第04讲 人教版2019选择性必修一词汇 （专项训练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

选择性必修一词汇综合检测 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 第一部分（完成句子 共70分） 一、根据括号内汉语提示，用适当的形式完成句子。（共35小题，每小题1分，共35分。） 1．Located in the heart of the city, this (植物学的) garden is a heaven for nature lovers. 2． (显然), this new generation of wireless technology will transform people’s lives. 3．We can’t come to a (结论) until we have gathered all the necessary evidence. 4．The (科学的) research on nutrition guided him to make healthier food choices. 5．He was initially drawn to the magic described in the book but (逐渐) came to appreciate the depth of traditional Chinese culture. 6．Alex’s behaviour that morning was quite (异乎寻常的). 7．He was calm and concentrated in judging how to (打败) his opponent. 8．He has taken out a (专利证书) to protect his new invention. 9．We (获得) special permission to reproduce the book in our magazine. 10．In a wired world with (持续不断的) global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. 11．Every child has the (潜力) to succeed; it’s up to educators to help them unlock it.​ 12．With over 2, 500 bikes stored in our five rental shops, we make sure there is always a bike (可获得的) for you. 13． (有关的) work experience is required for overseas postings. 14．Hydrogen (氢气) (结合) with oxygen to form water. 15．In Japan there is a lot of (重点) on politeness. 16．They (提倡) a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. 17．We will be using advanced technology every day for (自动化) control of just about everything in our home. 18．The (可持续的) development of the economy is very important. 19．About fifteen minutes a day for a week or two usually makes an (巨大的) difference. 20． (伸展) your muscles properly before the intense basketball practice is crucial to prevent injuries and improve flexibility. 21．We rented a (乡村小屋) at the seaside for Christmas. 22． (暴露) your skin to the sun too much can cause serious skin problems. 23．The warning signs were not (可见的) to the driver, leading to a serious accident. 24． (陪伴) by some of his loyal students, Confucius spent 14 years of his life travelling from state to state, spreading his ideas and discussing philosophical questions. 25．He’s the most (可靠的) friend I’ve ever had, because I can always depend on him. 26．She spent weeks (打磨；润色) her essay to ensure every paragraph flowed smoothly before the writing contest. 27．It is not (仅仅，只不过) a matter of changes in form, but a matter of whether we can carry the plan out in the future. 28．All citizens are encouraged to take an active part in (回收利用) waste, like bottles and paper. 29．We are all looking forward to the mayor’s (视察) our school tomorrow. 30．Too often children are (目击者) to a disturbing amount of violence. 31．Human brains (不同) considerably, some being more capable than others. 32．In the speech, he explained some of the positive (方面) of technological development. 33．As is known, heating a copper bar will cause it to (使扩大). 34．The company has gradually reduced its energy (消耗), which is in line with the country’s requirement for a modern green economy. 35．As an (可供选择的事物), some farmers have switched to organic farming. 1．botanical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座植物园位于市中心，是自然爱好者的天堂。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“植物学的”应用botanical，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填botanical。 2．Apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，这一新一代的无线技术将会彻底改变人们的生活方式。根据汉语提示可知用副词apparently，修饰后文句子，首字母大写。故填Apparently。 3．conclusion 【详解】考查名词。句意：在收集到所有必要的证据之前，我们不能得出结论。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“结论”可知，应为名词conclusion，come to a conclusion为固定搭配，意为“得出结论”，符合句意。故填conclusion。 4．scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：营养学方面的科学研究指导他选择更健康的食物。名词research前用形容词修饰。形容词“科学的”英文为scientific。故填scientific。 5．gradually 【详解】考查副词。句意：他最初被书中描述的魔法所吸引，但逐渐开始欣赏中国传统文化的深度。根据汉语提示“逐渐”可知，此处应用副词gradually，修饰动词“came to appreciate”，作状语。故填gradually。 6．extraordinary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：亚历克斯那天早上的行为相当异乎寻常。此处需用形容词作表语，根据汉语提示“异乎寻常的”可知，此处为extraordinary。故填extraordinary。 7．defeat 【详解】考查动词。句意：他冷静且专注地判断着如何打败对手。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“打败”应用defeat，为动词，且这里应用原形与前面to构成动词不定式。故填defeat。 8．patent 【详解】考查名词。句意：他已取得专利证书以保护他的新发明。表示“专利证书”使用名词patent，由a可知应用单数形式，作宾语，故填patent。 9．