　A卷　基础巩固 [对应学生用书P177] Ⅰ.阅读理解 Have you ever wondered how your favorite NBA team received its famous name? All NBA teams have an interesting story or a history behind their names. Some of the names reflected the city's culture or history, others came from previous owners and many were selected through “Name the Team” contests. For teams like Los Angeles and Utah, the names were not always a reflection of the city. Even though Los Angeles has no lakes, the Laker name has been a city treasure for almost 40 years. Before going to Los Angeles, the team originated in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 1948, team officials chose the name for its direct relationship to the state's motto, “The Land of 10，000 Lakes.” The team name went unchanged after moving to Los Angeles in 1960. Because Utah's team originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, it was called the Jazz. In 1974, New Orleans club officials chose the name to represent the city for its reputation as the “jazz capital of the world.” The name stayed with the team even after finding a new home in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1979. The Chicago Bull's original owner, Richard Klein, named the team the Bulls. He picked the name because a fighting bull is relentless, and never quits. Klein, who founded the club in 1966, believed these qualities were necessary for a championship team and hoped his Chicago athletes would live up to the team name. A belief that Bulls—winner of the six NBA championships have definitely followed. In 1967, the Indian Pacers selected their team name in a different way from most other teams. Their decision was based on what they wanted to accomplish in the NBA. Team officials chose the Pacers name because the organization wanted to set the “pace” in professional basketball. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍NBA球队的队名背后的故事，在后四段里分别介绍了“洛杉矶湖人队、犹他爵士队、芝加哥公牛队和印第安纳步行者队”这四个队名的历史由来。 1．Which can be the best title for this passage? A．History of NBA B．Stories behind the names of NBA Teams C．Famous NBA Teams D．Interesting Stories about NBA B　[标题判断题。根据文章前两句“Have you ever wondered how your favorite NBA team received its famous name? All NBA teams have an interesting story or a history behind their names.”可知本文主要介绍NBA球队的队名背后的故事，在后四段里分别介绍了“洛杉矶湖人队、犹他爵士队、芝加哥公牛队和印第安纳步行者队”这四个队名的历史由来。] 2．Los Angeles' team is named “the Laker” because ． A. Los Angeles is a city of lakes B．it was named after a city treasure C.the team got this name in another city, which had a lot of lakes D.the name was selected from a “Name the Team” contest C　[细节理解题。根据第二段三四句“Before going to Los Angeles, the team originated in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 1948, team officials chose the name for its direct relationship to the state's motto, ‘The Land of 10，000 Lakes.’”可知湖人队在搬到洛杉矶之前是在明尼苏达的Minneapolis城，这个地方有很多湖泊，由此得名为湖人队，后来才搬到洛杉矶。] 3．“Jazz capital of the world” refers to ． A．New Orleans　 B．Salt Lake City C．Los Angeles D．Minneapolis A　[细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Because Utah's team originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, it was called the Jazz. In 1974, New Orleans club officials chose the name to represent the city for its reputation as the ‘jazz capital of the world.’”可知犹他爵士队原来是在路易斯安娜的新奥尔良市，他们取名爵士是为了纪念新奥尔良市作为世界爵士乐之都的荣耀。] 4．Richard Klein named Chicago's team “the Bulls” mainly because ． A．he had guessed the success of the team B.he wished the team to have the qualities of fighting bulls C．Chicago was then a city famous for fighting bulls D.people in Chicago used to like watching bull fighting B　[推理判断题。根据第四段二三句“He picked the name because a fighting bull is relentless, and never quits. Klein, who founded the club in 1966, believed these qualities were necessary for a championship team and hoped his Chicago athletes would live up to the team name.”