专题08 语法填空(名词）-2025年高二英语暑假作业（语法填空）

2025年高二暑假作业——语法填空提分亮点之名词08 一. 名词：名词分可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词分单数和复数。不可数名词没有复数形式。 1. 单数可数名词前加a/an，表示“一”； 2. 单数可数名词变成复数的规则： (1) 一般在名词后加a，变成复数。 (2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es。 (3) 以o结尾的名词，一般有生命的加es，常见的有：tomato、potato、hero等；无生命的加s，常见的有：pianos、photos、radios、studios等。 (4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，把y变成i，再加es；以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s。如：babies，monkeys，toys。 (5) 以f、fe结尾的名词，把f、fe变成v再加es。如：knife—knives。不规则变化：man—men；woman——women；child—children；foot——feet；tooth—teeth；human（人）—humans；German（德国人）—Germans；Roman（罗马人）—Romans；ox（公牛）—oxen 温馨提示：a man/woman doctor—ten men/women doctors；a boy/girl student—ten boy students；passer-by(过路人)—passers-by；grown-up(成年人)—grown-ups；stomach(胃)—stomachs；roof（屋顶）—roofs。 3. 不可数名词：无复数形式，作主语，后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：The food is delicious. 4. 名词单、复数的用法 (1)名词位于并列结构中用复数的情况： They teach you how to deal with problems in your life, for example, how to get on well with your classmates or friends. (2)名词如果是单数可数名词，原则上不可以单独使用。若所给名词为可数名词， 前面没有必要的限定词（如冠词、物主代词、指示代词等）修饰，则该名词需要用复数形式。如：Mike’s always good at coming up with new ideas. (3)名词后接举例或展开说明文字的情况：若所给名词为可数名词， 后接了such as…, for example…, like…或破折号等内容，则该名词需要用复数形式。如：Things like glass, paper, and plastic can all be recycled.玻璃、纸张、塑料之类的东西都可以回收利用。 【跟踪练习】 1. A code uses symbols to replace words, _______（phrase）, or sentences. 【解析】句意：一种编码是通过符号来替代单词、短语或句子的。 2. It is possible to combine Computer Science with other ______ （subject），for example Physics and Mathematics. 【解析】句意：计算机科学可以与其他学科（如物理学和数学）相结合。 3. Each of these systems has its _______（advantage）and disadvantages. 【解析】句意：这些系统中的每一个都有其自身的优点和缺点。 4. That sum of money is to cover _______（cost）such as travel and accommodation. 【解析】句意：这笔钱将用于支付诸如交通和住宿等费用。 5. ______ （visitor）should wait in the reception area. 【解析】句意：游客们应在接待区等候。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Visitors。 6. Some of them have been out of work for ______ （year）. 【解析】句意：他们当中有些人已经失业多年了。 【答案】1. phrases 2. subjects 3. advantages 4. costs 5. Visitors 6. years (4)结合主谓一致（即主语与谓语动词的一致）、主表一致（即主语与表语的一致）、名代一致（即名词与相应代词的一致）等，变名词复数。如： Our offices are on the same floor. 我们的办公室在同一层楼。 Maths and physics are my favourite subjects. 数学和物理是我最喜欢的学科。 The children did the washing by themselves. 孩子们自己洗衣服。 【跟踪练习】 1. The beautiful ______ （beach）are the island’s main attraction. 【解析】句意：美丽的海滩是这个岛屿的主要亮点。 2. It is food and water that the ______（patient）need most. 【解析】句意：患者最需要的是食物和水。 3. Summer and autumn are her favorite ______（season）. 【解析】句意：夏季和秋季是她最喜爱的季节。 4. I would like to express my thanks to my ______（friend）for their support. 【解析】句意：我想向我的朋友们表示感谢，感谢他们的支持。 【答案】1. beaches 2. patients 3. seasons 4. friends (5) 名词前有基数词类限定词：two, three等、many类限定词：both, few, a great number of 等、指示代词类限定词：主要包括these和those等，名词用复数形式。 【跟踪练习】 1. Take this medicine three _____（time）a day. 【解析】句意：每天服用此药三次。 2. Not all ______ （insect）can fly. 【解析】句意：并非所有的昆虫都能飞行。 3. In the park there are many ______ （animal）, including some _____（monkey）. 【解析】句意：公园里有很多动物，其中包括一些猴子。 4. Victoria is one of London’s busiest ______（station）. 【解析】句意：维多利亚站是伦敦最繁忙的车站之一。 5. They lent large sums of money to these ______（company）. 【解析】句意：他们向这些公司提供了巨额贷款。 【答案】1. times 2. Insects 3. animals 4. monkeys 5. stations 6. companies 二. 名词的词性转换 1. 名词转换为形容词作定语：当一个名词用于另一个名词前作定语时，通常应将该名词转换为其形容词形式。 You had a ______（luck）escape. 【解析】句意：你真是幸运地逃过一劫。 Tigers are ______（danger）animals. 【解析】句意：老虎是危险的动物。 I don’t think it is a ______（reason）explanation. 【解析】句意：我认为这不是一个合理的解释。 【答案】1—3 lucky dangerous reasonable 【跟踪练习】 1. You should wear loose, ______（comfort）clothing when doing exercise. 【解析】句意：进行锻炼时，你应该穿宽松、舒适的衣物。 2. The hotel’s rooms are built around a ______（centre）courtyard. 【解析】句意：这家酒店的房间都是围绕着一个中央庭院而布置的。 3. It’s an absolutely _____（craze）idea. 【解析】句意：这真是个极其疯狂的主意。 4. We have seen the most important ______（science）development of the century. 【解析】句意：我们见证了本世纪最重要的科学成就。 5. Many things in ______（day）use are made out of plastic. 【解析】句意：日常生活中很多物品都是用塑料制成的。 6. Those fields were full of _____（noise）children running around. 【解析】句意：那些区域里到处都是喧闹的孩子们在奔跑嬉戏。 【答案】comfortable central crazy scientific daily noisy 2. 名词转换为形容词作表语：当名词用于系动词（尤其是be，还有become，get, look, smell, taste, sound, seem, appear, stay,remain, grow等其他联系动词）后作表语时，原则上应用名词的形容词形式作表语。如：These flowers smell very wonderful. 这些话问起来很香。 【跟踪练习】 1. It is ______（nature）for parents to worry about their children. 【解析】句意：父母为孩子担心是很正常的。 2. Both dresses are _____（beauty）. I don’t know which one to choose. 【解析】句意：这两件连衣裙都很漂亮。我不知道该选哪一件。 3. He enjoyed working there —— everyone was ______（friend）. 【解析】句意：他在那里工作得很愉快——那里的人都很友善。 4. The warmth from the fire made her feel ______（sleep）. 【解析】句意：炉火散发的温暖让她感到困倦。 5. They seemed ______（wealth）but in fact they weren’t. 【解析】句意：他们表面上看起来很富有，但实际上并非如此。 【答案】natural beautiful friendly sleepy wealthy 3. 名词转换为形容词用于其他结构 (1)名词转换为形容词作补语：动词（believe, consider, find, keep, leave, make, think等）+宾语+宾语补足语（形容词）。如： Her behavior made me rather ______（puzzle）. 【解析】句意：她的行为让我感到颇为困惑。 Fruits and vegetables can keep you _____(health). 【解析】句意：水果和蔬菜能让你保持健康。 【答案】puzzled healthy (2)名词转换为形容词作状语：形容词或形容词短语作状语时，一般用逗号将它与句子的其余部分隔开。这种状语一般位于句首或句末，意义上相当于一个状语从句。 