obtained 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们获得了特别许可，可以在我们的杂志上转载这本书。根据汉语提示“获得”可知应填动词obtain，作谓语，结合语境可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填obtained。 10．constant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在一个全球通信不断的有线世界里，我们都有能力看到天才的闪光，无论他们出现在哪里。名词communication前用形容词修饰。形容词“持续不断的”英文为constant。根据汉语提示及句意，故填constant。 11．potential 【详解】考查名词。句意：每个孩子都有成功的潜力，能否帮助他们发掘这种潜力，取决于教育工作者。根据句意和中文提示，表示“潜力”应用potential，为不可数名词，在本句中作宾语。故填potential。 12．available 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们的五家租车店存放了超过2500辆自行车，确保总有一辆自行车供你使用。“可获得的”修饰名词词组a bike，用形容词available作后置定语。故填available。 13．Relevant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：海外工作需要相关的工作经验。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填入形容词relevant，表示“相关的”，作定语修饰名词短语work experience，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Relevant。 14．combines 【详解】考查动词。句意：氢与氧结合形成水。根据汉语提示“结合”可知，此处为动词combine，结合句意可知，此处是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语hydrogen为不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填combines。 15．emphasis 【详解】考查名词。句意：在日本，人们非常注重礼貌。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填名词emphasis“重点，强调”，构成固定短语emphasis on...，意为“强调，重视……”，此处不可数名词emphasis作there be句型中的主语。故填emphasis。 16．advocate 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们提倡一种强调努力工作、家庭和社区的简单生活。根据中文提示“提倡”可知，此处应用动词advocate，句子描述一般性事实，时态为一般现在时，主语They为复数，所以谓语动词为动词原形advocate。故填advocate。 17．automatic 【详解】 考查形容词。句意：在我们的家中，我们将每天使用先进技术来实现几乎所有东西的自动化控制。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词automatic，作定语修饰名词control。故填automatic。 18．sustainable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：经济的可持续发展至关重要。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“可持续的”应用sustainable，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填sustainable。 19．enormous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每天15分钟，坚持一两个星期，通常会有很大的不同。名词difference前用形容词修饰。形容词“巨大的”英文为enormous。故填enormous。 20．Stretching 【详解】考查动词。句意：在激烈的篮球训练之前适当地伸展你的肌肉是防止受伤和提高灵活性的关键。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。“伸展”英文为stretch，其动名词为stretching。故填Stretching。 21．cottage 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们在海边租了一间小屋来过圣诞节。根据汉语提示和空格前的rented a可知，空格处应该用单数名词cottage作宾语。故填cottage。 22．Exposing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：将皮肤过多暴露在阳光下会导致严重的皮肤问题。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词expose“暴露”，空处作主语，表示经常性的动作，应用动名词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Exposing。 23．visible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：警示标志对司机来说不可见，导致了一场严重的事故。were是系动词，后接形容词作表语，“visible”意为“可见的”，合语境。故填visible。 24．Accompanied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一些忠实弟子的陪伴下，孔子用14年时间周游列国，传播思想并探讨哲学问题。根据汉语提示“陪伴”可知，此处需用动词“accompany”，此处为非谓语短语作状语，逻辑主语Confucius与accompany之间为被动关系，所以此处用过去分词形式accompanied，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Accompanied。 25．reliable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是我有过的最可靠的朋友，因为我总是能依靠他。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词“friend”，根据汉语提示“可靠的”可知，应为形容词reliable。故填reliable。 26．polishing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在写作比赛前，她花了好几个星期润色她的文章，以确保每一段都流畅。根据汉语提示可知，polish“打磨；润色”，动词，spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，用动名词作宾语，故填polishing。 27．merely 【详解】考查副词。句意：这不仅仅是形式上的变化，而是我们能否在未来实施这一计划的问题。根据汉语提示“仅仅，只不过”可知，此处为副词merely作状语。故填merely。 28．recycling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：鼓励所有公民积极参与废物回收利用，如瓶子和纸张。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填动词recycle“回收利用”，take an active part in doing sth.“积极参与做某事”，in为介词，其后接动名词作宾语。故填recycling。 29．inspecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都期待着市长明天来视察我们学校。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用动词inspect，表示“视察”；根据空格前的所有格“the mayor’s”可知，此处应填动词的动名词形式，作固定短语look forward to中的介词to的宾语。故填inspecting。 30．witnesses 【详解】考查名词。句意：很多时候，孩子们都会目睹大量的暴力行为。表示“目击者”，用名词witness作表语，主语是复数，相应的用复数作表语。故填witnesses。 31．differ 【详解】考查动词。句意：人类的大脑有很大的不同，有些比其他的更有能力。“不同”作谓语，用动词differ，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时态，主语“Human brains”是复数名词，谓语动词用动词原形。故填differ。 32．aspects 【详解】考查名词。句意：在演讲中，他解释了科技发展的一些积极方面。“方面”是aspect，空前有some，空格处用复数，故填aspects。 33．expand 【详解】考查动词。句意：众所周知，加热铜棒会使其膨胀。根据汉语提示“使扩大”可知，本空用动词expand，位于不定式符号to后，用expand的原形。故填expand。 34．consumption 【详解】考查名词。句意：该公司已逐渐减少能源消耗，这符合国家对现代绿色经济的要求。