热点话题10 自然生态与环境保护（话题阅读精练）英语八年级通用版

热点话题10 自然生态与环境保护 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 254 介绍Kevin冒寒游泳呼吁关注环境。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 186 猫头鹰的习性及生态重要性。 Passage3 阅读理解 议论文 190 主要论述森林重要性及保护措施。 Passage4 阅读理解 应用文 27 本文讲玫瑰园招募清洁园艺志愿者。 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 199 中国植树节及植树造林项目。 Passage6 阅读理解 记叙文 236 中国植树节及植树造林项目。 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 262 主要讲男孩救花至月球，呼吁护星球。 Passage8 完形填空 说明文 198 主要讲环境构成、自然循环及人为影响。 Passage9 完形填空 说明文 204 主要讲世界水日及废水相关问题。 Passage10 完形填空 记叙文 237 主要讲中国植树节及植树相关情况。 Passage11 完形填空 说明文 175 主要讲动物灭绝原因及保护措。 Passage12 完形填空 说明文 96 主要讲社区在环保中的作用及行动。 主题简析素材积累 英语课程标准中关于“自然生态与环境保护”的子话题有：1. 生物多样性保护2.气候变化应对3.环境污染治理4.自然资源可持续利用5.生态系统修复6.环境保护政策与法规（立法、执法、国际合作协议）7.绿色发展模式8.公众环保意识与行动（科普教育、个人实践）等。 关于“自然生态与环境保护”相关话题主要从以下角度进行考查：1. 现状与问题：当前自然生态面临的具体挑战，及其成因分析。2. 科学原理与技术：生态系统的运行规律，以及治理污染、修复生态的技术手段。3. 政策与管理：各国及国际层面的环保政策、法律法规（如《巴黎协定》），以及政策执行的效果与改进方向。4. 社会参与与责任：政府、企业、公众在环保中的角色，包括企业的环保责任、公众的日常行为对环境的影响。5. 长远影响与可持续发展：生态破坏对人类生存的长期威胁（如粮食安全、健康风险），以及如何平衡经济发展与生态保护（如绿色GDP核算）。 句子积累 1. We should protect the environment to ensure a sustainable future for all.——我们应当保护环境以确保所有人的可持续未来。 2. The importance of preserving our planet cannot be overstated.——强调保护我们星球的重要性是再恰当不过的。 3. We must act now to preserve biodiversity and combat climate change.——我们必须立即行动，保护生物多样性并应对气候变化。 4. Protection of the environment is everyone's responsibility.——保护环境是每个人的责任。 5. Reducing carbon emissions is crucial in mitigating the impact of climate change.——减少碳排放对于减轻气候变化的影响至关重要。 6. Recycling helps conserve natural resources and protect the environment.——回收有助于节约自然资源并保护环境。 7. Conserving water is vital for the sustainability of our environment and society.——节约水资源对于我们环境和社会的可持续发展至关重要。 8. Defending the environment is preserving our home for future generations.——保护环境就是为我们的后代保卫家园。 9. The health of our planet depends on our actions to protect the environment.——我们星球的健康取决于我们保护环境的行动。 10. We should reduce waste to mitigate environmental pollution and damage.——我们应当减少浪费以减轻环境污染和破坏。 11. Protection of forests is crucial for maintaining the balance of nature.——保护森林对于维持生态平衡至关重要。 12. Air pollution is a serious environmental issue that must be addressed urgently.——空气污染是一个严重的环境问题，必须紧急应对。 13. Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed.——欲驾驭自然必先顺之。 14. The earth gives all of us the essence of matter, and in the end, it gets back garbage from people.——大地给予所有的人是物质的精华，而最后，它从人们那里得到的回赠却是这些物质的垃圾。 15. Only by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it. Only by saving the environment can we save ourselves.——只有我们改变对待环境的态度，我们才能和它更好地相处。只有我们拯救了环境，我们才能拯救自己。 16. The earth is our home, let's protect it together.——地球是我家，共同保护她。 17. Respect nature and fear life.——尊崇自然，敬畏生命。 18. Human beings treating nature well is treating themselves well.——人类善待自然，就是善待自己。 19. Planting trees benefits future generations.——植树造林，功在千秋。 20. Cherish resources for sustainable utilization.——珍惜资源，永续利用。 必备词块 【生态系统相关】 Ecosystem 生态系统 Biodiversity 生物多样性 Species 物种 Habitat 栖息地 Food chain 食物链 Ecological balance 生态平衡 Biome 生物群系 Wetland 湿地 Forest ecosystem 森林生态系统 Marine ecosystem 海洋生态系统 【环境问题相关】 Pollution 污染 Air pollution 空气污染 Water pollution 水污染 Soil pollution 土壤污染 Noise pollution 噪音污染 Plastic pollution 塑料污染 Deforestation 森林砍伐 Desertification 沙漠化 Desertification 荒漠化 Glacier melting 冰川融化 Ozone layer depletion 臭氧层破坏 Acid rain 酸雨 Eutrophication 富营养化 Invasive species 入侵物种 【环境保护行动相关】 Environmental protection 环境保护 Conservation 保护（自然资源等） Restoration 修复（生态等 Afforestation 植树造林 Recycling 回收利用 Waste reduction 减少浪费 Emission reduction 减排 Sustainable development 可持续发展 Green energy 绿色能源 Renewable energy 可再生能源 Carbon footprint 碳足迹 Environmental remediation 环境修复 【政策与协议相关】 Environmental policy 环境政策 Environmental legislation 环境立法 Environmental regulation 环境法规 Carbon tax 碳税 Environmental impact assessment 环境影响评估 International cooperation 国际合作 【环保组织与理念相关】 Environmental organization 环保组织 Greenpeace 绿色和平组织 WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) 世界自然基金会 Environmental awareness 环保意识 Eco-friendly 生态友好的 Low-carbon 低碳的 Circular economy 循环经济 Environmental education 环境教育 Ecological civilization 生态文明 【污染物与有害物质相关】 Pollutant 污染物 Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 二氧化碳 Methane (CH₄) 甲烷 Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) 二氧化硫 Nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) 氮氧化物 Heavy metals 重金属 Pesticide 农药Fertilizer 化肥 Toxic waste 有毒废物 Industrial wastewater 工业废水 Sewage 污水 实战演练 Passage1 （河北中考）Kevin is a special swimmer. He took risks to swim in very cold places because he wanted people to pay attention to the environment. As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and he learned the Earth is in bad condition. He felt worried, and he wanted to save the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water near North Pole（北极）to draw people's attention to the melting glaciers（融化的冰川）. Kevin said that the swim was so painful that it would be his last time swimming in cold water. In 2016, he heard about a lake in the Himalayas（喜马拉雅山脉）. It was formed by melting glaciers. He decided to swim in cold water again. It was difficult to swim in the lake. The air was so cold and the water was too cold, too. But he still finished the swim. He wanted people to know that glaciers in the Himalayas are disappearing because of global（全球的）warming and that there’s less water for people in nearby countries like China, India, and Pakistan. From Kevin's story, we learn two lessons. We learn that people can do a lot of harm to the Earth without realizing it. Also, we learn that if we change the way we think, we can do something to protect our environment. With the new way of thinking in our minds, we can enjoy a bright future. 1. （ ）Why did Kevin swim in very cold places? A. To have a special experience. B. To enjoy himself. C. To draw people's attention to the environment. D. To keep healthy. 2.  （ ）What does the underlined word “condition” mean in Chinese? A. 条件 B. 状况 C. 环境 D. 形势 3.  （ ）When did Kevin swim near the North Pole? A. In 2009. B. In 2016. C. In 2019. D. In 2022. 4.  （ ）Why are the glaciers in the Himalayas disappearing? A. Because of too much rain. B. Because of global warming. C. Because of too many people. D. Because of the pollution. 5.  （ ）What can we learn from Kevin's story? A. We should swim in cold water to keep healthy. B. We should visit national parks often. C. People can't do anything to protect the environment. D. We should change our way of thinking to protect the environment. Passage2 （2023 - 2024学年译林版八年级上册） Owls live in almost every country in the world. Most owls don’t sleep at night. When they fly, you can’t hear them. They are very quiet. Owls are good at hunting（捕猎）. They eat a lot of things such as mice, snakes, small birds and even fish. Owls have very good hearing. That helps them to hunt well in dark places. Their eyes are special. Both of their eyes face front. They can see very far away. There are facial disks（面盘）around their eyes. These facial disks can help with their hearing. Owls can turn their heads 270°. That helps them see what’s going on all around them. Maybe because owls look a little different and have special life habits. There are a lot of stories about them. Some cultures believe that owls are very clever and some cultures think owls may bring bad luck. But in fact, owls are important to the ecosystem. They help control the number of small animals, which is good for the balance of nature. 