He came back home, tired and ______（hunger）. 【解析】句意：他回到家，疲惫又饥饿。 ______（surprise）at the results, he returned to work in a hurry. 【解析】句意：对结果感到惊讶后，他匆匆忙忙地返回了工作岗位。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Surprised。 【答案】hungry Surprised 【跟踪练习】 1. I think the performance very ______（success）. 【解析】句意：我认为这次演出非常成功。 2. The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and _____（shock）. 【解析】句意：幸存者们躺在沙滩上，疲惫不堪且惊魂未定。 3. Consider yourself ______（fortune）you weren’t fired. 【解析】句意：想想吧，你居然没有被解雇，这可真是幸运极了。 4. ______（talent）in English study, she often asks me some questions. 【解析】句意：她在英语学习方面很有天赋，经常向我提问。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Talented。 【答案】successful shocked fortunate Talented (3)结合关键词，名词转换为形容词： a. more和most后接形容词构成比较级和最高级。b. 不定代词something等后面用形容词最后置定语。 【跟踪练习】 1. This painting, painted by Van Gogh, must be very ______（value）. 【解析】句意：这幅由梵高创作的画作肯定价值不菲。 2. He tasted the soup and found it was too ______（salt）. 【解析】句意：他尝了尝那汤，发现味道太咸了。 3. A short nap can be enough to make you feel more _____（energy）in the afternoon. 【解析】句意：短暂的小睡就能让你在下午感到精力更充沛。 4. “Do you want to see anything ______（hope）?”Mary asked happily. 【解析】句意：“你想看看有什么让人充满希望的东西吗？”玛丽高兴地问道。 【答案】valuable salty energetic hopeful 三. 名词的所有格 名词的所有格表示所属关系，修饰另一名词。1. 在名词末尾加’s构成所有格。2. 由“名词（部分）+of+名词（整体）”构成所有格。3. 双重所有格，即将’s所有格（包括名词性物主代词）与of所有格结合起来构成的所有格。He is a friend of mine.他是我的一位朋友。 【跟踪练习】 1. The list is up-to-date now that we’ve added the new ______（member）names. 【解析】句意：现在这份名单是最新的了，因为我们已经添加了新成员的名字。 2. If everything goes well, we’ll be able to finish the task in two ______（week）time. 【解析】句意：如果一切进展顺利，我们将在两周内完成这项任务。 3. A ______（teacher）praise has great effect on his students. 【解析】句意：教师的表扬对他的学生有着极大的影响。 4. We need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our ______（friend）expectations. 【解析】句意：我们需要确保我们的期望与朋友们的期望是相同的。 【答案】members’ weeks’ teacher’s friends’ 四. 高考真题体验 I组（名词单数变复数）： 1. These plants included modern ______（favourite）such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. （2024新课标I卷） 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite/favourite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites/favourites。 2. Although they could never have met, there are common ______（theme）in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.（2024新II卷） 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说,尽管他们从未见过面,但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型,为倒装句,根据谓语动词“are”可判断,本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 3. They are ______（treasure）of American heritage（遗产）. （2024全国甲卷） 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”,为可数名词,结合前文they are,应用复数形式。故填treasures。 4. They also need to be ready to give ______（interview）in English with international journalists.（2023新课标II卷） 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。根据句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview 意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填 interviews。 5. But for all its ancient buildings , Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural _____（wonder）standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. （2023全国乙卷） 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：尽管北京有着众多古老的建筑，但它同样是一个接纳现代生活快速发展的城市，21 世纪的建筑奇观与过去的历史建筑并肩而立。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；依据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 6. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______（population）and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.（2022新高考I卷） 【解析】考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善大熊猫不同种群和栖息地之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列,population应用其复数形式表示泛指,作宾语。故填populations。 7. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ______（human）are. （2021新高考I卷） 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：一旦你到达山顶，你所看到的滚滚云海将提示你我们人类是多么渺小。表示“人类”，常用复数名词humans，此处作we的同位语。故填humans。 8. ______（activity）there range from whale watching to hiking（远足）and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. （2021全国乙卷） 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到远足不等，住宿旨在对自然环境产生低影响。句中缺少主语，谓语动词“range”为原形，表明主语应是复数概念。“activity”为可数名词，其复数形式为“activities”，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填Activities。 9. We stopped at the different gates and ______（watchtower）to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines. （2021全国甲卷） 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：我们在不同的城门和瞭望塔处停留，拍照留念，或者只是观察当地居民的日常生活。根据并列连词and前面的the different gates 可知，此处用名词复数形式。故填watchtowers。 10. Also, technological know-how has become a requirement for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most ______（profession）.（2020新高考II卷） 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：此外，在这个日益数字化的世界里，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算机已成为大多数职业中常用的工具。根据空前的most可知，设空处应用名词复数。故填professions。 【答案】1—5 favourites themes treasures interviews wonders 6—10 populations humans Activiities watchtowers professions II组（名词的词性转换）： 1. Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ______(strategy) placement of the pieces,...（2025年新高考I卷） 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：涂说，黑白作品之间的平衡，作品的战略布局之美，以及每一个动作之后的能量流动，激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成图片和丝网印刷。名词placement前需用形容词修饰，故填strategic/strategical。 