专题10 语法填空(代词和数词）-2025年高二英语暑假作业（语法填空）

2025年高二暑假作业——语法填空提分亮点之代词和数词10 一. 代词 1. 人称代词(主格与宾格)：I—me you—you he—him she—her it—it；we—us you—you they—them(横线前为主格，作主语；横线后为宾格，通常做宾语) 2. 物主代词(形容词性的物主代词与名词性物主代词)：my—mine your—yours his—his her—hers its—its our—ours your—yours their—theirs(横线前为形容词性物主代词，横线后为名词性物主代词；形容词性物主代词+名词；名词性物主代词单独使用，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词) 3. 人称代词与物主代词的转换 (1) 人称代词转换为形容词性物主代词 Salzburg is famous for _____(it) beautiful buildings. We must preserve _____(we) natural environment. (2) 人称代词转换为名词性物主代词 It was Glen’s idea, not _____(I). This is our room, and _____(you) is just across the hall. 4. 反身代词oneself：myself(我自己) yourself(你自己) himself(他自己) herself(她自己) itself(它自己)；ourselves(我们自己) yourselves(你们自己) themselves(他们/她们/它们自己)。固定搭配：enjoy oneself(玩得开心)；devote oneself to(献身于……)；by oneself(靠自己)；teach oneself/learn...by oneself(自学)；help oneself to(随便……)；say to oneself(自言自语) 【跟踪练习】 1. She was so absorbed in _____(she) job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door. 2. According to a survey we did, most students in _____(we) school spend about six hours a day on screens. 3. “Is that your car?” “No, _____(I) is parked over the road.” 4. Only by keeping down costs will Power Data hold _____(it) advantage over other companies. 5. I really enjoyed _____(I) at the party last night. 6. She is able to take care of _____(she). 7. Don’t forget to forgive yourself. For some people, forgiving _____(they) is the biggest chanllege. 8. He walked a little by _____(he) in the garden. 5. 不定代词 (1) 指人的不定代词(作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)：someone anyone somebody anybody everyone everybody nobody； (2) 指物的不定代词(作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)：something anything everything nothing； (3) 其他常用的不定代词：both all neither none either 二. 数词：基数词和序数词 1. 基数词变序数词。nine（基数词）——ninth（序数词）；twelve（基数词）——twelfth（序数词）。例如：（1）We organized a lot of activities to celebrate our school’s fiftieth birthday last month. （上个月我们组织了很多活动来庆祝我们学校的五十岁生日。）（2）Liu Yang became the first Chinese woman in space on June 16, 2012.（2012年6月16日，刘洋成为首位进入太空的中国女性。） （3）This is the sixth time for our school to hold the robot-making contest.（这是我们学校第六次举办机器人制作大赛。） 2. 整10的基数词和序数词（20—90）： 把整10的基数词的最后一个字母y变成i再加eth，则变成序数词。twenty（20）—twentieth；thirty（30）—thirtieth；forty；fifty；sixty；seventy；eighty；ninety。 3. the+序数词，表示“第几”；a/an+序数词，表示“又一，再一”。 4. 倍数的表达方法： （1） A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B。例如：The rope is three times as long as that one.（这条绳子是那条绳子的三倍。） （2） A+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B。例如：The street is twice wider than that one.（这条街是那条街的两倍宽。） （3） A+be+倍数+the size/length/width/depth/height of B。例如：The building is fourth the height of that one.（这座楼是那座楼的四倍高。） 5. 与数词有关的固定用法： （1）at the age of+基数词，表示“在......岁时”。例如：at the age of 18（在18岁的时候）。 （2）scores of“几十，许多”，后跟名词复数。例如：scores of men doctors（ 很多男性医生）。 （3）dozens of“几十，许多”，后跟名词复数。例如：dozens of children（许多孩子）。 （4）in one’s +整10的基数词的复数形式，表示“在某人几十几岁时”。例如：in her forties（在她四十几岁时）。 （5）in the +整10的基数词的复数形式，表示“在多少世纪多少年代”。例如：in the 1990s（在二十世纪九十年代）。 （6）分数的表达方法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过1时，分母用复数形式。例如：三分之二（two-seconds）；quarter“一刻钟，四分之一”，所以“四分之三”可以表示为（three-fourths/three quarters）。 （7）表示“几分之几或百分之几”的人或物时，须在分数或百分数和人或物之间加of。若充当主语，谓语动词的数须和介词of后的名词保持一致。 （8）hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）；这4个名词前有具体数或several/some/many修饰时则用单数。例如：two hundred boys（二百个男孩）；这4个名词后有介词of短语时怎用复数。例如：millions of“成千上万的，无数的”。 【跟踪练习】 1. My brother is in the _____(six) grade. 2. This dream came true for me one afternoon in the _____(nine) grade. 3. Gunpower was used in China as far back as the _____(eleven) century. 4. In the _____(thirteen) century , the mechanical clock was invented. 5. My uncle sent me a card to congratulate me on my _____(eighteen) birthday yesterday. 6. She is nineteen , and next year she is going to celebrate her _____(twenty) birthday. 三. 高考真题体验 I组(代词的用法) 1. This area, with ____(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy —as a national park. (2024全国甲卷) 2. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking _____(one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. (2024浙江卷1月) 3. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing ro spilling any of _____(they) contents. (2023新课标I卷) 4. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____(it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A SpecialnExhibition of Pu’er Tea.