1.（ ） What do most owls do at night? A. They sleep. B. They hunt. C. They fly around. D. They make noise. 2. （ ）Why are owls good at hunting in dark places? A. Because they can see far away. B. Because they have good hearing. C. Because they are very quiet. D. Because they can turn their heads 270°. 3. （ ）What can we know from the passage? A. Owls only eat mice and snakes. B. Owls can bring bad luck to people. C. Owls’ eyes face different directions. D. Owls play an important role in the ecosystem. 4. （ ）What does the underlined word “control” mean in Chinese? A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 控制 D. 消灭 5. （ ）What is the best title for the passage? A. The Owls B. The Ecosystem C. The Hunting Skills of Owls D. The Stories about Owls Passage3 （八年级真题模板）Forests, as we all know, consist of many trees. They are great things, and I think they are the pride of the earth. We all see them as symbols of life. But in modern times, what we’re doing is that trees are being cut down to make furniture and many other things, and a lot of people set fire to them. What a shame. Now we have to take action to protect the trees, to make our forests their true colors, to take action and to achieve it. Everyone knows that we have only one earth, and we share it with different kinds of plants and animals. With the development of industry, we humans have produced more and more harmful pollution to animals, plants and ourselves. The most serious problem we have to face is that the earth is being destroyed by our so - called civilization. Sometimes, you will find that there are more and more natural disasters on the earth. We should plant more trees instead of cutting down trees. We must stop people from littering and polluting rivers. Remember, saving the earth is saving ourselves. 1. （ ）What are forests seen as by people? A. Symbols of furniture. B. Symbols of life. C. Symbols of fire. D. Symbols of civilization. 2. （ ）Why are trees being cut down in modern times? A. To make the earth more beautiful. B. To set fire to them. C. To make furniture and other things. D. To plant more other plants. 3. （ ）What is the most serious problem we face according to the passage? A. There are too many trees. B. The earth is being destroyed. C. There are too many animals. D. People don't like forests. 4. （ ）What should we do to protect the earth? A. Cut down more trees. B. Produce more pollution. C. Plant more trees and stop pollution. D. Set fire to the forests. 5. （ ）What's the main idea of the passage? A. Forests are very important, and we should protect them. B. There are many natural disasters on the earth. C. People like cutting down trees. D. We should share the earth with animals. Passage4 （湖南中考英语） Volunteers are needed for cleaning and gardening at Rose Garden. Good at taking care of plants. Work from 7 a.m. to noon on August 5th and 6th. 1. （ ）What kind of volunteers are needed? A. Volunteers for cleaning and gardening. B. Volunteers for looking after animals. C. Volunteers for teaching children. D. Volunteers for helping the old. 2. （ ）What should the volunteers be good at? A. Cooking. B. Singing. C. Taking care of plants. D. Dancing. 3. （ ）When will the volunteers work? A. From 7 a.m. to noon on August 5th and 6th. B. From 7 a.m. to noon on August 6th and 7th. C. From 7 a.m. to noon on August 7th and 8th. D. From 7 a.m. to noon on August 8th and 9th. Passage5 （2022年山东潍坊中考真题）The environment is everything around us in the natural world. It is the earth, the air, rivers, lakes, forests and seas. These are what human beings depend on for a living. All natural waste is recyclable. Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil. This is their function. The carbon dioxide that people and animals breathe（呼吸）out is used by plants to breathe and help them grow. Plants give out oxygen which people and animals need to breathe in. Plants take in water through their roots. They pass it out through their leaves as moisture（水分）. This moisture, together with water vapour coming from rivers and seas, rises and turns into water droplets and forms clouds. Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of rain. In this way, the water goes back to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again. However, humans have made a lot of changes to the earth. The technology and industry have made life easier, but they also produce a lot of new waste. Nature finds this new waste hard or impossible to recycle. 1. （ ）What do human beings depend on for a living according to the passage? A. Factories and cities. B. The environment. C. Technology and industry. D. Animals and plants. 2.（ ） What does the underlined word “recyclable” mean in Chinese? A. 可回收的 B. 可利用的 C. 可再生的 D. 可分解的 3. （ ）What's the function of small creatures in the soil? A. To breathe out carbon dioxide. B. To take in oxygen. C. To break down animal waste and dead bodies. D. To give out moisture. 4.（ ） How does water go back to the earth, rivers and seas? A. In the form of snow. B. In the form of ice. C. In the form of rain. D. In the form of vapour. 5. （ ）What problem do humans bring to the nature? A. They make the air cleaner. B. They produce a lot of new waste which is hard to recycle. C. They make the rivers cleaner. D. They help the plants grow better. Passage6 （2022年四川巴中中考真题）It's March 12th. Li Li and Lin Tao are digging on a hill not far from their school. In China, people across the country plant trees on this day. The idea of planting trees was first put forward in 1911 by Sun Zhongshan, the great leader in Chinese history. He said more trees were needed as a protection against flood and drought（干旱）. In 1915, April 5th was named as Tree - Planting Day. Then in 1979, the day was changed to March 12th to remember the date on which Sun Zhongshan died. The Gobi（戈壁）Desert in the north of China was expanding every year. So in 1978, the government started a tree - planting project to stop the Gobi spreading. The government and local farmers have been planting millions of trees to build a great green "wall" along the edge of the desert. “Have you heard of the Green Wall of China? That's the biggest tree - planting project of all.” says Li Li. “Tree - planting has become a tradition in China now.” says Lin Tao, “Almost everyone does it on March 12th. Many people also plant a tree on a special day. My parents planted a tree when I started school. And my cousin planted one on his wedding day. We do it for the environment and for ourselves.” 1. （ ）When is Tree - Planting Day in China now? A. April 5th. B. March 12th. C. March 5th. D. April 12th. 2. （ ）Who first put forward the idea of planting trees? A. Li Li. B. Lin Tao. C. Sun Zhongshan. D. Farmers. 