Unit 1 Water 水（话题阅读精练）英语沪教版五四学制2024八年级上册

Unit 1 Water 水（话题阅读精练） 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Water—the best drink 访谈 说明文 约 300 通过《健康生活》杂志对麦克布莱德博士的采访，介绍了水对人体的重要性、每日饮水量、缺水的后果等内容 实战演练 语法选择 说明文 约 250 介绍沙漠化现象及水土保持的重要性，考查语法知识 阅读理解 A 说明文 约 250 围绕世界水资源短缺问题，介绍地球水资源分布、缺水原因及解决办法 B 说明文 约 250 介绍联合国设立冰川保护年和世界冰川日的原因、冰川的形成与重要性及面临的威胁 完形填空 说明文 约 150 介绍海洋作为众多生物的家园，以及其作为巨大资源库的重要性 短文填空 说明文 约 300 介绍三江源国家公园的基本情况、曾面临的危机及保护措施与现状 任务型阅读 说明文 约 200 讲述全球淡水短缺问题，介绍获取淡水的方法及节约用水的重要性 时文阅读 Water—the best drink Healthy Life magazine interviewed Dr Danielle McBride about something that's very important for everyone — water. Healthy Life: How important is water? Dr McBride: Very important. For adults, water is about 55% to 60% of their body weight. For children, it's higher — up to 75%. Water is in our blood, our bones and all the other parts of our body. It keeps our bodies moving and working well. Healthy Life: How much water should we drink? Dr McBride: We need to take in about 2 litres of water a day. About 20% of this comes from the food we eat. For example, vegetables and fruit are mostly water. But about 80% comes from the fluids we drink. Healthy Life: What about drinks like tea, juice and coffee? Dr McBride: They are fine, but it's better to drink plain water. We need about seven or eight glasses a day. Healthy Life: What happens if we don't drink enough? Dr McBride: When people lose just 2% of their body's water, they can start to feel weak and tired. It may be hard to think clearly. When they lose more than that, things start to get serious. Healthy Life: So, water helps us stay healthy. Thanks, Doctor. 【原文翻译】 水——最佳饮品 《健康生活》杂志就一件对每个人都至关重要的东西 —— 水，采访了丹妮尔・麦克布莱德博士。 《健康生活》：水有多重要？ 麦克布莱德博士：非常重要。对于成年人来说，水分约占体重的 55% 至 60%。对于儿童而言，这一比例更高，可达 75%。水存在于我们的血液、骨骼以及身体的所有其他部位。它维持着我们身体的正常活动和良好运转。 《健康生活》：我们应该喝多少水？ 麦克布莱德博士：我们每天需要摄入约 2 升水。其中约 20% 来自我们所吃的食物。比如，蔬菜和水果大部分都是水分。而大约 80% 来自我们喝的饮品。 《健康生活》：那像茶、果汁和咖啡这类饮品呢？ 麦克布莱德博士：这些饮品没问题，但最好还是喝白开水。我们每天大约需要喝七八杯。 《健康生活》：如果我们喝不够水会怎么样？ 麦克布莱德博士：当人们体内的水分仅流失 2% 时，就可能会开始感到虚弱和疲惫，也许还难以清晰思考。当水分流失超过这个比例，情况就会开始变得严重。 《健康生活》：所以，水有助于我们保持健康。谢谢您，博士。 【长难句分析】 1.原文：For adults, water is about 55% to 60% of their body weight. For children, it's higher — up to 75%. 翻译：对于成年人来说，水分约占体重的 55% 至 60%。对于儿童而言，这一比例更高，可达 75%。 分析：句子结构为 “主语（water/it）+ be 动词 + 比例 + of + 名词（body weight）”，通过 “for + 人群” 的结构对比成年人和儿童体内的水分占比，破折号后的 “up to” 进一步补充说明儿童水分比例的上限，逻辑清晰，易于理解。 2.原文：We need to take in about 2 litres of water a day. About 20% of this comes from the food we eat. 翻译：我们每天需要摄入约 2 升水。其中约 20% 来自我们所吃的食物。 分析：第一句是主谓宾结构，“need to take in” 是核心短语，表 “需要摄入”；第二句中 “this” 指代前文的 “2 litres of water”，“we eat” 是定语从句修饰 “food”，通过代词和从句简化表达，体现上下文联系。 3.原文：When people lose just 2% of their body's water, they can start to feel weak and tired. It may be hard to think clearly. 翻译：当人们体内的水分仅流失 2% 时，他们就可能会开始感到虚弱和疲惫，也许还难以清晰思考。 分析：第一句是 “when” 引导的时间状语从句，主句用 “start to do” 表动作开始；第二句 “it” 为形式主语，真正主语是 “to think clearly”，通过两句衔接描述缺水 2% 的具体后果，符合逻辑递进关系。 【重难词汇梳理】 词汇 汉语翻译 词性 发音（音标） important 重要的 adj. /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adult 成年人 n. /ˈædʌlt/ weight 体重 n. /weɪt/ child 儿童 n. /tʃaɪld/ blood 血液 n. /blʌd/ bone 骨骼 n. /bəʊn/ litre 升（容量单位） n. /ˈliːtə(r)/ fluid 液体 n. /ˈfluːɪd/ plain 纯的；清淡的 adj. /pleɪn/ weak 虚弱的 adj. /wiːk/ tired 疲惫的 adj. /ˈtaɪəd/ serious 严重的 adj. /ˈsɪəriəs/ 实战演练 一、语法选择 There are deserts (沙漠) all over the world. Most deserts are very hot 1 dry. But some parts of a desert can become very colourful after it rains. Many plants make flowers only when it rains. If there is water, the desert can be a home to many living things. Scientists are trying 2 the deserts into good land again. Scientists want to bring water to the deserts so that people can live and grow food. They 3 a lot about the deserts now. But more and more places on the earth are becoming deserts. It is hard 4 scientists to change the deserts in time. Scientists think that people make too 5 deserts. People are doing bad things to the earth. They 6 too many things from the earth, but they never paid for them. Some places on the earth don’t get much rain. But they still don’t become deserts. This is 7 some green plants are growing there. Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places. Plants don’t let 8 sun make the earth dry. When the rain 9 , the plants keep the water. Without plants, the land 10 become deserts easily. How useful the plants are! 1．