(2022全国乙卷) 5. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”,and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _____(I).(2021新高考I卷) 6. Ecotourism has _____(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.(2021全国乙卷) 7. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine _____(they) living at a different time in history.(2020新高考I卷) 8. Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of _____(we) Further Resources section featured in each volume.(2020新高考II卷) 9. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how _____ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.(2020全国卷I) 10. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _____(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.(2020全国卷I) II组(数词的用法) 1. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the _____(six) century, B. C. (2023全国甲卷) 2. In the _____(seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.(2021新高考II卷) 四. 优秀模拟试题之语法填空精选 1 Many people take the idea of saving money very seriously. Back in 1924, in Italy, a group of people _____1____ (think) the inability to resist spending a major social problem. They had the idea of starting a day to remind people to put away some money for a rainy day. This is how World Saving Day, held on Oct. 31st ____2____ (annual), was started, and it’s still going strong in 2019. Not surprisingly, a movement ____3___ (target) the poor was started. People in the underdeveloped world are more open _____4___ calls to be careful with money. But ____5____ idea of being thrifty (节俭的) has also become popular among the rich. Take Mark Zuckerberg for example. The Facebook founder, one of the world’s ____6____ (rich) people, doesn’t spend very much money on himself. Other people don’t spend money because they don’t like the culture of ____7____ (consume). This is connected to the view ____8____ we should make ourselves happy through the activities we take part in, rather than with what we buy. But however we view money, moderate spending is certainly a good idea when we are still too young to get a job. There is a British saying that ___9___（offer）some good advice in this situation: “Look after the pennies, and the pounds will look after ____10___ (they).” 2 Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the____1____(increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also____2____(help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century. One of the world's ____3____(large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could ____4____ (permanent) disappear. The rich collection of genes____5____ decide their qualities would disappear with them. Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say human____6____(activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land also are responsible. Modern business farming is responsible____7____loss of farmers' traditional crop varieties. The "Green Revolution" of the twentieth century changed agriculture. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from____8____(starve). Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops with the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals____9____(control) diseases and insects. Harvests grew larger and higher quality, ____10____ another result was that some traditional crops were lost. Damage to the environment over the past century makes people believe that crop diversity also suffered. 3 Auckland, the capital city of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous (人口众多的) urban area in the country. When ____1____(plan) a trip to New Zealand, most people skip over Auckland as a destination. Everyone floods to Queenstown, or heads out____2____(spend) time enjoying themselves in nature. However, as anyone who has visited it knows, there are even ____3____ (many) things to do in Auckland, compared with those in Queenstown. All of these things make____4____ a great destination for all travelers.____5____ you are a backpacker, you will in, particular enjoy the huge range of free and cheap things to do in Auckland, especially in a country which is known____6____ its high living cost. The city's trendy neighborhoods can____7____(explore) on foot, and the skyline can be viewed from the water for the cheap price of a ferry ticket.