高考英语语法专题复习-专题7 名词性从句 导学案-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高考英语语法专题复习 专题7 名词性从句 目 录 考点1 名词性从句的引导词 3 1. 连词 3 2. 连接代词 4 3. 连接副词 6 考点2 主语从句 6 考点3 宾语从句 8 1. 宾语从句的语序 8 2. 宾语从句的时态 8 3. 连接词that 9 4. 连接词whether和if 10 5. 形式宾语it 10 考点4 表语从句 11 考点5 同位语从句 12 1. 同位语从句的用法 12 2. that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别 13 六、专项练习 14 七、答案解析 18 在复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（Nominal Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。所有的名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。 考点1 名词性从句的引导词 名词性从句的引导词可分为三类： 1. 连词 此类连词包括that，whether（是否），if（是否）， as if（好像，似乎），as though（好像，似乎）等。其中that只起连接作用，没有任何实际语义，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略；whether与if 均为“是否”的意思，在引导宾语从句时if和whether可以互换，但在下列情况下，只能用whether，不能用if： （1）引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时。 Whether we will go to Shanghai has not been decided. 我们去不去上海还没有定。（whether引导主语从句） What concerns him most is whether he can meet Miss Elizabeth. 他最关心的是能否见到伊丽莎白小姐。（whether引导表语从句） He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not. 他必须回答关于他是否同意（这件事）的提问。（whether引导同位语从句） （2）从句作介词宾语时。 It depends on whether it will be fine tomorrow. 那得看明天是不是晴天。 （3）直接与or not连用时。 I don’t know whether or not he will come. 我不知道他是不是会来。 （4）与不定式连用时。 I don’t know whether to go there at once. 我不知道是不是该立刻去那里。 2. 连接代词 此类连接代词包括what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose,which等。除了whose充当定语之外，其他在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 （1）what是一个十分重要的名词性从句引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“……所……的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。 People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see what he will do. 人们已经听到了总统所说的；他们正等着看总统会做什么。 I don’t know what you want.（=I don’t know the thing that you want.） 我不知道你要什么。 （2）whatever, whoever, whichever 也可引导名词性从句，其含义分别为“所……的一切事或东西”、“任何……的人”、“……的任何人或物”。 Whatever he said was always right.（=Anything that he said was always right.） 他所说的往往都是对的。（引导主语从句） Tell whoever you like—it makes no difference to me. 你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁吧，对我是无所谓的。 注意：whatever, whoever, whichever除了用于引导名词性从句外，还可用于引导状语从句，分别相当于no matter what, no matter who,no matter which。 3. 连接副词 此类连接副词包括when, where, how, why等，在从句中作状语。Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么那么做将永远是一个谜。 考点2 主语从句 （1）主语从句通常由that和whether或其他连接代词或连接副词连接。主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词用单数。 What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。 Whether we’ll hold a meeting is not decided. 我们是否要开一个会还未定。 what引导的主语从句，表示“……所……的（东西）”，在结构上等于一个名词加一个定语从句；whatever表示“所……的一切”；whoever表示“一切……的人”。 What he says（=Anything that he says）is not important. 他说的话并不重要。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 在这里说的一切必须保密。 （2）主语从句通常用it作形式主语。it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系，其重要句型归纳如下： ① It+be+形容词+that -从句 It is necessary（important, natural, strange, etc.）that... ……是必要的（重要的、自然而然的、奇怪的……） It is necessary that... 有必要…… It is important that... 重要的是…… It is obvious that... 很明显…… ② It+be+-ed 分词+that-从句 It is suggested（requested, proposed, etc.）that... 据建议（要求、提议等）…… It is believed that... 人们相信…… It is known to all that... 众所周知…… It has been decided that... 已决定…… ③ It+be+名词+that-从句 It is a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc.）that... 很遗憾（羞愧、难怪等）…… It is common knowledge that... ……是常识 It is a surprise that... 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that... 事实是…… ④ It+不及物动词+that-从句 It appears that... 似乎…… It happens that... 碰巧…… It occurred to me that... 我突然想起…… 注意： 由what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句一般不用形式主语it。 考点3 宾语从句 宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词结构的宾语。宾语从句通常由连词that和whether/if、连接代词或连接副词引导。 1. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。 Could you tell me when the train will leave? 你能告诉我火车何时出发吗？ 2. 宾语从句的时态 主句时态是一般现在时，从句时态根据实际情况使用。主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 校长希望一切进展顺利。 She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time. 她为没有按时完成作业感到抱歉。 The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 那位老师告诉他的学生光比声音传播的速度快。 3. 连接词that that引导宾语从句在句中无实际语义，且不充当句子成分，多数情况下可以省略。但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。 He has told me（that）he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 He said（that）you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. 他说你太小，还不懂这件事情，而且他也被要求不准告诉你。 注意： ① 在demand, order, suggest, decide, insist, desire, request,command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等语义的动词后，宾语从句要用虚拟语气，常用“（should）+动词原形”的形式。 ② 当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词，而宾语从句是否定含义时，常把否定转移至主句来表示。 I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 我认为他如此对你是不合适的。 4. 连接词whether和if 在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用whether：① 在带to的不定式前；② 在介词的后面；③ 直接与or not连用时。 5. 形式宾语it 宾语从句太长，可以用形式宾语it代替。 ① 动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。 I have made it a rule that I keep diaries every day. 我每天写日记成了习惯。 We all find it important that we（should）make a quick decision about this matter. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。 ② enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后接that从句，if 从句或when引导的从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。 You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。 He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。 I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。 考点4 表语从句 表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。除that,whether和疑问词外，as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句。 The question is whether she can speak English. 问题在于她是否会说英语。 That is what we need. 那正是我们所需要的。 It looked as if it was going to rain. 似乎要下雨了。 注意： ① why与because 均可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调原因。 I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come. 我感冒了，所以我没有来。 I didn’t come. That’s because I had a cold. 我没有来，因为我感冒了。 ② 主句的主语是reason时，表语从句要用that，不能用because。 The reason why we didn’t go was that we were notified too late.我们没有去的原因是我们得到通知太晚了。 考点5 同位语从句 1. 同位语从句的用法 同位语从句用于对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether以及连接代词和连接副词引导。一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion,information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem,rule等名词后面。 The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 我们明天放假的消息不实。 The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个问题是对还是错要看结果。 Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗? 注意： ① 引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略。 ② 在某些名词demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可省略。 The suggestion that the new rule（should）be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。 ③ 有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。 The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 他中彩得了一辆汽车的消息传开了。 2. that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别 在同位语从句中，that只起连接主句和从句的作用，无意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不可省略。在定语从句中，that指代先行词，在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当某个句子成分，在作宾语时通常可省略。 They were all shocked at the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 他们都对德国向俄国宣战的消息感到震惊。 （同位语从句，that只起引导作用，在句中不充当任何成分。） They were all shocked at the news that was announced on the radio.听到收音机里宣布的消息，他们都很震惊。 （定语从句，that在从句中作主语，若省略that，句子成分不完整。） The news（that）we heard spread all over the school campus. 我们听到的消息传遍了校园。（定语从句） The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. 李老师将成为我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。（同位语从句） 六、专项练习 I. 单句改错。（仅限1处） 1. The reason why he was late was because he had taken a wrong bus. 2. He said that he couldn’t tell you right away and you wouldn’t understand. 3. I hate if you say such things in public. 4. He was interested in all what he had seen at the exhibition. 5. It is a pity she has made such a mistake. II. 在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 6. People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from ______ it is today. 7. Nobody knows ______ it will rain tomorrow. ______ it rains, we’ll stay at home. 8. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I agree. 9. ______ made the school proud was ______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. 10. ① ______ we know, the over-use of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, has caused serious environmental problems. ② ______ is known that the over-use of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, has caused serious environmental problems. ③ ______ we know is that the over-use of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, has caused serious environmental problems. 11. It ______（report）that over 300 million people in China are suffering from nearsightedness. 12. ① The news ______ was told to me is that Tom would go abroad next year. ② The news ______ Tom would go abroad is told by him. 13. The suggestion that a new bridge ______（build）was accepted. 14. ① Anyone ______ gains the most points wins the competition. ② ______ gains the most points wins the competition. 15. It remains to be seen ______ it will do us harm or good. III. 单项选择。 