A．and B．but C．so D．or 2．A．turn B．turned C．turns D．to turn 3．A．learns B．will learn C．are learning D．learned 4．A．of B．for C．with D．off 5．A．little B．few C．many D．much 6．A．are getting B．got C．get D．getting 7．A．so B．if C．because D．when 8．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 9．A．falls B．fell C．falling D．fallen 10．A．should B．must C．need D．will 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文介绍了沙漠化现象以及水土保持的重要性。 1．句意：大多数沙漠都非常炎热和干燥。 and和；but但是；so因此；or或者。根据“hot ... dry”及常识可知，大多数沙漠炎热且干燥，应用and连接，表示并列关系。故选A。 2．句意：科学家们正努力把沙漠重新变成良田。 turn转动，动词原形；turned转动，过去式；turns转动，动词的第三人称单数；to turn转动，动词不定式。根据try to do sth.“尽力做某事”可知，应用动词不定式。故选D。 3．句意：他们现在正在学习很多关于沙漠的知识。 learns学习，动词的第三人称单数；will learn将学习，一般将来时；are learning正学习，现在进行时；learned学习，过去式。根据“now”可知，应用现在进行时。故选C。 4．句意：科学家们很难及时改变沙漠。 of属于……的；for对于；with有；off从……离开。根据“It is hard ... scientists to change the deserts in time.”可知，it is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.“做某事对某人而言是……的”。故选B。 5．句意：科学家认为人类制造了太多的沙漠。 little少得几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；few很少，修饰可数名词复数；many许多，修饰可数名词复数；much很多，修饰不可数名词。根据“Scientists think that people make too ... deserts.”可知，人们制造了太多的沙漠，too many“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。故选C。 6．句意：他们从地球上得到了太多的东西，但是他们从来没有付出过代价。 are getting正获得，现在进行时；got得到，过去式；get得到，动词原形；getting得到，现在分词或动名词。根据“paid”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式。故选B。 7．句意：这是因为一些绿色植物在那里生长。 so因此；if如果；because因为；when当……时候。根据“Some places on the earth don’t get much rain. But they still don’t become deserts.”可知，一些地方没有变成沙漠，是因为一些绿色植物在那里生长。故选C。 8．句意：植物不会让太阳把土壤晒干。 a不定冠词，用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，表示泛指；an不定冠词，用在以元音音素开头的单词前，表示泛指；the定冠词，用在独一无二的事物前；/零冠词。根据“sun”是独一无二的事物可知，应用定冠词the。故选C。 9．句意：下雨的时候，植物保持水分。 falls降落，动词的第三人称单数；fell降落，过去式；falling降落，动名词或现在分词；fallen降落，过去分词。根据“keep”可知，时态为一般现在时；主语为“the rain”，动词应用第三人称单数。故选A。 10．句意：没有植物，土地很容易变成沙漠。 should应该；must必须；need需要；will将会。根据“Without plants, the land ... become deserts easily.”可知，没有植物，土地会很容易变成沙漠。故选D。 二、阅读理解 A The world is not hungry, but it is thirsty. It seems strange that nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water while we say we are short of (短缺) water. Why? Because about 97% of water on the earth is sea water which we can’t drink or use for watering plants directly (直接地). Man can only drink and use the 3% —the water that comes from rivers and lakes. And we can’t even use all of that, because some of it has been polluted. Now more water is needed. The problem is: Can we avoid (避免) a serious water shortage later on? First, we should all learn how to save water. Secondly, we should find out the ways to reuse it. Scientists have always been making studies in the field. Today, in most large cities water is used only once and then runs to the sea or rivers. But it can be used again. Even though every large city reused its water, still there would not be enough. What could people turn to next? The sea seems to have the best answer. There is a lot of water in the sea. All that needs to be done is to get the salt out of the sea water. This is expensive, but it’s already used in many parts of the world. Scientists are trying to find a cheaper way of doing it. So you see, if we can find a way out, we’ll be in no danger of drying up. 1．The world is thirsty because ________. A．3/4 of the earth is covered with water B．we have enough river water to use directly C．about 97% of water on the earth can’t be drunk or used for watering plants directly D．we can drink sea water directly. 2．Which of the following is true? A．3% of water on the earth is in rivers and lakes. B．75% of water on the earth is the sea. C．97% of the earth is covered with water. D．2/4 of the earth is covered with water 3．From the passage we learn _________. A．if every city reuses its water, we’ll be in no danger of drying up B．man can only drink and use about 25% of water on the earth C．today in most large cities water is used only once D．We can avoid a serious water shortage 4．To avoid the serious water shortage, which of the following is the most important? A．Save water and try to make good use of the water in rivers and lakes. B．Don’t pollute water and keep all rivers and lakes clean. C．Try to find a cheaper way to get the salt out of the sea water. D．Every large city reused its water. 5．The name of the passage would be ________ A．The Sea Water B．