2. The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ______（function）structure that is also beautiful.（2024新课标I卷） 【解析】考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。此处修饰名词 structure，应用形容词作定语 functional。故填functional。 3. Xiao long bao（soup dumplings）, those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot , ______（taste）soup and sweet, fresh meat , are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.（2023新课标I卷） 【解析】考查形容词。句意：小笼包（汤包），那些令人惊叹的精致的饺子皮的构造，包括热的、美味的汤和甜的、新鲜的肉，绝对是我最喜欢的中国街头食品。设空处需要用taste（味道）的形容词tasty（美味的）修饰名词soup（汤）。故答案为tasty。 4. Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ______（confidence）speaking English. （2023新课标II卷） 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：自 2017 年 6 月起，就在两只新熊猫（孟孟和娇晴）到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员提高用英语交流的舒适度和自信心。根据空格前的more comfortable可知，and连接两个并列的形容词，因此应填confident。 5. ______（difference）from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. （2023全国甲卷） 【解析】 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from“与……不同”，此处用形容词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Different。 6. Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _____（meaning）.（2022甲卷） 【解析】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 7. I told him how ______（harm）plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. （2021新高考II卷） 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我向他说明了塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑采用更环保的替代品。how修饰形容词或副词，再根据how引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词could be可知，此处用harm的形容词。故填harmful。 8. Provide ______（finance）aid and other benefits for local peoples. （2021全国乙卷） 【解析】考查形容词。句意：为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。空前为动词，空后为名词，故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词aid。因此应使用finance的形容词形式financial。故填financial。 9. We stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ______（day） routines. （2021全国甲卷） 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我们在不同的城门和瞭望塔处停留，拍照留念，或者只是观察当地居民的日常生活。此处表示 "观察当地人的日常生活" ，修饰routines, 故用形容词，故填daily。 10. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ______（wealth）people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. （2020新高考I卷） 考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。 11. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop ______（education）computer programs for children in preschool. （2020新高考II卷） 【解析】考查形容词。句意：与此同时，电脑游戏的受欢迎程度也在不断提高，因为各大出版公司继续为幼儿园的孩子开发教育类电脑游戏。空后computer programs是名词，由形容词修饰，education的形容词为educational。故填educational。 【答案】1—5 strategic/strategical functional tasty confident Different 6—11 meaningful harmful financial daily wealthy educational III组（名词的所有格） 1. “He saved my ______（son）life,” said Mrs. Brown. （2022新高考II卷） 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。 2. It is calculated by dividing a ______（person）weight in kg by their height in meters squared , and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. （2021浙江卷1月） 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，要用 person的名词全部格person's。故填person's。 【答案】son’s person’s 五. 优秀模拟试题之语法填空精选 1 On keeping a Diary in English Keeping a diary in English is one of the __1__ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability. __2__ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes __3__（little）time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. __4__ we persist in this practice, __5__（gradual）we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many difficulties. In the first place, __6__ often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly. As far as I am concerned, my __7__ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary __8__ easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is __9__ great use to keep a diary in English for the ____（develop）of our writing skills. 【答案】1. effective 2. Compared 3. less 4. If 5. gradually 6. it 7. suggestion 8. within 9. of 10. development 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述用英语写日记的好处。 考查形容词。句意：用英语记日记是提高我们写作能力的有效方法之一。此处在句中作定语，修饰中心词ways，因此用形容词。故填effective。 考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他形式的写作相比，日记更短，花费的时间更少。此处在句中作状语，且compare与句子主语it之间是逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词，表被动；此处位于句首，因此首字母要大写。故填Compared。 考查形容词比较级。句意：与其他形式的写作相比，日记更短，花费的时间更少。根据句意以及句中shorter and 可知and之后要用形容词的比较级构成并列结构，time是不可数名词，应用形容词little的比较级less修饰。故填less。 考查从属连词。句意：如果我们坚持这种做法，渐渐就学会怎样用英语表达自己。此句用if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，而且在句首，首字母应大写。故填If。 考查副词。句意：如果我们坚持这种做法，渐渐就学会怎样用英语表达自己。反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。副词修饰主语中的动词learn。故填gradually。 考查形式主语。句意：首先，我们常常很难找到合适的词语来表达我们的思想。此处代替句中的主语从句that we have trouble finding proper words and phrases to give expression to our mind，因此用形式主语it。It happens that...意为“碰巧……”。故填it。 考查名词。句意：就我而言，我的建议是我们应该随时准备一本笔记本和一本汉英词典。空前my是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，suggest的名词是suggestion，再根据谓语动词is，用单数名词。故填suggestion。 考查介词。句意：就我而言，我的建议是我们应该随时准备一本笔记本和一本汉英词典。固定短语：within easy reach“容易够得着，近在咫尺”。故填within。 考查固定搭配中的介词。句意：总之，我相信用英语写日记对提高我们的写作能力是很有用的。be of +抽象名词，表示人或物的特征；be of great use= be very useful意为“是很有用的”。故填of。 考查词性转换。句意：总之，我相信用英语写日记对提高我们的写作能力是很有用的。分析句子结构the ____（develop）of 可知，此处用develop的名词形式development。故填development。 