3. （ ）Why was the tree - planting project started in 1978? A. To make China more beautiful. B. To remember Sun Zhongshan. C. To stop the Gobi spreading. D. To make people have more trees. 4（ ）. What does the underlined word “expanding” mean in Chinese? A. 缩小 B. 扩张 C. 移动 D. 消失 5. （ ）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Only farmers plant trees on Tree - Planting Day. B. The Green Wall of China is the biggest tree - planting project in the world. C. People can't plant trees on any other day except March 12th. D. Lin Tao's parents planted a tree on his wedding day. Passage7 （2019年贵州遵义中考真题）In space, there was a little gray planet. It looked very 21______, because the people who lived there hadn't looked after it. They had polluted the whole planet heavily 22______ rubbish and pollution. As a result, there were few plants and animals left. One day, a little boy Jim was walking on the planet, when he passed a cave(山洞) and 23______ a small red flower inside. The flower was very sick—almost dying, so Jim 24______ dug up the flower, with roots, soil and everything. Then he started looking for a place 25 ______care of it. He searched all over the planet, but everywhere was polluted so much that there was 26______ place the flower could possibly live in. Then he looked up at the moon. It seemed that maybe the plant could live there. Jim decided to go there. He 27______ a spaceship and put the little red flower in the back, then they flew to the moon. Far away from all the pollution, the flower soon grew up, giving birth to others, and these other flowers spread onto other flowers. Soon the whole moon was completely covered with flowers. When the little boy’s flowers came out, the moon gave out a soft red 28______. It was the most beautiful scenery he had ever seen. Maybe the story is telling 29______ we don’t look after the planet, a day will come when flowers can only grow on the moon. So we must be friendly to 30______ place that we are living in now. 21.（ ）A.happy B.sad C.excited D.bored 22.（ ）A.about B.from C.with D.beside 23.（ ）A.noticed B.believed C.decided D.expected 24.（ ）A.careful B.carefully C.careless D.carelessly 25.（ ）A.to take B.take C.took D.taking 26.（ ）A.some B.many C.no D.much 27.（ ）A.went away B.went through C.climbed into D.climbed out 28.（ ）A.fire B.smell C.noise D.light 29.（ ）A.unless B.that C.before D.if 30.（ ）A.us B.our C.ours D.ourselves Passage8 (2022年山东潍坊中考真题)The environment is everything around us in the natural world. It is the earth, the air, rivers, lakes, forests and seas. These are 11 human beings depend on for a living. All natural waste is 12. Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil. This is their 13. The carbon dioxide that people and animals breathe（呼吸）out is used by plants to breathe and help them 14. Plants give out oxygen which people and animals need to breathe in. Plants 15 water through their roots. They pass it out through their leaves 16 moisture（水分）. This moisture, together with water vapour coming from rivers and seas, rises and turns into water droplets and forms clouds. Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of 17. In this way, the water goes 18 to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again. However, humans have made a lot of changes to the earth. The technology and industry have made life 19, but they also produce a lot of new waste. Nature finds this new waste hard or 20 to recycle. 11.（ ）A.what B.which C.where D.how 12.（ ）A.recyclable B.dangerous C.polluted D.useless 13.（ ）A.hobby B.job C.fun D.dream 14.（ ）A.sleep B.stop C.grow D.play 15.（ ）A.take in B.take out C.take off D.take away 16.（ ）A.as B.for C.like D.with 17.（ ）A.snow B.wind C.cloud D.rain 18.（ ）A.away B.back C.up D.down 19.（ ）A.easier B.harder C.busier D.sadder 20.（ ）A.possible B.impossible C.important D.unimportant Passage9 (2019年甘肃天水中考真题)March 22 is World Water Day. It started in 1993. It not only makes us think about the importance of water, but also calls on（号召）us to 71______ and protect water. Today, we're facing terrible water problems. Among them, the wastewater problem is rather 72______. And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is "wastewater". What is wastewater? It is used water. Usually, wastewater comes from homes, 73______, hospitals and so on. It is produced by different kinds of activities, including washing machines, taking showers and using kitchens. The rain also 74______ wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm. No matter where it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have 75______ harmful in it. 76______ must we treat（处理）wastewater? Wastewater has a big influence on our lives. It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment. We must care for our environment and our own 77______. How can we treat wastewater？Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment. Wastewater 78 ______homes can be reused. Then there will be 79______ wastewater. Also, factory wastewater has to be cleaned 80______ it goes back to nature. 71.（ ）A.drink B.save C.carry D.watch 72.（ ）A.easy B.popular C.small D.serious 73.（ ）A.factories B.lakes C.rivers D.seas 74.（ ）A.gets back B.hands in C.changes into D.picks up 75.（ ）A.nothing B.something C.nobody D.somebody 76.（ ）A.What B.Who C.Why D.How 77.（ ）A.work B.interest C.health D.business 78.（ ）A.on B.for C.with D.from 79.（ ）A.less B.more C.better D.worse 80.（ ）A.and B.whether C.after D.before Passage10 （模拟题，八年级水平）：It's March 12th. Li Lei and Han Meimei are digging on a hill not far from their school. In China, people across the country plant trees 1______ on this day. The idea of planting trees was first put forward in 1911 by Sun Zhongshan, the great 2______ in Chinese history. He said more trees were needed as a 3______ against flood and drought（干旱）. In 1915, April 5th was named as Tree - Planting Day. Then in 1979, the day was 4______ to March 12th to 5______ the date on which Sun Zhongshan died. The Gobi（戈壁）Desert in the north of China was 6______ every year. So in 1978, the government started a tree - planting project to 7______ the Gobi spreading. The government and local farmers have been planting millions of trees to build a great green "wall" along the edge of the desert. “Have you heard of the Green Wall of China? That's the biggest tree - planting 8______ of all.” says Li Lei. “Tree - planting has become a tradition in China now.” says Han Meimei, “Almost everyone does it on March 12th. Many people also plant a tree on a 9______ day. My parents planted a tree when I started school. And my cousin planted 10______ on his wedding day. We do it for the environment and for ourselves.” 1.（ ）A.happily B.sadly C.traditionally D.quickly 2.（ ）A.teacher B.leader C.doctor D.scientist 3.（ ）A.protection B.prediction C.preparation D.production 4.（ ）A.changed B.made C.put D.taken 5.（ ）A.remember B.forget C.miss D.celebrate 6.（ ）A.growing B.disappearing C.expanding D.shrinking 7.（ ）A.help B.stop C.start D.keep 8.（ ）A.project B.game C.show D.party 9.（ ）A.special B.common C.usual D.terrible 10.