____8____(particular), you will have the chance to taste____9____(variety) of snacks and the city doesn't shy away from a good happy hour. Give yourself____10____ couple of days to enjoy it, and check out some of our favorite things to do in Auckland. Auckland, you shouldn't miss it! 4 For a long time bats ____1____(be) one of the most feared creatures in the animal kingdom. Many pop culture associations with them are____2____(relate) to vampire. Though these associations are complete misunderstandings, bats do have a dark side as a ____3____(danger) disease vector (传播媒介). So there is good reason to be exceptionally cautious if you come into contact with bats. However, the fact is____4____bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem. Many organic farmers have learned about the benefits of ____5____ (have) bats nearby to help manage the amount of pests that show up without pesticides. One brown bat - about ____6____size of a human thumb - can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects within an hour. They make for a fantastic, almost essential ____7____ (add) to pest management on any farm. Even large government organizations have realized the economic benefits of bats. The United States Geological Survey estimates that bat contributions____8____pest management save the country at____9____ (little) 3.7 billion dollars per year. Without them, we would likely experience a dramatic drop in food production, which would eventually make____10____(it) way into our weekly grocery bills. 5 What is art? It is very difficult to come ____1____ with a thorough answer. Tons of people have their own opinions and think they know what art____2____ (true) is. Most people’s answers are too general to distinguish what art is. Art is a creative form of work, ____3____ (design) to have a purpose and show emotion. There is a purpose to every piece of artwork. Therefore ____4____ artist had to start with a unique idea, or reason for ____5____ they’re creating. Historically, art has many different purposes for being made. Artists have made art for logical ____6____ (purpose) like entertainment, communication, and sometimes just to express ____7____ (they). The first time I made art, it was in kindergarten. I remember a mini house glued on paper for my family. Art has to have a connection between the artist and the actual art project itself. As is the case with the Statue of Liberty, and freedom. Art’s final goal is ____8____ (stir) up some type of emotion. Plenty of artists express their feelings in a piece of art. Then the artist’s feelings ____9____ (absorb) by the audience, causing them to have ____10____ (emotion) reactions to the visual. 6 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about____1____ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ____2____ some of them looked very anxious and____3____ (disappoint).When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next____4____ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike____5____ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused____6____ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept____7____ (ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “____8____ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s____9____ (I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers____10____ (sudden) became friendly to one another. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年高二暑假作业——语法填空提分亮点之代词和数词10 一. 代词 1. 人称代词(主格与宾格)：I—me you—you he—him she—her it—it；we—us you—you they—them(横线前为主格，作主语；横线后为宾格，通常做宾语) 2. 物主代词(形容词性的物主代词与名词性物主代词)：my—mine your—yours his—his her—hers its—its our—ours your—yours their—theirs(横线前为形容词性物主代词，横线后为名词性物主代词；形容词性物主代词+名词；名词性物主代词单独使用，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词) 3. 人称代词与物主代词的转换 (1) 人称代词转换为形容词性物主代词 Salzburg is famous for _____(it) beautiful buildings. 【解析】句意：萨尔茨堡以其美丽的建筑而闻名。buildings是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填its。 We must preserve _____(we) natural environment. 【解析】句意：我们必须保护我们的自然环境。environment是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填our。 【答案】its our (2) 人称代词转换为名词性物主代词 It was Glen’s idea, not _____(I). 【解析】句意：这是格伦的主意，不是我的。空后没有名词，应用名词性物主代词表示“某人的”。故填mine。 This is our room, and _____(you) is just across the hall. 【解析】考查名词性物主代词。句意：这是我们的房间，而你的房间就在隔壁走廊那边。空后没有名词，应用名词性物主代词表示“某人的”。故填yours。 【答案】mine yours 4. 反身代词oneself：myself(我自己) yourself(你自己) himself(他自己) herself(她自己) itself(它自己)；ourselves(我们自己) yourselves(你们自己) themselves(他们/她们/它们自己)。固定搭配：enjoy oneself(玩得开心)；devote oneself to(献身于……)；by oneself(靠自己)；teach oneself/learn...by oneself(自学)；help oneself to(随便……)；say to oneself(自言自语) 【跟踪练习】 1. She was so absorbed in _____(she) job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door. 