How to Save Water C．The Hungry World D．The Thirsty World 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界水资源短缺的问题，包括地球水资源的分布情况、缺水的原因，以及为避免严重缺水所探讨的解决办法，如节约用水、水的再利用和淡化海水等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Because about 97% of water on the earth is sea water which we can’t drink or use for watering plants ... because some of it has been polluted.”可知，地球上约97%的水是海水，不能直接饮用或用于浇灌植物，所以世界缺水。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段“Because about 97% of water on the earth is sea water which we can’t drink or use for watering plants directly ... comes from rivers and lakes.”可知，地球上3%的水来自河流和湖泊，也就是在河流和湖泊中的水占地球总水量的3% 。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“Today, in most large cities water is used only once and then runs to the sea or rivers.”可知，如今在大多数大城市，水只被使用一次就流入大海或河流。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The sea seems to have the best answer. ... we’ll be in no danger of drying up.”可知，海水有大量的水，解决缺水问题最好的办法是把海水中的盐提取出来，而目前成本高，科学家在找更便宜的方法，所以找到更便宜的提取海水中盐的方法是最重要的。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。文章开头就指出“The world is not hungry, but it is thirsty.”，且全文围绕世界缺水以及解决办法展开，所以文章标题应该是“The Thirsty World”。故选D。 B The UN has made two big decisions. It said 2025 would be the Year of Glacier (冰川) Preservation. Also, March 21, 2025, was set as the first World Day for Glaciers. Why? Because glaciers are super important for life on Earth, and the UN wants everyone to help protect them. Glaciers are made of ice and snow. They move slowly across the land. As years go by, layer after layer (层) of snow piles up and becomes glacier ice. Glaciers have changed the shape of mountains and valleys over a long time. They’re still doing this today. When glaciers melt, they give nutrients to lakes, rivers, and oceans. These nutrients are like the building blocks of the food chain in water. They also create homes for lots of plants and animals near streams. What’s more, glaciers are a really important water source. Around 10% of the world’s land has glaciers, and they store about 70% of Earth’s fresh water. But glaciers are in big trouble now. Climate change is making them disappear. In Colombia, for example, 90% of its glaciers have been lost since the mid-19th century. If the temperature keeps going up, glaciers will lose even more mass by 2100. This will mean less water for people to drink and use for farming. It will also put more pressure on local ecosystems and make floods more dangerous. So, it’s really important that we all work together to protect glaciers. 1．Why did the UN set the Year of Glacier Preservation and World Day for Glaciers? A．To encourage people to protect glaciers for the future. B．To attract more people to visit glacier areas. C．To study the structure of glaciers better. D．To show the power of glaciers in shaping the Earth. 2．The underlined word “mass” in the passage probably means ______. A．color B．shape C．height D．weight 3．Which of the following shows the right process of glacier formation? A．Snow piles up → becomes glacier ice → moves slowly across the land. B．Ice forms first → snow piles on it → moves to form glaciers. C．Mountains and valleys appear → glaciers cover them → glaciers melt. D．Water in lakes and rivers freezes → turns into snow → forms glaciers. 4．If we continue to pay no attention to glacier protection, what might happen in 2100 according to the passage? A．People will have more clean water to use. B．The shape of mountains and valleys will never change. C．The food chain in water will be seriously damaged. D．Plants and animals near streams will have more homes. 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．The Magic of Glaciers B．How Glaciers Are Formed C．The Change of Glaciers D．Glaciers and Our Future 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了联合国设立冰川保护年和世界冰川日的原因，冰川的形成过程及其重要性，以及气候变暖对冰川的威胁，呼吁共同保护冰川。 1．细节理解题。根据“the UN wants everyone to help protect them.” 可知，联合国设立相关纪念日的目的是呼吁人们保护冰川，故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“glaciers will lose even more mass by 2100.”可知，此处指冰川因气温上升而 “失去更多质量”。“mass”在此表示 “质量”，与选项D“重量”同义，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“As years go by, layer after layer of snow piles up and becomes glacier ice. ”以及“They move slowly across the land.” 