Unit 4 Humor 幽默（话题阅读精练）英语北师大版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 Humor幽默 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 幽默是人类沟通中极具魅力的元素，它以轻松、诙谐的方式化解尴尬、传递情感，甚至引发对生活的深度思考。本单元围绕 “幽默” 展开，旨在探索其多元形式（如笑话、讽刺、夸张等）、文化差异（不同文化对幽默的接受度与偏好）以及社会功能（缓解压力、建立人际关系、批判现实等）。 主题词汇积累 一、幽默的功能 break the ice：打破僵局 ease tension：缓解紧张 lighten the atmosphere：缓和气氛 add a touch of humor：增添一丝幽默 comic relief：喜剧性调剂 humor as a tool：幽默作为工具 bridge differences：弥合差异 soften criticism：缓和批评 二、幽默的效果 crack a smile：露出微笑 burst into laughter：突然大笑 roar with laughter：哄堂大笑 laugh out loud：大声笑出来 grin from ear to ear：笑得合不拢嘴 cheer up：（使）振作起来 put someone in a good mood：让某人心情变好 leave people amused：让人觉得好笑 时文拓展阅读 I’m going to ask you to stand up, turn to a stranger, and start tickling them. Some of you may feel scared, but many of you seem amused. This makes us ask: What makes things funny? Humor is common. People of all ages and cultures experience it daily. It affects our choices—like the movies we watch or the people we meet. It also helps us feel happy and deal with pain, stress, and hard times. A few years ago, I talked about moral violations. I said they cause anger or disgust. But when I gave an example—a church raffling off an H2 Hummer—people laughed. A smart audience member asked why. That made me want to find the answer. My colleague Caleb Warren and I created the Benign Violation Theory. It says humor happens only when three things are true: something violates a norm, it is harmless, and both are felt at the same time. A “violation” is anything that goes against how we think the world should be. For example, a TED speaker asking people to touch strangers breaks social norms. A “benign” violation is harmless. This is why non-religious people might laugh at the church Hummer story—they don’t care strongly about that norm. Purely harmless things aren’t funny. You can’t tickle yourself because there’s no real threat. Pure violations (harmful ones) aren’t funny either. A creepy person trying to tickle you isn’t funny at all. The theory explains physical humor too. Falling down stairs but not getting hurt is funny (benign violation). Falling and getting hurt is not (harmful violation). To live more humorously, pay attention to your audience. Everyone can have a good sense of humor in the right situation. 【译文欣赏】 我打算让你们站起来，转向一个陌生人，然后开始挠他们痒痒。你们中有些人可能会感到害怕，但很多人似乎觉得挺有意思。这就让我们产生了一个疑问：是什么让事物变得有趣呢？ 幽默很常见。各个年龄段、各种文化背景的人每天都会接触到幽默。它会影响我们的选择 —— 比如我们看的电影、我们认识的人。它还能让我们感到快乐，帮助我们应对痛苦、压力和困境。 几年前，我谈到过道德违背现象。我说道德违背会引发愤怒或厌恶。但当我举了一个例子 —— 一个教堂通过抽奖送出一辆悍马 H2 越野车时，人们却笑了。一位敏锐的听众问为什么会这样。这让我想要找到答案。 我和同事卡莱布・沃伦提出了 “良性违背理论”。该理论认为，只有同时满足三个条件时，幽默才会产生：某事违背了某种规范，这件事是无害的，而且人们能同时感受到这两点。 “违背” 指的是任何与我们认为世界应有的样子相悖的事情。比如，一位 TED 演讲者让人们去触碰陌生人，这就违背了社会规范。“良性违背” 则是无害的。这就是为什么不信教的人可能会觉得教堂抽奖送悍马这件事很好笑 —— 他们并不十分在意那个被违背的规范。 完全无害的事情并不好笑。你没法挠自己痒痒，就是因为这里面没有真正的威胁。纯粹的违背（我们称之为 “恶性违背”）也不好笑。所以，那个坐在你旁边、看起来很想挠你痒痒的讨厌家伙…… 这种情况一点都不好笑。 这个理论也能解释其他类型的肢体幽默。走下楼梯 —— 没有违背什么，不好笑。从楼梯上摔下来但没受伤 —— 这是良性违背，好笑。从楼梯上摔下来且受了重伤 —— 这是恶性违背，不好笑。除非这事发生在别人身上。 要想生活中多一些幽默，就要关注你的听众。在合适的情境下，每个人都能拥有良好的幽默感。 【词汇积累】 pervasive adj. 普遍存在的 benign adj. 无危害的；良性的 violation n. 违背（指打破常规或准则） cope with 应对；处理 psychological adj. 心理的 beg the question 引发问题 moral norms 道德准则 social norms 社会规范 【知识拓展】 本文是幽默研究者 Peter McGraw 的 TED 演讲节选，提出 “良性违背理论” 解释幽默的产生机制 —— 幽默仅在 “违背常规” 与 “无实质危害” 同时存在时产生，并举例说明纯良性或纯恶性的情况均不构成幽默，最后探讨该理论对生活中运用幽默的启示。 【词汇延伸】 linguistic norms 语言规范 congregation n. 会众（宗教团体成员） 高考真题链接 (2025·北京卷·阅读理解D篇) The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 1. What can be inferred about personal stories? A. They are unrelated to health. B. Consistent ones lead to stress. C. They are relevant to happiness. D. Thematic ones hold back change. 2. What can we learn from this passage? A. Talking about gains from failure is negative. B. New Year resolutions are well received. C. The West tends to overvalue optimism. D. Social roles fail to be highlighted. 3. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Clarify a goal. B. Analyse an event. C. Make a comparison. D. Illustrate an approach. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A How self-identity works. B. How story-tellers are made. C. How personal stories raise doubts. D. How timing affects personal identity. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系及如何改变个人故事。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. (拥有更一致故事的人往往有更强的身份认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、更有方向、更有目标感。这样的人总体上对生活的满意度也更高。)”可知，个人故事与幸福感相关。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. (她说，西方文化已经促使人们在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。)”可推知，西方倾向于过度重视乐观主义。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可推知，文章主要阐述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系，并举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作者主要是在阐述一种方法。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可推知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“How self-identity works. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合文意。故选A。 1． Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. 抓标志：连接词which、that 判类型：两个定语从句和一个宾语从句的复合句 试翻译：随后，在 20 世纪 80 年代，鲍勃・约翰逊提出了身份的人生故事模型。他认为，在人生历程中，这些核心特质与我们的记忆相结合，形成一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事理解自己的人生。 2． Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. 抓标志：连接词that、when 判类型：定语从句和非限制性定语从句 试翻译：我们的人生故事在青少年时期开始成形，在这一阶段，我们开始围绕关键事件或人生转折将生活分为不同章节，并在不同程度上将自己视为故事的主角和作者。 1　 since ancient times 自古以来 2　 life satisfaction 生活满意度 3　 stressful events 压力事件 4　 positive angle 积极的角度 5　 silver lining 困境中的一线希望 6　 turn over a new leaf 翻开新的一页；改过自新 7　 contrary to 与…… 相反 8　 to a varying extent 在不同程度上 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 323 主要讲述了2024年11月12 日，停更三年的李子柒携新视频回归，内容涉及漆器工艺等。视频发布后迅速成热门，粉丝热烈欢迎，足见其影响力。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 301 文章主要讲述了苏州刺绣艺术家姚建萍的刺绣生涯、技艺成就以及她如何通过刺绣传播中国文化。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 293 主要介绍食物与文化紧密相连，能反映社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 325 文章主要讲述了针对儿童的高糖麦片广告对家庭购买行为的影响及其长期健康危害，并讨论了相关政策效果与局限性。 Passage5 七选五 说明文 264 文章介绍了成年人对一些原本被认为是儿童玩具的物品着迷的现象。 Passage6 七选五 记叙文 255 文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。 Passage7 完形填空 夹叙夹议文 267 主要讲述电视故障后作者重拾阅读，领悟到困境可能是接纳美好事物契机的经历。 Passage 1 （2024-2015高一下·江苏南京·期末）After a three-year hiatus(间隙), famous Chinese video influencer Li Ziqi restarted posting online with two new videos on November 12, 2024. The videos were shared by her across social media platforms, including Douyin, Sina Weibo, and YouTube and quickly became the top trended topic online, with her Douyin uploads alone gaining over 2 million likes and nearly 200,000 comments in just two hours. One newly uploaded video showed how she turned a woodshed into a woodland cloakroom, and the other showed her craft using the intangible cultural heritage Chinese lacquerware (漆器)techniques. Five and a half hours after release, the video of the lacquerware has gained 100 million views on Sina Weibo, with a total of 1.6 million interactions, including shares, comments, and likes. Many netizens have flooded the comment area with messages of support and expressed how much they missed her content under her videos. “We’ve missed you so much and have been waiting for these three years. We hope you stay strong and keep moving forward,” a Weibo user wrote. Another fan on YouTube commented, “After years, your videos are back. I really missed your videos, you and your grandmother. Whenever I watch your videos, I feel relaxed,” echoing the affection of many of her followers. Li started posting short videos on Sina Weibo in 2016 featuring poetic portrayals(描写) of rural life, traditional cooking techniques, and cultural practices, such as making ink and clothing. In 2020, Li set a Guinness World Record for the most subscribers on a Chinese-language YouTube channel, with a total of 11.4 million followers at the time. Despite not updating her content since July 14, 2021, she has seen her followers increase and fans request new videos during her absence. In her latest Weibo post, she wrote a comment, “No time for a small essay today, I’ll catch up with everyone after I finish my busy schedule. Miss you!” 1. Which topic is mainly covered in Li Ziqi’s newly uploaded videos? A. Modern urban lifestyle changes and their impact. B. Traditional cooking techniques and cultural practices. C. Techniques for creating traditional lacquerware crafts. D. Exploring international cuisines from different cultures. 