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：她全神贯注于自己的工作，以至于完全没有听到有人在敲门的声音。job是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填her。 2. According to a survey we did, most students in _____(we) school spend about six hours a day on screens. 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：根据我们所做的调查，我们学校里的大多数学生每天花大约六个小时盯着屏幕。school是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填our。 3. “Is that your car?” “No, _____(I) is parked over the road.” 【解析】考查名词性物主代词。句意：“那是你的车吗？”“不，我的车停在马路对面。”空后没有名词，应用名词性物主代词表示“某人的”。故填mine。 4. Only by keeping down costs will Power Data hold _____(it) advantage over other companies. 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：只有降低成本，普力数据公司才能保持其相对于其他公司的竞争优势。advantage是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填its。 5. I really enjoyed _____(I) at the party last night. 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：昨晚的聚会我玩得非常开心。固定搭配：enjoy oneself“玩得开心，过去愉快”。故填myself。 6. She is able to take care of _____(she). 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：她能够照顾好自己。所给词she与句子主语是用一个人，所以要用翻身代词，表示“某人照顾自己”。故填herself。 7. Don’t forget to forgive yourself. For some people, forgiving _____(they) is the biggest chanllege. 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：别忘了要原谅自己。对某些人来说，原谅自己是最大的挑战。所给词they指的就是some people，所以要用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。 8. He walked a little by _____(he) in the garden. 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：他独自一人在花园里走了一会儿。by onself“靠自己”。故填himself。 【答案】1. her 2. our 3. mine 4. its 5. myself 6. herself 7. themselves 8. himself 5. 不定代词 (1) 指人的不定代词(作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)：someone anyone somebody anybody everyone everybody nobody； (2) 指物的不定代词(作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)：something anything everything nothing； (3) 其他常用的不定代词：both all neither none either 二. 数词：基数词和序数词 1. 基数词变序数词。nine（基数词）——ninth（序数词）；twelve（基数词）——twelfth（序数词）。例如：（1）We organized a lot of activities to celebrate our school’s fiftieth birthday last month. （上个月我们组织了很多活动来庆祝我们学校的五十岁生日。）（2）Liu Yang became the first Chinese woman in space on June 16, 2012.（2012年6月16日，刘洋成为首位进入太空的中国女性。） （3）This is the sixth time for our school to hold the robot-making contest.（这是我们学校第六次举办机器人制作大赛。） 2. 整10的基数词和序数词（20—90）： 把整10的基数词的最后一个字母y变成i再加eth，则变成序数词。twenty（20）—twentieth；thirty（30）—thirtieth；forty；fifty；sixty；seventy；eighty；ninety。 3. the+序数词，表示“第几”；a/an+序数词，表示“又一，再一”。 4. 倍数的表达方法： （1） A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B。例如：The rope is three times as long as that one.（这条绳子是那条绳子的三倍。） （2） A+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B。例如：The street is twice wider than that one.（这条街是那条街的两倍宽。） （3） A+be+倍数+the size/length/width/depth/height of B。例如：The building is fourth the height of that one.（这座楼是那座楼的四倍高。） 5. 与数词有关的固定用法： （1）at the age of+基数词，表示“在......岁时”。例如：at the age of 18（在18岁的时候）。 （2）scores of“几十，许多”，后跟名词复数。例如：scores of men doctors（ 很多男性医生）。 （3）dozens of“几十，许多”，后跟名词复数。例如：dozens of children（许多孩子）。 （4）in one’s +整10的基数词的复数形式，表示“在某人几十几岁时”。例如：in her forties（在她四十几岁时）。 （5）in the +整10的基数词的复数形式，表示“在多少世纪多少年代”。例如：in the 1990s（在二十世纪九十年代）。 （6）分数的表达方法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过1时，分母用复数形式。例如：三分之二（two-seconds）；quarter“一刻钟，四分之一”，所以“四分之三”可以表示为（three-fourths/three quarters）。 （7）表示“几分之几或百分之几”的人或物时，须在分数或百分数和人或物之间加of。若充当主语，谓语动词的数须和介词of后的名词保持一致。 （8）hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）；这4个名词前有具体数或several/some/many修饰时则用单数。例如：two hundred boys（二百个男孩）；这4个名词后有介词of短语时怎用复数。例如：millions of“成千上万的，无数的”。 【跟踪练习】 1. My brother is in the _____(six) grade. 【解析】考查序数词。句意：我的弟弟正在上六年级。根据the，可知此处用序数词。故填sixth。 2. This dream came true for me one afternoon in the _____(nine) grade. 【解析】考查序数词。句意：在九年级的一个下午，我的这个梦想终于实现了。根据the，可知此处用序数词。故填ninth。 3. Gunpower was used in China as far back as the _____(eleven) century. 【解析】考查序数词。句意：早在 11 世纪，中国就已经开始使用火药了。根据the，可知此处用序数词。故填eleventh。 4. In the _____(thirteen) century , the mechanical clock was invented. 【解析】考查序数词。句意：在 13 世纪，机械钟被发明了出来。根据the，可知此处用序数词。故填thirteenth。 5. My uncle sent me a card to congratulate me on my _____(eighteen) birthday yesterday. 【解析】考查序数词。句意：昨天，我的叔叔给我寄来了一张贺卡，祝贺我十八岁生日。空前虽然没有定冠词the，但有形容词性物主代词，所以要用形容词性物主代词。故填eighteenth。 6. She is nineteen , and next year she is going to celebrate her _____(twenty) birthday. 【解析】考查序数词。