专题03 语法填空(定语从句和并列句）-2025年高二英语暑假作业（语法填空）

2025年高二暑假作业——语法填空提分亮点之定语从句和并列句03 一. 定语从句 1. 定语从句含义：在复合句中修饰某名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 (1) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 (2) 关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。关系词分关系代词和关系副词。 2. 关系代词引导的定语从句 (1) who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语。 (2) which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 (3) whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。 3. 关系副词引导的定语从句 (1) 关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 需要特别注意：a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。b. 先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 (2) the way后面的定语从句的关系词。 在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句放在先行词后面，起修饰、限制作用，翻译成汉语时，译为一个句子；非限制性定语从句的先行词与定语从句用逗号隔开，起补充、说明作用，翻译成汉语时，译为两个句子。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 5. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 (1) “介词＋关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物) 和whose三个。 (2) “复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 (3) “of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) 6. as引导的定语从句 (1) as引导的限制性定语从句，常用于下列结构：such...as...；so...as...；the same...as...；as...as...。特别注意：the same...as...表示同类，但不同物；the same...that...表示同一个。 (2) as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。as引导的非限制性定语从句，常用于下列结构：as we know/as is known to all(总所周知)；as we all can see(正如我们都看到的)；as has been said above(正如上面所说的)；as is often the case(就像平常一样)；as is reported(正如被报道的)；as is said(据说)等。 7. 定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：（2022年的新高考卷I语法填空） The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ____59___ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (2)“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 8. 只用that引导定语从句 （1） 先行词是all，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时。例如：Finally，the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.（最后，小偷把他偷的所有东西都交给了警察。） （2） 先行词被all，any，no，every，few，little，many，much等不定代词修饰时。例如：I have finished reading all the books that I borrowed from the library. （我己经看完了所有从图书馆借来的书。） （3） 先行词被序数词修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。例如：The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper”by Mark Twain.（我读的第一本英文书是马克·吐温的《王子与乞丐》。） （4） 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。例如：This is the most beautiful park that I have ever visited.（这是我参观过的最美丽的公园。） （5） 先行词中既有人又有物时。例如：He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.（他谈到了他参观过的老师和学校。） （6） the way作先行词，且在定语从句中作状语时，用that/in which或省略关系词。例如：This is the way that my father did this work.（这是我父亲做这件工作的方法。） （7） 先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时。例如：He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.（他就是那个把女孩从水里救出来的人。） （8） 关系代词作表语时。例如：He is not the man that he used to be.（他不再是过去的那个人了。） （9） 当主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that。例如：Who is the person that is standing at the gate?（站在门口的那个人是谁?） 9. 只用which引导定语从句 （1） 先行词指物，定语从句是非限制性定语从句时。例如：The problem，which was discussed yesterday，has been solved.（昨天讨论的那个问题已经解决了。） （2） 关系代词作介词的宾语，且介词在关系代词前面时。例如：She’s got a part-time job for which she earns 2,000 yuan a month.（她找到了一份每月能挣2000元的兼职工作。） （3） 前面整个句子作先行词时，后面的非限制性定语从句由which引导。（which代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念）。例如：The boy lost his new bike，which made him upset.（这个男孩丢了他的新自行车，这使他很心烦。） 【跟踪练习】 1. Do you know the boy ____ is standing there? 2. Can you tell me the office _____he works? 3. This is the scientist _____ achivements are well-known. 4. The noodles _____ I cooked were delicious. 5. This is Mr. White, _____ I think has something iteresting to tell you. 6. His interest started a few years ago, _____ he has in college and studying wildlife science. 7. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _____ is named after his grandfather. 8. All the neighbors admired this family, _____ the parents are treating their child like afriend. 二. 并列连词 1. 常用的并列连词有and，but和or，通常连接的是两个完整的句子，解题关键要看两个句子之间的关系。基本考点：（1）顺接关系用and；（2）转折关系用but；（3）选择关系用or。并列连词也可以连接两个或两个以上同类的内容，包括单词、短语等。例如：It is a small but valuable box.（它是一个小但有价值的盒子。）or除了表示选择关系之外，还可以表示“否则”，以及否定句中的“和”。例如：Hurry up, or you will miss the first bus.（快点，否则你将错过第一班公共汽车。） 2. 并列连词的固定搭配：whether...or...“无论……，还是……”；whether...or not“是……或者不是”；not...but...“不是……而是……”；both...and...“两个都……”；not only...but also...“不但……而且”(其中only也可用just/merely替代，also也可以省略)；neither...nor...“既不……也不……”；either...or...“要么……要么……”。 【跟踪练习】 1. She felt cold, tired _____ thirsty. 2. Tonight they will both sing _____ dance. 3. He hoped that joining the Houston Rockets was a new start _____ a new challenge. 4. Both his mother _____ his father will be there. 5. He lied to the court not just once, _____ on several occasions. 6. They wanted to charge $5000 for the car, ______ we managed to bring the price down. 7. Shall we go out to the cinema _____ stay at home? 8. Well, I think she’s either Russian ______ polish. 9. They worked neither for fame ______ for personal gain. 10. You may go ______ stay , according as you decide. 五. 高考真题体验 I组(定语从句引导词) 1. The Glasshouse stands ___63__ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the souithwestern part of China at the end of a path retracting (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ___64__ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ___65__(rich) of gardening in England. (2024新课标I卷) 2. Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. (2024新课标II卷) 3. Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrange-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (2024全国甲卷) 4. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. (2023全国乙卷) 5. Yet，the form of the fable still has values today, ______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable begins, borrowing for Tomorrow.” (2023全国甲卷) 6. “There was once a town in the heart of America, _____ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,”some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023全国甲卷) 8. On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provineces. (2022全国甲卷) 9.Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot  _____ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.(2020全国卷I) 10. In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike. (2020全国卷III) II组(并列连词的用法) 1. Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ___63___(strategy) placement of the pieces,  ___64___the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ___65___(digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. (2025年新高考I卷) 2. Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”(2024新课标II卷) 3. To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出)，______ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023新课标I卷) 4. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop _____ to see the pandas settle into their new home. (2023新课标II卷) 5. It is a distinct visual contrast(反差) that shouldn’t work, _____ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. (2023全国乙卷) 6. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting biological buffer zones, _____ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”.(2022新高考I卷) 7. He hung on for a few minutes ______ screamed for his father, but his father didn’t hear him. (2022新高考II卷) 8. The “First International Tea Day Road Cooperative Initiative”issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ______ cultural exchanges. (2022全国乙卷) 9. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _____ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs. (2021新高考I卷) 10. My bike was old and shaky _____ did the job. (2021全国甲卷) 11. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ______ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. (2020新高考I卷) 三. 优秀模拟试题之语法填空精选 1 Bats have long been one of the most frightening creatures in the animal kingdom. Many pop culture association with them are related to witches __1__ (put) evil curses on innocent individuals. ___2__these associations are complete misunderstandings, these flying mammals do have a dark side as a dangerous disease earner. They can cany a number of ___3__ (fate) diseases such as rabies and more recently Ebola. This has led many to wonder why we should care about them. However, there is no denying the fact __4__bats play a significant role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem. Up to now, many organic farmers __5__( learn) about the benefits of having bats nearby to help manage the amount of pests that show up without pesticides. One brown bat—about the size of a human thumb can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects with in __6__hour. The United States Geological Survey estimates that bats’ __7__ ( contribute) to pest management save the country at least 3. 7 billion dollars per year. __8__ them, we would be likely to experience a dramatic drop in food production. What’s more, bats are also of great importance to ___9___( various) of plant species that are preferential to its pollination. Otherwise, these plants would decrease their ability to reproduce by at least 50 percent. Therefore, we need them more than most of ___10___ (we) imagine. 2 According to media reports, China realized the goal of having a museum for every 250,000 residents during the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20) period. In fact, in places ___1___ Beijing, the Inner Mongolia autonomous region and Shaanxi province, the ratio (比率) is ___2___(apparent) more impressive: one museum for every 110,000-130,000 residents. Museums preserve and exhibit artifacts and other ___3___(value) historical and scientific objects, and therefore are a great source of learning, as well as entertainment. In 2020, museums in China ___4___(hold) over 29,000 exhibitions and 225,000 education activities, receiving 540 million visitors in person and over 100 million visitors online. Museums are now making use of new ___5__ (technology) such as big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence to better serve ___6___ (they) visitors. So far many museums ___7___ (develop) special products to increase their appeal. The Sanxingdui cultural relic site, for example, has come up with ice creams ___8___ (shape) like its famed golden and bronze facial masks. All these efforts are helping the domestic museum sector boom. ___9___ system to further improve cultural services has already been included in the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), ___10___ lists measures such as digitizing public museums and libraries. That means the museum sector has a brighter future ahead. 