（ ）A.it B.that C.one D.this Passage11 （模拟题，八年级水平）Looking back at the history of the earth, thousands of animals have died out. Many 1______ disappear(消失) when their living environments change. This changed the weather of our planet. Some plants and many huge animals are 2______. More animals went off because of humans. One of the reasons is that animals have no places to live in. 3______ the number of people becomes big, countries clear land for farming and housing. Forests and grasslands get lost. So animals lose 4______ land. In Africa, hundreds of wild animals lived across the lands in the past. Now, elephants are 5______ their space with farmers. Another 6______ that large animals face from humans is hunters(猎人). The hunters can 7______ the animals’ parts for money. It is really a 8______ problem. Toward the 19th century, scientists found they needed to protect the animals, 9______ they created national parks. The first national park in the world was Yellowstone. 10______, now there are more than 100 national parks in 120 countries to protect animals. 1.（ ）A.villages B.animals C.houses D.plants 2.（ ）A.in safety B.in danger C.in trouble D.in need 3.（ ）A.Because B.Although C.When D.Until 4.（ ）A.our B.your C.their D.its 5.（ ）A.sharing B.fighting C.losing D.leaving 6.（ ）A.chance B.problem C.situation D.accident 7.（ ）A.buy B.sell C.protect D.see 8.（ ）A.small B.good C.wonderful D.terrible 9.（ ）A.but B.so C.or D.though 10.（ ）A.Luckily B.Unluckily C.Suddenly D.Especially Passage12 （模拟题，八年级水平）Communities play a crucial role in environmental protection. Their efforts are vital for 1______ the delicate balance of nature. Local initiatives such as tree - planting, community clean - up days, and wildlife conservation projects can have a significant 2______ on the local ecosystem. Supporting local farmers who use sustainable agricultural practices can encourage biodiversity and 3______ soil health. By organizing environmental awareness campaigns, communities can raise awareness about the importance of 4______ natural resources and inspire individuals to take action. Lastly, collaborating with local governments and environmental organizations can amplify the 5______ of conservation efforts. 1.（ ）A.disrupting B.maintaining C.creating D.changing 2.（ ）A.impact B.effect C.influence D.result 3.（ ）A.improves B.ignores C.harms D.protects 4.（ ）A.wasting B.polluting C.protecting D.destroying 5.（ ）A.cost B.effort C.result D.effectiveness 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点话题10 自然生态与环境保护 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 254 介绍Kevin冒寒游泳呼吁关注环境。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 186 猫头鹰的习性及生态重要性。 Passage3 阅读理解 议论文 190 主要论述森林重要性及保护措施。 Passage4 阅读理解 应用文 27 本文讲玫瑰园招募清洁园艺志愿者。 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 199 中国植树节及植树造林项目。 Passage6 阅读理解 记叙文 236 中国植树节及植树造林项目。 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 262 主要讲男孩救花至月球，呼吁护星球。 Passage8 完形填空 说明文 198 主要讲环境构成、自然循环及人为影响。 Passage9 完形填空 说明文 204 主要讲世界水日及废水相关问题。 Passage10 完形填空 记叙文 237 主要讲中国植树节及植树相关情况。 Passage11 完形填空 说明文 175 主要讲动物灭绝原因及保护措。 Passage12 完形填空 说明文 96 主要讲社区在环保中的作用及行动。 主题简析素材积累 英语课程标准中关于“自然生态与环境保护”的子话题有：1. 生物多样性保护2.气候变化应对3.环境污染治理4.自然资源可持续利用5.生态系统修复6.环境保护政策与法规（立法、执法、国际合作协议）7.绿色发展模式8.公众环保意识与行动（科普教育、个人实践）等。 关于“自然生态与环境保护”相关话题主要从以下角度进行考查：1. 现状与问题：当前自然生态面临的具体挑战，及其成因分析。2. 科学原理与技术：生态系统的运行规律，以及治理污染、修复生态的技术手段。3. 政策与管理：各国及国际层面的环保政策、法律法规（如《巴黎协定》），以及政策执行的效果与改进方向。4. 社会参与与责任：政府、企业、公众在环保中的角色，包括企业的环保责任、公众的日常行为对环境的影响。5. 长远影响与可持续发展：生态破坏对人类生存的长期威胁（如粮食安全、健康风险），以及如何平衡经济发展与生态保护（如绿色GDP核算） 句子积累 1. We should protect the environment to ensure a sustainable future for all.——我们应当保护环境以确保所有人的可持续未来。 2. The importance of preserving our planet cannot be overstated.——强调保护我们星球的重要性是再恰当不过的。 3. We must act now to preserve biodiversity and combat climate change.——我们必须立即行动，保护生物多样性并应对气候变化。 4. Protection of the environment is everyone's responsibility.——保护环境是每个人的责任。 5. Reducing carbon emissions is crucial in mitigating the impact of climate change.——减少碳排放对于减轻气候变化的影响至关重要。 6. Recycling helps conserve natural resources and protect the environment.——回收有助于节约自然资源并保护环境。 7. Conserving water is vital for the sustainability of our environment and society.——节约水资源对于我们环境和社会的可持续发展至关重要。 8. Defending the environment is preserving our home for future generations.——保护环境就是为我们的后代保卫家园。 9. The health of our planet depends on our actions to protect the environment.——我们星球的健康取决于我们保护环境的行动。 10. We should reduce waste to mitigate environmental pollution and damage.——我们应当减少浪费以减轻环境污染和破坏。 11. Protection of forests is crucial for maintaining the balance of nature.——保护森林对于维持生态平衡至关重要。 12. Air pollution is a serious environmental issue that must be addressed urgently.——空气污染是一个严重的环境问题，必须紧急应对。 13. Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed.——欲驾驭自然必先顺之。 14. The earth gives all of us the essence of matter, and in the end, it gets back garbage from people.——大地给予所有的人是物质的精华，而最后，它从人们那里得到的回赠却是这些物质的垃圾。 15. Only by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it. Only by saving the environment can we save ourselves.——只有我们改变对待环境的态度，我们才能和它更好地相处。只有我们拯救了环境，我们才能拯救自己。 16. The earth is our home, let's protect it together.——地球是我家，共同保护她。 17. Respect nature and fear life.——尊崇自然，敬畏生命。 18. Human beings treating nature well is treating themselves well.——人类善待自然，就是善待自己。 19. Planting trees benefits future generations.——植树造林，功在千秋。 20. Cherish resources for sustainable utilization.——珍惜资源，永续利用。 必备词块 【生态系统相关】 Ecosystem 生态系统 Biodiversity 生物多样性 Species 物种 Habitat 栖息地 Food chain 食物链 Ecological balance 生态平衡 Biome 生物群系 Wetland 湿地 Forest ecosystem 森林生态系统 Marine ecosystem 海洋生态系统 【环境问题相关】 Pollution 污染 Air pollution 空气污染 Water pollution 水污染 Soil pollution 土壤污染 Noise pollution 噪音污染 Plastic pollution 塑料污染 Deforestation 森林砍伐 Desertification 沙漠化 Desertification 荒漠化 Glacier melting 冰川融化 Ozone layer depletion 臭氧层破坏 Acid rain 酸雨 Eutrophication 富营养化 Invasive species 入侵物种 【环境保护行动相关】 Environmental protection 环境保护 Conservation 保护（自然资源等） Restoration 修复（生态等 Afforestation 植树造林 Recycling 回收利用 Waste reduction 减少浪费 Emission reduction 减排 Sustainable development 可持续发展 Green energy 绿色能源 Renewable energy 可再生能源 Carbon footprint 碳足迹 Environmental remediation 环境修复 【政策与协议相关】 Environmental policy 环境政策 Environmental legislation 环境立法 Environmental regulation 环境法规 Carbon tax 碳税 Environmental impact assessment 环境影响评估 International cooperation 国际合作 【环保组织与理念相关】 Environmental organization 环保组织 Greenpeace 绿色和平组织 WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) 世界自然基金会 Environmental awareness 环保意识 Eco-friendly 生态友好的 Low-carbon 低碳的 Circular economy 循环经济 Environmental education 环境教育 Ecological civilization 生态文明 【污染物与有害物质相关】 Pollutant 污染物 Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 二氧化碳 Methane (CH₄) 甲烷 Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) 二氧化硫 Nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) 氮氧化物 Heavy metals 重金属 Pesticide 农药Fertilizer 化肥 Toxic waste 有毒废物 Industrial wastewater 工业废水 Sewage 污水 实战演练 Passage1 （河北中考）Kevin is a special swimmer. He took risks to swim in very cold places because he wanted people to pay attention to the environment. As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and he learned the Earth is in bad condition. He felt worried, and he wanted to save the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water near North Pole（北极）to draw people's attention to the melting glaciers（融化的冰川）. Kevin said that the swim was so painful that it would be his last time swimming in cold water. In 2016, he heard about a lake in the Himalayas（喜马拉雅山脉）. It was formed by melting glaciers. He decided to swim in cold water again. It was difficult to swim in the lake. The air was so cold and the water was too cold, too. But he still finished the swim. He wanted people to know that glaciers in the Himalayas are disappearing because of global（全球的）warming and that there’s less water for people in nearby countries like China, India, and Pakistan. From Kevin's story, we learn two lessons. We learn that people can do a lot of harm to the Earth without realizing it. Also, we learn that if we change the way we think, we can do something to protect our environment. With the new way of thinking in our minds, we can enjoy a bright future. 