句意：她今年 19 岁，明年她就要庆祝自己 20 岁的生日了。空前虽然没有定冠词the，但有形容词性物主代词，所以要用形容词性物主代词。故填twentieth。 【答案】1—6 sixth ninth eleventh thirteenth eighteenth twentieth 三. 高考真题体验 I组(代词的用法) 1. This area, with ____(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy —as a national park. (2024全国甲卷) 【解析】考查形容词性的物主代词。句意：这片地区拥有独特的、令人叹为观止的自然美景，必须加以妥善保护，以便全国的民众都能前来欣赏——将其设立为国家公园便是最佳选择。中心词beauty是名词，由形容词性的物主代词修饰。故填its。 2. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking _____(one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. (2024浙江卷1月) 【解析】考查不定代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许那些更具前瞻性的商家可能会推出一系列“专为您设计”的不同包装规格的产品，并附带一些特别优惠活动。some of + 名词复数，one指代上文的名词，所以要用one的复数ones替代名词复数。故填ones。 3. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing ro spilling any of _____(they) contents. (2023新课标I卷) 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：南翔那边，那些最优质的虾饺有着极佳的皮质，这样就能将它们从蒸笼中取出，而不会让它们撕裂或溢出任何馅料。此处contents是名词，意为“内容”，所以用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填their。 4. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____(it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A SpecialnExhibition of Pu’er Tea.(2022全国乙卷) 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：中国古代茶博物馆在此次活动中正式揭牌，其首个展览为：“真理之路——普洱茶特别展”。句中exhibition是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填its。 5. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”,and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _____(I).(2021新高考I卷) 【解析】考查名词性物主代词。句意：正如这首歌所唱的那样，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它会永远留在游客的记忆中。在我这里，确实也是如此，即也确实留在了我的记忆中。故填mine。 6. Ecotourism has _____(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.(2021全国乙卷) 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：生态旅游起源于 20 世纪 70 年代的环保运动。origin是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填its。 7. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine _____(they) living at a different time in history.(2020新高考I卷) 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：除了参观展品之外，游客还可以通过电脑模拟进行互动，从而想象自己身处历史上的不同时期的生活情景。此处所给they指的是句子主语visitors，所以要用反身代词作宾语，意为：想象他们自己。故填themselves。 8. Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of _____(we) Further Resources section featured in each volume.(2020新高考II卷) 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每册书中所设的“进一步资源”栏目指引下进行探索。Further Resources section是名词词组，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填our。 9. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how _____ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.(2020全国卷I) 【解析】考查much的用法。句意：有关月球构成的各类数据，比如其蕴含的冰量及其他资源的储量情况，或许能帮助中国评估其未来建立月球基地的计划是否切实可行。ice是不可数名词，由much修饰。故填much。 10. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _____(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.(2020全国卷I) 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：有关月球构成的各类数据，比如其蕴含的冰量及其他资源的储量情况，或许能帮助中国评估其未来建立月球基地的计划是否切实可行。句中plans是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填its。 【答案】1—5 its ones their its mine 6—10 its themselves our much its II组(数词的用法) 1. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the _____(six) century, B. C. (2023全国甲卷) 【解析】考查序数词。句意：寓言是许多早期文化口头传统的一部分，而著名的亚西普寓言可追溯至公元前 6 世纪。根据空前的the，可知这里要用序数词表示“第六世纪”。故填sixth。 2. In the _____(seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.(2021新高考II卷) 【解析】考查序数词。句意：在七年级的时候，我开始在加利福尼亚州的蒙特雷湾水族馆进行志愿服务工作。根据空前的the，可知这里要用序数词表示“第七年级”。故填seventh。 四. 优秀模拟试题之语法填空精选 1 Many people take the idea of saving money very seriously. Back in 1924, in Italy, a group of people _____1____ (think) the inability to resist spending a major social problem. They had the idea of starting a day to remind people to put away some money for a rainy day. This is how World Saving Day, held on Oct. 31st ____2____ (annual), was started, and it’s still going strong in 2019. Not surprisingly, a movement ____3___ (target) the poor was started. People in the underdeveloped world are more open _____4___ calls to be careful with money. But ____5____ idea of being thrifty (节俭的) has also become popular among the rich. Take Mark Zuckerberg for example. The Facebook founder, one of the world’s ____6____ (rich) people, doesn’t spend very much money on himself. Other people don’t spend money because they don’t like the culture of ____7____ (consume). This is connected to the view ____8____ we should make ourselves happy through the activities we take part in, rather than with what we buy. But however we view money, moderate spending is certainly a good idea when we are still too young to get a job. There is a British saying that ___9___（offer）some good advice in this situation: “Look after the pennies, and the pounds will look after ____10___ (they).” 