3 “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” This is a fitting quote for the 1946 novel All the King's Men. When Willie Stark becomes governor of Louisiana, US, his moral character ___1___ (challenge)by the issues he faces. Stark sees the bad shape that ___2___ (he) state is in and he will do anything ___3___ (make) change happen fast. Behind all the politics and corruption, All the King's Men ___4___ (write)by American author Robert Penn Warren is ___5___ (ultimate) a story about love. Every character in the novel is searching ___6___ love: love for the truth and the belief that it will set us free, love for the country ___7___ love for one another. We see love lead to secrets and betrayals, and love emerge from great struggles and ___8___ (tragedy):'Love is ___9___ connects us all and drives us to do the things we do. In this novel, Warren details how to find love in ___10___ corrupt society and how the act of loving helps to create the real you. 4 As a nature photographer, my favorite place to take photos is Yellowstone National Park, which is famous for the ___1___（various）of its wildlife but it is ___2___（probable）best known ___3___ its bears. Last spring in Yellowstone, I followed a path ___4___ took me through a dark forest. When I finally ___5____（step）out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. ___6___ eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which were reflected in the still lake below. While I was concentrating on ___7___（photograph）this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. Slowly and with the camera still held to my eye. I turned and froze. Only ___8____（meter）away from me was a bear. Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first. My legs started shaking. Somehow I forced my finger ___9____（press）the button. A second ___10____（late）, the bear turned and ran back into the forests. 5 For a long time bats ____1____(be) one of the most feared creatures in the animal kingdom. Many pop culture associations with them are____2____(relate) to vampire. Though these associations are complete misunderstandings, bats do have a dark side as a ____3____(danger) disease vector (传播媒介). So there is good reason to be exceptionally cautious if you come into contact with bats. However, the fact is____4____bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem. Many organic farmers have learned about the benefits of ____5____ (have) bats nearby to help manage the amount of pests that show up without pesticides. One brown bat - about ____6____size of a human thumb - can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects within an hour. They make for a fantastic, almost essential ____7____ (add) to pest management on any farm. Even large government organizations have realized the economic benefits of bats. The United States Geological Survey estimates that bat contributions____8____pest management save the country at____9____ (little) 3.7 billion dollars per year. Without them, we would likely experience a dramatic drop in food production, which would eventually make____10____(it) way into our weekly grocery bills. 6 Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the____1____(increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also____2____(help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century. One of the world's ____3____(large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could ____4____ (permanent) disappear. The rich collection of genes____5____ decide their qualities would disappear with them. Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say human____6____(activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land also are responsible. Modern business farming is responsible____7____loss of farmers' traditional crop varieties. The "Green Revolution" of the twentieth century changed agriculture. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from____8____(starve). Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops with the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals____9____(control) diseases and insects. Harvests grew larger and higher quality, ____10____ another result was that some traditional crops were lost. Damage to the environment over the past century makes people believe that crop diversity also suffered. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年高二暑假作业——语法填空提分亮点之定语从句和并列句03 一. 定语从句 1. 定语从句含义：在复合句中修饰某名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 (1) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 (2) 关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。关系词分关系代词和关系副词。 2. 关系代词引导的定语从句 (1) who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语。 (2) which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 (3) whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。 3. 关系副词引导的定语从句 (1) 关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 需要特别注意：a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。b. 先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 (2) the way后面的定语从句的关系词。 在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句放在先行词后面，起修饰、限制作用，翻译成汉语时，译为一个句子；非限制性定语从句的先行词与定语从句用逗号隔开，起补充、说明作用，翻译成汉语时，译为两个句子。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 5. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 (1) “介词＋关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物) 和whose三个。 (2) “复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 (3) “of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) 6. as引导的定语从句 (1) as引导的限制性定语从句，常用于下列结构：such...as...；so...as...；the same...as...；as...as...。特别注意：the same...as...表示同类，但不同物；the same...that...表示同一个。 (2) as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。as引导的非限制性定语从句，常用于下列结构：as we know/as is known to all(总所周知)；as we all can see(正如我们都看到的)；as has been said above(正如上面所说的)；as is often the case(就像平常一样)；as is reported(正如被报道的)；as is said(据说)等。 7. 定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：（2022年的新高考卷I语法填空） The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ____59___ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 58. 【答案】were 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个主管部门，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致。该句是that引导的定语从句，areas是先行词，复数形式，在后面的定语从句中作主语，再根据previously“以前地”可知，定语从句用一般过去时，be要与先行词areas保持一致，用复数形式were。故答案为were。 59. 