可知，冰川形成的顺序是：积雪堆积→形成冰川冰→缓慢移动，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“If the temperature keeps going up, glaciers will lose even more mass by 2100. This will mean less water for people to drink and use for farming. It will also put more pressure on local ecosystems and make floods more dangerous.”可知，若气温持续上升，2100 年冰川质量会进一步减少，由此可推断，食物链会因营养物质匮乏而受损。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了联合国设立冰川保护年和世界冰川日的原因，冰川的形成过程及其重要性，以及气候变暖对冰川的威胁，呼吁共同保护冰川，核心是冰川与人类未来的关联。故选D。 三、完形填空 The sea covers a greater part of the Earth’s 1 than the land. It is the home of millions of living things. Animals and plants of various shapes, colors and sizes live in the sea. Do you know there is more life in the sea than that on land? The animals and plants of sea are very 2 to man as source of food. If you ever go skin diving (轻装潜水), a beautiful new world will 3 your eyes. In the future you will be hearing more and more about the sea. It is one of the largest remaining places on the Earth which has not been fully explored by man. Today, more and more 4 are exploring the sea. This is because the population of the Earth is increasing so fast that the land alone will not be able to provide 5 food for everyone. The sea is like a huge storehouse. It contains not only food but also many 6 valuable things such as oil. The sea can also provide us with a lot of fresh water in the future. 1．A．place B．surface C．area D．ocean 2．A．important B．interesting C．impossible D．intelligent 3．A．meet B．see C．look D．notice 4．A．workers B．doctors C．scientists D．teachers 5．A．many B．enough C．little D．plenty 6．A．same B．difficult C．rest D．other 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 【导语】本文介绍了海洋是很多生物的家园。大海就像一个巨大的仓库。它不仅含有食物，还含有许多有价值的东西，如油。在未来，大海也可以为我们提供大量的淡水。 1．句意：海洋比陆地覆盖了地球表面更大的一部分。 place地方；surface表面；area地区；ocean海洋。根据“The sea covers a greater part of the Earth’s”可知，海洋覆盖的是地球的表面，故选B。 2．句意：海洋动物和植物作为食物来源对人类是非常重要的。 important重要的；interesting有趣的；impossible不可能的；intelligent聪明的。根据“as source of food”可知，它们是食物来源，因此对人类非常重要，故选A。 3．句意：如果你去潜水，一个美丽的新世界将映入你的眼帘。 meet遇见；see看见；look看；notice注意。根据“If you ever go skin diving”可知，如果你去潜水，海底美丽的世界将与你的眼睛相遇，故选A。 4．句意：今天，越来越多的科学家正在探索海洋。 workers工人；doctors医生；scientists科学家；teachers教师。根据“are exploring the sea”可知，探索海洋的人是科学家们，故选C。 5．句意：这是因为地球上的人口增长如此之快，陆地本身将无法为每个人提供足够的食物。 many很多的；enough足够的；little很少的；plenty大量。根据“This is because the population of the Earth is increasing so fast”可知，地球上的人口增长得快，因此陆地提供的食物是不够的。故选B。 6．句意：它不仅含有食物，还含有许多其他有价值的东西，如油。 same同样的；difficult困难的；rest其余的；other其他的。根据“It contains not only food”可知，它不仅提供了食物，还提供了其他东西，故选D。 四、短文填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you know the largest natural park in China? It is Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (青藏高原). “Sanjiangyuan” 1 (mean) the source (源头) of China’s three great rivers: the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River. The Yangtze River is the 2   (long) of the three. Sanjiangyuan is famous 3 the Water Tower of China or even Asia. There are lots of rivers, lakes, and wetlands. People living around all depend on rich natural resources (资源) of it . It is as important as our life. However, with the global (全球的) warming and human’s activities, the place was once in great danger. Life there was also much 4 (difficult) for both animals and humans than that in other places. To stop things from 5 (get) worse, our government has taken many ways, for example, building Sanjiangyuan National Park. Many people joined the environmental protection club. It advised the members 6 (start) a WeChat group and invite other people to join in. This was a great idea. It allowed more and more people to meet each other online 7 talk about how to protect the environment. Now, people there are living in peace with animals and nature. Our country is trying 8 (it) best to make Sanjiangyuan National Park—one of the most famous 9 (park) all over the world. I believe in the future the park will be 10 window to show Chinese natural beauty to the outside. 【答案】 1．means 2．longest 3．as 4．more difficult 5．getting 6．to start 7．and 8．its 9．parks 10．a 【导语】本文介绍了中国最大的自然公园——三江源国家公园，它位于青藏高原，是长江、黄河、澜沧江的源头，有“中华水塔”之称。还讲述了因全球变暖及人类活动，这里曾面临危机，后政府和民众采取环保行动，如今人与自然和谐共处，国家也在努力让其成为世界知名公园，向外界展示中国自然之美。 1．句意：“三江源”意味着中国三条大河（长江、黄河、澜沧江）的源头。根据“Sanjjiangyuan”可知，主语是单数，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，mean的第三人称单数是means。故填means。 2．句意：长江是这三条河流中最长的。根据“of the three”可知，此处需用形容词最高级，表示长江最长。故填longest。 3．句意：三江源作为“中国乃至亚洲水塔”而闻名。