1. （ ）Why did Kevin swim in very cold places? A. To have a special experience. B. To enjoy himself. C. To draw people's attention to the environment. D. To keep healthy. 2.  （ ）What does the underlined word “condition” mean in Chinese? A. 条件 B. 状况 C. 环境 D. 形势 3.  （ ）When did Kevin swim near the North Pole? A. In 2009. B. In 2016. C. In 2019. D. In 2022. 4.  （ ）Why are the glaciers in the Himalayas disappearing? A. Because of too much rain. B. Because of global warming. C. Because of too many people. D. Because of the pollution. 5.  （ ）What can we learn from Kevin's story? A. We should swim in cold water to keep healthy. B. We should visit national parks often. C. People can't do anything to protect the environment. D. We should change our way of thinking to protect the environment. 【参考答案】CBABD 【导语】主要讲Kevin冒寒游泳呼吁关注环境。 1. 第1题：问题问Kevin在极寒地区游泳的原因。原文明确提到“He took risks to swim in very cold places because he wanted people to pay attention to the environment”，直接对应选项C“To draw people's attention to the environment”，故答案为C。 2. 第2题：划线词“condition”所在句为“he learned the Earth is in bad condition”，结合上下文（Kevin担忧地球并想拯救它），此处指地球的“状况”不好，而非“条件”“环境”或“形势”，故答案为B。 3. 第3题：问题问Kevin何时在北极附近游泳。原文明确提到“In 2009, he went to swim in water near North Pole”，直接对应选项A，故答案为A。 4. 第4题：问题问喜马拉雅冰川消失的原因。原文提到“glaciers in the Himalayas are disappearing because of global warming”，直接对应选项B，故答案为B。 5. 第5题：问题问从Kevin的故事中能学到什么。原文最后提到“we learn that if we change the way we think, we can do something to protect our environment”，对应选项D，其他选项均与原文不符，故答案为D。 Passage2 （2023 - 2024学年译林版八年级上册） Owls live in almost every country in the world. Most owls don’t sleep at night. When they fly, you can’t hear them. They are very quiet. Owls are good at hunting（捕猎）. They eat a lot of things such as mice, snakes, small birds and even fish. Owls have very good hearing. That helps them to hunt well in dark places. Their eyes are special. Both of their eyes face front. They can see very far away. There are facial disks（面盘）around their eyes. These facial disks can help with their hearing. Owls can turn their heads 270°. That helps them see what’s going on all around them. Maybe because owls look a little different and have special life habits. There are a lot of stories about them. Some cultures believe that owls are very clever and some cultures think owls may bring bad luck. But in fact, owls are important to the ecosystem. They help control the number of small animals, which is good for the balance of nature. 1.（ ） What do most owls do at night? A. They sleep. B. They hunt. C. They fly around. D. They make noise. 2. （ ）Why are owls good at hunting in dark places? A. Because they can see far away. B. Because they have good hearing. C. Because they are very quiet. D. Because they can turn their heads 270°. 3. （ ）What can we know from the passage? A. Owls only eat mice and snakes. B. Owls can bring bad luck to people. C. Owls’ eyes face different directions. D. Owls play an important role in the ecosystem. 4. （ ）What does the underlined word “control” mean in Chinese? A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 控制 D. 消灭 5. （ ）What is the best title for the passage? A. The Owls B. The Ecosystem C. The Hunting Skills of Owls D. The Stories about Owls 【参考答案】BBDCA 【导语】主要讲猫头鹰的习性及生态重要性。 1. 第1题：问题问大多数猫头鹰在夜间做什么。原文提到“Most owls don’t sleep at night”且“Owls are good at hunting”，结合常识可知夜间是它们的捕猎时间，对应选项B，故答案为B。 2. 第2题：问题问猫头鹰为何擅长在黑暗中捕猎。原文明确说“Owls have very good hearing. That helps them to hunt well in dark places”，即良好的听力是关键，对应选项B，故答案为B。 3. 第3题：选项A错误，原文提到猫头鹰“eat a lot of things such as mice, snakes... even fish”，不止吃老鼠和蛇；选项B错误，原文说“some cultures think owls may bring bad luck”，是部分文化的看法，并非事实；选项C错误，原文说“Both of their eyes face front”，眼睛朝向相同；选项D正确，原文提到“owls are important to the ecosystem”，故答案为D。 4. 第4题：划线词“control”所在句为“They help control the number of small animals”，结合语境，猫头鹰对生态有益，应是“控制”小型动物的数量以维持平衡，对应选项C，故答案为C。 5. 第5题：文章整体围绕猫头鹰的习性（夜间活动、捕猎能力等）、文化印象及生态作用展开，核心是猫头鹰，选项A最全面；B（生态系统）、C（捕猎技巧）、D（相关故事）均为部分内容，故答案为A。 Passage3 （八年级真题模板）Forests, as we all know, consist of many trees. They are great things, and I think they are the pride of the earth. We all see them as symbols of life. But in modern times, what we’re doing is that trees are being cut down to make furniture and many other things, and a lot of people set fire to them. What a shame. Now we have to take action to protect the trees, to make our forests their true colors, to take action and to achieve it. Everyone knows that we have only one earth, and we share it with different kinds of plants and animals. With the development of industry, we humans have produced more and more harmful pollution to animals, plants and ourselves. The most serious problem we have to face is that the earth is being destroyed by our so - called civilization. Sometimes, you will find that there are more and more natural disasters on the earth. We should plant more trees instead of cutting down trees. We must stop people from littering and polluting rivers. Remember, saving the earth is saving ourselves. 1. （ ）What are forests seen as by people? A. Symbols of furniture. B. Symbols of life. C. Symbols of fire. D. Symbols of civilization. 2. （ ）Why are trees being cut down in modern times? A. To make the earth more beautiful. B. To set fire to them. C. To make furniture and other things. D. To plant more other plants. 3. （ ）What is the most serious problem we face according to the passage? A. There are too many trees. B. The earth is being destroyed. C. There are too many animals. D. People don't like forests. 4. （ ）What should we do to protect the earth? A. Cut down more trees. B. Produce more pollution. C. Plant more trees and stop pollution. D. Set fire to the forests. 5. （ ）What's the main idea of the passage? A. Forests are very important, and we should protect them. B. There are many natural disasters on the earth. C. People like cutting down trees. D. We should share the earth with animals. 【参考答案】BCBCA 【导语】主要论述森林重要性及保护措施。 1. 第1题：答案B原文明确提到“We all see them as symbols of life”，即森林被视为生命的象征，故选B。 2. 第2题：答案C文中指出“trees are being cut down to make furniture and many other things”，说明砍伐树木是为了制作家具和其他物品，故选C。 3. 第3题：答案B原文提到“The most serious problem we have to face is that the earth is being destroyed by our so-called civilization”，最严重的问题是地球正被破坏，故选B。 