【答案】to increase 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：该计划将保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个主管部门，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致。定语从句中be动词是谓语动词，那么设空处就是非谓语动词，是动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为to increase。 (2)“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 8. 只用that引导定语从句 （1） 先行词是all，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时。例如：Finally，the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.（最后，小偷把他偷的所有东西都交给了警察。） （2） 先行词被all，any，no，every，few，little，many，much等不定代词修饰时。例如：I have finished reading all the books that I borrowed from the library. （我己经看完了所有从图书馆借来的书。） （3） 先行词被序数词修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。例如：The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper”by Mark Twain.（我读的第一本英文书是马克·吐温的《王子与乞丐》。） （4） 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。例如：This is the most beautiful park that I have ever visited.（这是我参观过的最美丽的公园。） （5） 先行词中既有人又有物时。例如：He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.（他谈到了他参观过的老师和学校。） （6） the way作先行词，且在定语从句中作状语时，用that/in which或省略关系词。例如：This is the way that my father did this work.（这是我父亲做这件工作的方法。） （7） 先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时。例如：He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.（他就是那个把女孩从水里救出来的人。） （8） 关系代词作表语时。例如：He is not the man that he used to be.（他不再是过去的那个人了。） （9） 当主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that。例如：Who is the person that is standing at the gate?（站在门口的那个人是谁?） 9. 只用which引导定语从句 （1） 先行词指物，定语从句是非限制性定语从句时。例如：The problem，which was discussed yesterday，has been solved.（昨天讨论的那个问题已经解决了。） （2） 关系代词作介词的宾语，且介词在关系代词前面时。例如：She’s got a part-time job for which she earns 2,000 yuan a month.（她找到了一份每月能挣2000元的兼职工作。） （3） 前面整个句子作先行词时，后面的非限制性定语从句由which引导。（which代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念）。例如：The boy lost his new bike，which made him upset.（这个男孩丢了他的新自行车，这使他很心烦。） 【跟踪练习】 1. Do you know the boy ____ is standing there? 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：你认识站在那里的那个男孩吗？此处boy是先行词，指人，在定语从句中作主语，从句由关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 2. Can you tell me the office _____he works? 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：你能告诉我他工作的办公室位置吗？此处office作先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，从句由关系副词where引导。故填where。 3. This is the scientist _____ achivements are well-known. 【解析】考查whose引导的定语从句。句意：这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。此处scientist 是先行词，用其所有格形式作定语，修饰名词achivements，定语从句由关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 4. The noodles _____ I cooked were delicious. 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：我做的面条非常美味。此处 noodles 作先行词，指物，在从句中作谓语动词cooked的宾语，定语从句由关系大词that/which引导。故填that/which。 5. This is Mr. White, _____ I think has something iteresting to tell you. 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：这位是怀特先生，我觉得他有件有趣的事情要告诉你。句中I think是插入语，Mr. White是先行词，指人，在从句中作主语，从句由关系代词who引导。故填who。 6. His interest started a few years ago, _____ he has in college and studying wildlife science. 【解析】考查关系副词引导的定语从句。句意：他的兴趣始于几年前，当时他在大学里学习野生动物科学。a few years ago是先行词，在从句中作时间状语，从句由关系副词when引导。故填when。 7. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _____ is named after his grandfather. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：小时候，杰克在一所乡村学校上学，这所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。此处 school是先行词，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 8. All the neighbors admired this family, _____ the parents are treating their child like afriend. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：所有的邻居都对这个家庭赞赏有加，因为这对父母对待自己的孩子就像对待朋友一样。此处family是先行词，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，从句由关系副词where引导。故填where。 【答案】who/that where whose which/that who when which where 二. 并列连词 1. 常用的并列连词有and，but和or，通常连接的是两个完整的句子，解题关键要看两个句子之间的关系。基本考点：（1）顺接关系用and；（2）转折关系用but；（3）选择关系用or。并列连词也可以连接两个或两个以上同类的内容，包括单词、短语等。例如：It is a small but valuable box.（它是一个小但有价值的盒子。）or除了表示选择关系之外，还可以表示“否则”，以及否定句中的“和”。例如：Hurry up, or you will miss the first bus.（快点，否则你将错过第一班公共汽车。） 2. 并列连词的固定搭配：whether...or...“无论……，还是……”；whether...or not“是……或者不是”；not...but...“不是……而是……”；both...and...“两个都……”；not only...but also...“不但……而且”(其中only也可用just/merely替代，also也可以省略)；neither...nor...“既不……也不……”；either...or...“要么……要么……”。 【跟踪练习】 1. She felt cold, tired _____ thirsty. 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：她感到寒冷、疲倦和口渴。此处是并列的三个形容词作表语，最后一个和倒数第二个用and连接。故填and。 2. Tonight they will both sing _____ dance. 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：今晚他们将又唱歌又跳舞。固定搭配：both...and...“两个都……”。故填and。 3. He hoped that joining the Houston Rockets was a new start _____ a new challenge. 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：他希望加盟休斯顿火箭队是一个新的开始，也是一个新的挑战。此处指“新的开始和新的挑战”，是递进的并列关系。故填and。 4. Both his mother _____ his father will be there. 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他的母亲和父亲都会到场。固定搭配：both...and...“两个都……”。故填and。 5. He lied to the court not just once, _____ on several occasions. 【解析】考查转折连词。句意：他不止一次，而是多次向法庭撒了谎。前后是一种转折关系，not...but...“不是……，而是……”。故填but。 6. They wanted to charge $5000 for the car, ______ we managed to bring the price down. 【解析】考查转折连词。句意：他们原本想把这辆车的售价定为 5000 美元，但我们最终成功把价格降了下来。前后是一种转折关系。故填but。 7. Shall we go out to the cinema _____ stay at home? 【解析】考查选择连词。句意：我们是去电影院呢，还是待在家里呢？此处是一种选择关系。故填or。 8. Well, I think she’s either Russian ______ polish. 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：嗯，我觉得她要么是俄罗斯人，要么是波兰人。固定搭配：either...or...“要么……，要么……”。故填or。 9. They worked neither for fame ______ for personal gain. 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们工作既不是为了追求名声，也不是为了个人利益。固定搭配：neither...nor...“既不……也不……”。故填nor。 