2. What can we learn from the reaction to her latest video shortly after posting? A. Her work is unfamiliar to many viewers. B. Her content is less appealing than before. C. The videos are short of creativity and innovation. D. Audiences have a strong emotional connection to her. 3. Which of the following is the least likely reason for Li Ziqi’s videos being popular? A. She has a sincere and positive attitude towards the audience and her fans. B. She is always learning carefully and paying much attention to traditional Chinese culture. C. She frequently updates the video content and always maintains interaction with the audience. D. Her videos have poetic descriptions about rural life traditional cooking techniques and cultural practices. 4. What is the main idea of the article regarding Li Ziqi’s return? A. She faced many challenges while trying to regain popularity. B. Despite a long hiatus, her audience eagerly welcomed her back. C Her previous absence greatly affected her fan engagement. D. She needs to improve her content quality to attract views. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了2024年11月12 日，停更三年的李子柒携新视频回归，内容涉及漆器工艺等。视频发布后迅速成热门，粉丝热烈欢迎，足见其影响力。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One newly - uploaded video showed how she turned a woodshed into a woodland cloakroom, and the other showed her craft using the intangible cultural heritage Chinese lacquerware (漆器) techniques.( 最近上传的一段视频展示了她如何将木棚变成林地衣帽间，另一段视频展示了她使用非物质文化遗产中国漆器技术的工艺。)” 可知，新上传的视频一个是关于把木棚改造成林地衣帽间，另一个是关于使用中国漆器工艺技术。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Many netizens have flooded the comment area with messages of support and expressed how much they missed her content under her videos.( 许多网友在评论区留言支持她，并表达了对她视频内容的怀念。)”以及粉丝在微博和 YouTube 上的评论，如 “We’ve missed you so much and have been waiting for these three years.( 我们非常想念你，已经等了三年了。)”和 After years, your videos are back. I really missed your videos, you and your grandmother.( 多年后，你的视频又回来了。我真的很想念你和你奶奶的视频。)” 可以看出，观众对她的回归反应热烈，表达了对她的思念和支持，说明观众和她有很强的情感联系。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite not updating her content since July 14, 2021(尽管自2021年7月14日以来她就没有更新过她的内容)”说明她在 2021 年 7 月 14 日之后就没有更新内容了，所以 C 选项“She frequently updates the video content and always maintains interaction with the audience.(她经常更新视频内容并始终与观众保持互动)”是最不可能的原因。故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“Despite not updating her content since July 14, 2021, she has seen her followers increase and fans request new videos during her absence. In her latest Weibo post, she wrote a comment, “No time for a small essay today, I’ll catch up with everyone after I finish my busy schedule. Miss you!”(尽管自2021年7月14日以来她就没有更新过她的内容，但她的粉丝却在增加，粉丝们在她离开期间要求新的视频。在她最新的微博中，她写道：“今天没时间写小文章了，等我忙完之后我会赶上大家的。想念你!”)”可知，文章主要讲述了李子柒在三年断更后发布新视频，视频在各大平台迅速成为热门话题，网友们纷纷表达对她的支持和想念。文章重点强调尽管有三年的间隙，观众还是热切欢迎她的回归。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2025-2026 高二上·河北衡水·月考）Ever since she was a young girl, Yao Jianping, a well-known artist from Suzhou, East China’s Jiangsu Province, has been creating Suzhou Embroidery (刺绣), one of the oldest embroidery techniques in the world and the most representative type of Chinese embroidery. Born to a Suzhou Embroidery family, Yao has a pair of skillful hands. She began to learn embroidery from her mother when she was 7 or 8 years old. By the age of 17, she focused solely on improving her skills at Suzhou Embroidery. It takes a moment to discover beauty, but it takes a long time to create beauty. After years of studying, she finally transformed her art from the level of “looking lifelike” to “being alive”. All she needs are a needle and a few silk threads. Then with her magical hands, anything can happen. Her traditional techniques and innovative skills have won her the title “Master of Folk Arts and Crafts” from UNESCO. With a simple needle moving up and down on a piece of cloth, a delicate flower begins to take shape under her hands. Watching Yao Jianping doing embroidery is just like watching a ballet performance of fingers. It is both elegant and skillful. Yao uses this millennia-old art to depict (描绘) the age of today. She not only produced a series of works representing the highest level of contemporary Suzhou Embroidery but also managed to get the fine art to reach more ordinary people. Yao has launched new products with Suzhou Embroidery elements, including Chinese qipao dresses. She has become better known around the world in the past few years, since her works began being presented as national gifts to world leaders. In 2015, British Queen Elizabeth II received a fine piece of Suzhou Embroidery as a gift. 1. How did Yao improve her skills? A. By discovering beauty in life. B. By years of constant studying. C. By seeking help from her mother. D. By changing the traditional techniuqes. 2. Why does the writer mention ballet performance in paragraph 3? A. To present Yao’s excellent embroidering skills. B. To explain why embroidery works are so fascinating. C. To introduce how Yao is inspired by other forms of arts. D. To demonstrate the similarity between dancing and embroidering. 3. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. There are few traditional elements in Yao’s works. B. It’s difficult for average people to learn about fine arts. C. Yao tries to spread Chinese culture through embroidery. D. No one can make better Suzhou Embroidery works than Yao. 4. Which of the following can best describe Yao Jianping? A. Caring and easy-going. B. Selfless and open-minded. C. Generous and strong-willed. D. Creative and hard-working. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了苏州刺绣艺术家姚建萍的刺绣生涯、技艺成就以及她如何通过刺绣传播中国文化。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“After years of studying, she finally transformed her art from the level of “looking lifelike” to “being alive”. (经过多年的学习，她终于将自己的艺术从“看起来栩栩如生”的水平转变为“活灵活现”。)”可知，姚建萍通过多年不断的学习提升了技艺。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。第二段中“Watching Yao Jianping doing embroidery is just like watching a ballet performance of fingers. It is both elegant and skillful. (看姚建萍刺绣，就像看一场手指的芭蕾表演，既优雅又娴熟。)”可知，将刺绣比作芭蕾，是为了展现她精湛的刺绣技巧。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。第三段中“She not only produced a series of works representing the highest level of contemporary Suzhou Embroidery but also managed to get the fine art to reach more ordinary people. Yao has launched new products with Suzhou Embroidery elements, including Chinese qipao dresses. (她不仅创作了一系列代表当代苏州刺绣最高水平的作品，还成功让这门精美的艺术走进了更多普通人的生活。姚建萍推出了带有苏州刺绣元素的新产品，其中包括中式旗袍。)”