根据“Sanjjiangyuan is famous”可知，be famous as是固定搭配，意为“作为……而闻名”，这里解释了为什么三江源会出名。故填as。 4．句意：那里的生物（动植物和人类）的生存，也比其他地方困难得多。根据“Life there was also much”可知，much修饰比较级，difficult的比较级是more difficult。故填more difficult。 5．句意：为阻止情况变得更糟，我们的政府采取了很多措施。根据“To stop things from”可知，stop...from doing sth.是固定结构，意为“阻止……做某事”，这里表示阻止情况变糟糕。故填getting。 6．句意：它建议成员们创建一个微信群并邀请其他人加入。根据“It advised the members”可知，advise sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“建议某人做某事”。故填to start。 7．句意：这是个好主意，它让越来越多的人在网上交流并讨论如何保护环境。根据“It allowed more and more people to meet each other online … talk about how to protect the environment.”可知，meet each other online和talk about how to protect the environment是并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。 8．句意：我们国家正尽它的最大努力，让三江源国家公园成为。根据“Our country is trying”可知，try one’s best to do sth.是固定短语，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，这里表示国家尽力做某事。这里one’s用形容词性物主代词its，指代Our country。故填its。 9．句意：让三江源国家公园成为世界上最著名的公园之一。根据“one of the most famous”可知，“one of+可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，park的复数是parks。故填parks。 10．句意：我相信未来这个公园会成为向外界展示中国自然之美的一扇窗口。根据“I believe in the future the park will be …window to show Chinese natural beauty to the outside.”可知，这里表示泛指展示中国自然美的一扇窗口。window是可数名词单数，且发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 五、任务型阅读 The world is in great need of fresh water. About 97% of water on Earth is salt water. Man can only drink or use the rest which comes from rivers, lakes and the underground (地下). The number of people in the world is becoming larger and larger, so we need more and more fresh water. Now water shortage (短缺) becomes a big problem. And people are trying their best to find more ways to get fresh water. Then what can we do about it? Scientists have found some ways to turn salt water into fresh water. One important way is to boil (煮沸) sea water at a high temperature. In this way, we can make a lot of fresh water. But it often costs too much. And heating (加热) is not the only way to get fresh water. People also have other ways, such as digging deep wells (井), keeping rainwater and protecting rivers from being polluted. Which way is better? I think to get the most fresh water with the least money is the best. And most importantly, everyone should take part in saving water. And it’s not difficult. We should just try not to waste any water in our everyday life. 1．Where does the fresh water that people can drink come from? 2．Why do we need more and more fresh water? 3．How many ways to get fresh water are mentioned (被提及) in the passage? 4．Who should take part in saving water? 5．What does the writer think is the best way to get fresh water? 【答案】 1．From rivers, lakes and the underground. 2．Because the number of people in the world is becoming larger and larger. 3．Four./4. 4．Everyone. 5．To get the most fresh water with the least money. 【导语】本文讲述了全球淡水短缺的问题，并介绍了科学家找到的一些将海水转化为淡水的方法，同时强调了节约用水的重要性。 1．根据“Man can only drink or use the rest which comes from rivers, lakes and the underground (地下).”可知，淡水源自河流、湖泊和地下水。故填From rivers, lakes and the underground. 2．根据“The number of people in the world is becoming larger and larger, so we need more and more fresh water.”可知，人口增长导致淡水需求增加。故填Because the number of people in the world is becoming larger and larger. 3．根据“One important way is to boil (煮沸) sea water at a high temperature.”以及“People also have other ways, such as digging deep wells (井), keeping rainwater and protecting rivers from being polluted.”可知，文章第二段列举了四种方式：煮沸海水、挖深井、收集雨水、保护河流不受污染。故填Four./4. 4．根据“And most importantly, everyone should take part in saving water. ”可知，每个人都应参与节水。故填Everyone. 5．根据“I think to get the most fresh water with the least money is the best.”可知，作者在最后段明确表示以最低成本获取最多淡水是最佳方法。故填To get the most fresh water with the least money. 