2  New Year’s Eve is the last day of the year. It is always an exciting time because people look forward to __1__ (welcome) a new year. It is also a good time to think back and say goodbye to the old year. New Year’s Eve is a __2__ (nation) holiday for many people around the world. In a lot of countries , people go back to their hometown for the New Year, so usually the trains and buses __3__ (pack) with people. In England, there is always a New Year’s Eve party, __4__ is usually held at someone’s home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors. The living room becomes a mini disco as everyone dances ___5__ loud music. I have lots of good ___6__ (memory) of New Year’s Eve . I once spent one freezing New Year’s Eve in Trafalgar Square in the center of London. It snowed and was ___7__ (bitter) cold . I also spent many wonderful New Year’s Eves in Japan. There, it is a tradition __8__(visit) a shrine(圣坛)and pray for good things. I think wherever you are, New Year’s Eve is always ___9__ exciting day. Maybe the last way to welcome the New Year ___10__ (be)watching amazing fireworks displays in the world’s cities. 【答案】1. welcoming；2. national；3. are packed；4. which；5. to；6. memories；7. bitterly；8. to visit；9. an；10. is 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了对世界各地的许多人来说，除夕是国家的假日。作者回忆了除夕的许多美好记忆。 考查非谓语动词。句意：这总是一个令人兴奋的时刻，因为人们期待着迎接新的一年。固定短语：look forward to“期待”，其中to是介词，后面接v+ing形式。故填welcoming。 考查形容词。句意：对世界各地的许多人来说，除夕是国家的假日。空后holiday是名词，由形容词修饰。故填national。 考查时态和语态。句意：在很多国家，人们会回老家过年，所以通常火车和公共汽车上都挤满了人。此处描述经常或反复发生的动作，用一般现在时，且the trains and buses和pack之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数。故填are packed。 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在英国，人们通常在某人家里举行新年晚会，邀请朋友、家人和邻居。分析句子结构a New Year’s Eve party, __4__ is usually held at someone’s home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a New Year's Eve party，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 考查固定短语。句意：客厅变成了一个迷你迪斯科舞厅，每个人都随着响亮的音乐跳舞。dance to随着…起舞，该短语是固定短语，所以填to。 考查名词单复数。句意：我对除夕有很多美好的回忆。“美好的回忆“是复数意义，用名词复数，所以填memories。 考查副词。句意：天下着雪，冷得刺骨。修饰形容词cold,用副词，所以填bitterly。 考查不定式。句意：在那里，参拜神社并祈求好运是一种传统。不定式作主语，一般用it作形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置，所以填to visit。 考查冠词。句意：我想无论你在哪里，除夕总是一个令人兴奋的日子。泛指“一个令人兴奋的日子”，exciting的首字母发音是元音，所以填不定冠词an。 考查时态。句意：也许迎接新年的最后一种方式是在世界各地的城市观看令人惊叹的烟花表演。描述经常或反复发生的动作，用一般现在时，主语是单数名词短语，所以填is。 3 With the development of modem technology, people can stay ________ (connect) with their families and friends easily, however far apart they are from each other. WeChat is one of the most ________ (frequent) used means of communication in China. It is reported that the number of the WeChat users ________ (reach) over 1.1billion so far. Once joining the WeChat, people can find more and more people start to add them ________ friends. They don't have to consider time ________ (zone) when communicating. Another reason why ifs so popular is that it costs nothing. It's also very convenient for people to immediately update ________ they are doing by WeChat. However, addiction to WeChat will rob people of the time that should otherwise ________ (spend) on something more important. And the many so-called friends on it are not really friends at all, who simply want ________ (put) ads or sell items on Moments. Besides, people on the Wechat are more likely to compare ________ (they) with others, which will make them feel bad when finding some people seem to be ________ (success). 【答案】 1. connected；2. frequently；3. has reached；4. as；5. zones；6. what；7. be spent；8. to put；9. themselves；10. (more) successful 【解析】 1. 考查过去分词。句意：随着现代科技的发展，人们可以很容易地与家人和朋友保持联系，无论他们彼此相距多远。此处stay是连系动词，意为“处于……状态”，相当于be动词，后面用过去分词作表语。故填connected。 2. 考查副词。句意：微信是中国最常用的通讯方式之一。副词修饰过去分词used。故填frequently。 3. 考查现在完成时。句意：据报道，目前微信的用户数量已经超过11亿。根据so far可知，设空处用现在完成时，且the number of the WeChat users“.…..的数量”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has reached。 4. 考查介词。句意：一旦加入微信，人们会发现越来越多的人开始加他们为朋友。add……as……意为“把……当作……”。故填as。 5. 考查名词复数。句意：他们在交流时不需要考虑时区。句中zone是可数名词，前面没有限制词，所以用名词复数。故填zones。 6. 考查宾语从句。句意：它也非常方便人们通过微信立即更新他们正在做的事情。动词 update后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句谓语动词没有宾语，所填连接词其双重作用。故填what。 7. 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，沉迷于微信会剥夺人们本该花在更重要的事情上的时间。此处the time作先行词，that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，且the time和从句谓语动词spend之间是被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态，其中should已经给出。故填be spent。 8. 考查动词不定式。句意：许多所谓的朋友其实根本不是朋友，他们只是想在朋友圈放广告或卖东西。动词want后面用动词不定式作宾语。故填to put。 9. 考查反身代词。句意：此外，在微信的人更有可能拿自己和别人比较，当发现一些人似乎是成功的时候，这将使他们感觉不好。此处指“他们自己与别人比较”，所以用they的反身代词。故填themselves。 10. 考查形容词。句意：此外，在微信的人更有可能拿自己和别人比较，这将使他们感觉不好，当发现一些人似乎是成功的。be动词后面用形容词或形容词比较级。故填(more) successful。 