可知，姚建萍通过苏绣传播中国文化。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“After years of studying, she finally transformed her art from the level of “looking lifelike” to “being alive”. (经过多年的学习，她终于将自己的艺术从“看起来栩栩如生”的水平转变为“活灵活现”。)”可知，她很勤奋，第四段中“Yao has launched new products with Suzhou Embroidery elements, including Chinese qipao dresses. (姚推出了带有苏州刺绣元素的新产品，其中包括中式旗袍。)”可知，她富有创造力。故选D。 Passage 3 （2025-2026 高二上·河北衡水·月考）Food is not just a means of satisfying hunger; it is deeply intertwined with culture. It reflects the history, traditions, values, and social structures of a society. For example, in many Asian cultures, rice is a staple food that has been cultivated for thousands of years. The way rice is grown, prepared, and served is an integral part of the culture. In Japan, the art of making sushi, which uses rice as a base, is highly regarded. Sushi-making involves precise techniques and an understanding of the quality of ingredients. It is not only a culinary skill but also a cultural expression that reflects the Japanese values of precision, harmony, and respect for nature. In Western cultures, bread holds a significant place. In France, the baguette is more than just a type of bread; it is a symbol of French culture. The process of making a baguette requires patience and skill, from kneading the dough to baking it to a perfect golden-brown crust. French people often enjoy baguettes with cheese, butter, or cold cuts, and it is a common sight to see them walking down the street with a freshly baked baguette under their arm. This simple yet iconic food represents the French love for good food, their appreciation for the artisanal, and their relaxed lifestyle. Food also plays a crucial role in cultural celebrations. In the United States, Thanksgiving is a major holiday centered around a large meal. The traditional Thanksgiving dinner includes turkey, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie. These foods are not only delicious but also have historical and cultural significance. Turkey, for example, was one of the foods served at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621, symbolizing the harvest and the cooperation between the Pilgrims and the Native Americans. 1. What does the example of sushi-making in Japan show? A. The importance of rice in Asian diets. B. The high-level culinary skills in Japan. C. The reflection of Japanese culture in food. D. The popularity of sushi in Japan. 2. Why is the baguette important in French culture? A. It is the most popular food in France. B. It represents French cultural values. C. It is easy to make and widely available. D. It is often served with other delicious foods. 3. What can we learn about Thanksgiving food in the United States? A. It has no special cultural meaning. B. It is mainly about enjoying delicious food. C. It symbolizes historical events and cooperation. D. It has changed a lot over the years. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The variety of staple foods in different cultures. B. The role of food in cultural celebrations. C. The importance of food in different countries. D. The deep connection between food and culture. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍食物与文化紧密相连，能反映社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Japan, the art of making sushi, which uses rice as a base, is highly regarded. Sushi-making involves precise techniques and an understanding of the quality of ingredients. It is not only a culinary skill but also a cultural expression that reflects the Japanese values of precision, harmony, and respect for nature.(在日本，以米饭为基础的寿司制作艺术备受推崇。寿司制作涉及精确的技巧和对食材质量的了解。它不仅是一种烹饪技巧，也是一种文化表达，反映了日本人对精确、和谐和尊重自然的价值观。)”可知，日本寿司制作的例子表明食物中反映了日本文化。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In France, the baguette is more than just a type of bread; it is a symbol of French culture. (在法国，法棍面包不仅仅是一种面包，它是法国文化的象征。)”以及“This simple yet iconic food represents the French love for good food, their appreciation for the artisanal, and their relaxed lifestyle.(这种简单而标志性的食物代表了法国人对美食的热爱，对手工艺的欣赏，以及他们轻松的生活方式。)”可知，法棍面包在法国文化中很重要是因为它代表了法国的文化价值观。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“These foods are not only delicious but also have historical and cultural significance. Turkey, for example, was one of the foods served at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621, symbolizing the harvest and the cooperation between the Pilgrims and the Native Americans.(这些食物不仅美味，而且具有历史和文化意义。例如，火鸡是1621年第一次感恩节盛宴上供应的食物之一，象征着收获和清教徒与美洲原住民之间的合作。)”可知，美国的感恩节食物象征着历史事件和合作。故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Food is not just a means of satisfying hunger; it is deeply intertwined with culture. It reflects the history, traditions, values, and social structures of a society.(食物不仅仅是满足饥饿的一种手段，它与文化深深交织在一起。它反映了一个社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。)”可知，这篇文章的主要思想是食物和文化之间的深层联系。故选D项。 Passage 4 （2024-2025 高一下·江苏锡山·期末）One of the top sources of added sugar in children’s diets in America is in their breakfast cereal (麦片). A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine shows that advertising drives sales of high-sugar cereals when it’s aimed directly at kids under 12-but not when it targets adults. In the study, researchers looked at all cereals purchased by 77,000 U.S. households over a nine-year period, between 2008 and 2017. They also looked at Nielsen ratings data, which closely monitored all the ads that people in a household saw-both children and adults. What they found was a strong relationship between how much advertising was targeted to kids and how much sugary cereal that households with children bought. By contrast, there was no link to increased purchases when ads targeted adults. And these extensive data also showed that behaviors that were learned in childhood could track into adulthood, which could lead to poor health outcomes over a lifetime. The study is the first to directly compare the influence of food advertising exposure by children with that of adults. The findings offer novel evidence of how food marketing turns children into the “ultimate weapon” in influencing family spending because they consistently ask their parents to purchase a concept known as “pester power”. The food industry launched the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative, a voluntary effort to police itself. The 21 participating food companies made a commitment to cut back on marketing unhealthy foods to children under 12 — later revised to under 13. A new study conducted in 2024 showed that children’s exposure to cereal ads on TV programming aimed at kids has dropped dramatically. But Lindsey Smith Taillie, a food policy researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says these voluntary efforts aren’t making a difference. Advertisements, like kids’ eyeballs, are moving online, making it even harder to know what marketing children are being exposed to, Taillie notes. 1. What did the study find about child-targeted food ads? A. They had no connection with adults’ purchases. B. They were less effective than adult-targeted ads. C. They might affect children’s health in the long run. D. They could reduce children’s interest in sugary food. 2. What does the underlined phrase “pester power” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Parents’ unconditional love. B. Children’s uncontrolled spending. C. Parents’ growing consumption. D. Children’s repeated purchase requests. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. An expectation for further study. B. The follow-up influence of the study. C. A limitation of the research method. D. The potential application of the findings. 4. What is Tallie’s attitude toward the voluntary efforts? A. Favorable. B. Tolerant. C. Disapproving. D. Reserved. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了针对儿童的高糖麦片广告对家庭购买行为的影响及其长期健康危害，并讨论了相关政策效果与局限性。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“What they found was a strong relationship between how much advertising was targeted to kids and how much sugary cereal that households with children bought. By contrast, there was no link to increased purchases when ads targeted adults. And these extensive data also showed that behaviors that were learned in childhood could track into adulthood, which could lead to poor health outcomes over a lifetime. (他们发现，针对儿童的广告投放量与有孩子的家庭购买的高糖麦片的数量之间存在着紧密的联系。相比之下，当广告以成年人为目标群体时，广告投放量与家庭购买量的增加没有关联。而且这些广泛的数据还表明，童年时期养成的行为习惯会延续到成年，这可能会在一生中导致不良的健康后果)”可知，研究发现针对儿童的食品广告可能会影响儿童的长期健康。故选C。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句“The findings offer novel evidence of how food marketing turns children into the “ultimate weapon” in influencing family spending because they consistently ask their parents to purchase a concept known as “pester power”. (这些研究结果为食品营销如何将儿童变成影响家庭消费的“终极武器”提供了新的证据，因为孩子们会不断要求父母购买，这就是所谓的pester power)”可知，研究发现食品营销如何将儿童变成影响家庭消费的“终极武器”，因为孩子们不断地要求父母购买，即画线短语“pester power”指的是孩子们反复的购买请求。故选D。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The food industry launched the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative, a voluntary effort to police itself. The 21 participating food companies made a commitment to cut back on marketing unhealthy foods to children under 12 — later revised to under 13. A new study conducted in 2024 showed that children’s exposure to cereal ads on TV programming aimed at kids has dropped dramatically. (食品行业发起了“儿童食品和饮料广告倡议”，这是一项自愿的自我监管努力。21家参与的食品公司承诺减少向12岁以下儿童推销不健康食品，后来这一年龄限制被修改为13岁以下。2024年进行的一项新研究表明，儿童接触针对儿童的电视节目中的麦片广告大幅减少)”可知，第四段主要讲了研究的后续影响。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Lindsey Smith Taillie, a food policy researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says these voluntary efforts aren’t making a difference. Advertisements, like kids’ eyeballs, are moving online, making it even harder to know what marketing children are being exposed to, Taillie notes. (但北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的食品政策研究员Lindsey Smith Taillie表示，这些自愿的努力并没有起到什么作用。Taillie指出，广告就像孩子们的眼睛一样，正在向网络转移，这使得人们更难知道孩子们接触到了什么样的营销)”可推知，Tallie对自愿的努力持不赞成态度。故选C。 Passage5 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （2024-2025 高一下·江苏锡山·期末）Many adults are proud to share their fascinations with what others would label as kids’ toys. Mini Brand mystery packs or other blind boxes have become a phenomenon as collectibles for some adults. ____1____ For others, Legos are on their wishlist encouraged by the brand’s growing number of grown-up sets. ____2____ Seeking and sparking child-like joy may be part of the appeal, said behavioral therapist Maddy Ellberger. “When something reminds us of a positive memory, we are likely to engage with it because the association relives memories.” ____3____ Clothing brands are also cashing in on nostalgia (怀旧情怀) from Crocs creating a Lizzie McGure clog to Lululemon’s Disney collection making a full comeback that includes adults. Barbie isn’t just for kids’ clothes now either, thanks to the recent film and “Barbie-core” fashion trend. In addition to the trendy appeal, the new-found love for these items also speaks to a desire for connection in an increasingly divided world. But whether that desire for connection is satisfied depends on if you can translate the excitement into real, in-person connection. ____4____ But having or wearing the same thing is not the actual steps of forming shared identity. “And I feel like it’s not one that’s going to last,” Ellberger said. Ellberger has a great idea for this. “You are into a certain trend, like toys. There’s a good chance you’ll find others who are into the same trend. ____5____ If it was part of a person’s screen saver, Santa or white elephant, that’s a really cute way of connecting over this,” she said. A. The craze goes beyond toys. B. So, what’s with the fascination? C. It’s a great way to form community. D. Then give these toys to them as holiday gifts. E. Social media fuels the trend by creating shared experiences. F. Even stuffed animals are making their way into adults’ collections. G. Childhood favorites have instead become relevant to adults again. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成年人对一些原本被认为是儿童玩具的物品着迷的现象。 【1题详解】 上文“Mini Brand mystery packs or other blind boxes have become a phenomenon as collectibles for some adults.(迷你品牌神秘包或其他盲盒已经成为一些成年人收藏的热门物品)”列举了成年人收藏的物品，F选项“Even stuffed animals are making their way into adults’ collections.(甚至毛绒玩具也进入了成年人的收藏行列)”进一步补充了成年人收藏的物品，与上文在内容上构成并列关系，共同说明成年人收藏儿童玩具的现象。故选F项。 【2题详解】 下文“Seeking and sparking child like joy may be part of the appeal, said behavioral therapist Maddy Ellberger. ‘When something reminds us of a positive memory, we are likely to engage with it because the association relives memories.’(行为治疗师玛迪·埃尔伯格说，寻求和激发孩子般的快乐可能是这种吸引力的一部分。‘当某件事让我们想起一段美好的回忆时，我们很可能会参与其中，因为这种联想会让我们重温回忆。’)”解释了成年人对这些物品着迷的原因，B选项“So, what’s with the fascination?(那么，这种着迷是怎么回事呢？)”提出问题，引出下文对原因的解释，上下文逻辑连贯。故选B项。 【3题详解】 下文“Clothing brands are also cashing in on nostalgia (怀旧情怀) from Crocs creating a Lizzie McGure clog to Lululemon’s Disney collection making a full comeback that includes adults. Barbie isn’t just for kids’ clothes now either, thanks to the recent film and ‘Barbie core’ fashion trend.(服装品牌也在利用怀旧情怀获利，从卡骆驰推出莉齐·麦圭尔木屐，到露露乐蒙的迪士尼系列全面回归，其中也包括面向成年人的产品。由于最近的电影和‘芭比核心’时尚潮流，芭比也不再只是儿童服装的代名词了)”说明这种现象不仅局限于玩具，还涉及到服装等领域，A选项“The craze goes beyond toys.(这种热潮不仅仅局限于玩具)”能够概括下文内容，起到承上启下的作用。故选A项。 【4题详解】 上文“the new found love for these items also speaks to a desire for connection in an increasingly divided world. But whether that desire for connection is satisfied depends on if you can translate the excitement into real, in person connection.(对这些物品新产生的喜爱也反映了在一个日益分裂的世界里人们对建立联系的渴望。但这种建立联系的渴望是否能得到满足，取决于你是否能将这种兴奋转化为真实的、面对面的联系)”提到人们对建立联系的渴望，C选项“It’s a great way to form community.(这是形成社区的好方法)”说明拥有相同物品是一种建立联系、形成社区的方式，与上文关于建立联系的话题相呼应。故选C项。 5题详解】 上文“You are into a certain trend, like toys. There’s a good chance you’ll find others who are into the same trend. (你对某种趋势感兴趣，比如玩具。你很有可能会找到其他也热衷于同一潮流的人)”说明能找到有相同兴趣的人，D选项“Then give these toys to them as holiday gifts.(然后把这些玩具作为节日礼物送给他们)”承接上文，给出了一个具体的行动建议，即把玩具作为礼物送给这些有共同兴趣的人，通过这种方式与他人建立联系，符合语境。故选D。 Passage6 An Unsung Hero （2025全国高考一卷）Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. _____1_____ Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. _____2_____ As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. _____3_____ “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. _____4_____ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. _____5_____ She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 【答案】1. E 2. D 3. C 4. F 5. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。 【1题详解】 根据上文“Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. (课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。)”可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. (这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。)”通过“Not only...also...”结构，既承接“drinks”，又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境。