话题阅读技术创新：无人驾驶汽车助力改善环境专项练习-2026届高三英语一轮复习

技术创新：无人驾驶汽车助力改善环境 同源话题 2024 新课标Ⅱ卷 C 篇 说明文|难度: 中|约330词|建议用时: 7 分钟 Autonomous vehicles are designed to understand and navigate traffic conditions independently, including other vehicles, pedestrians(行人), and obstacles, without needing a driver. SAE International, also known as the Society of Automotive Engineers, categorizes the level of automation in vehicles. Level 0 signifies“No Driving Automation”, meaning the vehicle lacks automated driving features. Level 5 is the highest form of fully autonomous vehicles, where no user input is necessary, even during emergencies, and the technology can handle all driving practices on its own. Several key technologies are crucial for the efficient operation of autonomous vehicles. These include computers, safety systems, cameras, network infrastructure, and sensors. These technologies must work together to ensure safe and effective operation. The transportation sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide (CO₂). In 2022, automobiles alone contributed to at least 35% of total USCO₂ emissions, highlighting the urgent need for eco-friendly vehicle solutions to reduce harmful emissions. Air pollution, especially in South Asia, poses significant health risks to over one billion people due to poor air quality. Countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India have some of the lowest air quality ratings globally, threatening human and animal lives. Research confirms that autonomous vehicles can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For instance, autonomous vehicles can minimize traffic congestion(拥堵) caused by drivers searching for parking, which accounts for about one-third of urban traffic. Eco-driving techniques, like improving speed and acceleration to enhance fuel efficiency, are increasingly integrated into autonomous vehicle systems. Studies show that adopting eco-driving practices with autonomous vehicles can reduce CO₂ emissions by 10% - 20% on congested highways. Despite these advancements, autonomous vehicles face challenges such as weather conditions and digital security risks. They are still evolving, with ongoing research needed to improve sensor capabilities, address ethical concerns, and ensure safety and fairness in deployment(调动). In conclusion, autonomous vehicles promise to revolutionize transportation, but further research is crucial to overcoming technical challenges for their widespread adoption. 1. What can we learn about Level 5 of autonomous vehicles? A. It is under human's control through the Internet. B. It depends on cooperation among devices. C. It is less intelligent than Level 0 in driving. D. It needs no intervention except emergencies. 2. Why does the author mention greenhouse gas emissions caused by autos? A. To prove air pollution affects health. B. To introduce the seriousness of pollution. C. To explain autonomous driving can avoid traffic jams. D. To express autonomous driving reduces CO₂ emissions. 3. What's the environmental advantage of autonomous vehicles according to the passage? A. They can operate with electricity. B. They reduce urban traffic congestion. C. They do not require any maintenance. D. They completely remove CO₂ emissions. 4. What is the challenge for autonomous vehicles? A. Enhancing sensors and safety. B. Reducing the cost of manufacturing. C. Becoming completely eco-friendly. D. Being able to drive faster than conventional cars. 参考答案与深度解析 【文前导读】本文主题语境为人与社会，文体为说明文。本文主要介绍了无人驾驶技术飞速进步，也为环境保护提供了莫大的帮助。 1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知，L5级别的自动驾驶不需要用户参与，可以自行处理各种驾驶情况。结合第三段内容，自动驾驶汽车的有效运行离不开包括计算机、安全系统、摄像头、网络基础设施和传感器在内的几项关键技术，这些技术必须协同工作，才能确保安全有效的运行。因此15级别的自动驾驶依赖各种仪器设备的共同合作。答案：B 2.写作意图题。第四段提到了交通运输业是温室气体排放的主要来源，2022 年仅汽车就至少占美国二氧化碳总排放量的35%，这凸显了对环保型汽车的迫切需求，再根据第五段中的“Research confirms that autonomous vehicles can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions”可知，自动驾驶汽车可以显著减少温室气体排放。故作者提及汽车温室气体排放问题是为了表达自动驾驶能够减少二氧化碳排放，为文章主旨服务。答案：D ⊗学方法 巧借主旨判意图 文章都有其主旨，作者所写的内容都应是围绕主旨展开的。因此，在阅读文章时，我们可以通过把握主旨来更好地理解作者的写作意图。例如，在本文中，主旨是探讨自动驾驶技术如何在环境保护方面发挥作用。通过这一点，我们能够明白作者提汽车温室气体排放问题是为了强调自动驾驶技术在减少温室气体排放方面的潜力。 3.细节理解题。由第五段中的“autonomous vehicles can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions... can minimize traffic congestion... which accounts for about one-third of urban traffic”可知，文本明确指出自动驾驶汽车可以通过减少寻找停车位所造成的交通拥堵，从而减少温室气体排放，这是一大环境优势。答案：B 释疑难Q：为什么本题不选D项呢? A：D项的错误在于它夸大了自动驾驶汽车的环保效益。虽然自动驾驶汽车可以大大减少二氧化碳排放，但不能完全消除这些排放。因此，D选项是不正确的。而B项则准确反映了自动驾驶汽车减少城市交通拥堵的优势，这是文本中明确提到的。 4.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Despite these advancements, autonomous vehicles face challenges such as weather conditions and digital security risks”可知,尽管取得了这些进步,自动驾驶汽车仍面临着天气条件和数字安全风险等挑战。