4  As kids reach adolescence, they often face increasing workloads and responsibilities but school still starts early. As a result, it __1__ (report) that 80 to 90 percent of teens don’t get enough sleep. This sleep ___2__ (lose) causes kids to suffer mentally and physically. But too much sleep also has its problems. According to Andrew Fuligni, a sleep doctor in a famous hospital, __3___ studies the mental health of adolescents, sleeping less than eight hours ___4__ more, than ten can make teenagers fed worse the next day. ___5__ (help) teens get enough sleep, some schools have already made school start later. They have found that the later times let kids sleep more. They also have seen ___6__ (high) test scores and better graduation rates. However, this isn’t enough. Meanwhile, teenagers have to help ___7__ (they). Fuligni suggests teens sleep for 10 hours each night for a week or two. This will help them figure ___8__ how much sleep they require to fed their best. However, sleeping more on weekends ___9__（be） not a good idea to compensate for missing sleep during the week. Fuligni warns that getting different ___10__（amount）of sleep each, night can be had for mental health.    【答案】1.is reported；2. loss；3. who；4. or；5. To help；6. higher；7. themselves；8. out；9. Is；10.amounts  【解析】   【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍的是关于青少年的睡眠问题。睡眠在青少年的成长中很重要。随着孩子们进入青春期，他们经常面临越来越多的工作负担和责任，但学校仍然很早就开始上课。结果是，有 80% 到 90% 的青少年没有得到足够的睡眠。 1. 考查被动语态。结果是，有 80% 到 90% 的青少年没有得到足够的睡眠。固定句式： It is reported that… ，据报道 …… ，it做形式主语，与report为被动关系，且句子为一般现在时。故答案为 is reported。 2. 考查名词。这种睡眠不足会让孩子们在精神上和身体上遭受痛苦。句子缺少主语，所以此处应该用名词形式做主语，故答案为 loss 。 3.  考查定语从句。此处 a sleep doctor 是先行词，指人，后面的非限制性定语从句缺少主语，所以关系代词为who。故答案为 who。 4. 考查连词。句意：一家著名医院的睡眠医生，他研究青少年的心理健康，睡眠时间少于 8 小时甚至超过 10 小时，这可能会让青少年第二天的情况变得更糟。 or more 或更多，故答案为 or。 5. 考查动词不定式。句意：为了帮助青少年获得充足的睡眠，一些学校已经开始了学校的开学，帮助青少年获得充足的睡眠，一些学校已经在晚些时候开始上课。此处是动词不定式做目的状语。故答案为 To help。 6. 考查比较级。句意：他们也看到了更高的考试成绩和更好的毕业率。根据后面的 better， 可知此空用比较级，故答案为 higher。 7. 考查不定代词。句意：与此同时，青少年不得不帮助他们自己。主语与宾语为同一个人时，宾语用反身代词。本句主语为teenagers,所以宾语为 themselves 。故答案为 themselves。 8.  考查固定词组。句意：这将帮助他们计算出他们需要多少睡眠才使他们得到最好的睡眠。 figure out 明白，理解，计算出，符合句意。故答案为 out。 9. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：为了弥补一周的睡眠不足在周末睡得更多不是一个好主意。此处是动名词短语做主语，文章讲的是日常情况，所以句子用一般现在时态，故答案为 is。 10. 考查名词复数。large amounts of+ 不可数名词， 谓语动词用复数。本句修饰amounts的是 different 。故答案为 amounts。 5 Have you ever been upset about __1__ (you) when you forget something important? Maybe you think you have a bad memory. Do you know your memory can ___2___ (develop) ? Here are some ways for you to have a try. Be positive (积极的). Do not tell yourself your memory is bad, or your mind will believe it and you won't remember things ___3___ (easy). If you think you can, then you can. Relax yourself. People are too nervous ___4___ (remember) things well. ___5___ (relax) will help you a lot. Take deep breaths, and you can remember things without ____6___ (difficult). Think more. Things ___7___ you know may help you remember something new. For example, when you remember the word “headline”, think of the old words “head” and “line”, and it will help you remember quickly. Do more practice. Like your body, memory can be improved through exercise. The more times you practice, the ____8___ (much) easily you will memorize something. Eat healthy food. Junk food is harmful to your health, but ___9___ (eat) properly can improve your memory. It is reported that fish is good ___10___ improving memory, so make up your mind to eat more fish from now on. 【答案】1. yourself；2. be developed；3. easily；4. to remember；5. relaxation；6. difficulty；7. that/which；8. more；9. eating；10. for 【解析】 考查反身代词。句意：当你忘记重要的事情时，你是否曾经为自己感到难过？此处表示“对自己难过”，所以用反身代词。故填yourself。 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：你知道你的记忆力是可以提高的吗？情态动词后跟动词原形，主语memory和develop之间是被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态。故填be developed。 考查副词。句意：不要告诉自己你的记忆力不好，否则你的大脑会相信它，你就不容易记住事情了。此处是副词修饰动词。故填easily。 考查动词不定式。句意：人们太紧张了，记不住事情。固定搭配：too...to do, 意思是“太……而不能……”，是动词不定式作结果状语。故填to remember。 考查名词。句意：放松会对你有很大帮助。此处是名词作主语，relax的名词是relaxation，位于句首，大写开头。故填 relaxation。 考查名词。句意：深呼吸，你就能毫不费力地记住事情了。介词without后用名词或动名词作宾语，形容词difficult的名词是difficulty。故填difficulty。 考查定语从句。句意：你知道的事情可能会帮助你记住新的东西。此处Things是先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺少宾语，由关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 考查比较级。句意：练习的次数越多，你就越容易记住一些东西。The +比较级，the +比较级，表示“越……，越……”，副词easily的比较级是more easily。故填more。 考查动名词。句意：垃圾食品对你的健康有害，但合理饮食可以提高你的记忆力。此处是动名词作主语。故填eating。 考查介词。句意：据报道，鱼对提高记忆力有好处，所以从现在开始，下定决心多吃鱼。固定短语：be good for“对……有好处”。故填for。 6 When you read a book, you’ve probably noticed that a brand new book has a rather special smell, ____1____ differs from that of an older book. Where does____2____ come from? Three sources — the paper, the ink and the glue. 8 Around 200 AD, the Chinese first came up with paper, one of the greatest ____3____ (invent) in the world. It is made ____4____ wood. The wood must be processed with various chemicals ____5____ (add) to change its structure, to remove acid and to whiten the paper. Then comes the ink — there are many kinds. Some fade with time, while others get ____6____ (dark) than years ago. Finally, different glues are used to join the sheets together and attach the covers, whether hardcover ____7____ paperback. Therefore, you can smell different chemicals ____8____ (come) out of your new book. Today, the forms of books ____9____ (change) dramatically since the birth of eBooks. They might be ____10____ (convenience), but you can’t give your copy to others as a present, and they don’t smell as nice. 【答案】 which 2. it/that 3. inventions 4. from 5. added 6. darker 7. or 8. coming 9. have changed /have been changing 10. Convenient 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当你读一本书的时候，你可能已经注意到一本全新的书有一种特别的味道，这与一本旧书不同。