根据汉语提示“消耗”可知，本空用不可数名词consumption，作reduced的宾语。故填consumption。 35．alternative 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一种替代方法，一些农民已经转向有机农业。空处应填名词单数作宾语，表示“可供选择的事物”使用名词alternative，故填alternative。 二、完形填空 36．genius/enius 【详解】考查名词。句意：爱因斯坦因其在物理学领域的开创性理论而被誉为天才。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用名词genius，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填genius。 37．objective/bjective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：运动员的表现是通过客观的测量方式来评估的，例如速度和准确性。根据首字母和英文释义“基于事实而非个人情感或观点”可知，此空应填objective，表“客观的”，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词，符合语境。故填objective。 38．academic/cademic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：课外活动可以通过减轻压力来提高与教育相关的表现。根据英文释义“尤其是学校和大学的学习”和首字母提示a可知，本空用形容词academic“学术的，学业的”，修饰名词performance，作前置定语。故填academic。 39．botanical/otanical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座植物园里有许多不同的植物和树木。根据句意和首字母可知，此空应填botanical，表“植物学的”，为形容词，而botanical garden，为固定搭配，意为“植物园”，符合语境。故填botanical。 40．acknowledge/cknowledge 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们衷心感谢所有帮助过我们的人的贡献。根据the contributions of everyone who helped us可知，此处在表达感谢，空处应使用动词acknowledge，主句陈述现在的事情，使用一般现在时，主语为we，谓语动词用原形形式。故填acknowledge。 41．vital/ital 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我最喜欢的爱好是读书和看报纸，这已经成为我日常生活中极为重要的一部分。根据句意“极其重要的”和首字母提示可知，此处为形容词vital，作定语，修饰名词part。故填vital。 42．cease/ease 【详解】考查动词。句意：在一个不断变化的世界里，一个人不应该停止学习。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为动词cease“停止”，满足句意要求，结合空前should情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填cease。 43．innovation/nnovation 【详解】考查名词。句意：智能手机的发明是一项重大创新，它改变了人们的交流方式。根据首字母i及“The invention of smartphones”可知，此处表示智能手机的发明是一项重大“创新”，innovation“创新”符合语境，由空前a可知，此处用名词单数形式，作表语。故填innovation 44．resist/esist 【详解】考查动词。句意：我一看到冰淇淋，就忍不住买了下来。由“Instantly I saw an ice cream, I couldn’t”可知，句子表示“我一看到冰淇淋，就忍不住买了下来”，空格处意为“抵抗”，由首字母提示r可知，是resist，couldn’t是情态动词，空格处用原形，故填resist。 45．opposed/pposed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有少数学生支持这一决定，但其余所有人都反对。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用形容词opposed，作表语。故填opposed。 46．accurate/ccurate 【详解】考查形容词。 句意：为做到准确无误，这份报告中的数据在提交前需要反复核对。 根据the data in this report needs to be double-checked before submission可知，反复核对数据是为了保证数据 “准确”，结合首字母 “a”，应填形容词 accurate作表语。 故填accurate。 47．resistance/esistance 【详解】考查名词。句意：通常情况下，艾滋病会降低人体对感染的抵抗力。此处为名词作宾语，根据首字母提示、空前的所有格形式“body’s”以及句意可知，此处应填不可数名词resistance表示“抵抗力，免疫力”，“resistance to sth.”表示“对…… 的抵抗力”，符合语境。故填resistance。 48．combine 【详解】考查动词。句意：《了不起的盖茨比》塑造了像杰伊·盖茨比这样复杂的人物，他神秘的财富和对黛西单相思将读者的想象力与美国梦和失落的浪漫的主题结合在一起。根据句意和首字母可知，空处的词为combine。用在文学作品中，为一般现在时。故填combine。 49．integrated/ntegrated 【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：新单词需要一段时间才能被融入日常用语中。根据句意和首字母提示，用动词integrate作从句谓语，意为“使融入；使结合”，与主语new words之间是被动关系，用过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态are integrated。故填integrated。 50．persuade/ersuade 【详解】考查动词。句意：我终于设法说服她和我一起出去喝一杯。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用动词persuade，此处为不定式作宾语。故填persuade。 51．appetite/ppetite 【详解】考查名词。句意：抑制学生对容易得到的奖励的欲望是当务之急。分析句子结构可知，students’后接名词形式，在句中作宾语，名词appetite，表示“强烈欲望，渴望”之意。故填appetite。 52．accompanies/ccompanies 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我妈妈总是陪我去上钢琴课，这让我感到很温暖。根据句中always可知，此处描述经常性发生的动作，应用一般现在时，且主语为My mum，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。根据首字母提示及句意，表示“陪伴”用accompany。故填accompanies。 53．splendid/plendid 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座房子可以饱览特拉华湾的壮丽景色。根据句意和首字母s以及空格后的名词views可知，空格处应该用形容词splendid作定语，修饰后面的名词views。故填splendid。 54．vast/ast 【详解】考查形容词。句意：那里的广大群众都参加了卫生运动。由“masses there have become involved in the health campaign”可知，空格处意为“广大的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词masses，由首字母提示v可知，是vast，故填vast。 55．Disciplining/isciplining 【详解】考查动词。句意：自律是实现长期目标的关键。根据“achieving long-term goals”和首字母提示可推知，空处应用动词discipline，意为“训练，训导”，短语discipline oneself意为“自我控制，严格要求（自己）”，且空处和oneself搭配，作主语，discipline应用动名词的形式。故填Disciplining。 56．interpreted/nterpreted 【详解】考查动词。句意：你刚才在会议上说的话可能被理解为是终止这个项目的一个信号。根据首字母“i”及语境可知，此处表示“被理解为”，interpret有“理解，诠释”之意，且句子主语What you have just said与interpret是被动关系，结合空前的may be，这里用过去分词interpreted。故填interpreted。 57．appropriate/ppropriate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她笑了，这似乎不是那种场合的恰当反应。根据“She laughed”和for that occasion可知，此处指在那种场合不是恰当的反应，空处应用形容词appropriate表示“恰当的”，作定语修饰名词response。故填appropriate。 58．