故选E项。 【2题详解】 根据上文“She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. (她在机器之间来回制作饮品。)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. (当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说：“你好，今天过得怎么样？”即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流。)”可推知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D选项“After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. (完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。)”中的“finishing an order”衔接“make the drinks”，“calls out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作—叫号—交付”的完整流程。故选D项。 【3题详解】 根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. (墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班。)”及下文“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. (我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡。)”可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C选项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. (有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性，“serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”，展现其敬业精神。故选C项。 【4题详解】 根据上文“Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. (乔安娜・赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天。)”及下文““Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. (赖特说“凯瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。”)”可推知，设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F选项“Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. (去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备。)”中的“starts her day off good”解释了“每周去六天”的动机，且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系。故选F项。 【5题详解】 根据下文“She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. (她完全打算留下来，继续做自己喜欢的事。)”可推知，设空处需体现她对工作的长期投入。G选项“She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. (她已经在这里服务了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作。)”中的“17 years”凸显服务年限之长，“can’t imagine working anywhere else”强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与“staying”形成直接呼应。故选G项。 Passage7 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （2024-2025 高一下·江苏锡山·期末）The slow death of our television began with an alert (警报) flashing across the screen: This function is not ____1____ now. I tried cleaning the remote control, unplugging the TV — nothing ____2____ . I spent hours online researching our 12-year-old model and ____3____ that the motherboard (主板) was on its way out. Motherboard. The word held ____4____. I heard it as two words: mother bored. With my son away at college, my role as a mom had taken a big ____5____. I was still adjusting to the change. I was stressed, and frankly, a little bored. I prayed the TV would mysteriously fix itself. ____6____, the alerts came more frequently. Upset, I decided to ____7____ with a book. I ____8____ my bookcase and found a novel that I had been given as a gift and never read. The first few nights, restless thoughts ____9____ me. I fought the _____10_____ to pick up my phone and research new TVs or check social media. Once I got lost in the story, everything changed. A new level of relaxation opened, and a deep sense of _____11_____ spread through my day and night. We moved our broken TV out of the living room and have yet to _____12_____ it. Now, thinking about that stubborn alert, I feel _____13_____. What I saw as a problem was really a(n) _____14_____ to make space for something better. I suppose blessings sometimes find their way into our lives disguised (伪装) as problems, and the answer isn’t getting something new but _____15_____ gifts we already have. 1. A. available B. awesome C. admirable D. appealing 2. A. lasted B. mattered C. worked D. remained 3. A. recalled B. maintained C. preferred D. concluded 4. A. logic B. pressure C. memory D. significance 5. A. chance B. turn C. break D. load 6. A. Finally B. Instead C. Therefore D. Otherwise 7. A. settle down B. break down C. check in D. step in 8. A. organized B. dusted C. searched D. packed 9. A. disturbed B. comforted C. examined D. inspired 10. A. routine B. ability C. urge D. request 11. A. belonging B. anxiety C. responsibility D. peace 12. A. produce B. replace C. finance D. distribute 13. A. grateful B. confused C. shocked D. pessimistic 14. A. invitation B. description C. competition D. declaration 15. A. creating B. purchasing C. rediscovering D. returning 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述电视故障后作者重拾阅读，领悟到困境可能是接纳美好事物契机的经历。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们家电视的“慢性死亡”始于屏幕上闪烁的一条警报：此功能当前不可用。A. available可用的；B. awesome极好的；C. admirable令人钦佩的；D. appealing有吸引力的。根据上文的“The slow death of our television began with an alert (警报) flashing across the screen”及后文电视故障可知，此处指的是功能“不可用”符合语境。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我尝试清洁遥控器、拔掉电视插头——都没用。A. lasted持续；B. mattered重要；C. worked起作用；D. remained保留。根据上文的“I tried cleaning the remote control, unplugging the TV”以及“nothing”可知，尝试的方法都不“起作用”符合句意。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了几个小时在网上研究我们那台用了12年的型号，得出结论是主板坏了。A. recalled回忆；B. maintained维持；C. preferred偏爱；D. concluded得出结论。根据上文的“I spent hours online researching our 12-year-old model”可知，作者花了几个小时在网上研究用了12年的电视，结合下文的 “the motherboard (主板) was on its way out.”可知，此处指的是研究后“得出结论”主板故障。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个词有特殊含义。A. logic逻辑；B. pressure压力；C. memory记忆；D. significance意义。根据后文“I heard it as two words: mother bored.”可知，作者将“motherboard”拆解为“mother bored”并联系自身状态可知，这个词对作者有特殊“意义”符合语境。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿子去上大学后，我作为母亲的角色发生了重大转变。A. chance机会；B. turn转变；C. break休息；D. load负担。根据上文的“With my son away at college”可知，儿子离家后作者的母亲角色有了大“转变”，take a turn意为“发生转变”。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，警报来得更频繁了。A. Finally最终；B. Instead相反；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文的“I prayed the TV would mysteriously fix itself.”以及下文的“the alerts came more frequently”可知，现实与祈祷“相反”符合逻辑。故选B项。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：心烦意乱中，我决定静下心来读本书。A. settle down安定下来；B. break down崩溃；C. check in登记；D. step in介入。根据语境和上文的“Upset”以及下文的“with a book”可知，电视警报频繁出现让作者心烦意乱，由此可知推断，此处指的是作者决定“静下心来”读书，符合语境。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我搜索书架，发现了一本别人送的礼物书，一直没读过。A. organized组织；B. dusted除尘；C. searched搜索；D. packed打包。根据下文的“and found a novel that I had been given as a gift and never read.”可知，作者在书架上找到一本别人送的礼物，由此可知推断，此处指的是作者“搜索”书架，找到这本书，符合语境。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最初的几个晚上，不安的思绪困扰着我。A. disturbed打扰；B. comforted安慰；C. examined检查；D. inspired启发。根据下文的“I fought the ____10____ to pick up my phone and research new TVs or check social media.”可知，作者在于与拿起手机和研究新电视或者查看社交媒体进行斗争，由此可推断，此处指的是作者的思绪“打扰”着作者，符合语境。故选A项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我克制住拿起手机研究新电视或查看社交媒体的冲动。A. routine惯例；B. ability能力；C. urge冲动；D. request请求。根据上文的“fought”以及下文的“to pick up my phone and research new TVs or check social media.”可知，拿起手机研究新电视或查看社交媒体是一种“冲动”符合语境。故选C项。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种新的放松层次打开了，一种深深的平静感弥漫在我的日日夜夜。A. belonging归属感；B. anxiety焦虑；C. responsibility责任；D. peace平静。根据上文的“A new level of relaxation opened”可知，读书带来了“平静”符合语境。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们把坏了的电视搬出客厅，还没来得及更换。A. produce生产；B. replace更换；C. finance资助；D. distribute分配。根据上文的“We moved our broken TV out of the living room”以及yet可知，此处指的是电视搬出客厅，然而尚未“更换”新电视，符合语境。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，想起那个顽固的警报，我心怀感激。A. grateful感激的；B. confused困惑的；C. shocked震惊的；D. pessimistic悲观的。根据语境和下文的“What I saw as a problem was really a(n) ____14____ to make space for something better”可知，作者对警报带来的改变感到“感激”。