10. You may go ______ stay , according as you decide. 【解析】考查选择连词。句意：你可以选择离开或者留下，由你自己决定。根据后半句 according as you decide可知，此处表示“选择”关系。故填or。 【答案】and and and and but but or or nor or 五. 高考真题体验 I组(定语从句引导词) 1. The Glasshouse stands ___63__ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the souithwestern part of China at the end of a path retracting (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ___64__ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ___65__(rich) of gardening in England. (2024新课标I卷) 【解析】 63. 考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空前是stands，空后是名词词组a great achievement，根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 64. 考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，从句由关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 65. 考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用rich的名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 2. Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. (2024新课标II卷) 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：纪念被誉为“亚洲的莎士比亚”的汤显祖的中国文化元素，为莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福镇增添了国际色彩。空格处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是Tang Xianzu，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3. Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrange-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (2024全国甲卷) 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：黄石公园曾是美国最大的国家公园——面积达 220 万英亩。直到阿拉斯加南部的温盖特-圣艾勒斯国家公园（于 1978 年成为国家纪念碑）出现后，它才失去了这一称号。而阿拉斯加的温盖特-圣艾勒斯国家公园在 1980 年以 1230 万英亩的面积成为了美国的又一个国家公园。Wrangell-Saint Elias 是指代对象，后面的从句补充说明它成为国家纪念碑和国家公园的过程。which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的名词，在从句中作主语。故填which。 4. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. (2023全国乙卷) 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：但是，尽管有那么多古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为place，指物，在定语从句中作主语。故填that/which。 5. Yet，the form of the fable still has values today, ______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable begins, borrowing for Tomorrow.” (2023全国甲卷) 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：然而，这个寓言的形式在今天仍具有其价值，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《寓言开篇，为明日借贷》一文中所言。此处设空处引导非限制性定语从句，用来修饰前面的先行词“values”，而这里用as来引导这个非限制性定语从句，意思就是“但是，正如Rachel Carson在‘明天的寓言’中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。”故填as。 6. “There was once a town in the heart of America, _____ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,”some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023全国甲卷) 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。设空处引导非限定性定语从句，句中先行词为town,在从句中作地点状语,从句由关系副词where引导。故填where。 7. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2022新高考I卷) 【解析】考查定语从句。句意: GPNP旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区生态系统的健康状况。分析句子结构,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词species，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指物，且先行词前有all修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 8. On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provineces. (2022全国甲卷) 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在这1100公里的旅程中,这位在8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹胜康穿越了三个省的40个城市和县城。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。9.Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot  _____ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.(2020全国卷I) 【解析】考查关系副词引导的定语从句。句意：由于月球的身体阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信，中国首先必须在月球上方的轨道上放置一颗卫星，该卫星可以向航天器和地球发送信号。根据句意可知横线处使用定语从句，先行词是a spot，指地点，用where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。 10. In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike. (2020全国卷III) 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【答案】1—5 which/that who which which/that as where that who where whose II组(并列连词的用法) 1. Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ___63___(strategy) placement of the pieces,  ___64___the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ___65___(digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. (2025年新高考I卷) 【解析】 63. strategic / strategical。考查词性转换。根据空格前的 the 以及空格后的名词placement 可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词，因此应填strategic 或 strategical。 64. and。考查连词。分析句子结构可知，本句中的三个名词短语 the balance between the black and white pieces，the beauty in the ... placement of the pieces 和 the energy flow following each move 为并列关系，因此应填 and。 65. digitally。考查词性转换。空格修饰后面的 generated，副词作状语用来说明图形生成的方式，因此应填digitally。 2. Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”(2024新课标II卷) 【解析】考查连词。句意: Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 3. To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出)，______ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023新课标I卷) 【解析】考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。 4. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop _____ to see the pandas settle into their new home. (2023新课标II卷) 【解析】考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 5. It is a distinct visual contrast(反差) that shouldn’t work, _____ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. (2023全国乙卷) 【解析】考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。 6. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting biological buffer zones, _____ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”.(2022新高考I卷) 【解析】考查连词。句意。经过三年的试点，GPNP将于明年正式成立。GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，留下宝贵的自然资产或子孙后代”的指导原则。设空处无提示词，且前后为并列关系，应用and，连接三个指导原则 “protecting..., preserving ..., and leaving ...”。故填and。 7. He hung on for a few minutes ______ screamed for his father, but his father didn’t hear him. (2022新高考II卷) 【解析】考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。 