4. 第4题：答案C文中明确建议“We should plant more trees instead of cutting down trees. We must stop people from littering and polluting rivers”，即多植树、阻止污染，故选C。 5. 第5题：答案A文章开篇强调森林的重要性，随后指出砍伐问题，最后呼吁保护森林，核心主旨是“森林很重要，我们应保护它们”，故选A。 Passage4 （湖南中考英语） Volunteers are needed for cleaning and gardening at Rose Garden. Good at taking care of plants. Work from 7 a.m. to noon on August 5th and 6th. 1. （ ）What kind of volunteers are needed? A. Volunteers for cleaning and gardening. B. Volunteers for looking after animals. C. Volunteers for teaching children. D. Volunteers for helping the old. 2. （ ）What should the volunteers be good at? A. Cooking. B. Singing. C. Taking care of plants. D. Dancing. 3. （ ）When will the volunteers work? A. From 7 a.m. to noon on August 5th and 6th. B. From 7 a.m. to noon on August 6th and 7th. C. From 7 a.m. to noon on August 7th and 8th. D. From 7 a.m. to noon on August 8th and 9th. 【参考答案】ACA 【导语】主要讲玫瑰园招募清洁园艺志愿者。 1. 第1题：问题问需要哪种志愿者。原文第一句明确提到“Volunteers are needed for cleaning and gardening at Rose Garden”，直接对应选项A，故答案为A。 2. 第2题：问题问志愿者需要擅长什么。原文提到“Good at taking care of plants”，即需要擅长照料植物，对应选项C，故答案为C。 3. 第3题：问题问志愿者的工作时间。原文明确说明“Work from 7 a.m. to noon on August 5th and 6th”，与选项A完全一致，故答案为A。 Passage5 （2022年山东潍坊中考真题）The environment is everything around us in the natural world. It is the earth, the air, rivers, lakes, forests and seas. These are what human beings depend on for a living. All natural waste is recyclable. Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil. This is their function. The carbon dioxide that people and animals breathe（呼吸）out is used by plants to breathe and help them grow. Plants give out oxygen which people and animals need to breathe in. Plants take in water through their roots. They pass it out through their leaves as moisture（水分）. This moisture, together with water vapour coming from rivers and seas, rises and turns into water droplets and forms clouds. Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of rain. In this way, the water goes back to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again. However, humans have made a lot of changes to the earth. The technology and industry have made life easier, but they also produce a lot of new waste. Nature finds this new waste hard or impossible to recycle. 1. （ ）What do human beings depend on for a living according to the passage? A. Factories and cities. B. The environment. C. Technology and industry. D. Animals and plants. 2.（ ） What does the underlined word “recyclable” mean in Chinese? A. 可回收的 B. 可利用的 C. 可再生的 D. 可分解的 3. （ ）What's the function of small creatures in the soil? A. To breathe out carbon dioxide. B. To take in oxygen. C. To break down animal waste and dead bodies. D. To give out moisture. 4.（ ） How does water go back to the earth, rivers and seas? A. In the form of snow. B. In the form of ice. C. In the form of rain. D. In the form of vapour. 5. （ ）What problem do humans bring to the nature? A. They make the air cleaner. B. They produce a lot of new waste which is hard to recycle. C. They make the rivers cleaner. D. They help the plants grow better. 【参考答案】BACCB 【导语】主要讲环境构成、自然循环及人为影响。 1. 第1题：问题问人类依赖什么生存。原文提到“The environment is... These are what human beings depend on for a living”，明确指出环境是人类生存的依靠，对应选项B，故答案为B。 2. 第2题：划线词“recyclable”所在句为“All natural waste is recyclable”，后文举例说明动物粪便和尸体被分解、二氧化碳被植物利用等，体现自然废物可“循环利用”，即“可回收的”，对应选项A，故答案为A。 3. 第3题：问题问土壤中微生物的作用。原文明确说“Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil”，直接对应选项C，故答案为C。 4. 第4题：问题问水如何回到地球、河流和海洋。原文提到“Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of rain. In this way, the water goes back...”，说明以雨水形式回归，对应选项C，故答案为C。 5. 第5题：问题问人类给自然带来的问题。原文最后提到“they also produce a lot of new waste. Nature finds this new waste hard or impossible to recycle”，对应选项B，其他选项均与原文描述相反，故答案为B。 Passage6 （2022年四川巴中中考真题）It's March 12th. Li Li and Lin Tao are digging on a hill not far from their school. In China, people across the country plant trees on this day. The idea of planting trees was first put forward in 1911 by Sun Zhongshan, the great leader in Chinese history. He said more trees were needed as a protection against flood and drought（干旱）. In 1915, April 5th was named as Tree - Planting Day. Then in 1979, the day was changed to March 12th to remember the date on which Sun Zhongshan died. The Gobi（戈壁）Desert in the north of China was expanding every year. So in 1978, the government started a tree - planting project to stop the Gobi spreading. The government and local farmers have been planting millions of trees to build a great green "wall" along the edge of the desert. “Have you heard of the Green Wall of China? That's the biggest tree - planting project of all.” says Li Li. “Tree - planting has become a tradition in China now.” says Lin Tao, “Almost everyone does it on March 12th. Many people also plant a tree on a special day. My parents planted a tree when I started school. And my cousin planted one on his wedding day. We do it for the environment and for ourselves.” 1. （ ）When is Tree - Planting Day in China now? A. April 5th. B. March 12th. C. March 5th. D. April 12th. 2. （ ）Who first put forward the idea of planting trees? A. Li Li. B. Lin Tao. C. Sun Zhongshan. D. Farmers. 3. （ ）Why was the tree - planting project started in 1978? A. To make China more beautiful. B. To remember Sun Zhongshan. C. To stop the Gobi spreading. D. To make people have more trees. 4（ ）. What does the underlined word “expanding” mean in Chinese? A. 缩小 B. 扩张 C. 移动 D. 消失 5. （ ）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Only farmers plant trees on Tree - Planting Day. B. The Green Wall of China is the biggest tree - planting project in the world. C. People can't plant trees on any other day except March 12th. D. Lin Tao's parents planted a tree on his wedding day. 【参考答案】BCCBB 【导语】主要讲中国植树节及植树造林项目。 1. 第1题：问题问中国现在的植树节是哪天。原文明确提到“in 1979, the day was changed to March 12th”，直接对应选项B，故答案为B。 2. 第2题：问题问谁首次提出植树的想法。原文指出“The idea of planting trees was first put forward in 1911 by Sun Zhongshan”，对应选项C，故答案为C。 3. 第3题：问题问1978年启动植树项目的原因。原文提到“The Gobi Desert... was expanding every year. So in 1978, the government started a tree-planting project to stop the Gobi spreading”，即阻止戈壁扩张，对应选项C，故答案为C。 4. 第4题：划线词“expanding”描述戈壁沙漠的状态，结合后文“start a tree-planting project to stop the Gobi spreading”（阻止戈壁扩张），可知“expanding”与“spreading”意思相近，意为“扩张”，对应选项B，故答案为B。 5. 第5题：选项A错误，原文说“Almost everyone does it on March 12th”，并非只有农民；选项B正确，原文提到“the Green Wall of China... That's the biggest tree-planting project of all”；选项C错误，文中提到“Many people also plant a tree on a special day”；选项D错误，原文是“my parents planted a tree when I started school”。故答案为B。 