16. I just wonder ______ that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is 17. With piles of work at hand, Jane doubts ______ she can pass the coming driving test. A. whether B. that C. how D. why 18. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ______ one can be entirely out of dust. A. what B. that C. whether D. why 19. The manager put forward a suggestion ______ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 20. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever IV. 阅读下列短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was reported 21 there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street this morning. Fortunately, there was no person 22 got injured in the accident. However, no one saw 23 on earth happened then. 24 the police would do is to figure out 25 will be responsible for the accident. They said it was difficult for them 26 （judge）who exactly should be to blame. Perhaps the reason was 27 the car driver was too tired to stop the car in time. 28 was certain that the car driver stopped the car immediately. But he didn’t admit the fact 29 he was over-speed driving at the turning. The police doubted 30 what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation. 七、答案解析 I. 1. because改为that 考查连接代词。此处是句型The reason why... is that... 的搭配。 2. and后面加that 考查连接代词。当两个或多个that引导的宾语从句并列使用时，只有第一个从句的引导词that可以省略，后面的that不可省略。 3. hate后面加it 考查形式宾语it。句意：我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。此处是“动词+it+when/if-从句”，能用于此结构的常见动词有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。 4. what改为that或划去all或划去what 考查从句。若改为in all he had seen at the exhibition，其中all是先行词，后面是省略that的定语从句。 5. pity后面加that 考查主语从句。此句中it 作形式主语，she has made such a mistake为真实主语，that引导主语从句，不能省略。 II. 6. what 考查宾语从句。句意：很久以前，人们的生活与现在截然不同的时候，人们或许更诚实。what引导介词from的宾语从句，在该从句中what充当is的表语。 7. whether/if; If 考查宾语从句和状语从句的连接词。句意：没有人知道明天是否下雨。如果下雨，我们就待在家里。前者whether/if意为“是否”，引导宾语从句；后者if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。 8. where 考查表语从句。句意：你说应该人人平等，这是我赞同的地方。系动词is后面的内容应为表语从句，agree表“赞同”时属于不及物动词，I agree本身是完整的主谓结构，因此缺乏状语。表语从句where I agree的意思是“我赞同之处，我赞同的地方”。此处容易误填what。 9. What；that考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：让这所学校骄傲的是超过90%的学生都已经被重点大学录取了。第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，特指令校方骄傲的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what；第二个下划线处引导表语从句，表示原因、理由，应填入that，引导对应的名词性从句。 10. ① As 考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。as 作know的宾语，指代后面整个句子。②It 考查it作形式主语。此处it充当形式主语，指代后面that引导的真实主语。③ What 考查主语从句。此处what引导主语从句，在从句中，what作know的宾语。 11. is reported 考查主语从句。句意：据报道，3亿多中国人眼睛近视。此处是It is/was reported that... 的主语从句，意为“据报道……”。 12. ① that/which 考查定语从句。句意：我知道的消息是汤姆明年将出国。that/which引导定语从句，修饰先行词news，在定语从句中作主语。 ② that 考查同位语从句。句意：汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。that在句中不作任何成分，只是起到引导作用，不能省略。 13. （should）be built 考查同位语从句和虚拟语气。句意：在这里修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了。在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式：（should）+动词原形。 14. ① who ② Whoever 考查定语从句和主语从句。两个句子均意为：谁得分最多，谁就赢得比赛。whoever引导主语从句时，意义相当于anyone who，即表示“任何人……都”，“不管是谁……都……”。 15. whether 考查主语从句。句意：它对我们有利还是有害，还得看看再说。此处it为形式主语，真实主语由whether引导。 III. 16. D 考查强调句型的特殊疑问句形式。句意：我只是在想是什么让他那么兴奋。wonder后的宾语从句含it is... that... 的强调句型，且强调主语，应该用陈述语序，故选择what it is。 17. A 考查宾语从句。句意：手头上有一堆堆的工作，简怀疑她是否能通过即将到来的驾驶证考试。从句中不缺少成分，根据句意可知答案是whether/if。doubt接宾语从句有两种形式：I don’t doubt that...我不怀疑……；I doubt whether/if... 我怀疑…… 18. B 考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全摆脱沙尘的困扰。is后跟表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，只起引导作用。 19. B 考查同位语从句。句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应当配个助手。因为有太多的工作要做。a suggestion和we should have an assistant之间是同位语关系，由于是陈述句，因此用that引导。 20. B 考查宾语从句。whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他（她）什么是不明智的”，表示泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。 IV. 语篇解读：文章报道了一起真相有待调查的交通事故。 21. that 考查主语从句。“It be+过去分词+that...”为固定句式，其中it为形式主语，that 从句是真正的主语，此处that不能省略。 22. who 考查定语从句。此处先行词为person，后面定语从句中缺少主语。 23. what 考查宾语从句。句意：没有人看见当时究竟发生了什么。what引导宾语从句，在该从句中作主语。 24. What 考查主语从句。what引导主语从句，作do的宾语。 25. who 考查宾语从句。从句中缺少主语且表示“人”，故用who引导。 26. to judge 考查非谓语动词。此处前文中it 为形式主语，真实主语为后面动词不定式。 27. that 考查表语从句。句意：也许是因为司机疲劳驾驶没能及时刹住车。The reason was that... 为固定句式，意思是“原因是……”。 28. It 考查形式主语。此处it 为形式主语，真实主语为that the car driver stopped the car immediately，因此构成了It is/was certain that... 的固定句型。 29. that 考查同位语从句。句意：司机不承认他在拐角处超速驾驶。that 引导同位语从句，解释fact 的具体内容，that不能省略。 30. whether 考查宾语从句。句意：警察怀疑他所说的话的真实性，决定做进一步的调查。doubted（肯定式）后面的宾语从句常用whether引导。doubt 在否定句或疑问句中时，后面常用that来引导从句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$