8. The “First International Tea Day Road Cooperative Initiative”issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ______ cultural exchanges. (2022全国乙卷) 【解析】考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语，应用and连接。故填and。 9. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _____ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs. (2021新高考I卷) 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：尽管这是你登山途中唯一不自然的东西，但它却为整个冒险之旅增色不少，还提供了一个让你坐下歇歇酸痛双腿的地方。此处主句的谓语动词highlights和offers有一个共同的主语it，它们是并列关系。故填and。 10. My bike was old and shaky _____ did the job. (2021全国甲卷) 11. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ______ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. (2020新高考I卷) 【解析】考查连词。句意:他们把藏品要么放在家里直到大到放不下，要么就这么一直放着直到主人死了，最后一切都捐给了博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or，或者。故填or。 【答案】1—5 and and or and but 6—11 and and and and but or 三. 优秀模拟试题之语法填空精选 1 Bats have long been one of the most frightening creatures in the animal kingdom. Many pop culture association with them are related to witches __1__ (put) evil curses on innocent individuals. ___2__these associations are complete misunderstandings, these flying mammals do have a dark side as a dangerous disease earner. They can cany a number of ___3__ (fate) diseases such as rabies and more recently Ebola. This has led many to wonder why we should care about them. However, there is no denying the fact __4__bats play a significant role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem. Up to now, many organic farmers __5__( learn) about the benefits of having bats nearby to help manage the amount of pests that show up without pesticides. One brown bat—about the size of a human thumb can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects with in __6__hour. The United States Geological Survey estimates that bats’ __7__ ( contribute) to pest management save the country at least 3. 7 billion dollars per year. __8__ them, we would be likely to experience a dramatic drop in food production. What’s more, bats are also of great importance to ___9___( various) of plant species that are preferential to its pollination. Otherwise, these plants would decrease their ability to reproduce by at least 50 percent. Therefore, we need them more than most of ___10___ (we) imagine. 【答案】 1. putting 2. Although/Though/While 3. fatal 4. that 5. have learned/have learnt 6. an 7. contributions 8. Without 9. varieties 10. us 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了蝙蝠在大自然和我们人类生活中的重要性。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多流行文化都与女巫对无辜的人施加邪恶的诅咒有关。此处witches和put之间是主动关系，是现在分词作后置定语，所以应该用动词ing形式。故填putting。 2. 考查连词。句意为：尽管这些组织的说法很荒谬，但它确实是很多病毒的携带者。根据句意，表示“尽管”的连词并用于句首的有although/though/while，是although/though/while引导的让步状语从句。故填Although/Though/While。 3. 考查名词和形容词之间的转换。句意：尽管这些联系完全是误解。设空处后是名词disease，前面需要一个形容词来修饰它，fate 的形容词是 fatal。故填fatal。 4. 考查连接词。句意：然而，不可否认的事实是，蝙蝠在维持生态平衡方面发挥了重要作用。此处是一个同位语从句，从句前有抽象名词fact，后面的同位语从句对fact进行解释，句意和句子结构完整。故填that。 5. 考查谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，许多有机农场的农民已经了解到在附近有蝙蝠的好处，这样可以在不使用杀虫剂的情况下控制害虫的数量。设空处所在的位置有时间状语up to now，这个短语为现在完成时的标志时间状语，且主语是farmers，复数形式。故填have learned/have learnt。 6. 考查不定冠词。句意：一只人类拇指大小的棕色蝙蝠可以在一小时内吃掉大约600只蚊子和其他不想要的昆虫。设空处后面的名词为hour，首字母的发音为元音音素，所以不定冠词要用an。故填an。 7. 考查词性转换。句意：美国地质调查局(United States Geological Survey)估计，蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献至少节省了美国37亿美元。前面的修饰词是一个名词所有格bats’，且后面的谓语动词是save，所以这里需要用contribute 的名词的复数形式，contribute的名词是contribution。故填contributions。 8. 考查介词和without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句。句意：没有它们的话，食物的产量可能会大幅度下降。此处without them相当于if引导的非真实条件句，位于句首用大写开头。故填Without。 9. 考查词性转换。句意：更重要的是，蝙蝠对于各种优先为其授粉的植物来说也是非常重要的。从设空处后的of来看此处需要一个名词，而various的名词就是variety，由于前面没有a，所以填varieties。固定短语：varieties of，意为“各种各样的”。故填varieties。 10. 考查代词。句意：因此，我们比我们大多数人想象的更需要它们。设空处前面为介词of，后面应跟人称代词的宾格，we的宾格形式为us。故填us。 2 According to media reports, China realized the goal of having a museum for every 250,000 residents during the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20) period. In fact, in places ___1___ Beijing, the Inner Mongolia autonomous region and Shaanxi province, the ratio (比率) is ___2___(apparent) more impressive: one museum for every 110,000-130,000 residents. Museums preserve and exhibit artifacts and other ___3___(value) historical and scientific objects, and therefore are a great source of learning, as well as entertainment. In 2020, museums in China ___4___(hold) over 29,000 exhibitions and 225,000 education activities, receiving 540 million visitors in person and over 100 million visitors online. Museums are now making use of new ___5__ (technology) such as big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence to better serve ___6___ (they) visitors. So far many museums ___7___ (develop) special products to increase their appeal. The Sanxingdui cultural relic site, for example, has come up with ice creams ___8___ (shape) like its famed golden and bronze facial masks. All these efforts are helping the domestic museum sector boom. ___9___ system to further improve cultural services has already been included in the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), ___10___ lists measures such as digitizing public museums and libraries. That means the museum sector has a brighter future ahead. 【答案】1. like 2. apparently 3. valuable 4. held 5. technologies 6. their 7. have developed 8. shaped 9. A 10. which 【解析】 【导语】 1. 考查介词。句意：事实上，在北京、内蒙古自治区和陕西省等地，这一比例显然更令人印象深刻：每11万至13万居民拥有一座博物馆。此处表示“像北京……等地”，设空处应填一个介词，like可以作介词，意为“像……一样”。故填like。 2. 考查副词。句意：事实上，在北京、内蒙古自治区和陕西省等地，这一比例显然更令人印象深刻：每11万至13万居民拥有一座博物馆。