【答案】1. thought；2. annually；3. targeting；4. to；5. the；6. richest；7. consumption；8. that；9. offers；10. themselves 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了穷人和富人的消费观念，指出不管怎样，适度的消费当然是个好主意。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：早在1924年，在意大利，一群人认为无法抵制消费是一个主要的社会问题。根据上文Back in 1924可知描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填thought。 2. 考查副词。句意：每年10月31日的“世界储蓄日”就是这样开始的，并在2019年继续流行。修饰动词held应用副词annually，表示“一年一次地”。故填annually。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：毫不奇怪，一场针对穷人的运动开始了。分析句子结构可知was started 是谓语动词，所以target在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且movement与动词target之间是主动关系，是用现在分词在句中作定语。故填targeting。 4. 考查介词。句意：欠发达国家的人们更愿意接受花钱谨慎的要求。固定短语：be open to，意为“对……持开放态度”，表示愿意接受或考虑某种观点、建议或想法。故填to。 5. 考查冠词。句意：但节俭的观念也在富人中流行起来。idea为可数名词，此处特指“节俭的观念”应用定冠词。故填the。 6. 考查最高级。句意：Facebook创始人是世界上最富有的人之一，他在自己身上花的钱并不多。固定搭配：one of + the +形容词最高级+名词复数，此处表示“世界上最富有的人之一”。故填richest。 7. 考查名词。句意：其他人不花钱是因为他们不喜欢消费文化。根据上文the culture of为无生命名词所有格，可知这里应用consume的名词形式consumption作介词of的宾语。故填consumption。 8. 考查名词性从句连接词。句意：这与我们应该通过参与活动而不是通过买什么来让自己快乐的观点有关。本句是同位语从句，从句中不缺少主要成分，且句意完整，应该用that引导，说明空前名词view的具体内容。故填that。 9. 考查主谓一致。句意：在这种情况下，有一个英国谚语提供了一些很好的建议：“积少成多”。定语从句中，谓语动词与先行词a British saying保持一致，且此处陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填offers。 考查代词。句意：在这种情况下，有一个英国谚语提供了一些很好的建议：“积少成多”。“Look after the pennies, and the pounds will look after themselves.”表示“积少成多”，指代主语pounds，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 2 Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the____1____(increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also____2____(help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century. One of the world's ____3____(large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could ____4____ (permanent) disappear. The rich collection of genes____5____ decide their qualities would disappear with them. Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say human____6____(activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land also are responsible. Modern business farming is responsible____7____loss of farmers' traditional crop varieties. The "Green Revolution" of the twentieth century changed agriculture. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from____8____(starve). Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops with the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals____9____(control) diseases and insects. Harvests grew larger and higher quality, ____10____ another result was that some traditional crops were lost. Damage to the environment over the past century makes people believe that crop diversity also suffered. 【答案】1. increasing 2. helps 3. largest 4. permanently 5. that/which 6. activities 7. for 8. starvation 9. to control 10. But 【解析】 1. 考查形容词。句意：农作物的多样性对养活地球上不断增长的人口很重要。根据句意，这里要表达的是“增长的”。increase的现在分词形式increasing可以用作形容词，修饰名词 ，意为“增加的”。故填increasing。 2. 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：他们说，拥有多种多样的植物也有助于防止可能的作物疾病和未来的危机。分析句子成分可知，help在宾语从句中作谓语，主语是having a large variety of plants ，是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称单数形式。全文时态为一般现在时，所以这里也要用一般现在时。故填helps。 3. 考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的种子保护项目之一预测将会有更多的损失。根据句意，这里要用所给形容词的最高级。故填largest。 4. 考查副词。句意：千年种子银行合作组织警告说，多达10万种植物物种可能永久消失。disappear是动词, 由副词修饰，permanent形容词，其副词形式是permanently。故填permanently。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：决定它们品质的丰富的基因集合也会随之消失。设空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，genes是先行词，指物，定语从句由关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 6. 考查名词复数。句意：他们说，人类活动和规划不周、过度使用土地也是罪魁祸首。activity为可数名词，本句中没有冠词及限定词，说明要用其复数形式。故填activities 。 7. 考查介词。句意：现代商业农业造成了农民传统作物品种的流失。固定搭配：be responsible for，意为“对……负责”。故填for。 8. 考查词性转换。句意：一些专家说现代商业农业方法的使用使数百万人免于饥饿。空格处为介词from的宾语，starve为动词，不能作宾语，所以用其名词形式starvation。故填starvation。 9. 考查动词不定式。句意：他们用化学药品来防治疾病和昆虫。treated是谓语动词，control是非谓语动词，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to control。 10. 考查并列连词。句意：收成越来越多，质量也越来越好，另一个结果是一些传统作物消失了。根据句意，Harvests grew larger and higher quality与was that some traditional crops were lost.之间是转折关系，所以要用表示转折关系的连词连接前后两个句子。故填 but/while/yet。 