再结合下一句中的“…… to improve sensor capabilities, address ethical concerns, and ensure safety and fairness in deployment”可知,A项(提升传感器及驾驶安全)符合题意。 答案：A 反复精读·积累速记 二次精读·词汇速记 · 核心词 autonomous adj. 自动的 emergency n. 紧急情况 emission n. 排放物 enhance v. 提高,增强 adopt v. 采纳,采用 manufacture v. 制造 integrate v. 合并,成为一体 intervention n. 出面,介入 · 障碍词 conventional adj. 传统的 [ convention 常规,惯例+-al 与······有关的] categorize v. 将······分类 [ category 类别+-ize使······化] widespread adj. 广泛的,普遍的 [ wide广泛的+ spread传播] advancement n. 进步 [ advance发展,进步+-ment······的行为(或结果)] capability n. 能力,才能 [ capable 有能力+-ity……性质,……状态] fairness n. 公正性,公平合理性 [ fair 公平的+-ness……的性质(或状态、特点)] maintenance n. 维护,保养 [ maintain 维修,保养+-ance(表示行动或状况)] infrastructure n. 基础设施 [ infra-在下+ structure 结构] acceleration n. 加速;(车辆)加速能力 [ accelerate 加速,加快+-ion……行为,……状态] · 熟词生义 address 熟义:n. 地址 文中义:v. 设法解决,处理 · 核心短语 pose risks to 对······构成威胁 search for 搜索 account for 占据 in conclusion 综上所述 三次精读·长难句分析 长难句 For instance, autonomous vehicles can minimize traffic congestion caused by drivers searching for parking, which accounts for about one-third of urban traffic.( Para.5) 剖析 本句句子主干为 autonomous vehicles can minimize traffic congestion, “caused by drivers”作 traffic congestion的后置定语, “searching for parking”作 drivers的后置定语, which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰 searching for parking。 翻译 例如，自动驾驶汽车可以最大限度地减少因驾驶员寻找停车位而造成的交通拥堵，这占城市交通的三分之一。 参考译文 技术创新 无人驾驶汽车助力改善环境 自动驾驶汽车的设计目的是在不需要驾驶员的情况下，独立理解和导航交通状况，包括其他车辆、行人和障碍物。 国际汽车工程师协会(SAE International)对汽车的自动化水平进行了分类。Level 0表示“无自动驾驶”，即没有自动驾驶功能。Level 5是全自动驾驶汽车的最高级别，即使在紧急情况下也无需用户输入任何信息，该技术可以自行处理所有驾驶操作。 一些关键技术对于自动驾驶汽车的高效运行至关重要。这些包括计算机、安全系统、摄像机、网络基础设施和传感器。这些技术必须协同工作，以确保安全有效的运行。 交通运输是温室气体排放的主要来源，主要是二氧化碳。到2022年，仅汽车排放的二氧化碳就至少占美国总排放量的35%，这说明迫切需要环保汽车解决方案来减少有害气体的排放。 空气污染，特别是在南亚，由于空气质量差，对超过10亿人的健康构成重大风险。孟加拉国、巴基斯坦和印度这些全球空气质量评级最低的国家，威胁着人类和动物的生命。研究证实，自动驾驶汽车可以显著减少温室气体排放。例如，自动驾驶汽车可以最大限度地减少因司机寻找停车位而造成的交通拥堵，这大约占城市交通的三分之一。 生态驾驶技术，如提高速度和加速能力以提高燃油效率，越来越多地集成到自动驾驶汽车系统中。研究表明，在拥堵的高速公路上，采用自动驾驶汽车的生态驾驶实践可以减少10%-20%的二氧化碳排放。 尽管取得了这些进步，但自动驾驶汽车仍面临着诸如天气状况和数字安全风险等挑战。它们仍在不断发展，需要进行不断的研究，以提高传感器的能力，解决伦理问题，并确保部署的安全性和公平性。综上所述，自动驾驶汽车有望彻底改变交通运输，但要克服其广泛应用所面临的技术挑战，进一步的研究至关重要。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Autonomous vehicles are designed to understand and navigate traffic conditions independently, including other vehicles, pedestrians and obstacles without needing a driver. SAE international, also known as the society of automotive engineers, category the level of automation in vehicles, level zero signalizes no driving automation, meaning the vehicle lacks automated driving features. Level five is the highest form of folly autonomous vehicles where no user input is necessary even during emergencies, and the technology can handle all driving practices on its own. Several key technologies are crucial for the efficient Operation of autonomous vehicles. These include computers, safety systems, cameras, network infrastructure and sensors. These technologies must work together to ensure safe and effective Operation. The transportation sector is a major source of Greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide. In two thousand and twenty two automobile iles alone contributed to at least thirty five percent of total US, C, O two emissions, highlighting the urgent need for eco friendly vehicle solutions to reduce harmful emissions. Air pollution, especially in south asia, poses significant health risks to over one billion people due to poor air quality. Countries like bengali desh, pakistan and india have some of the lowest air quality ratings globally threatened human and animal lives. Research confirms that autonomous vehicles can significantly reduce Greenhouse gas emissions. For instance, autonomous vehicles can minimize traffic congestion caused by drivers searching for parking, which accounts for about one third of urban traffic. Eco driving techniques like improving speed and acceleration to enhance fuel efficiency are increasingly integrated into autonomous vehicle systems. Study show that adopting ego driving practices with autonomous vehicles can reduce CO two emissions by ten percent to twenty percent uncontested highways. Despite these advancements, autonomy's vehicles face chAllenges such as weather conditions and digital security risks. They are still evolving with ongoing research needed to improve sensor capabilities, address ethical concerns and ensure safety and fairness and deployment. In conclusion, autonomous vehicles promise to revolutionize transportation, but further research is crucial to overcoming technical chAllenges for their widespread adoption.