embarrassed/mbarrassed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：杰克昨晚做了那些蠢事之后，见到我感到很尴尬。设空处接在系动词后，应用形容词作表语，根据首字母和句意可知是embarrassed，意为“感到尴尬的”，故填embarrassed。 59．sightseeing/ightseeing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：有些人喜欢躺在海滩上，但我更喜欢去观光。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词sightseeing“观光”，go sightseeing“去观光”，固定短语。故填sightseeing。 60．lower/ower 【详解】考查动词。句意：有规律的锻炼，比如慢跑或骑自行车，不仅能让我们保持健康，还能帮助降低血糖水平。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处应填动词lower“降低”，help (to) do sth.“帮助做某事”，空处应用动词原形。故填lower。 61．bothering/othering 【详解】考查动词。句意：孩子们被允许玩游戏后，就不再打扰他们的父亲了。结合句意和首字母提示可知，动词bother“打扰”符合，stop doing sth.“停止做某事”是固定搭配，故空处用该动词的动名词形式作宾语。故填bothering。 62．clarify/larify 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很乐意对任何仍有疑问的地方作出澄清。根据句意“澄清”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词clarify，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故填clarify。 63．attaching/ttaching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在申请表上附上一张近期照片后，尽快交上去。“attach...to...”是固定短语，意为“把……附在……上”，在介词After后用动名词attaching作宾语。故填attaching。 64．anxiety/nxiety 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个内向的女孩在公共场合讲话时感到很焦虑。根据首字母提示a以及when speaking in public可知，此处使用名词anxiety，作宾语，意为“焦虑”。故填anxiety。 65．digesting/igesting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：酸奶是任何人的钙的良好来源，尤其是对那些消化牛奶有困难的人。根据a good source of calcium for anymore可知，此处指尤其对那些消化牛奶有困难的人来说，空处应用动词digest表示“消化”，have trouble (in) doing意为“做某事有困难”，所以此处应用动名词形式digesting作宾语。故填digesting。 66．boost/oost 【详解】考查动词。句意：他说，由于今年冬天会来得更早，公司应该从现在开始加快毛衣的生产。根据winter would come earlier this year可知，因为冬天来得早，所以要加快生产，结合首字母提示，boost“使增长；使兴旺；加快”符合题意，情态动词should后跟动词原形。故填boost。 67．widespread/idespread 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学生们对校园里的食物普遍感到不满。根据首字母提示、空前的冠词a和空后的名词dissatisfaction及句意可知，此处应用形容词widespread表示“普遍的”，修饰名词dissatisfaction，作定语。故填widespread。 68．urban/rban 【详解】考查形容词。句意：世界城市人口正以每年非常高的速度急剧上升。根据首字母提示u可知，此处表示“城市的”，应用形容词urban，修饰名词population，作前置定语。故填urban。 69．alternative/lternative 【详解】考查名词。句意：她别无选择，只能请几天假。根据句意和首字母a可知，此处使用名词alternative“可供选择的事物”，作had的宾语，have no alternative but to do“别无选择，只能做某事”。故填alternative。 70．domestic/omestic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：既然国际扩张只会有害无益，我们能不能只专注于国内市场？设空处修饰名词market，结合首字母提示和句意可知，使用形容词domestic“国内的；本国的”作定语，domestic market表示“国内市场”。故填domestic。 二、根据首字母提示完成句子。（共35小题，每小题1分，共35分。） 36．Einstein was regarded as a g for his revolutionary theories in physics.​ 37．Athletes’ performance was evaluated through o (based on facts rather than on personal feelings or opinions) measurements like speed and accuracy. 38．Extracurricular activities can enhance a (connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities) performance by reducing stress. 39．The b garden had many different plants and trees. 40．We gratefully a the contributions of everyone who helped us. 41．My favorite hobby is reading books and newspapers, which has become a v part of my daily routine. 42．In a world of constant change, one should never c to learn. 43．The invention of smartphones is a major i that changed how people communicate. 44．Instantly I saw an ice cream, I couldn’t r buying it. 45．There are a few students in support of the decision, but all the rest are o to it. 46．To be a , the data in this report needs to be double-checked before submission. 47．It is often the case that AIDS lowers the body’s r to infection. 48．The Great Gatsby features complex characters like Jay Gatsby, whose mysterious wealth and unrequited love for Daisy c readers’ imagination with themes of the American Dream and lost romance. 49．It takes time before new words are i into everyday speech. 50．I finally manage to p her to go out for a drink with me. 51．Discouraging the students’ a for easy rewards is a matter of urgency. 52．My mum always a me to my piano lessons, which makes me feel very warm. 53．The house commanded some s views of Delaware Bay. 54．The v masses there have become involved in the health campaign. 55．D oneself is key to achieving long-term goals. 56．What you have just said at the meeting may be i as a signal of shutting down the project. 57．She laughed, which didn’t really seem an a response for that occasion. 58．After those silly things he did last night, Jack felt so e to see me. 59．Some people like to lie on the beach, but I prefer to go s . 