3 Auckland, the capital city of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous (人口众多的) urban area in the country. When ____1____(plan) a trip to New Zealand, most people skip over Auckland as a destination. Everyone floods to Queenstown, or heads out____2____(spend) time enjoying themselves in nature. However, as anyone who has visited it knows, there are even ____3____ (many) things to do in Auckland, compared with those in Queenstown. All of these things make____4____ a great destination for all travelers.____5____ you are a backpacker, you will in, particular enjoy the huge range of free and cheap things to do in Auckland, especially in a country which is known____6____ its high living cost. The city's trendy neighborhoods can____7____(explore) on foot, and the skyline can be viewed from the water for the cheap price of a ferry ticket.____8____(particular), you will have the chance to taste____9____(variety) of snacks and the city doesn't shy away from a good happy hour. Give yourself____10____ couple of days to enjoy it, and check out some of our favorite things to do in Auckland. Auckland, you shouldn't miss it! 【答案】1. planning 2. to spend 3. more 4. it 5. If 6. for 7. be explored 8. Particularly 9. varieties 10. a 【解析】 1. 考查现在分词。句意：当计划去新西兰旅行时，大多数人不会把奥克兰作为目的地。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句的完整形式为：When they are planning a trip to New Zealand，相当于省略了they are。故填planning。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：每个人都涌向皇后镇，或者出去享受大自然。句中floods是谓语动词，spend是非谓语动词，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to spend。 3. 考查比较级。句意：然而，正如所有去过奥克兰的人所知，与皇后镇相比，在奥克兰甚至有更多的事情可做。空后的“compared with”表明此处用形容词比较级，同时even也常用来修饰比较级。故填more。 4. 考查it的用法。句意：所有这些都使它成为所有旅行者的好去处。分析句子结构可知，make后缺宾语，根据句意可知此处指代前面提到的Auckland。故填it。 5. 考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你是一个背包客，你会特别喜欢在奥克兰做各种各样的免费和便宜的事情，尤其是在一个以生活成本高而闻名的国家。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填从属连词，引导条件状语从句，此处表示“如果”。故填If。 6. 考查介词。句意：如果你是一个背包客，你会特别喜欢在奥克兰做各种各样的免费和便宜的事情，尤其是在一个以生活成本高而闻名的国家。be known for表示“以……而闻名”。故填for。 7. 句意：你可以步行探索这座城市的时尚社区，只需一张便宜的船票，就可以从水上看到天际线。neighborhoods与explore之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be explored。 8. 考查副词。句意：特别是，你将有机会品尝各种小吃，这座城市一定会给你带来美好的快乐时光。修饰整个句子用副词，位于句首用大写。故填Particularly。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：特别是，你将有机会品尝各种小吃，这座城市一定会给你带来美好的快乐时光。固定短语：a variety of /varieties of，表示“各种各样的”。故填varieties。 10. 考查冠词。句意：给自己几天时间去享受一下。a couple of是固定短语，表示“几个”。故填a。 4 For a long time bats ____1____(be) one of the most feared creatures in the animal kingdom. Many pop culture associations with them are____2____(relate) to vampire. Though these associations are complete misunderstandings, bats do have a dark side as a ____3____(danger) disease vector (传播媒介). So there is good reason to be exceptionally cautious if you come into contact with bats. However, the fact is____4____bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem. Many organic farmers have learned about the benefits of ____5____ (have) bats nearby to help manage the amount of pests that show up without pesticides. One brown bat - about ____6____size of a human thumb - can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects within an hour. They make for a fantastic, almost essential ____7____ (add) to pest management on any farm. Even large government organizations have realized the economic benefits of bats. The United States Geological Survey estimates that bat contributions____8____pest management save the country at____9____ (little) 3.7 billion dollars per year. Without them, we would likely experience a dramatic drop in food production, which would eventually make____10____(it) way into our weekly grocery bills. 【答案】1. have been 2. related 3. dangerous 4. that 5. having 6. the 7. addition 8. to 9. least 10. Its 【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时。句意：很长一段时间以来，蝙蝠一直是动物界最可怕的生物之一。根据前面的时间状语“For a long time”以及句意可知，此处应用现在完成时表示从过去以来一直持续的情况，且主语是名词复数bats。故填have been。 2. 考查形容词。句意：许多与他们有关的流行文化都与吸血鬼有关。固定短语：be related to，意为“与……有关”。故填related。 3. 考查词性转换。句意：尽管这些联系完全是误解，但蝙蝠作为危险的疾病媒介确实有黑暗的一面。此处应用形容词修饰后面的名词disease vector。故填dangerous。 4. 考查表语从句。句意：然而，事实是蝙蝠在保持生态系统平衡方面发挥着重要作用。be动词后是表语从句， that引导表语从句不做成分，只起连接作用，the fact is that意为“事实是……”。故填that。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多种植有机作物的农民已经了解到，在没有杀虫剂的情况下，让蝙蝠在附近帮助管理大量害虫的好处。分析句子可知，此处have是动词，意为“拥有”，空格前的介词of后面接动名词作宾语。故填having。 6. 考查冠词。句意：一只棕蝙蝠——大约人类拇指大小——可以在一小时内吃掉大约600只蚊子和其他讨厌的昆虫。the size of是固定短语，意为“……的尺寸”。故填the。 7. 考查词性转换。句意：它们对任何农场的病虫害管理都是一种奇妙的、几乎必不可少的补充。根据前面的形容词essential可知，此处应用名词形式。故填addition。 