Passage7 （2019年贵州遵义中考真题）In space, there was a little gray planet. It looked very 21______, because the people who lived there hadn't looked after it. They had polluted the whole planet heavily 22______ rubbish and pollution. As a result, there were few plants and animals left. One day, a little boy Jim was walking on the planet, when he passed a cave(山洞) and 23______ a small red flower inside. The flower was very sick—almost dying, so Jim 24______ dug up the flower, with roots, soil and everything. Then he started looking for a place 25 ______care of it. He searched all over the planet, but everywhere was polluted so much that there was 26______ place the flower could possibly live in. Then he looked up at the moon. It seemed that maybe the plant could live there. Jim decided to go there. He 27______ a spaceship and put the little red flower in the back, then they flew to the moon. Far away from all the pollution, the flower soon grew up, giving birth to others, and these other flowers spread onto other flowers. Soon the whole moon was completely covered with flowers. When the little boy’s flowers came out, the moon gave out a soft red 28______. It was the most beautiful scenery he had ever seen. Maybe the story is telling 29______ we don’t look after the planet, a day will come when flowers can only grow on the moon. So we must be friendly to 30______ place that we are living in now. 21.（ ）A.happy B.sad C.excited D.bored 22.（ ）A.about B.from C.with D.beside 23.（ ）A.noticed B.believed C.decided D.expected 24.（ ）A.careful B.carefully C.careless D.carelessly 25.（ ）A.to take B.take C.took D.taking 26.（ ）A.some B.many C.no D.much 27.（ ）A.went away B.went through C.climbed into D.climbed out 28.（ ）A.fire B.smell C.noise D.light 29.（ ）A.unless B.that C.before D.if 30.（ ）A.us B.our C.ours D.ourselves 【参考答案】BCABA CCDDB 【导语】主要讲男孩救花至月球，呼吁护星球。 第21题（B. sad） 星球因被严重污染，动植物所剩无几，外观应是“悲伤的”。结合语境，“sad”符合星球被破坏后的状态，其他选项“happy（开心的）”“excited（兴奋的）”“bored（无聊的）”均不符合，故选B。 第22题（C. with） “pollute...with...”是固定搭配，意为“用……污染……”，此处指用垃圾和污染物污染星球，其他介词“about（关于）”“from（来自）”“beside（在……旁边）”均不适用，故选C。 第23题（A. noticed） 男孩路过山洞时“注意到”里面的小红花，“noticed”强调“偶然发现”，符合语境；“believed（相信）”“decided（决定）”“expected（期待）”均不符合动作逻辑，故选A。 第24题（B. carefully） 花濒临死亡，男孩应“小心地”挖花。修饰动词“dug”需用副词，“carefully（小心地）”符合；“careful（形容词，小心的）”“careless（粗心的）”“carelessly（粗心地）”均不符合，故选B。 第25题（A. to take） “look for a place to do sth.”为固定结构，不定式作目的状语，意为“找地方做某事”，“take care of”表示“照顾”，其他形式“take（动词原形）”“took（过去式）”“taking（现在分词）”均不符合语法，故选A。 第26题（C. no） 星球污染严重，因此“没有”花能生存的地方。“no”表示否定，符合语境；“some（一些）”“many（许多）”“much（大量）”均与“到处被污染”的描述矛盾，故选C。 第27题（C. climbed into） 男孩决定去月球，应是“爬进”飞船，“climbed into”符合动作；“went away（离开）”“went through（穿过）”“climbed out（爬出）”均不符合去月球的逻辑，故选C。 第28题（D. light） 月球被花覆盖后，应发出柔和的“光”，“light”符合；“fire（火）”“smell（气味）”“noise（噪音）”均与“soft red”的描述不符，故选D。  第29题（D. if） 故事传达的是“如果”不保护星球，花朵可能只能在月球生长，“if”引导条件状语从句，符合逻辑；“unless（除非）”“that（无实义）”“before（在……之前）”均不符合假设关系，故选D。 第30题（B. our） 修饰名词“place”需用形容词性物主代词，“our（我们的）”符合，指“我们居住的地方”；“us（宾格，我们）”“ours（名词性物主代词，我们的）”“ourselves（反身代词，我们自己）”均不修饰名词，故选B。 Passage8 (2022年山东潍坊中考真题)The environment is everything around us in the natural world. It is the earth, the air, rivers, lakes, forests and seas. These are 11 human beings depend on for a living. All natural waste is 12. Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil. This is their 13. The carbon dioxide that people and animals breathe（呼吸）out is used by plants to breathe and help them 14. Plants give out oxygen which people and animals need to breathe in. Plants 15 water through their roots. They pass it out through their leaves 16 moisture（水分）. This moisture, together with water vapour coming from rivers and seas, rises and turns into water droplets and forms clouds. Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of 17. In this way, the water goes 18 to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again. However, humans have made a lot of changes to the earth. The technology and industry have made life 19, but they also produce a lot of new waste. Nature finds this new waste hard or 20 to recycle. 11.（ ）A.what B.which C.where D.how 12.（ ）A.recyclable B.dangerous C.polluted D.useless 13.（ ）A.hobby B.job C.fun D.dream 14.（ ）A.sleep B.stop C.grow D.play 15.（ ）A.take in B.take out C.take off D.take away 16.（ ）A.as B.for C.like D.with 17.（ ）A.snow B.wind C.cloud D.rain 18.（ ）A.away B.back C.up D.down 19.（ ）A.easier B.harder C.busier D.sadder 20.（ ）A.possible B.impossible C.important D.unimportant 【参考答案】AABCA ADBAB 【导语】主要讲环境构成、自然循环及人为影响。 11. A. what 空格处引导表语从句，且在从句中作“depend on”的宾语，指“人类赖以生存的东西”，“what”符合语法和语境，“which（哪一个）”“where（哪里）”“how（如何）”均不适用，故选A。 12. A. recyclable 后文举例说明动物粪便被分解、二氧化碳被植物利用等，体现自然废物可“循环利用”，“recyclable（可回收的）”符合，“dangerous（危险的）”“polluted（被污染的）”“useless（无用的）”均不符合，故选A。 13. B. job 土壤中的微生物分解动物粪便和尸体，这是它们的“职责”，“hobby（爱好）”“fun（乐趣）”“dream（梦想）”均不符合，故选B。 14. C. grow 植物利用二氧化碳是为了“生长”，“sleep（睡觉）”“stop（停止）”“play（玩耍）”均不符合植物的生长逻辑，故选C。 15. A. take in 植物通过根部“吸收”水分，“take in（吸收）”符合，“take out（取出）”“take off（起飞）”“take away（带走）”均不符合，故选A。 16. A. as 植物通过叶片将水分以“水分”的形式排出，“as”表示“作为”，符合“pass...out as...”（以……形式排出）的搭配，故选A。 17. D. rain 前文提到水滴变大后“fall down”，结合自然常识，这是“雨”的形成过程，“snow（雪）”“wind（风）”“cloud（云）”均不符合，故选D。 18. B. back 雨水回到地球、河流和海洋，形成循环，“go back to”意为“回到”，符合语境，“away（离开）”“up（向上）”“down（向下）”均不符合，故选B。 19. A. easier 科技和工业应是让生活“更便捷”，而非“更艰难”“更忙碌”“更悲伤”，故选A。 20. B. impossible 前文说自然难以回收新废物，“or”连接并列成分，“impossible（不可能的）”与“hard”呼应，符合语境，故选B。 Passage9 (2019年甘肃天水中考真题)March 22 is World Water Day. It started in 1993. It not only makes us think about the importance of water, but also calls on（号召）us to 71______ and protect water. Today, we're facing terrible water problems. Among them, the wastewater problem is rather 72______. And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is "wastewater". What is wastewater? It is used water. Usually, wastewater comes from homes, 73______, hospitals and so on. It is produced by different kinds of activities, including washing machines, taking showers and using kitchens. The rain also 74______ wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm. No matter where it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have 75______ harmful in it. 76______ must we treat（处理）wastewater? Wastewater has a big influence on our lives. It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment. We must care for our environment and our own 77______. How can we treat wastewater？Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment. Wastewater 78 ______homes can be reused. Then there will be 79______ wastewater. Also, factory wastewater has to be cleaned 80______ it goes back to nature. 71.（ ）A.drink B.save C.carry D.watch 72.（ ）A.easy B.popular C.small D.serious 73.（ ）A.factories B.lakes C.rivers D.seas 74.（ ）A.gets back B.hands in C.changes into D.picks up 75.（ ）A.nothing B.something C.nobody D.somebody 76.（ ）A.What B.Who C.Why D.How 77.（ ）A.work B.interest C.health D.business 78.（ ）A.on B.for C.with D.from 79.（ ）A.less B.more C.better D.worse 80.（ ）A.and B.whether C.after D.before 【参考答案】BDACB CCDAD 【导语】主要讲世界水日及废水相关问题。 71. B.save 句意：它不仅让我们思考水的重要性，还号召我们节约和保护水。结合“protect water”可知，此处应是“节约水”，save符合语境。 72. D.serious 句意：其中，废水问题相当严重。由“terrible water problems”可知，废水问题应是“严重的”，serious符合语境。 73. A.factories 句意：通常，废水来自家庭、工厂、医院等。homes、hospitals均为产生废水的场所，factories（工厂）同理，而lakes、rivers、seas是水域，并非废水来源。 74. C.changes into 句意：暴雨期间，雨水沿街流淌时也会变成废水。雨水在流动中混入杂质，“变成”废水，changes into符合逻辑。 75. B.something 句意：无论来自何处，这类水肯定含有一些有害物质。肯定句中表示“一些东西”用something，此处指有害物质。 76. C.Why 句意：我们为什么必须处理废水？下文讲废水的危害，是解释“处理废水的原因”，故用Why提问。 77. C.health 句意：我们必须关注环境和自身健康。前文提到废水“causes illness”，因此与“健康”相关，health符合语境。 