分析可知，____1____ differs from that of an older book 应是之前名词special smell的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2. 考查代词的用法。句意：它来自哪里? 分析可知，设空应是本句主语，且无提示词应用代词指代前文提及的special smell，人称代词it和指示代词that均可用来指代前文提及的事物。故填it/that。 3. 考查名词复数。句意：大约公元200年，中国人首先发明了纸，这是世界上最伟大的发明之一。分析可知，one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数。故填inventions。 4. 考查介词。句意：它是由木材制成的。分析可知，be made from，“由…制成”（看不出原材料）。故填from。 5. 考查过去分词。句意：木材在加工过程中必须加入各种化学物质以改变其结构、去除酸性并使纸张变白。t分析可知，所填空应是with复合结构：with sth/sb+v-ing/done。动词add与之前名词之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填added。 6. 考查比较级。句意：有些会随着时间的流逝而褪色，而有些则会比几年前更暗。根据空后的比较连词than可知，此空应用比较级形式。故填darker。 7. 考查并列连词。句意：最后，用不同的胶水把床单粘在一起，把封面粘在一起，无论是精装本还是平装本。分析可知，whether…or，固定结构，“是…还是…，不管…还是”。故填or。 8. 考查现在分词。句意：因此，你可以从你的新书中闻到不同的化学物质。分析可知，所填空应是非谓语，与之前名词之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填coming。 9. 考查动词时态。句意：今天，自从电子书诞生以来，书籍的形式发生了巨大的变化。根据句中时间状语since the birth of eBooks，可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have changed /have been changing。 10. 考查形容词。句意：它们可能很方便，但是你不能把你的副本作为礼物送给别人，而且它们闻起来也不那么好。be之后应是形容词作表语，所给词convenience为名词，意为“方便”，其形容词为convenient，“方便的；便利的”。故填convenient。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年高二暑假作业——语法填空提分亮点之名词08 一. 名词：名词分可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词分单数和复数。不可数名词没有复数形式。 1. 单数可数名词前加a/an，表示“一”； 2. 单数可数名词变成复数的规则： (1) 一般在名词后加a，变成复数。 (2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es。 (3) 以o结尾的名词，一般有生命的加es，常见的有：tomato、potato、hero等；无生命的加s，常见的有：pianos、photos、radios、studios等。 (4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，把y变成i，再加es；以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s。如：babies，monkeys，toys。 (5) 以f、fe结尾的名词，把f、fe变成v再加es。如：knife—knives。不规则变化：man—men；woman——women；child—children；foot——feet；tooth—teeth；human（人）—humans；German（德国人）—Germans；Roman（罗马人）—Romans；ox（公牛）—oxen 温馨提示：a man/woman doctor—ten men/women doctors；a boy/girl student—ten boy students；passer-by(过路人)—passers-by；grown-up(成年人)—grown-ups；stomach(胃)—stomachs；roof（屋顶）—roofs。 3. 不可数名词：无复数形式，作主语，后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：The food is delicious. 4. 名词单、复数的用法 (1)名词位于并列结构中用复数的情况： They teach you how to deal with problems in your life, for example, how to get on well with your classmates or friends. (2)名词如果是单数可数名词，原则上不可以单独使用。若所给名词为可数名词， 前面没有必要的限定词（如冠词、物主代词、指示代词等）修饰，则该名词需要用复数形式。如：Mike’s always good at coming up with new ideas. (3)名词后接举例或展开说明文字的情况：若所给名词为可数名词， 后接了such as…, for example…, like…或破折号等内容，则该名词需要用复数形式。如：Things like glass, paper, and plastic can all be recycled.玻璃、纸张、塑料之类的东西都可以回收利用。 【跟踪练习】 1. A code uses symbols to replace words, _______（phrase）, or sentences. 2. It is possible to combine Computer Science with other ______ （subject），for example Physics and Mathematics. 3. Each of these systems has its _______（advantage）and disadvantages. 4. That sum of money is to cover _______（cost）such as travel and accommodation. 5. ______ （visitor）should wait in the reception area. 6. Some of them have been out of work for ______ （year）. (4)结合主谓一致（即主语与谓语动词的一致）、主表一致（即主语与表语的一致）、名代一致（即名词与相应代词的一致）等，变名词复数。如： Our offices are on the same floor. 我们的办公室在同一层楼。 Maths and physics are my favourite subjects. 数学和物理是我最喜欢的学科。 The children did the washing by themselves. 孩子们自己洗衣服。 【跟踪练习】 1. The beautiful ______ （beach）are the island’s main attraction. 2. It is food and water that the ______（patient）need most. 3. Summer and autumn are her favorite ______（season）. 4. I would like to express my thanks to my ______（friend）for their support. (5) 名词前有基数词类限定词：two, three等、many类限定词：both, few, a great number of 等、指示代词类限定词：主要包括these和those等，名词用复数形式。 【跟踪练习】 1. Take this medicine three _____（time）a day. 2. Not all ______ （insect）can fly. 3. In the park there are many ______ （animal）, including some _____（monkey）. 4. Victoria is one of London’s busiest ______（station）. 5. They lent large sums of money to these ______（company）. 二. 名词的词性转换 1. 名词转换为形容词作定语：当一个名词用于另一个名词前作定语时，通常应将该名词转换为其形容词形式。 You had a ______（luck）escape. Tigers are ______（danger）animals. I don’t think it is a ______（reason）explanation. 【跟踪练习】 1. You should wear loose, ______（comfort）clothing when doing exercise. 2. The hotel’s rooms are built around a ______（centre）courtyard. 3. It’s an absolutely _____（craze）idea. 4. We have seen the most important ______（science）development of the century. 5. Many things in ______（day）use are made out of plastic. 6. Those fields were full of _____（noise）children running around. 2. 名词转换为形容词作表语：当名词用于系动词（尤其是be，还有become，get, look, smell, taste, sound, seem, appear, stay,remain, grow等其他联系动词）后作表语时，原则上应用名词的形容词形式作表语。如：These flowers smell very wonderful. 这些话问起来很香。 【跟踪练习】 1. It is ______（nature）for parents to worry about their children. 2. Both dresses are _____（beauty）. I don’t know which one to choose. 3. He enjoyed working there —— everyone was ______（friend）. 4. The warmth from the fire made her feel ______（sleep）. 5. They seemed ______（wealth）but in fact they weren’t. 3. 名词转换为形容词用于其他结构 (1)名词转换为形容词作补语：动词（believe, consider, find, keep, leave, make, think等）+宾语+宾语补足语（形容词）。如： Her behavior made me rather ______（puzzle）. Fruits and vegetables can keep you _____(health). (2)名词转换为形容词作状语：形容词或形容词短语作状语时，一般用逗号将它与句子的其余部分隔开。