8. 考查介词。句意：美国地质调查局估计，蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献每年为国家节省至少37亿美元。固定短语：contribution to，意为“对……贡献，促成”。故填to。 9. 考查最高级。句意：美国地质调查局估计，蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献每年为国家节省至少37亿美元。at least是固定短语，意为“至少”。故填least。 10. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：如果没有它们，我们可能会经历食品产量的急剧下降，这最终会出现在我们每周的杂货账单上。固定短语：make one’s way，意为“成功，前进”，所以此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词way。故填its。 5 What is art? It is very difficult to come ____1____ with a thorough answer. Tons of people have their own opinions and think they know what art____2____ (true) is. Most people’s answers are too general to distinguish what art is. Art is a creative form of work, ____3____ (design) to have a purpose and show emotion. There is a purpose to every piece of artwork. Therefore ____4____ artist had to start with a unique idea, or reason for ____5____ they’re creating. Historically, art has many different purposes for being made. Artists have made art for logical ____6____ (purpose) like entertainment, communication, and sometimes just to express ____7____ (they). The first time I made art, it was in kindergarten. I remember a mini house glued on paper for my family. Art has to have a connection between the artist and the actual art project itself. As is the case with the Statue of Liberty, and freedom. Art’s final goal is ____8____ (stir) up some type of emotion. Plenty of artists express their feelings in a piece of art. Then the artist’s feelings ____9____ (absorb) by the audience, causing them to have ____10____ (emotion) reactions to the visual. 【答案】1. up 2. truly 3. designed 4. an 5. what 6. purposes 7. themselves 8. to stir 9. are absorbed 10. Emotional 【解析】 1. 考查固定短语。句意：很难想出一个彻底的答案。短语come up with意思为“想出”。故填up。 2. 考查副词。句意： 很多人有自己的观点，认为他们知道什么是真正的艺术。 修饰句子，应用副词作状语。故填truly。 3. 考查过去分词。句意：艺术是一种创造性的工作形式，目的是为了表达情感。 短语be designed to do ….“目的是…...”；design与句子主语art是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填designed。 4. 考查不定冠词。句意： 因此，因此，一个艺术家必须从一个独特的想法开始，或者从他们创作的理由开始。此处用不定冠词表示泛指“一个艺术家”，artist的发音是以元音音素开头，故填an。 5. 考查宾语从句。句意： 因此，一个艺术家必须从一个独特的想法开始，或者从他们创作的理由开始。分析句子结构， 设空处后是宾语从句，应用what引导宾语从句，作从句中 creating的宾语，意思为“…...东西”。故填what。 6. 考查名词复数。句意：艺术家创造艺术是为了逻辑目的，如娱乐、交流，有时只是为了表达自我。purpose为可数名词，根据上一句many different purposes 和like后面列举的内容，purpose应用复数形式。故填purposes。 7. 考查反身代词。句意：艺术家创造艺术是为了逻辑目的，如娱乐、交流，有时只是为了表达自我。短语express oneself意思为“表达自我”；主语是artists，相应的反身代词是themselves。故填themselves。 8. 考查不定式。句意：艺术的最终目标是激发某种类型的情感。分析句子结构，此处用动词不定式做表语。故填to stir。 9. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：然后，艺术家的情感被观众吸收，使他们从视觉上产生情感反应。句子主语the artist’s feelings 和absorb之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态；全文叙述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are absorbed。 10. 考查形容词。句意：然后，艺术家的情感被观众吸收，使他们从视觉上产生情感反应。修饰后面的名词reactions，使用形容词作定语。故填emotional。 6 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about____1____ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ____2____ some of them looked very anxious and____3____ (disappoint).When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next____4____ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike____5____ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused____6____ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept____7____ (ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “____8____ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s____9____ (I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers____10____ (sudden) became friendly to one another. 【答案】1. being 2. and 3. disappointed 4. to 5. caught 6. to stop 7. riding 8. Did 9. me/mine 10. suddenly 【解析】 1. 考查动名词。句意：一天早上，我在公共汽车站等车，担心上学迟到。about为介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词。故填being。 2. 考查并列连词。句意：有很多人在公共汽车站等车，其中一些人看起来很焦虑和失望。根据文章内容可知空前和空后为顺承关系。故填and。 3. 考查形容词。句意：有很多人在公共汽车站等车，其中一些人看起来很焦虑和失望。此处指一些人看上去很失望。disappointed“感到沮丧的;感到失望的”，修饰人。故填disappointed。 4. 考查固定搭配。句意：我找了个靠窗的地方，所以我能很好地看到人行道。next to为固定搭配，意为“靠近;邻近”。故填to。 5. 考查一般过去时态。句意：一个骑自行车的男孩引起了我的注意。此处讲述的是过去的事,故用一般过去时。故填caught。 6.考查动词不定式。句意： 我听到我后面的一位乘客对司机大喊大叫，但他拒绝停车，直到我们到达下一站。refuse to do sth固定用法，意为“拒绝做某事”。故填to stop。 7. 考查动名词。句意：男孩仍然继续骑着马。keep doing sth固定用法，意为“一直做某事”。故填riding。 8. 考查助动词。句意：然后司机站起来问道：“有人在上一站丢了一个手提箱吗？”此处是一个一般疑问句,询问过去发生的事情,助动词用did，帮助构成一般过去时的疑问句，且位于句首。故填Did。 9. 考查代词。句意：这是我的包/是我丢了包。此处缺少表语。强调“这是我的包”或者“是我(丢了包)”。故填me/mine。 10. 考查副词。句意：这群陌生人突然变得友好起来。此处用副词作状语,故填suddenly。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$