此处more impressive是形容词比较级，由副词修饰。故填apparently。 3. 考查形容词。句意：博物馆保存和展示文物和其他有价值的历史和科学物品，因此是学习和娱乐的重要来源。句中objects是名词复数，形容词修饰名词。故填valuable。 4. 考查一般过去时。句意：2020年，全国博物馆共举办展览2.9万余场，教育活动22.5万余场，参观人次达5.4亿人次，网上参观人次超过1亿人次。根据In 2020可知，句子用一般过去时，且为主动形式。故填held。 5. 考查名词复数。句意：博物馆正在利用大数据、云计算和人工智能等新技术来更好地为游客服务。根据空格后面的such as big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence可知，设空处应用名词复数。故填technologies。 6. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：博物馆正在利用大数据、云计算和人工智能等新技术来更好地为游客服务。空后visitors是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填their。 7. 考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，许多博物馆都开发了特殊的产品来增加他们的吸引力。根据So far可知，句子用现在完成时，且句子主语是复数many museums。故填have developed。 8. 考查过去分词。句意：例如，三星堆文化遗址就推出了形状酷似其著名的黄金和青铜面具的冰淇淋。此处是with的复合结构，ice creams和shape之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语。故填shaped。 9. 考查不定冠词。句意：“十四五”规划（2021- 2025）中已经纳入了进一步改善文化服务的体系，其中列出了公共博物馆和图书馆数字化等措施。此处表示“一个体系”，泛指，且system以辅音音素开头，并位于句首。故填A。 10. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：“十四五”规划（2021- 2025）中已经纳入了进一步改善文化服务的体系，其中列出了公共博物馆和图书馆数字化等措施。此处the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25)是先行词，指物，在从句中作主语。故填which。 3 “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” This is a fitting quote for the 1946 novel All the King's Men. When Willie Stark becomes governor of Louisiana, US, his moral character ___1___ (challenge)by the issues he faces. Stark sees the bad shape that ___2___ (he) state is in and he will do anything ___3___ (make) change happen fast. Behind all the politics and corruption, All the King's Men ___4___ (write)by American author Robert Penn Warren is ___5___ (ultimate) a story about love. Every character in the novel is searching ___6___ love: love for the truth and the belief that it will set us free, love for the country ___7___ love for one another. We see love lead to secrets and betrayals, and love emerge from great struggles and ___8___ (tragedy):'Love is ___9___ connects us all and drives us to do the things we do. In this novel, Warren details how to find love in ___10___ corrupt society and how the act of loving helps to create the real you. 【答案】 1. will be challenged 2. his 3. to make 4. written 5. ultimately 6. for 7. and 8. tragedies 9. what 10. a 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。权力导致腐败，绝对的权力导致绝对的腐败。这句话很适合引用于1946年的小说《国王的手下》。文章论述了这部小说所阐述的观点。 1. 考查动词语态。句意：当威利•斯塔克成为美国路易斯安那州州长时，他的道德品质将受到他所面临问题的挑战。该句是复合句，含when引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，主语his moral character和谓语动词challenge之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be challenged。 2. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：斯塔克看到了他所在州的糟糕状况，他会做任何事来迅速改变现状。句中state是名词，意思是“州”，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填his。 3. 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：斯塔克看到了他所在州的糟糕状况，他会做任何事来迅速改变现状。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在所有的政治和腐败背后，美国作家罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦的《国王的男人》归根结底都是一个关于爱情的故事。句中is是谓语动词，所给词write是非谓语动词，句子主语all the King's Men和write之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。 5. 考查副词。句意：在所有的政治和腐败背后，美国作家罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦的《国王的男人》归根结底都是一个关于爱情的故事。此处用副词修饰名词词组a story about love。故填ultimately。 6. 考查介词。句意：小说中的每一个人物都在寻找爱：对真理的爱和对自由的信仰，对国家的爱和对他人的爱。固定短语：search for“寻找”。故填for。 7. 考查并列连词。句意：小说中的每一个人物都在寻找爱：对真理的爱和对自由的信仰，对国家的爱和对他人的爱。此处是并列的谓语动词，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 8. 考查名词复数。句意：我们看到爱会导致秘密和背叛，爱会从伟大的斗争和悲剧中产生：爱是连接我们所有人并驱使我们做我们所做的事情。此处tragedy是可数名词，与struggles并列，应用名词复数。故填tragedies。 9. 考查表语从句。句意：我们看到爱会导致秘密和背叛，爱会从伟大的斗争和悲剧中产生：爱是连接我们所有人并驱使我们做我们所做的事情。此处是表语从句，从句缺少引导词，从句也缺少主语，应用what引导，其双重作用。故填what。 10. 考查不定冠词。句意：在这本小说中，沃伦详细描述了如何在一个腐败的社会中找到爱，以及爱的行为如何帮助创造真实的你。此处表示“泛指”，意思是“一个腐败的社会”，应用不定冠词，且corrupt是以辅音音素开头的词。故填a。 4 As a nature photographer, my favorite place to take photos is Yellowstone National Park, which is famous for the ___1___（various）of its wildlife but it is ___2___（probable）best known ___3___ its bears. Last spring in Yellowstone, I followed a path ___4___ took me through a dark forest. When I finally ___5____（step）out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. ___6___ eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which were reflected in the still lake below. While I was concentrating on ___7___（photograph）this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. Slowly and with the camera still held to my eye. I turned and froze. Only ___8____（meter）away from me was a bear. Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first. My legs started shaking. Somehow I forced my finger ___9____（press）the button. A second ___10____（late）, the bear turned and ran back into the forests. 【答案】1. variety；2. probably；3. for；4. that/which；5. stepped；6. An；7. photographing ；8. meters/metres ；9. to press；10. Later 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者去年春天在黄石公园拍照遇到熊的事情。 1. 考查名词。句意：作为一名自然摄影师，我最喜欢拍照的地方是黄石国家公园，它以野生动物的多样性而闻名，但它最出名的可能是它的熊。分析句子结构which is famous for the ____1____ （various）of可知，此处用名词作介词for的宾语，所给词various是形容词，意思是“各种各样的”，其名词是variety“种类”。本句特指野生动物的种类，用单数形式。故填variety。 2. 考查副词。句意：作为一名自然摄影师，我最喜欢拍照的地方是黄石国家公园，它以野生动物的多样性而闻名，但它最出名的可能是它的熊。句中best known是形容词最高级，由副词修饰，所给词probable是形容词，其副词是probably。故填probably。 3. 考查介词。句意：作为一名自然摄影师，我最喜欢拍照的地方是黄石国家公园，它以野生动物的多样性而闻名，但它最出名的可能是它的熊。固定短语：be known for“因……而众所周知”符合句意。故填for。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：去年春天在黄石公园，我沿着一条小径穿过一片黑暗的森林。此处 a path作先行词，指物，后面的句子缺少主语，设空处填关系代词that或which，引导定语从句。故填that/which。 5. 考查一般过去时。句意：当我终于走出树林时，眼前的景色美得令人窒息。 该句是复合句，含when引导的时间状语从句，且从句指过去发生的事情，所以句子用一般过去时。故填stepped。 6. 考查不定冠词。句意：一只老鹰飞过白雪皑皑的群山，这些群山倒映在下面平静的湖面上。