可知Klein选择公牛为队名是希望这支球队能够像公牛一样永不放弃追求胜利。] Ⅱ.七选五 Drinking hot water regularly can provide many health benefits, including improved digestive health and weight loss. The taste of hot water may not suit your taste. 1 While adding these things doesn't change all the benefits provided by the hot water, it may cause weight gain, depending on what you add to the hot water. The biggest benefit from drinking any form of water, hot or cold, is providing water for your body. 2 Meanwhile, it provides a medium for all of the biochemical and metabolic(新陈代谢的) processes in your body. While any type of water can provide your body with enough water, hot water may help you lose weight. Hot water may increase body temperature and therefore increase the metabolic rate slightly. 3 4 Boiled water decreases the number of bacteria(细菌) found in water, making hot water better than room temperature or cold water by reducing your chance of getting infected(感染的). Hot water increases the circulation and decreases the ability for bad bacteria. The theory of Chinese Medicine states that you should drink warm water, about the same temperature as the body. 5 If you have cold signs such as frequent coldness, thirst, depression, sleepiness, hot water can bring your body back into balance. A．Try to drink more water in the morning. B．It helps your body clear waste products. C．You can add some other things like caffeine or sugar. D．Drinking water indeed brings lots of benefits to human's health. E．Hot water may decrease the number of infections you suffer from. F．That is because hot water and cold water affect the balance of your body. G．An increased metabolic rate causes your body to use more calories throughout the day. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了饮用热水对身体的好处。 1．C　[此空设于段中，是一个过渡句，起到承上启下的作用。根据上文的“The taste of hot water...”以及下文的“While adding these things...”可知答案。] 2．B　[此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本空中的It指代上文的providing water for your body，故可知答案。] 3．G　[根据上文的“Hot water may increase body temperature and therefore increase the metabolic rate slightly.”可知，热水可能会增加体温，从而略微提高新陈代谢率。新陈代谢率增加会使你的身体全天消耗更多卡路里。] 4．E　[此空设于段首，是一个主题句。下文内容是围绕着喝热水可以减少感染这一主题展开的。] 5．F　[此空设于段中，与上文存在解释关系。中医理论认为你应该喝与身体温度相同的温水。那是因为热水和冷水会影响身体的平衡。] Ⅲ.语法填空 When the modern Olympic Games 1. (start) in 1896 in Athens, Greece, there was no such thing as the Winter Olympics. 2. (player) completed only in the Summer Games. However, there were the Nordic Games. There was a(n) 3. (compete) of winter sports that took place every few years starting in 1901. But the Nordic Games were only to athletes 4. Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The winter sports were popular, so in 1924 an International Winter Sports Week 5. (hold) in Chamonix, France. About 250 athletes from 16 countries　competed in nine sports and there were 11 female athletes, 6. competed in figure skating. Still, the Winter Olympics were under way, adding more sports to the games and 7. (especial) more sports for women. Women got the chance 8. (take) part in skiing, ice hockey(冰球)9. other sports. Now the Games have such 10. (interest) events as snowboarding and skelton(俯式冰橇). [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬奥会的发展历史。 1．started　[考查时态语态。句意：当1896年现代奥运会在希腊雅典开始的时候，并没有冬奥会这样的比赛。本句的时间状语是in 1896，表示过去时间，要用一般过去时；主语the modern Olympic Games与start构成主动关系，要用主动语态。所以要填started。] 2．Players　[考查名词单复数。句意：运动员们只参加夏季奥运会。这里泛指参加奥运会的运动员，应该用复数形式，所以要填Players。] 3．competition　[考查名词。本句是there be句式，不定冠词a后面要接名词形式，在句中作主语，所以要填competition。] 4．from　[考查介词。句意：但是the Nordic Games只允许来自丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典的运动员参加。介词from意为“来自”，句中它的宾语是Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden。所以要填介词from。] 5．was held　[考查语态。