60．Regular exercise, like jogging or cycling, not only keeps us fit but also helps l the blood sugar levels. 61．The children stopped b their father after they were allowed to play games. 62．I am happy to c any points that are still unclear. 63．After a recent photograph to your application form, hand it in shortly. 64．The reserved girl felt a lot of a when speaking in public. 65．Yogurt is a good source of calcium (钙) for anymore, and especially good for people who have trouble d milk. 66．He said companies should b their production of sweaters from now as winter would come earlier this year. 67．There is a w dissatisfaction among the students with the food on campus. 68．The world u population is rocketing upwards at a very high rate every year. 69．She had no a but to ask for a few days’ leave. 70．Since international expansion in business won’t do any good but harm, can we focus just on our d market? 第二部分（完形填空 共15分） 三、本题共15小题，每小1分，共10分。根据题意，在设空处填写适当的单词或填写括号内单词的适当形式。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 71 for more than 50 years. In Glasgow, Thomson 72 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 73 , particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). 74 Faraday (法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the 75 of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the 76 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 77 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 78 him. Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 79 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 80 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857 — 1858 and 1865 — 1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His 81 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 82 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 83 by electric light. Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 84 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 85 in Westminster Abbey. 71．A．sought B．convinced C．admired D．held 72．A．took up B．broke up C．set up D．blew up 73．A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges 74．A．In spite of B．Except for C．Together with D．Regardless of 75．A．command B．condition C．contract D．concept 76．A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．enemies 77．A．important B．domestic C．fortunate D．positive 78．A．for B．with C．after D．on 79．A．aspect B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm 80．A．considered B．attracted C．employed D．accused 81．A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest 82．A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce 83．A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped 84．A．title B．name C．honor D．award 85．A．preserved B．respected C．admitted D．buried 71．D 72．C 73．A 74．C 75．D 76．B 77．A 78．C 79．B 80．C 81．D 82．B 83．A 84．A 85．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了开尔文勋爵——威廉·汤姆森的生平及其在科学领域的贡献，包括他在电磁学、热力学等方面的开创性工作，以及他在实际应用科学中的成就。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1846年，他成为格拉斯哥大学的自然哲学教授，这个职位他担任了50多年。A. sought寻求；B. convinced说服；C. admired钦佩；D. held担任。根据前文“In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow”和后文“for more than 50 years”可知，汤姆森担任教授职位长达50多年。故选D项。 72．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在格拉斯哥，汤姆森建立了英国第一个物理实验室。A. took up开始从事；B. broke up分手；C. set up建立；D. blew up爆炸。根据后文“the first physics laboratory in Britain”可知，此处指汤姆森是“建立”了英国首个物理实验室。故选C项。 73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是许多不同领域的先驱，特别是电磁学和热力学。A. fields领域；B. countries国家；C. labs实验室；D. colleges学院。根据后文“particularly electromagnetism and thermodynamics”可知，电磁学和热力学属于科学的不同领域。故选A项。 74．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. In spite of尽管；B. Except for除了；C. Together with与……一起；D. Regardless of不管。根据后文“he was responsible for the introduction of the concept of an electromagnetic field”可知，汤姆森和法拉第共同推动了电磁场概念的引入，强调合作。故选C项。 75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. command命令；B. condition条件；C. contract合同；D. concept概念。根据后文“of an electromagnetic field”可知，电磁场是一个科学概念。故选D项。 76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. learners学习者；B. pioneers先驱；C. competitors竞争者；D. enemies敌人。根据后文“Nicolas Carnot and James Joule”可知，这些都是电磁学领域的先驱人物。故选B项。 77．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的研究工作最重要的成果之一是提出了绝对零度的概念 —— 基于此概念制定的温标以他的名字命名。