这种状语一般位于句首或句末，意义上相当于一个状语从句。 He came back home, tired and ______（hunger）. ______（surprise）at the results, he returned to work in a hurry. 【跟踪练习】 1. I think the performance very ______（success）. 2. The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and _____（shock）. 3. Consider yourself ______（fortune）you weren’t fired. 4. ______（talent）in English study, she often asks me some questions. (3)结合关键词，名词转换为形容词： a. more和most后接形容词构成比较级和最高级。b. 不定代词something等后面用形容词最后置定语。 【跟踪练习】 1. This painting, painted by Van Gogh, must be very ______（value）. 2. He tasted the soup and found it was too ______（salt）. 3. A short nap can be enough to make you feel more _____（energy）in the afternoon. 4. “Do you want to see anything ______（hope）?”Mary asked happily. 三. 名词的所有格 名词的所有格表示所属关系，修饰另一名词。1. 在名词末尾加’s构成所有格。2. 由“名词（部分）+of+名词（整体）”构成所有格。3. 双重所有格，即将’s所有格（包括名词性物主代词）与of所有格结合起来构成的所有格。He is a friend of mine.他是我的一位朋友。 【跟踪练习】 1. The list is up-to-date now that we’ve added the new ______（member）names. 2. If everything goes well, we’ll be able to finish the task in two ______（week）time. 3. A ______（teacher）praise has great effect on his students. 4. We need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our ______（friend）expectations. 四. 高考真题体验 I组（名词单数变复数）： 1. These plants included modern ______（favourite）such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. （2024新课标I卷） 2. Although they could never have met, there are common ______（theme）in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.（2024新II卷） 3. They are ______（treasure）of American heritage（遗产）. （2024全国甲卷） 4. They also need to be ready to give ______（interview）in English with international journalists.（2023新课标II卷） 5. But for all its ancient buildings , Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural _____（wonder）standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. （2023全国乙卷） 6. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______（population）and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.（2022新高考I卷） 7. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ______（human）are. （2021新高考I卷） 8. ______（activity）there range from whale watching to hiking（远足）and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. （2021全国乙卷） 9. We stopped at the different gates and ______（watchtower）to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines. （2021全国甲卷） 10. Also, technological know-how has become a requirement for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most ______（profession）.（2020新高考II卷） II组（名词的词性转换）： 1. Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ______(strategy) placement of the pieces,...（2025年新高考I卷） 2. The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ______（function）structure that is also beautiful.（2024新课标I卷） 3. Xiao long bao（soup dumplings）, those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot , ______（taste）soup and sweet, fresh meat , are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.（2023新课标I卷） 4. Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ______（confidence）speaking English. （2023新课标II卷） 5. ______（difference）from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. （2023全国甲卷） 6. Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _____（meaning）.（2022甲卷） 7. I told him how ______（harm）plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. （2021新高考II卷） 8. Provide ______（finance）aid and other benefits for local peoples. （2021全国乙卷） 9. We stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ______（day） routines. （2021全国甲卷） 10. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ______（wealth）people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. （2020新高考I卷） 11. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop ______（education）computer programs for children in preschool. （2020新高考II卷） III组（名词的所有格） “He saved my ______（son）life,” said Mrs. Brown. （2022新高考II卷） 2. It is calculated by dividing a ______（person）weight in kg by their height in meters squared , and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. （2021浙江卷1月） 【答案】son’s person’s 五. 优秀模拟试题之语法填空精选 1 On keeping a Diary in English Keeping a diary in English is one of the __1__ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability. __2__ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes __3__（little）time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. __4__ we persist in this practice, __5__（gradual）we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many difficulties. In the first place, __6__ often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly. As far as I am concerned, my __7__ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary __8__ easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is __9__ great use to keep a diary in English for the ____（develop）of our writing skills. 