本句主语an International Winter Sports Week与动词hold构成被动关系；句中的时间状语in 1924表示过去时间，句中要用一般过去时的被动语态，所以要填was held。] 6．who　[考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是ll female athletes，关系代词who指代先行词，引导定语从句并在句中作主语。所以要填who。] 7．especially　[考查副词。句意：冬季奥运会还在发展中，增加了更多的运动项目尤其是女性项目。在英语里副词通常作状语修饰形容词、其它副词、动词、数词、介词短语或整个句子，所以句中要填especially。] 8．to take　[考查不定式。句意：女性得到了参加滑雪、冰球和其他项目的机会。句中不定式to take...作定语修饰名词the chance。所以要填不定式to take。] 9．and　[考查连词。句意：女性得到了参加滑雪、冰球和其他项目的机会。根据句意可知skiing、ice hockey和other sports是并列关系，要用并列连词连接，所以要填and。] 10．interesting　[考查形容词。句意：现在冬奥会上有像滑雪板和俯式冰橇这样有趣的项目。句中应该使用形容词interesting作定语修饰名词events。所以要填interesting。] 课时作业(8)　B卷　素能提升 [对应学生用书P180] Ⅰ.阅读理解 The World Health Organization says the widespread use of sugar in food products and drinks is a major concern in many areas.So WHO officials are calling on governments to require taxes on sugary drinks in an effort to limit their usage and popularity.The officials believe the taxes also would reduce the risk of health problems resulting from obesity. Obesity is a condition in which the body stores large，unhealthy amounts of fat.Obese individuals are considered overweight.A new report says that in 2014 more than one­third of the adults in the world were overweight，and 500 million were considered obese.The United Nations agency estimates that in 2015，42 million children under age 5 were either overweight or obese.It says that the number represents an increase of about 11 million during the past 15 years.Almost half of these boys and girls live in Asia and one­fourth in Africa. The UN agency blames unhealthy diets for a rise in diabetes cases.There are 422 million cases of the disease worldwide.The WHO says 1.5 million people die from it every year.It says the use of sugar in food products，like sugary drinks，is a major reason for the increase in rates of obesity and diabetes. Temo Waganivalu is with the agency's Department for the Prevention on Non­communicable Diseases.He told VOA that taxing sugary drinks would reduce consumption and save lives.Waganivalu noted that Mexico enacted a 10 percent tax on sugary drinks in 2014.He said by the end of the year，there was a 6 percent drop in the consumption of such drinks.Among poor people，the number of people who consumed sugary drinks dropped by 17 percent. The WHO says people should limit the amount of sugar they consume.It says they should keep their sugar intake to below 10 percent of their total energy needs，and reduce it to less than 5 percent for improved health. [语篇解读]　研究发现由于广泛地在食品和饮料中应用糖导致了健康问题，于是人们呼吁对含糖饮料征税。 1．Why are taxes on sugary drinks required? A．To limit their usage and popularity. B．To readjust the economic structure. C．To warn people to change their lifestyle. D．To ensure the market's diverse development. A　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“to limit their usage and popularity”可知选A项。] 2．What do the figures in the second paragraph suggest? A．Adult obesity is ignored at present. B．Obesity is a severe worldwide problem. C．Obesity can block economic development. D．Obesity is most serious in developed countries. B　[推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“A new report says that in 2014 more than one­third of the adults in the world were overweight，and 500 million were considered obese.”可知，肥胖是世界范围内一个严重的问题。] 3．What does the underlined word “enact”mean in the passage? A．Abolish.　　　　　 B．Pass. C．Promise. D．Reduce. B　[词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句“ He told VOA that taxing sugary drinks would reduce consumption and save lives.”可知，2014年墨西哥通过了法律，对含糖饮料征收10%的税。] 4．What does the example of Mexico prove? A．Tax policies are unfair to the poor. B．Sugary drinks are a threat to health. C．The poor consume more sugary drinks. D．Taxing sugary drinks makes a difference. D　[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知，墨西哥对含糖饮料征税后，饮料的消费量下降，改善了人们的健康状况。