A. important重要的；B. domestic国内的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“his idea of an absolute zero of temperature”可知，绝对零度的提出是科学史上“重要的”成果。故选A项。 78．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他的研究工作最重要的成果之一是提出了绝对零度的概念 —— 基于此概念制定的温标以他的名字命名。A. for为了；B. with和；C. after以……命名；D. on在……上。根据“One of the most 　　7　　 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 　　8　　 him.”可知，温度单位是以汤姆森的名字命名的，固定搭配“named after”，表示“以……命名”。故选C项。 79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因在海底电报领域的研究工作而成名，这在当时是一个重大的实际问题。A. aspect方面；B. fame名声；C. contribution贡献；D. enthusiasm热情。根据后文“He was 　　10　　 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,for which he was knighted in 1866.”可知，汤姆森因贡献被封爵，说明他获得了名声。故选B项。 80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1857-1858年和1865-1866年铺设大西洋电报电缆时，他被聘为科学顾问。A. considered考虑；B. attracted吸引；C. employed雇佣、聘请；D. accused指控。根据后文“as a scientific adviser”可知，汤姆森被聘为科学顾问。故选C项。 81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣还促使他研制出一种航海罗盘，并发明了潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. hobby爱好；B. desire欲望；C. success成功；D. interest兴趣。根据后文“also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 　　12　　 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment.”可知，汤姆森对海洋问题的“兴趣”促使他发明航海设备。故选D项。 82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣还促使他研制出一种航海罗盘，并发明了潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. operate操作；B. invent发明；C. control控制；D. produce生产。根据前文“develop a mariners’ compass”和后文“a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment”可知，这些都是他发明的设备。故选B项。 83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发明了许多电子仪器，他在格拉斯哥的房子是第一所用电力照明的房子。A. lit照亮；B. built建造；C. decorated装饰；D. equipped装备。根据后文“by electric light”可知，房子被电灯照亮。故选A项。 84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1892年，汤姆森被授予拉尔格斯开尔文男爵的头衔。A. title头衔；B. name名字；C. honor荣誉；D. award奖励。根据后文“Baron Kelvin of Largs”可知，这是授予的贵族头衔。故选A项。 85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他于1907年12月17日在苏格兰艾尔郡去世，被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂。A. preserved保存；B. respected尊重；C. admitted承认；D. buried埋葬。根据后文“in Westminster Abbey”可知，汤姆森去世后被“安葬”在威斯敏斯特教堂，故选D项。 第三部分（语法填空 共15分） 四、本题共10小题，每小1.5分，共15分。 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Learning that the captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone 86 would like to have the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little unknown, a young man answered the call. Obviously, he was not the captain’s first 87 (choose). That was because he had left medical school without completing his degree. In addition, he had recently received a letter from his father 88 (predict) he would be a disgrace to himself and all his family. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific 89 (discover) of all time. The young man in question was Charles Darwin, a geologist and 90 (nature), fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He had his room on the ship crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. Studying these, he wondered how different species came into 91 (exist). After noticing some species of animals were similar to each other, he came up with an idea that maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their 92 (change) environments. It was so new an idea that nobody believed him. And they refused 93 (believe) that living things, including humans, 94 (evolve) from lower forms of life. His book On the Origin of Species was not published until 1859, which is regarded as one of the most important works ever 95 (write). 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 选择性必修一词汇专项训练 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 第一部分（完成句子 共70分） 一、根据括号内汉语提示，用适当的形式完成句子。（共35小题，每小题1分，共35分。） 1．Located in the heart of the city, this (植物学的) garden is a heaven for nature lovers. 2． (显然), this new generation of wireless technology will transform people’s lives. 3．We can’t come to a (结论) until we have gathered all the necessary evidence. 4．The (科学的) research on nutrition guided him to make healthier food choices. 5．He was initially drawn to the magic described in the book but (逐渐) came to appreciate the depth of traditional Chinese culture. 6．Alex’s behaviour that morning was quite (异乎寻常的). 7．He was calm and concentrated in judging how to (打败) his opponent. 