2  New Year’s Eve is the last day of the year. It is always an exciting time because people look forward to __1__ (welcome) a new year. It is also a good time to think back and say goodbye to the old year. New Year’s Eve is a __2__ (nation) holiday for many people around the world. In a lot of countries , people go back to their hometown for the New Year, so usually the trains and buses __3__ (pack) with people. In England, there is always a New Year’s Eve party, __4__ is usually held at someone’s home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors. The living room becomes a mini disco as everyone dances ___5__ loud music. I have lots of good ___6__ (memory) of New Year’s Eve . I once spent one freezing New Year’s Eve in Trafalgar Square in the center of London. It snowed and was ___7__ (bitter) cold . I also spent many wonderful New Year’s Eves in Japan. There, it is a tradition __8__(visit) a shrine(圣坛)and pray for good things. I think wherever you are, New Year’s Eve is always ___9__ exciting day. Maybe the last way to welcome the New Year ___10__ (be)watching amazing fireworks displays in the world’s cities. 3 With the development of modem technology, people can stay ________ (connect) with their families and friends easily, however far apart they are from each other. WeChat is one of the most ________ (frequent) used means of communication in China. It is reported that the number of the WeChat users ________ (reach) over 1.1billion so far. Once joining the WeChat, people can find more and more people start to add them ________ friends. They don't have to consider time ________ (zone) when communicating. Another reason why ifs so popular is that it costs nothing. It's also very convenient for people to immediately update ________ they are doing by WeChat. However, addiction to WeChat will rob people of the time that should otherwise ________ (spend) on something more important. And the many so-called friends on it are not really friends at all, who simply want ________ (put) ads or sell items on Moments. Besides, people on the Wechat are more likely to compare ________ (they) with others, which will make them feel bad when finding some people seem to be ________ (success). 4  As kids reach adolescence, they often face increasing workloads and responsibilities but school still starts early. As a result, it __1__ (report) that 80 to 90 percent of teens don’t get enough sleep. This sleep ___2__ (lose) causes kids to suffer mentally and physically. But too much sleep also has its problems. According to Andrew Fuligni, a sleep doctor in a famous hospital, __3___ studies the mental health of adolescents, sleeping less than eight hours ___4__ more, than ten can make teenagers fed worse the next day. ___5__ (help) teens get enough sleep, some schools have already made school start later. They have found that the later times let kids sleep more. They also have seen ___6__ (high) test scores and better graduation rates. However, this isn’t enough. Meanwhile, teenagers have to help ___7__ (they). Fuligni suggests teens sleep for 10 hours each night for a week or two. This will help them figure ___8__ how much sleep they require to fed their best. However, sleeping more on weekends ___9__（be） not a good idea to compensate for missing sleep during the week. Fuligni warns that getting different ___10__（amount）of sleep each, night can be had for mental health.    5 Have you ever been upset about __1__ (you) when you forget something important? Maybe you think you have a bad memory. Do you know your memory can ___2___ (develop) ? Here are some ways for you to have a try. Be positive (积极的). Do not tell yourself your memory is bad, or your mind will believe it and you won't remember things ___3___ (easy). If you think you can, then you can. Relax yourself. People are too nervous ___4___ (remember) things well. ___5___ (relax) will help you a lot. Take deep breaths, and you can remember things without ____6___ (difficult). Think more. Things ___7___ you know may help you remember something new. For example, when you remember the word “headline”, think of the old words “head” and “line”, and it will help you remember quickly. Do more practice. Like your body, memory can be improved through exercise. The more times you practice, the ____8___ (much) easily you will memorize something. Eat healthy food. Junk food is harmful to your health, but ___9___ (eat) properly can improve your memory. It is reported that fish is good ___10___ improving memory, so make up your mind to eat more fish from now on. 6 When you read a book, you’ve probably noticed that a brand new book has a rather special smell, ____1____ differs from that of an older book. Where does____2____ come from? Three sources — the paper, the ink and the glue. 8 Around 200 AD, the Chinese first came up with paper, one of the greatest ____3____ (invent) in the world. It is made ____4____ wood. The wood must be processed with various chemicals ____5____ (add) to change its structure, to remove acid and to whiten the paper. Then comes the ink — there are many kinds. Some fade with time, while others get ____6____ (dark) than years ago. Finally, different glues are used to join the sheets together and attach the covers, whether hardcover ____7____ paperback. Therefore, you can smell different chemicals ____8____ (come) out of your new book. Today, the forms of books ____9____ (change) dramatically since the birth of eBooks. They might be ____10____ (convenience), but you can’t give your copy to others as a present, and they don’t smell as nice. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$