试卷第10页，共10页 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Water 水（话题阅读精练） 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Water—the best drink 访谈 说明文 约 300 通过《健康生活》杂志对麦克布莱德博士的采访，介绍了水对人体的重要性、每日饮水量、缺水的后果等内容 实战演练 语法选择 说明文 约 250 介绍沙漠化现象及水土保持的重要性，考查语法知识 阅读理解 A 说明文 约 250 围绕世界水资源短缺问题，介绍地球水资源分布、缺水原因及解决办法 B 说明文 约 250 介绍联合国设立冰川保护年和世界冰川日的原因、冰川的形成与重要性及面临的威胁 完形填空 说明文 约 150 介绍海洋作为众多生物的家园，以及其作为巨大资源库的重要性 短文填空 说明文 约 300 介绍三江源国家公园的基本情况、曾面临的危机及保护措施与现状 任务型阅读 说明文 约 200 讲述全球淡水短缺问题，介绍获取淡水的方法及节约用水的重要性 时文阅读 Water—the best drink Healthy Life magazine interviewed Dr Danielle McBride about something that's very important for everyone — water. Healthy Life: How important is water? Dr McBride: Very important. For adults, water is about 55% to 60% of their body weight. For children, it's higher — up to 75%. Water is in our blood, our bones and all the other parts of our body. It keeps our bodies moving and working well. Healthy Life: How much water should we drink? Dr McBride: We need to take in about 2 litres of water a day. About 20% of this comes from the food we eat. For example, vegetables and fruit are mostly water. But about 80% comes from the fluids we drink. Healthy Life: What about drinks like tea, juice and coffee? Dr McBride: They are fine, but it's better to drink plain water. We need about seven or eight glasses a day. Healthy Life: What happens if we don't drink enough? Dr McBride: When people lose just 2% of their body's water, they can start to feel weak and tired. It may be hard to think clearly. When they lose more than that, things start to get serious. Healthy Life: So, water helps us stay healthy. Thanks, Doctor. 【原文翻译】 水—— 最佳饮品 《健康生活》杂志就一件对每个人都至关重要的东西 —— 水，采访了丹妮尔・麦克布莱德博士。 《健康生活》：水有多重要？ 麦克布莱德博士：非常重要。对于成年人来说，水分约占体重的 55% 至 60%。对于儿童而言，这一比例更高，可达 75%。水存在于我们的血液、骨骼以及身体的所有其他部位。它维持着我们身体的正常活动和良好运转。 《健康生活》：我们应该喝多少水？ 麦克布莱德博士：我们每天需要摄入约 2 升水。其中约 20% 来自我们所吃的食物。比如，蔬菜和水果大部分都是水分。而大约 80% 来自我们喝的饮品。 《健康生活》：那像茶、果汁和咖啡这类饮品呢？ 麦克布莱德博士：这些饮品没问题，但最好还是喝白开水。我们每天大约需要喝七八杯。 《健康生活》：如果我们喝不够水会怎么样？ 麦克布莱德博士：当人们体内的水分仅流失 2% 时，就可能会开始感到虚弱和疲惫，也许还难以清晰思考。当水分流失超过这个比例，情况就会开始变得严重。 《健康生活》：所以，水有助于我们保持健康。谢谢您，博士。 【长难句分析】 1.原文：For adults, water is about 55% to 60% of their body weight. For children, it's higher — up to 75%. 翻译：对于成年人来说，水分约占体重的 55% 至 60%。对于儿童而言，这一比例更高，可达 75%。 分析：句子结构为 “主语（water/it）+ be 动词 + 比例 + of + 名词（body weight）”，通过 “for + 人群” 的结构对比成年人和儿童体内的水分占比，破折号后的 “up to” 进一步补充说明儿童水分比例的上限，逻辑清晰，易于理解。 2.原文：We need to take in about 2 litres of water a day. About 20% of this comes from the food we eat. 翻译：我们每天需要摄入约 2 升水。其中约 20% 来自我们所吃的食物。 分析：第一句是主谓宾结构，“need to take in” 是核心短语，表 “需要摄入”；第二句中 “this” 指代前文的 “2 litres of water”，“we eat” 是定语从句修饰 “food”，通过代词和从句简化表达，体现上下文联系。 3.原文：When people lose just 2% of their body's water, they can start to feel weak and tired. It may be hard to think clearly. 翻译：当人们体内的水分仅流失 2% 时，他们就可能会开始感到虚弱和疲惫，也许还难以清晰思考。 分析：第一句是 “when” 引导的时间状语从句，主句用 “start to do” 表动作开始；第二句 “it” 为形式主语，真正主语是 “to think clearly”，通过两句衔接描述缺水 2% 的具体后果，符合逻辑递进关系。 【重难词汇梳理】 词汇 汉语翻译 词性 发音（音标） important 重要的 adj. /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adult 成年人 n. /ˈædʌlt/ weight 体重 n. /weɪt/ child 儿童 n. /tʃaɪld/ blood 血液 n. /blʌd/ bone 骨骼 n. /bəʊn/ litre 升（容量单位） n. /ˈliːtə(r)/ fluid 液体 n. /ˈfluːɪd/ plain 纯的；清淡的 adj. /pleɪn/ weak 虚弱的 adj. /wiːk/ tired 疲惫的 adj. /ˈtaɪəd/ serious 严重的 adj. /ˈsɪəriəs/ 实战演练 一、语法选择 There are deserts (沙漠) all over the world. Most deserts are very hot 1 dry. But some parts of a desert can become very colourful after it rains. Many plants make flowers only when it rains. If there is water, the desert can be a home to many living things. Scientists are trying 2 the deserts into good land again. Scientists want to bring water to the deserts so that people can live and grow food. They 3 a lot about the deserts now. But more and more places on the earth are becoming deserts. It is hard 4 scientists to change the deserts in time. Scientists think that people make too 5 deserts. People are doing bad things to the earth. They 6 too many things from the earth, but they never paid for them. Some places on the earth don’t get much rain. But they still don’t become deserts. This is 7 some green plants are growing there. Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places. Plants don’t let 8 sun make the earth dry. When the rain 9 , the plants keep the water. Without plants, the land 10 become deserts easily. How useful the plants are! 1．A．and B．but C．so D．or 2．A．turn B．turned C．turns D．to turn 3．A．learns B．will learn C．are learning D．learned 4．A．of B．for C．with D．off 5．A．little B．few C．many D．much 6．A．are getting B．got C．get D．getting 7．A．so B．if C．because D．when 8．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 9．A．falls B．fell C．falling D．fallen 10．A．should B．must C．need D．