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我眼中的问题其实是一个为更好的事物腾出空间的契机。A. invitation契机，鼓励，邀请；B. description描述；C. competition竞争；D. declaration声明。根据下文的“make space for something better”可知，作者认为不更换电视为更好的事物腾出空间，由此可知，在作者看来，问题是一种“契机”符合语境。故选A项。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想，祝福有时会伪装成问题进入我们的生活，而答案不是获取新东西，而是重新发现我们早已拥有的馈赠。A. creating创造；B. purchasing购买；C. rediscovering重新发现；D. returning返回。根据上文的“and the answer isn’t getting something new”以及下文的“gifts we already have”可知，答案不是获取新东西，而是要“重新发现”已有的美好。故选C项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Humor幽默 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 幽默是人类沟通中极具魅力的元素，它以轻松、诙谐的方式化解尴尬、传递情感，甚至引发对生活的深度思考。本单元围绕 “幽默” 展开，旨在探索其多元形式（如笑话、讽刺、夸张等）、文化差异（不同文化对幽默的接受度与偏好）以及社会功能（缓解压力、建立人际关系、批判现实等）。 主题词汇积累 一、幽默的功能 break the ice：打破僵局 ease tension：缓解紧张 lighten the atmosphere：缓和气氛 add a touch of humor：增添一丝幽默 comic relief：喜剧性调剂 humor as a tool：幽默作为工具 bridge differences：弥合差异 soften criticism：缓和批评 二、幽默的效果 crack a smile：露出微笑 burst into laughter：突然大笑 roar with laughter：哄堂大笑 laugh out loud：大声笑出来 grin from ear to ear：笑得合不拢嘴 cheer up：（使）振作起来 put someone in a good mood：让某人心情变好 leave people amused：让人觉得好笑 时文拓展阅读 I’m going to ask you to stand up, turn to a stranger, and start tickling them. Some of you may feel scared, but many of you seem amused. This makes us ask: What makes things funny? Humor is common. People of all ages and cultures experience it daily. It affects our choices—like the movies we watch or the people we meet. It also helps us feel happy and deal with pain, stress, and hard times. A few years ago, I talked about moral violations. I said they cause anger or disgust. But when I gave an example—a church raffling off an H2 Hummer—people laughed. A smart audience member asked why. That made me want to find the answer. My colleague Caleb Warren and I created the Benign Violation Theory. It says humor happens only when three things are true: something violates a norm, it is harmless, and both are felt at the same time. A “violation” is anything that goes against how we think the world should be. For example, a TED speaker asking people to touch strangers breaks social norms. A “benign” violation is harmless. This is why non-religious people might laugh at the church Hummer story—they don’t care strongly about that norm. Purely harmless things aren’t funny. You can’t tickle yourself because there’s no real threat. Pure violations (harmful ones) aren’t funny either. A creepy person trying to tickle you isn’t funny at all. The theory explains physical humor too. Falling down stairs but not getting hurt is funny (benign violation). Falling and getting hurt is not (harmful violation). To live more humorously, pay attention to your audience. Everyone can have a good sense of humor in the right situation. 【译文欣赏】 我打算让你们站起来，转向一个陌生人，然后开始挠他们痒痒。你们中有些人可能会感到害怕，但很多人似乎觉得挺有意思。这就让我们产生了一个疑问：是什么让事物变得有趣呢？ 幽默很常见。各个年龄段、各种文化背景的人每天都会接触到幽默。它会影响我们的选择 —— 比如我们看的电影、我们认识的人。它还能让我们感到快乐，帮助我们应对痛苦、压力和困境。 几年前，我谈到过道德违背现象。我说道德违背会引发愤怒或厌恶。但当我举了一个例子 —— 一个教堂通过抽奖送出一辆悍马 H2 越野车时，人们却笑了。一位敏锐的听众问为什么会这样。这让我想要找到答案。 我和同事卡莱布・沃伦提出了 “良性违背理论”。该理论认为，只有同时满足三个条件时，幽默才会产生：某事违背了某种规范，这件事是无害的，而且人们能同时感受到这两点。 “违背” 指的是任何与我们认为世界应有的样子相悖的事情。比如，一位 TED 演讲者让人们去触碰陌生人，这就违背了社会规范。“良性违背” 则是无害的。这就是为什么不信教的人可能会觉得教堂抽奖送悍马这件事很好笑 —— 他们并不十分在意那个被违背的规范。 完全无害的事情并不好笑。你没法挠自己痒痒，就是因为这里面没有真正的威胁。纯粹的违背（我们称之为 “恶性违背”）也不好笑。所以，那个坐在你旁边、看起来很想挠你痒痒的讨厌家伙…… 这种情况一点都不好笑。 这个理论也能解释其他类型的肢体幽默。走下楼梯 —— 没有违背什么，不好笑。从楼梯上摔下来但没受伤 —— 这是良性违背，好笑。从楼梯上摔下来且受了重伤 —— 这是恶性违背，不好笑。除非这事发生在别人身上。 要想生活中多一些幽默，就要关注你的听众。在合适的情境下，每个人都能拥有良好的幽默感。 【词汇积累】 pervasive adj. 普遍存在的 benign adj. 无危害的；良性的 violation n. 违背（指打破常规或准则） cope with 应对；处理 psychological adj. 心理的 beg the question 引发问题 moral norms 道德准则 social norms 社会规范 【知识拓展】 本文是幽默研究者 Peter McGraw 的 TED 演讲节选，提出 “良性违背理论” 解释幽默的产生机制 —— 幽默仅在 “违背常规” 与 “无实质危害” 同时存在时产生，并举例说明纯良性或纯恶性的情况均不构成幽默，最后探讨该理论对生活中运用幽默的启示。 【词汇延伸】 linguistic norms 语言规范 congregation n. 会众（宗教团体成员） 高考真题链接 (2025·北京卷·阅读理解D篇) The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 1. What can be inferred about personal stories? A. They are unrelated to health. B. Consistent ones lead to stress. C. They are relevant to happiness. D. Thematic ones hold back change. 2. What can we learn from this passage? A. Talking about gains from failure is negative. B. New Year resolutions are well received. C. The West tends to overvalue optimism. D. Social roles fail to be highlighted. 3. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Clarify a goal. B. Analyse an event. C. Make a comparison. D. Illustrate an approach. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A How self-identity works. B. How story-tellers are made. C. How personal stories raise doubts. D. How timing affects personal identity. 1． Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. 抓标志：连接词which、that 判类型：两个定语从句和一个宾语从句的复合句 试翻译：随后，在 20 世纪 80 年代，鲍勃・约翰逊提出了身份的人生故事模型。他认为，在人生历程中，这些核心特质与我们的记忆相结合，形成一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事理解自己的人生。 2． Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. 抓标志：连接词that、when 判类型：定语从句和非限制性定语从句 试翻译：我们的人生故事在青少年时期开始成形，在这一阶段，我们开始围绕关键事件或人生转折将生活分为不同章节，并在不同程度上将自己视为故事的主角和作者。 1　 since ancient times 自古以来 2　 life satisfaction 生活满意度 3　 stressful events 压力事件 4　 positive angle 积极的角度 5　 silver lining 困境中的一线希望 6　 turn over a new leaf 翻开新的一页；改过自新 7　 contrary to 与…… 相反 8　 to a varying extent 在不同程度上 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 323 主要讲述了2024年11月12 日，停更三年的李子柒携新视频回归，内容涉及漆器工艺等。视频发布后迅速成热门，粉丝热烈欢迎，足见其影响力。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 301 文章主要讲述了苏州刺绣艺术家姚建萍的刺绣生涯、技艺成就以及她如何通过刺绣传播中国文化。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 293 主要介绍食物与文化紧密相连，能反映社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 325 文章主要讲述了针对儿童的高糖麦片广告对家庭购买行为的影响及其长期健康危害，并讨论了相关政策效果与局限性。 Passage5 七选五 说明文 264 文章介绍了成年人对一些原本被认为是儿童玩具的物品着迷的现象。 Passage6 七选五 记叙文 255 文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。 Passage7 完形填空 夹叙夹议文 267 主要讲述电视故障后作者重拾阅读，领悟到困境可能是接纳美好事物契机的经历。 Passage 1 （2024-2015高一下·江苏南京·期末）After a three-year hiatus(间隙), famous Chinese video influencer Li Ziqi restarted posting online with two new videos on November 12, 2024. The videos were shared by her across social media platforms, including Douyin, Sina Weibo, and YouTube and quickly became the top trended topic online, with her Douyin uploads alone gaining over 2 million likes and nearly 200,000 comments in just two hours. One newly uploaded video showed how she turned a woodshed into a woodland cloakroom, and the other showed her craft using the intangible cultural heritage Chinese lacquerware (漆器)techniques. Five and a half hours after release, the video of the lacquerware has gained 100 million views on Sina Weibo, with a total of 1.6 million interactions, including shares, comments, and likes. Many netizens have flooded the comment area with messages of support and expressed how much they missed her content under her videos. “We’ve missed you so much and have been waiting for these three years. We hope you stay strong and keep moving forward,” a Weibo user wrote. Another fan on YouTube commented, “After years, your videos are back. I really missed your videos, you and your grandmother. Whenever I watch your videos, I feel relaxed,” echoing the affection of many of her followers. Li started posting short videos on Sina Weibo in 2016 featuring poetic portrayals(描写) of rural life, traditional cooking techniques, and cultural practices, such as making ink and clothing. In 2020, Li set a Guinness World Record for the most subscribers on a Chinese-language YouTube channel, with a total of 11.4 million followers at the time. Despite not updating her content since July 14, 2021, she has seen her followers increase and fans request new videos during her absence. In her latest Weibo post, she wrote a comment, “No time for a small essay today, I’ll catch up with everyone after I finish my busy schedule. Miss you!” 1. Which topic is mainly covered in Li Ziqi’s newly uploaded videos? A. Modern urban lifestyle changes and their impact. B. Traditional cooking techniques and cultural practices. C. Techniques for creating traditional lacquerware crafts. D. Exploring international cuisines from different cultures. 