此处表示泛指，意思是“一只”老鹰，且eagle是以元音因素开头的词，前面用an表示“一”。置于句首，首字母大写。故填An。 7. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：当我集中精力拍摄这一惊人的场景时，我突然有一种被监视的感觉。动词短语concentrate on后面用动名词作宾语，所给词photograph是动词，其动名词是photographing。故填photographing。 8. 考查名词复数。句意：离我只有几米远的地方有一只熊。句中meter是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词修饰和限定，所以名词用复数形式，指“仅仅几米”。故填meters/metres。 9. 考查不定式作宾语补足语。句意：不知怎么的，我强迫我的手指按下了按钮。固定搭配：force sb. to do sth.“强迫某人做某事”，其中不定式作宾语补足语。故填to press。 10. 考查副词。句意：一秒钟后，熊转身跑回森林里。固定用法：a second later“一秒钟之后”。故填later。 5 For a long time bats ____1____(be) one of the most feared creatures in the animal kingdom. Many pop culture associations with them are____2____(relate) to vampire. Though these associations are complete misunderstandings, bats do have a dark side as a ____3____(danger) disease vector (传播媒介). So there is good reason to be exceptionally cautious if you come into contact with bats. However, the fact is____4____bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem. Many organic farmers have learned about the benefits of ____5____ (have) bats nearby to help manage the amount of pests that show up without pesticides. One brown bat - about ____6____size of a human thumb - can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects within an hour. They make for a fantastic, almost essential ____7____ (add) to pest management on any farm. Even large government organizations have realized the economic benefits of bats. The United States Geological Survey estimates that bat contributions____8____pest management save the country at____9____ (little) 3.7 billion dollars per year. Without them, we would likely experience a dramatic drop in food production, which would eventually make____10____(it) way into our weekly grocery bills. 【答案】 1. have been 2. related 3. dangerous 4. that 5. having 6. the 7. addition 8. to 9. least 10. Its 【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时。句意：很长一段时间以来，蝙蝠一直是动物界最可怕的生物之一。根据前面的时间状语“For a long time”以及句意可知，此处应用现在完成时表示从过去以来一直持续的情况。故填have been。 2. 考查固定短语。句意：许多与他们有关的流行文化都与吸血鬼有关。be related to是固定短语，意为“与……有关”。故填related。 3. 考查形容词作定语。句意：尽管这些联系完全是误解，但蝙蝠作为危险的疾病媒介确实有黑暗的一面。此处应用形容词修饰后面的名词disease vector。故填dangerous。 4.考查表语从句引导词。句意：然而，事实是蝙蝠在保持生态系统平衡方面发挥着重要作用。 be动词后是表语从句， that引导表语从句不做成分，只起连接作用，the fact is that意为“事实是……”。故填that。 5. 考查动名词。句意：许多种植有机作物的农民已经了解到，在没有杀虫剂的情况下，让蝙蝠在附近帮助管理大量害虫的好处。分析句子可知，此处have是动词，意为“拥有”，空格前的介词of后面接动名词。故填having。 6. 考查定冠词。句意：一只棕蝙蝠——大约人类拇指大小——可以在一小时内吃掉大约600只蚊子和其他讨厌的昆虫。the size of是固定短语，意为“……的尺寸”。故填the。 7. 考查名词。句意：它们对任何农场的病虫害管理都是一种奇妙的、几乎必不可少的补充。根据前面的形容词essential可知，此处应用名词形式。故填addition。 8. 考查介词。句意：美国地质调查局估计，蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献每年为国家节省至少37亿美元。contribution to是固定短语，意为“对……贡献，促成”。故填to。 9. 考查固定短语。句意：美国地质调查局估计，蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献每年为国家节省至少37亿美元。at least是固定短语，意为“至少”。故填least。 10. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：如果没有它们，我们可能会经历食品产量的急剧下降，这最终会出现在我们每周的杂货账单上。make one’s way是固定短语，意为“成功，前进”，所以此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词way。故填its。 6 Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the____1____(increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also____2____(help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century. One of the world's ____3____(large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could ____4____ (permanent) disappear. The rich collection of genes____5____ decide their qualities would disappear with them. Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say human____6____(activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land also are responsible. Modern business farming is responsible____7____loss of farmers' traditional crop varieties. The "Green Revolution" of the twentieth century changed agriculture. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from____8____(starve). Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops with the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals____9____(control) diseases and insects. Harvests grew larger and higher quality, ____10____ another result was that some traditional crops were lost. Damage to the environment over the past century makes people believe that crop diversity also suffered. 【答案】1. increasing 2. helps 3. largest 4. permanently 5. that/which 6. activities 7. for 8. starvation 9. to control 10. but/while/yet 【解析】 1. 考查形容词作定语。句意：农作物的多样性对养活地球上不断增长的人口很重要。根据句意，这里要表达的是“增长的”。increase的现在分词形式increasing可以用做形容词修饰名词 ，意为“增加的”符合句意，故填increasing。 2. 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：他们说，拥有多种多样的植物也有助于防止可能的作物疾病和未来的危机。分析句子成分可知help在宾语从句中做谓语，主语是having a large variety of plants ，是单数，所以谓语动词要用单数。全文时态为一般现在时，所以这里也要用一般现在时，故填helps。 3. 考查最高级。句意：世界上最大的种子保护项目之一预测将会有更多的损失。根据句意，这里要用所给形容词的最高级，故填largest。 4. 考查副词。句意：千年种子银行合作组织警告说，多达10万种植物物种可能永久消失。所给词用来修饰动词disappear, permanent为形容词不能用于修饰动词，所以要用其副词形式permanently，故填permanently。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：决定它们品质的丰富的基因集合也会随之消失。分析句子成分___5___ decide their qualities可知空格处引导定语从句且在从句中做主语，先行词为物，要用that/which来引导这个定语从句，故填that/which。 6. 考查名词复数。句意：他们说，人类活动和规划不周、过度使用土地也是罪魁祸首。activity为可数名词，本句中没有冠词，说明要用其复数形式，故填activities 。 7. 考查介词。句意：现代商业农业造成了农民传统作物品种的流失。be responsible for 为固定搭配，意为“对……负责”，所以这里要填介词for。 8. 考查名词。句意：一些专家说现代商业农业方法的使用使数百万人免于饥饿。空格处为介词from的宾语，starve为动词，不能做宾语，所以用其名词形式starvation。故填starvation。 9. 考查动词不定式。句意：他们用化学药品来防治疾病和昆虫。根据句意，(control) diseases and insects. 是treated their fields with chemicals的目的，所以用不定式表目的，填to control。 10. 考查并列连词。句意：收成越来越多，质量也越来越好，另一个结果是一些传统作物消失了。根据句意，Harvests grew larger and higher quality与was that some traditional crops were lost.之间是转折关系，一个是好处，一个是坏处，所以要用表示转折关系的连词连接前后两个句子，故填 but。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$