78. D.from 句意：来自家庭的废水可以被再利用。“来自家庭”用“from homes”，表示来源。 79. A.less 句意：这样，废水就会更少。家庭废水被再利用，会减少废水总量，less符合语境。 80. D.before 句意：此外，工厂废水在回归自然之前必须经过净化。结合逻辑，废水应先处理“再”回到自然，before（在……之前）符合语境。 Passage10 （模拟题，八年级水平）：It's March 12th. Li Lei and Han Meimei are digging on a hill not far from their school. In China, people across the country plant trees 1______ on this day. The idea of planting trees was first put forward in 1911 by Sun Zhongshan, the great 2______ in Chinese history. He said more trees were needed as a 3______ against flood and drought（干旱）. In 1915, April 5th was named as Tree - Planting Day. Then in 1979, the day was 4______ to March 12th to 5______ the date on which Sun Zhongshan died. The Gobi（戈壁）Desert in the north of China was 6______ every year. So in 1978, the government started a tree - planting project to 7______ the Gobi spreading. The government and local farmers have been planting millions of trees to build a great green "wall" along the edge of the desert. “Have you heard of the Green Wall of China? That's the biggest tree - planting 8______ of all.” says Li Lei. “Tree - planting has become a tradition in China now.” says Han Meimei, “Almost everyone does it on March 12th. Many people also plant a tree on a 9______ day. My parents planted a tree when I started school. And my cousin planted 10______ on his wedding day. We do it for the environment and for ourselves.” 1.（ ）A.happily B.sadly C.traditionally D.quickly 2.（ ）A.teacher B.leader C.doctor D.scientist 3.（ ）A.protection B.prediction C.preparation D.production 4.（ ）A.changed B.made C.put D.taken 5.（ ）A.remember B.forget C.miss D.celebrate 6.（ ）A.growing B.disappearing C.expanding D.shrinking 7.（ ）A.help B.stop C.start D.keep 8.（ ）A.project B.game C.show D.party 9.（ ）A.special B.common C.usual D.terrible 10.（ ）A.it B.that C.one D.this 【参考答案】CBAAA CBAAC 【导语】主要讲中国植树节及植树相关情况。 1. C. traditionally 句意：在中国，全国人民在这一天有植树的传统。结合下文“Tree-planting has become a tradition”，可知此处指“传统上”在这一天植树，“traditionally”符合语境，故选C。 2. B. leader 孙中山是中国历史上的伟大“领袖”，“teacher（教师）”“doctor（医生）”“scientist（科学家）”均不符合其身份，故选B。 3. A. protection “as a protection against...”意为“作为抵御……的保护”，树木能抵御洪水和干旱，“protection”符合，其他选项“prediction（预测）”“preparation（准备）”“production（生产）”均不适用，故选A。 4. A. changed 前文提到1915年植树节是4月5日，1979年“改为”3月12日，“changed”表示“改变”，符合语境，故选A。 5. A. remember 3月12日是孙中山的逝世纪念日，改日期是为了“纪念”他，“forget（忘记）”“miss（想念）”“celebrate（庆祝）”均不符合，故选A。 6. C. expanding 戈壁沙漠每年在“扩张”，因此政府启动植树项目，“growing（生长）”“disappearing（消失）”“shrinking（缩小）”均不符合语境，故选C。 7. B. stop 植树项目的目的是“阻止”戈壁扩张，“help（帮助）”“start（开始）”“keep（保持）”均不符合，故选B。 8. A. project 前文提到“a tree-planting project”，此处指“三北防护林”是最大的植树“项目”，“game（游戏）”“show（展览）”“party（聚会）”均不符合，故选A。 9. A. special 人们会在“特殊的日子”植树（如上学、婚礼），“special（特殊的）”符合，“common（普通的）”“usual（平常的）”“terrible（糟糕的）”均不符合，故选A。 10. C. one 指代“一棵树”，同类不同物用“one”，“it（它，特指同一物）”“that（那个，远指）”“this（这个，近指）”均不适用，故选C。 Passage11 （模拟题，八年级水平）Looking back at the history of the earth, thousands of animals have died out. Many 1______ disappear(消失) when their living environments change. This changed the weather of our planet. Some plants and many huge animals are 2______. More animals went off because of humans. One of the reasons is that animals have no places to live in. 3______ the number of people becomes big, countries clear land for farming and housing. Forests and grasslands get lost. So animals lose 4______ land. In Africa, hundreds of wild animals lived across the lands in the past. Now, elephants are 5______ their space with farmers. Another 6______ that large animals face from humans is hunters(猎人). The hunters can 7______ the animals’ parts for money. It is really a 8______ problem. Toward the 19th century, scientists found they needed to protect the animals, 9______ they created national parks. The first national park in the world was Yellowstone. 10______, now there are more than 100 national parks in 120 countries to protect animals. 1.（ ）A.villages B.animals C.houses D.plants 2.（ ）A.in safety B.in danger C.in trouble D.in need 3.（ ）A.Because B.Although C.When D.Until 4.（ ）A.our B.your C.their D.its 5.（ ）A.sharing B.fighting C.losing D.leaving 6.（ ）A.chance B.problem C.situation D.accident 7.（ ）A.buy B.sell C.protect D.see 8.（ ）A.small B.good C.wonderful D.terrible 9.（ ）A.but B.so C.or D.though 10.（ ）A.Luckily B.Unluckily C.Suddenly D.Especially 【参考答案】BBCCA BBDBA 【导语】主要讲动物灭绝原因及保护措。 1. B. animals 前文提到“thousands of animals have died out”，此处承接上文，指“动物”因生存环境变化而消失，其他选项“villages（村庄）”“houses（房屋）”“plants（植物）”均不符合语境，故选B。 2. B. in danger 生存环境变化导致一些动植物“处于危险中”，“in danger”表示“濒危”，符合语境；“in safety（安全）”“in trouble（有麻烦，侧重困境）”“in need（需要帮助）”均不贴切，故选B。 3. C. When 句意：当人口数量增多时，国家会清理土地用于耕种和居住。“When”引导时间状语从句，强调“当……时”，符合逻辑；“Because（因为）”“Although（尽管）”“Until（直到）”均不符合，故选C。 4. C. their 动物失去“它们的”栖息地，指代“animals”用“their”，“our（我们的）”“your（你们的）”“its（它的）”均不适用，故选C。 5. A. sharing 非洲野生动物的领地被侵占，大象不得不与农民“共享”空间，“sharing”符合语境；“fighting（争斗）”“losing（失去）”“leaving（离开）”均不符合后文“space with farmers”的搭配，故选A。 6. B. problem 猎人捕猎是大型动物面临的另一个“问题”，前文已提到“动物无栖息地”这一问题，此处承接，“problem”符合；“chance（机会）”“situation（情况）”“accident（事故）”均不符合，故选B。 7. B. sell 猎人“出售”动物器官赚钱，“sell”符合逻辑；“buy（购买）”“protect（保护）”“see（看见）”均不符合猎人的行为，故选B。 8. D. terrible 猎人捕猎是“严重的”问题，“terrible（糟糕的，严重的）”符合；“small（小的）”“good（好的）”“wonderful（极好的）”均不符合，故选D。 9. B. so 科学家发现需要保护动物，“因此”建立国家公园，前后是因果关系，“so（因此）”符合；“but（但是）”“or（或者）”“though（尽管）”均不符合，故选B。 10. A. Luckily 现在有120个国家建立了国家公园保护动物，这是“幸运的事”，“Luckily（幸运地）”符合语境；“Unluckily（不幸地）”“Suddenly（突然）”“Especially（尤其）”均不符合，故选A。 Passage12 （模拟题，八年级水平）Communities play a crucial role in environmental protection. Their efforts are vital for 1______ the delicate balance of nature. Local initiatives such as tree - planting, community clean - up days, and wildlife conservation projects can have a significant 2______ on the local ecosystem. Supporting local farmers who use sustainable agricultural practices can encourage biodiversity and 3______ soil health. By organizing environmental awareness campaigns, communities can raise awareness about the importance of 4______ natural resources and inspire individuals to take action. Lastly, collaborating with local governments and environmental organizations can amplify the 5______ of conservation efforts. 1.（ ）A.disrupting B.maintaining C.creating D.changing 2.（ ）A.impact B.effect C.influence D.result 3.（ ）A.improves B.ignores C.harms D.protects 4.（ ）A.wasting B.polluting C.protecting D.destroying 5.（ ）A.cost B.effort C.result D.effectiveness 【参考答案】BAACD 【导语】主要讲社区在环保中的作用及行动。 1. B. maintaining 句意：社区的努力对“维持”自然界的微妙平衡至关重要。环保的核心是维持平衡，“maintaining（维持）”符合语境；“disrupting（破坏）”“creating（创造）”“changing（改变）”均不符合环保目的，故选B。 2. A. impact “have a significant impact on”是固定搭配，意为“对……有重大影响”，强调具体的、显著的影响，符合社区行动对生态系统的作用；“effect（效果，侧重结果）”“influence（影响，侧重潜移默化）”“result（结果）”均不适用此搭配，故选A。 3. A. improves 支持可持续农业会“改善”土壤健康，与“encourage biodiversity（促进生物多样性）”呼应，是积极影响；“ignores（忽视）”“harms（伤害）”“protects（保护，此处强调“改善”而非单纯保护）”均不符合，故选A。 4. C. protecting 环保宣传的是“保护”自然资源的重要性，“protecting”符合语境；“wasting（浪费）”“polluting（污染）”“destroying（破坏）”均与环保理念相悖，故选C。 5. D. effectiveness 与政府和环保组织合作能增强保护工作的“有效性”，“effectiveness（有效性）”符合逻辑；“cost（成本）”“effort（努力）”“result（结果）”均不侧重“效果增强”，故选D。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$