8．He has taken out a (专利证书) to protect his new invention. 9．We (获得) special permission to reproduce the book in our magazine. 10．In a wired world with (持续不断的) global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. 11．Every child has the (潜力) to succeed; it’s up to educators to help them unlock it.​ 12．With over 2, 500 bikes stored in our five rental shops, we make sure there is always a bike (可获得的) for you. 13． (有关的) work experience is required for overseas postings. 14．Hydrogen (氢气) (结合) with oxygen to form water. 15．In Japan there is a lot of (重点) on politeness. 16．They (提倡) a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. 17．We will be using advanced technology every day for (自动化) control of just about everything in our home. 18．The (可持续的) development of the economy is very important. 19．About fifteen minutes a day for a week or two usually makes an (巨大的) difference. 20． (伸展) your muscles properly before the intense basketball practice is crucial to prevent injuries and improve flexibility. 21．We rented a (乡村小屋) at the seaside for Christmas. 22． (暴露) your skin to the sun too much can cause serious skin problems. 23．The warning signs were not (可见的) to the driver, leading to a serious accident. 24． (陪伴) by some of his loyal students, Confucius spent 14 years of his life travelling from state to state, spreading his ideas and discussing philosophical questions. 25．He’s the most (可靠的) friend I’ve ever had, because I can always depend on him. 26．She spent weeks (打磨；润色) her essay to ensure every paragraph flowed smoothly before the writing contest. 27．It is not (仅仅，只不过) a matter of changes in form, but a matter of whether we can carry the plan out in the future. 28．All citizens are encouraged to take an active part in (回收利用) waste, like bottles and paper. 29．We are all looking forward to the mayor’s (视察) our school tomorrow. 30．Too often children are (目击者) to a disturbing amount of violence. 31．Human brains (不同) considerably, some being more capable than others. 32．In the speech, he explained some of the positive (方面) of technological development. 33．As is known, heating a copper bar will cause it to (使扩大). 34．The company has gradually reduced its energy (消耗), which is in line with the country’s requirement for a modern green economy. 35．As an (可供选择的事物), some farmers have switched to organic farming. 二、完形填空 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、根据首字母提示完成句子。（共35小题，每小题1分，共35分。） 36．Einstein was regarded as a g for his revolutionary theories in physics.​ 37．Athletes’ performance was evaluated through o (based on facts rather than on personal feelings or opinions) measurements like speed and accuracy. 38．Extracurricular activities can enhance a (connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities) performance by reducing stress. 39．The b garden had many different plants and trees. 40．We gratefully a the contributions of everyone who helped us. 41．My favorite hobby is reading books and newspapers, which has become a v part of my daily routine. 42．In a world of constant change, one should never c to learn. 43．The invention of smartphones is a major i that changed how people communicate. 44．Instantly I saw an ice cream, I couldn’t r buying it. 45．There are a few students in support of the decision, but all the rest are o to it. 46．To be a , the data in this report needs to be double-checked before submission. 47．It is often the case that AIDS lowers the body’s r to infection. 48．The Great Gatsby features complex characters like Jay Gatsby, whose mysterious wealth and unrequited love for Daisy c readers’ imagination with themes of the American Dream and lost romance. 49．It takes time before new words are i into everyday speech. 50．I finally manage to p her to go out for a drink with me. 51．Discouraging the students’ a for easy rewards is a matter of urgency. 52．My mum always a me to my piano lessons, which makes me feel very warm. 53．The house commanded some s views of Delaware Bay. 54．The v masses there have become involved in the health campaign. 55．D oneself is key to achieving long-term goals. 56．What you have just said at the meeting may be i as a signal of shutting down the project. 57．She laughed, which didn’t really seem an a response for that occasion. 58．