由此可推知对含糖饮料征税很有效。] Ⅱ.完形填空 With all the reports of how unhealthy fast food is, why is anybody still eating it? The 1 is, it is cheap, convenient and filling. The problem is that just one fast food meal can provide 2 calories, sodium and fat for a(n) 3 day or more! Eating fast food too often can lead to a variety of different health problems 4 obesity. A recent study from Reuters 5 that fast food companies are increasing 6 to market themselves to children through television ads and websites to kids. In fact, the fast food industry 7 more than $4.2 billion in 2009 on marketing and advertising! Why do companies spend so much money on child­targeted advertising? Because it 8 . These commercials cause our children to hunger for these 9 foods. And with the average child exposed to over 40，000 commercials a year, it is no 10 children have a desire for fast food. Because of the epidemic (频发) of the childhood obesity, San Francisco 11 a law about fast food. The law, which took 12 on December 1, 2011, limits the fast food industry's practice of 13 toys with children's meals. Kid's meals must meet certain nutritional standards before they can be sold with toys. They must be less than 600 calories, contain fruits or vegetables and include beverages (饮料) without excessive fat or sugar. Toys tend to attract children to these kid's meals so certainly this law will 14 ． Eating fast food doesn't have to be a disaster. There are ways to make healthy 15 . So while the healthier choices are there, it's really up to the consumer to pay close attention while ordering. [语篇解读]　好多研究报告表明快餐是不健康的，那么为什么还有人要吃呢？文章分析了快餐存在的理由以及政府部门采取的一些相应措施。作者认为快餐并非是个灾难，做出明智的选择才会吃出健康。 1．A.trouble　　　　　　　　 B．fact C．reason D．disaster C　[根据上句中的“why ...”可知，此处是对它的回答。] 2．A.poor B．enough C．much D．little B　[根据本句句末的“or more”及第4空前后的关键信息“health problems”和“obesity”可知，一顿快餐能为一整天或更长时间提供足够的卡路里、钠和脂肪。] 3．A.entire B．ordinary C．average D．extra A　[此处指一整天或更长时间。entire “整个的”，符合语境。] 4．A.regarding B．judging C．including D．following C　[由语境可知，这些健康问题包括肥胖。] 5．A.shows B．learns C．thinks D．wonders A　[根据that从句的内容可知，应该是最近的研究“表明”。] 6．A.money B．pressure C．dangers D．efforts D　[由语境可知，快餐公司正“努力”通过电视广告和适用于儿童的网站开发儿童市场。] 7．A.spent B．gained C．completed D．saved A　[spend ... on... 意为“把……花费在……上”，此处指2009年花费了不止42亿美元。] 8．A.matters B．exists C．remains D．works D　[下句表述这些广告使孩子们渴望这些食品，由此可知，广告起了作用。] 9．A.important B．natural C．unhealthy D．uncommon C　[由文章第一句中的关键信息“unhealthy fast food”及上下文语境可判断此处是指这些不健康的食品。] 10．A.trouble B．wonder C．worry D．need B　[根据语境可知，在广告的影响下，孩子们渴望快餐并不奇怪。固定句式It's no wonder that ... 表示“……是不足为奇的”。] 11．A.passed B．guessed C．took D．started A　[由于儿童肥胖症的频发，旧金山通过了一项有关快餐的法令。pass a law “通过一项法令”。] 12．A.measures B．effect C．steps D．risks B　[此处指该法令于2011年12月1日生效。take effect “生效”，符合语境。] 13．A.giving off B．giving out C．giving up D．giving away D　[该法令限制快餐行业随着儿童食物向儿童赠送玩具。give away “赠送”，符合语境。] 14．A.stop B．help C．change D．last B　[玩具吸引孩子们买这些儿童食物，所以这项法令对孩子们的健康是有帮助的。] 15．A.plans B．decisions C．choices D．changes C　[此处表述吃快餐不一定就是灾难，有方法让大家做出健康的选择，下一句中的healthier choices属于同词复现。] Ⅲ.应用文写作 假设你是高一学生李华，你校英文报Sports栏目正在开展以My Favorite Sport为题的征文比赛。请你向英文报投稿。内容包括： 1．你喜欢的运动； 2．你喜欢该运动的原因及该项运动带来的好处。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 My Favorite Sport 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [参考范文] My Favorite Sport When it comes to my favorite sport, what I'd like to say is that I like swimming best. I was often taken to a pool to practice swimming by my mother when I was young. Whenever I saw my mother dive into the swimming pool, I couldn't help following her bravely. Gradually, I became interested in swimming. Swimming serves as a good way to relax myself. What's more, I become stronger and stronger because of the frequent swimming. I find so much fun from swimming and it greatly enriches my life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$