will 二、阅读理解 A The world is not hungry, but it is thirsty. It seems strange that nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water while we say we are short of (短缺) water. Why? Because about 97% of water on the earth is sea water which we can’t drink or use for watering plants directly (直接地). Man can only drink and use the 3% —the water that comes from rivers and lakes. And we can’t even use all of that, because some of it has been polluted. Now more water is needed. The problem is: Can we avoid (避免) a serious water shortage later on? First, we should all learn how to save water. Secondly, we should find out the ways to reuse it. Scientists have always been making studies in the field. Today, in most large cities water is used only once and then runs to the sea or rivers. But it can be used again. Even though every large city reused its water, still there would not be enough. What could people turn to next? The sea seems to have the best answer. There is a lot of water in the sea. All that needs to be done is to get the salt out of the sea water. This is expensive, but it’s already used in many parts of the world. Scientists are trying to find a cheaper way of doing it. So you see, if we can find a way out, we’ll be in no danger of drying up. 1．The world is thirsty because ________. A．3/4 of the earth is covered with water B．we have enough river water to use directly C．about 97% of water on the earth can’t be drunk or used for watering plants directly D．we can drink sea water directly. 2．Which of the following is true? A．3% of water on the earth is in rivers and lakes. B．75% of water on the earth is the sea. C．97% of the earth is covered with water. D．2/4 of the earth is covered with water 3．From the passage we learn _________. A．if every city reuses its water, we’ll be in no danger of drying up B．man can only drink and use about 25% of water on the earth C．today in most large cities water is used only once D．We can avoid a serious water shortage 4．To avoid the serious water shortage, which of the following is the most important? A．Save water and try to make good use of the water in rivers and lakes. B．Don’t pollute water and keep all rivers and lakes clean. C．Try to find a cheaper way to get the salt out of the sea water. D．Every large city reused its water. 5．The name of the passage would be ________ A．The Sea Water B．How to Save Water C．The Hungry World D．The Thirsty World B The UN has made two big decisions. It said 2025 would be the Year of Glacier (冰川) Preservation. Also, March 21, 2025, was set as the first World Day for Glaciers. Why? Because glaciers are super important for life on Earth, and the UN wants everyone to help protect them. Glaciers are made of ice and snow. They move slowly across the land. As years go by, layer after layer (层) of snow piles up and becomes glacier ice. Glaciers have changed the shape of mountains and valleys over a long time. They’re still doing this today. When glaciers melt, they give nutrients to lakes, rivers, and oceans. These nutrients are like the building blocks of the food chain in water. They also create homes for lots of plants and animals near streams. What’s more, glaciers are a really important water source. Around 10% of the world’s land has glaciers, and they store about 70% of Earth’s fresh water. But glaciers are in big trouble now. Climate change is making them disappear. In Colombia, for example, 90% of its glaciers have been lost since the mid-19th century. If the temperature keeps going up, glaciers will lose even more mass by 2100. This will mean less water for people to drink and use for farming. It will also put more pressure on local ecosystems and make floods more dangerous. So, it’s really important that we all work together to protect glaciers. 1．Why did the UN set the Year of Glacier Preservation and World Day for Glaciers? A．To encourage people to protect glaciers for the future. B．To attract more people to visit glacier areas. C．To study the structure of glaciers better. D．To show the power of glaciers in shaping the Earth. 2．The underlined word “mass” in the passage probably means ______. A．color B．shape C．height D．weight 3．Which of the following shows the right process of glacier formation? A．Snow piles up → becomes glacier ice → moves slowly across the land. B．Ice forms first → snow piles on it → moves to form glaciers. C．Mountains and valleys appear → glaciers cover them → glaciers melt. D．Water in lakes and rivers freezes → turns into snow → forms glaciers. 4．If we continue to pay no attention to glacier protection, what might happen in 2100 according to the passage? A．