2. What can we learn from the reaction to her latest video shortly after posting? A. Her work is unfamiliar to many viewers. B. Her content is less appealing than before. C. The videos are short of creativity and innovation. D. Audiences have a strong emotional connection to her. 3. Which of the following is the least likely reason for Li Ziqi’s videos being popular? A. She has a sincere and positive attitude towards the audience and her fans. B. She is always learning carefully and paying much attention to traditional Chinese culture. C. She frequently updates the video content and always maintains interaction with the audience. D. Her videos have poetic descriptions about rural life traditional cooking techniques and cultural practices. 4. What is the main idea of the article regarding Li Ziqi’s return? A. She faced many challenges while trying to regain popularity. B. Despite a long hiatus, her audience eagerly welcomed her back. C Her previous absence greatly affected her fan engagement. D. She needs to improve her content quality to attract views. Passage 2 （2025-2026 高二上·河北衡水·月考）Ever since she was a young girl, Yao Jianping, a well-known artist from Suzhou, East China’s Jiangsu Province, has been creating Suzhou Embroidery (刺绣), one of the oldest embroidery techniques in the world and the most representative type of Chinese embroidery. Born to a Suzhou Embroidery family, Yao has a pair of skillful hands. She began to learn embroidery from her mother when she was 7 or 8 years old. By the age of 17, she focused solely on improving her skills at Suzhou Embroidery. It takes a moment to discover beauty, but it takes a long time to create beauty. After years of studying, she finally transformed her art from the level of “looking lifelike” to “being alive”. All she needs are a needle and a few silk threads. Then with her magical hands, anything can happen. Her traditional techniques and innovative skills have won her the title “Master of Folk Arts and Crafts” from UNESCO. With a simple needle moving up and down on a piece of cloth, a delicate flower begins to take shape under her hands. Watching Yao Jianping doing embroidery is just like watching a ballet performance of fingers. It is both elegant and skillful. Yao uses this millennia-old art to depict (描绘) the age of today. She not only produced a series of works representing the highest level of contemporary Suzhou Embroidery but also managed to get the fine art to reach more ordinary people. Yao has launched new products with Suzhou Embroidery elements, including Chinese qipao dresses. She has become better known around the world in the past few years, since her works began being presented as national gifts to world leaders. In 2015, British Queen Elizabeth II received a fine piece of Suzhou Embroidery as a gift. 1. How did Yao improve her skills? A. By discovering beauty in life. B. By years of constant studying. C. By seeking help from her mother. D. By changing the traditional techniuqes. 2. Why does the writer mention ballet performance in paragraph 3? A. To present Yao’s excellent embroidering skills. B. To explain why embroidery works are so fascinating. C. To introduce how Yao is inspired by other forms of arts. D. To demonstrate the similarity between dancing and embroidering. 3. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. There are few traditional elements in Yao’s works. B. It’s difficult for average people to learn about fine arts. C. Yao tries to spread Chinese culture through embroidery. D. No one can make better Suzhou Embroidery works than Yao. 4. Which of the following can best describe Yao Jianping? A. Caring and easy-going. B. Selfless and open-minded. C. Generous and strong-willed. D. Creative and hard-working. Passage 3 （2025-2026 高二上·河北衡水·月考）Food is not just a means of satisfying hunger; it is deeply intertwined with culture. It reflects the history, traditions, values, and social structures of a society. For example, in many Asian cultures, rice is a staple food that has been cultivated for thousands of years. The way rice is grown, prepared, and served is an integral part of the culture. In Japan, the art of making sushi, which uses rice as a base, is highly regarded. Sushi-making involves precise techniques and an understanding of the quality of ingredients. It is not only a culinary skill but also a cultural expression that reflects the Japanese values of precision, harmony, and respect for nature. In Western cultures, bread holds a significant place. In France, the baguette is more than just a type of bread; it is a symbol of French culture. The process of making a baguette requires patience and skill, from kneading the dough to baking it to a perfect golden-brown crust. French people often enjoy baguettes with cheese, butter, or cold cuts, and it is a common sight to see them walking down the street with a freshly baked baguette under their arm. This simple yet iconic food represents the French love for good food, their appreciation for the artisanal, and their relaxed lifestyle. Food also plays a crucial role in cultural celebrations. In the United States, Thanksgiving is a major holiday centered around a large meal. The traditional Thanksgiving dinner includes turkey, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie. These foods are not only delicious but also have historical and cultural significance. Turkey, for example, was one of the foods served at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621, symbolizing the harvest and the cooperation between the Pilgrims and the Native Americans. 1. What does the example of sushi-making in Japan show? A. The importance of rice in Asian diets. B. The high-level culinary skills in Japan. C. The reflection of Japanese culture in food. D. The popularity of sushi in Japan. 2. Why is the baguette important in French culture? A. It is the most popular food in France. B. It represents French cultural values. C. It is easy to make and widely available. D. It is often served with other delicious foods. 3. What can we learn about Thanksgiving food in the United States? A. It has no special cultural meaning. B. It is mainly about enjoying delicious food. C. It symbolizes historical events and cooperation. D. It has changed a lot over the years. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The variety of staple foods in different cultures. B. The role of food in cultural celebrations. C. The importance of food in different countries. D. The deep connection between food and culture. Passage 4 （2024-2025 高一下·江苏锡山·期末）One of the top sources of added sugar in children’s diets in America is in their breakfast cereal (麦片). A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine shows that advertising drives sales of high-sugar cereals when it’s aimed directly at kids under 12-but not when it targets adults. In the study, researchers looked at all cereals purchased by 77,000 U.S. households over a nine-year period, between 2008 and 2017. They also looked at Nielsen ratings data, which closely monitored all the ads that people in a household saw-both children and adults. What they found was a strong relationship between how much advertising was targeted to kids and how much sugary cereal that households with children bought. By contrast, there was no link to increased purchases when ads targeted adults. And these extensive data also showed that behaviors that were learned in childhood could track into adulthood, which could lead to poor health outcomes over a lifetime. The study is the first to directly compare the influence of food advertising exposure by children with that of adults. The findings offer novel evidence of how food marketing turns children into the “ultimate weapon” in influencing family spending because they consistently ask their parents to purchase a concept known as “pester power”. The food industry launched the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative, a voluntary effort to police itself. The 21 participating food companies made a commitment to cut back on marketing unhealthy foods to children under 12 — later revised to under 13. A new study conducted in 2024 showed that children’s exposure to cereal ads on TV programming aimed at kids has dropped dramatically. But Lindsey Smith Taillie, a food policy researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says these voluntary efforts aren’t making a difference. Advertisements, like kids’ eyeballs, are moving online, making it even harder to know what marketing children are being exposed to, Taillie notes. 1. What did the study find about child-targeted food ads? A. They had no connection with adults’ purchases. B. They were less effective than adult-targeted ads. C. They might affect children’s health in the long run. D. They could reduce children’s interest in sugary food. 2. What does the underlined phrase “pester power” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Parents’ unconditional love. B. Children’s uncontrolled spending. C. Parents’ growing consumption. D. Children’s repeated purchase requests. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. An expectation for further study. B. The follow-up influence of the study. C. A limitation of the research method. D. The potential application of the findings. 4. What is Tallie’s attitude toward the voluntary efforts? A. Favorable. B. Tolerant. C. Disapproving. D. Reserved. Passage5 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （2024-2025 高一下·江苏锡山·期末）Many adults are proud to share their fascinations with what others would label as kids’ toys. Mini Brand mystery packs or other blind boxes have become a phenomenon as collectibles for some adults. ____1____ For others, Legos are on their wishlist encouraged by the brand’s growing number of grown-up sets. ____2____ Seeking and sparking child-like joy may be part of the appeal, said behavioral therapist Maddy Ellberger. “When something reminds us of a positive memory, we are likely to engage with it because the association relives memories.” ____3____ Clothing brands are also cashing in on nostalgia (怀旧情怀) from Crocs creating a Lizzie McGure clog to Lululemon’s Disney collection making a full comeback that includes adults. Barbie isn’t just for kids’ clothes now either, thanks to the recent film and “Barbie-core” fashion trend. In addition to the trendy appeal, the new-found love for these items also speaks to a desire for connection in an increasingly divided world. But whether that desire for connection is satisfied depends on if you can translate the excitement into real, in-person connection. ____4____ But having or wearing the same thing is not the actual steps of forming shared identity. “And I feel like it’s not one that’s going to last,” Ellberger said. Ellberger has a great idea for this. “You are into a certain trend, like toys. There’s a good chance you’ll find others who are into the same trend. ____5____ If it was part of a person’s screen saver, Santa or white elephant, that’s a really cute way of connecting over this,” she said. A. The craze goes beyond toys. B. So, what’s with the fascination? C. It’s a great way to form community. D. Then give these toys to them as holiday gifts. E. Social media fuels the trend by creating shared experiences. F. Even stuffed animals are making their way into adults’ collections. G. Childhood favorites have instead become relevant to adults again. Passage6 An Unsung Hero （2025全国高考一卷）Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. _____1_____ Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. _____2_____ As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. _____3_____ “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. _____4_____ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. _____5_____ She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. Passage7 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （2024-2025 高一下·江苏锡山·期末）The slow death of our television began with an alert (警报) flashing across the screen: This function is not ____1____ now. I tried cleaning the remote control, unplugging the TV — nothing ____2____ . I spent hours online researching our 12-year-old model and ____3____ that the motherboard (主板) was on its way out. Motherboard. The word held ____4____. I heard it as two words: mother bored. With my son away at college, my role as a mom had taken a big ____5____. I was still adjusting to the change. I was stressed, and frankly, a little bored. I prayed the TV would mysteriously fix itself. ____6____, the alerts came more frequently. Upset, I decided to ____7____ with a book. I ____8____ my bookcase and found a novel that I had been given as a gift and never read. The first few nights, restless thoughts ____9____ me. I fought the _____10_____ to pick up my phone and research new TVs or check social media. Once I got lost in the story, everything changed. A new level of relaxation opened, and a deep sense of _____11_____ spread through my day and night. We moved our broken TV out of the living room and have yet to _____12_____ it. Now, thinking about that stubborn alert, I feel _____13_____. What I saw as a problem was really a(n) _____14_____ to make space for something better. I suppose blessings sometimes find their way into our lives disguised (伪装) as problems, and the answer isn’t getting something new but _____15_____ gifts we already have. 1. A. available B. awesome C. admirable D. appealing 2. A. lasted B. mattered C. worked D. remained 3. A. recalled B. maintained C. preferred D. concluded 4. A. logic B. pressure C. memory D. significance 5. A. chance B. turn C. break D. load 6. A. Finally B. Instead C. Therefore D. Otherwise 7. A. settle down B. break down C. check in D. step in 8. A. organized B. dusted C. searched D. packed 9. A. disturbed B. comforted C. examined D. inspired 10. A. routine B. ability C. urge D. request 11. A. belonging B. anxiety C. responsibility D. peace 12. A. produce B. replace C. finance D. distribute 13. A. grateful B. confused C. shocked D. pessimistic 14. A. invitation B. description C. competition D. declaration 15. A. creating B. purchasing C. rediscovering D. returning 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$