After those silly things he did last night, Jack felt so e to see me. 59．Some people like to lie on the beach, but I prefer to go s . 60．Regular exercise, like jogging or cycling, not only keeps us fit but also helps l the blood sugar levels. 61．The children stopped b their father after they were allowed to play games. 62．I am happy to c any points that are still unclear. 63．After a recent photograph to your application form, hand it in shortly. 64．The reserved girl felt a lot of a when speaking in public. 65．Yogurt is a good source of calcium (钙) for anymore, and especially good for people who have trouble d milk. 66．He said companies should b their production of sweaters from now as winter would come earlier this year. 67．There is a w dissatisfaction among the students with the food on campus. 68．The world u population is rocketing upwards at a very high rate every year. 69．She had no a but to ask for a few days’ leave. 70．Since international expansion in business won’t do any good but harm, can we focus just on our d market? 第二部分（完形填空 共15分） 三、本题共15小题，每小1分，共10分。根据题意，在设空处填写适当的单词或填写括号内单词的适当形式。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 71 for more than 50 years. In Glasgow, Thomson 72 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 73 , particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). 74 Faraday (法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the 75 of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the 76 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 77 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 78 him. Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 79 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 80 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857 — 1858 and 1865 — 1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His 81 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 82 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 83 by electric light. Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 84 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 85 in Westminster Abbey. 71．A．sought B．convinced C．admired D．held 72．A．took up B．broke up C．set up D．blew up 73．A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges 74．A．In spite of B．Except for C．Together with D．Regardless of 75．A．command B．condition C．contract D．concept 76．A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．enemies 77．A．important B．domestic C．fortunate D．positive 78．A．for B．with C．after D．on 79．A．aspect B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm 80．A．considered B．attracted C．employed D．accused 81．A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest 82．A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce 83．A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped 84．A．title B．name C．honor D．award 85．A．preserved B．respected C．admitted D．buried 第三部分（语法填空 共15分） 四、本题共10小题，每小1.5分，共15分。 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Learning that the captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone 86 would like to have the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little unknown, a young man answered the call. Obviously, he was not the captain’s first 87 (choose). That was because he had left medical school without completing his degree. In addition, he had recently received a letter from his father 88 (predict) he would be a disgrace to himself and all his family. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific 89 (discover) of all time. The young man in question was Charles Darwin, a geologist and 90 (nature), fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He had his room on the ship crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. Studying these, he wondered how different species came into 91 (exist). After noticing some species of animals were similar to each other, he came up with an idea that maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their 92 (change) environments. It was so new an idea that nobody believed him. And they refused 93 (believe) that living things, including humans, 94 (evolve) from lower forms of life. His book On the Origin of Species was not published until 1859, which is regarded as one of the most important works ever 95 (write). 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$