People will have more clean water to use. B．The shape of mountains and valleys will never change. C．The food chain in water will be seriously damaged. D．Plants and animals near streams will have more homes. 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．The Magic of Glaciers B．How Glaciers Are Formed C．The Change of Glaciers D．Glaciers and Our Future 三、完形填空 The sea covers a greater part of the Earth’s 1 than the land. It is the home of millions of living things. Animals and plants of various shapes, colors and sizes live in the sea. Do you know there is more life in the sea than that on land? The animals and plants of sea are very 2 to man as source of food. If you ever go skin diving (轻装潜水), a beautiful new world will 3 your eyes. In the future you will be hearing more and more about the sea. It is one of the largest remaining places on the Earth which has not been fully explored by man. Today, more and more 4 are exploring the sea. This is because the population of the Earth is increasing so fast that the land alone will not be able to provide 5 food for everyone. The sea is like a huge storehouse. It contains not only food but also many 6 valuable things such as oil. The sea can also provide us with a lot of fresh water in the future. 1．A．place B．surface C．area D．ocean 2．A．important B．interesting C．impossible D．intelligent 3．A．meet B．see C．look D．notice 4．A．workers B．doctors C．scientists D．teachers 5．A．many B．enough C．little D．plenty 6．A．same B．difficult C．rest D．other 四、短文填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you know the largest natural park in China? It is Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (青藏高原). “Sanjiangyuan” 1 (mean) the source (源头) of China’s three great rivers: the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River. The Yangtze River is the 2   (long) of the three. Sanjiangyuan is famous 3 the Water Tower of China or even Asia. There are lots of rivers, lakes, and wetlands. People living around all depend on rich natural resources (资源) of it . It is as important as our life. However, with the global (全球的) warming and human’s activities, the place was once in great danger. Life there was also much 4 (difficult) for both animals and humans than that in other places. To stop things from 5 (get) worse, our government has taken many ways, for example, building Sanjiangyuan National Park. Many people joined the environmental protection club. It advised the members 6 (start) a WeChat group and invite other people to join in. This was a great idea. It allowed more and more people to meet each other online 7 talk about how to protect the environment. Now, people there are living in peace with animals and nature. Our country is trying 8 (it) best to make Sanjiangyuan National Park—one of the most famous 9 (park) all over the world. I believe in the future the park will be 10 window to show Chinese natural beauty to the outside. 五、任务型阅读 The world is in great need of fresh water. About 97% of water on Earth is salt water. Man can only drink or use the rest which comes from rivers, lakes and the underground (地下). The number of people in the world is becoming larger and larger, so we need more and more fresh water. Now water shortage (短缺) becomes a big problem. And people are trying their best to find more ways to get fresh water. Then what can we do about it? Scientists have found some ways to turn salt water into fresh water. One important way is to boil (煮沸) sea water at a high temperature. In this way, we can make a lot of fresh water. But it often costs too much. And heating (加热) is not the only way to get fresh water. People also have other ways, such as digging deep wells (井), keeping rainwater and protecting rivers from being polluted. Which way is better? I think to get the most fresh water with the least money is the best. And most importantly, everyone should take part in saving water. And it’s not difficult. We should just try not to waste any water in our everyday life. 1．Where does the fresh water that people can drink come from? 2．Why do we need more and more fresh water? 3．How many ways to get fresh water are mentioned (被提及) in the passage? 4．Who should take part in saving water? 5．What does the writer think is the best way to get fresh water? 试卷第10页，共10页 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$