Unit 4 My Space（知识清单）英语沪教版2020必修第一册

Unit 4 My Space 定语从句 关系代词 who（指人，作主语/宾语）、whom（指人，作宾语）、which（指物，作主语/宾语）、that（指人/物，作主语/宾语，可代替who/which，在以下情况常用：先行词含人和物、被序数词/最高级修饰、不定代词作先行词等）、whose（指人/物，作定语，表“……的”）。 例：The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister.（who指人，作主语）；This is the book which I bought yesterday.（which指物，作宾语）。 关系副词 when（指时间，作状语）、where（指地点，作状语）、why（指原因，作状语，先行词常为reason）。 例：I still remember the day when we first met.（when指时间）；This is the place where I grew up.（where指地点）。 现在完成时 构成 have/has + 过去分词 用法 ◦ 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果（常与already, yet, just, ever, never等连用）。 例：I have finished my homework.（作业已完成，对现在的影响是可以休息了）。 ◦ 表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在的动作或状态（常与for + 时间段、since + 时间点连用）。 例：We have lived here for 10 years.（从过去持续到现在的居住状态）。 单词 1. experiment n. 实验；试验 2. capable adj. 有能力的 3. survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在 4. unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地 5. labour - saving adj. 省力的 6. device n. 装置；仪器；设备 7. immediately adv. 立即；马上 8. disappear v. 消失；不见 9. regularly adv. 有规律地 10. bomb n. 炸弹 11. goods n. 商品；货品 12. petrol n. 汽油 13. boil v. （使）沸腾；煮沸 14. aim n. 目的；目标 15. narrow adj. 狭窄的 16. suffer v. 受苦，受难 17. argue v. 论证；说理；争辩 18. responsibility n. 职责；义务 19. arrange v. 整理；排列；布置 20. extremely adv. 极其；非常 短语 1. take cover 躲避；隐蔽 2. science fiction 科幻小说（或影片等） 3. domestic chores 家务琐事 4. prepare meals 准备饭菜 5. do the dishes 洗碗 6. make one's bed 整理床铺 7. in a mess 杂乱不堪 8. lay the table 摆好餐具 9. load the washing machine 把衣服放进洗衣机 10. entertain oneself 自娱自乐 熟词生义 1. cover：常见义为“覆盖，遮盖”，在“take cover”中表示“躲避处，遮蔽物”。 2. present：常见义为“礼物；现在”，作形容词时可表示“出席的，在场的”，如“all the people present”（所有在场的人）。 3. labour - saving：从构词上看是“节省劳力的”，但在某些语境中可引申为“便捷的，省心的”，描述事物能让人减少劳动量从而带来便利。 句型 1. It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.：表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，如It is necessary for us to keep our living space clean. 2. What + 主语 + need to do is...：意为“某人需要做的是……”，如What you need to do is to tidy up your room. 3. There is no doubt that...：表示“毫无疑问……”，如There is no doubt that a comfortable space can improve our life quality. 4. be about to do sth. when...：表示“正要做某事，这时……”，如I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. 5. It seems as if...：意为“似乎，好像”，如It seems as if this space has been transformed into a small paradise. 语法 本单元核心语法依然是定语从句，是对定语从句的进一步学习。主要涉及关系代词who、whom、whose、that、which的详细用法，以及关系副词when、where、why的用法。还讲解了as引导的定语从句，如“such...as...”“the same...as...”结构中as作为关系代词的用法。同时，强调了限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别，以及在不同语境中关系词的选择规则。 一、词汇清单 1. accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/ • 教材原句：A formula has the same meaning, regardless of any different language that accompanies it.（2021年静安区一模完形填空） • 用法搭配：accompany sb. 陪伴某人；be accompanied by 由……陪同，伴随。 • 写作佳句：The beautiful music is always accompanied by her sweet singing. 2. current /ˈkɜːrənt/ • 教材原句：Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills.（2018年青浦区一模阅读理解B篇） • 用法搭配：current affairs（时事），current situation（当前形势）。 • 写作佳句：We should pay attention to the current affairs to keep up - with the development of the world. 3. election /ɪˈlekʃn/ • 教材原句：It’s a striking number for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections.（2021年金山区二模阅读理解C篇） • 用法搭配：general election（大选），win an election（赢得选举）。 • 写作佳句：The coming election will have a great impact on the country’s future development. 4. intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ • 教材原句：There is plenty of complaints about how social media - texting in particular—may be harming children’s social and intellectual development.（2017年奉贤区二模阅读理解A篇） • 用法搭配：intellectual development（智力发展），intellectual property（知识产权）。 • 写作佳句：Reading more books is beneficial to our intellectual development. 5. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ • 教材原句：Amazon, Google and other technology companies are going to have to involve disabled people in design.（2021年长宁区一模阅读理解C篇） • 用法搭配：involve sb. in (doing) sth.（使某人参与某事），be involved in（参与，涉及）。 • 写作佳句：We should involve more students in the environmental - protection activities. 6. occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ • 教材原句：On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers.（2017年奉贤区二模阅读理解A篇） • 用法搭配：on occasion（有时，偶尔），on several occasions（在几次场合下）。 • 写作佳句：On occasion, we should take a break from our busy work to enjoy life. 7. refer /rɪˈfɜː(r)/ • 教材原句：Americans often refer to themselves not as cat - owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”.（2020年静安区一模阅读理解A篇） • 用法搭配：refer to（提到，涉及，参考），refer to...as...（把……称为……）。 • 写作佳句：When we talk about famous scientists, we often refer to Einstein. 8. represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ • 教材原句：It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.（2017年静安区一模阅读理解A篇） • 用法搭配：represent sth. as sth.（把……描绘成……），represent sb./sth.（代表某人/某物）。 • 写作佳句：The dove represents peace, and it is loved by people all over the world. 9. scared /skeəd/ • 教材原句：无（单元内有相关情感表达场景可涉及）。 • 用法搭配：be scared of（害怕……），be scared to do sth.（不敢做某事）。 • 写作佳句：Many children are scared of the dark. 10. routine /ˈruːtiːn/ • 教材原句：无（单元内有生活日常相关描述可涉及）。 • 用法搭配：daily routine（日常生活），routine work（日常工作）。 • 写作佳句：Developing a good daily routine is good for our physical and mental health. 【经典练】单句语法填空 题目1：He was involved ______ a serious accident. 答案：in。 • 解析：be involved in是固定短语，意为“参与，涉及”，这里表示“他卷入了一场严重的事故”，故填in。 题目2：Don't refer ______ this matter again, please. 答案：to。 • 解析：refer to为固定搭配，意思是“提到，涉及”，句子意思是“请不要再提到这件事了”，所以用to。 题目3：On ______ (occasion), he will go to the park alone. 答案：occasion。 • 解析：on occasion是固定短语，意为“有时，偶尔”，不需要用复数形式，故填occasion。 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 1. This is the room where I once lived.（这是我曾经住过的房间。） 2. I still remember the day when we met for the first time.（我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天。） 3. There is no reason why you should leave.（你没有理由离开。） 4. The park where we had a picnic last week is very beautiful.（我们上周野餐的那个公园非常漂亮。） 5. July is the month when many students take their summer vacations.（七月是许多学生放暑假的月份。） 【精讲·语法知识】 • 关系副词有when、where、why，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。其主要作用有三个：代替先行词，在定语从句中作状语，连接先行词与定语从句。 • when的用法：when在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词通常是time、day、season、age等表示时间的名词，可与on which、in which、at which等互换。如“Spring is the season when/in which flowers come out”（春天是花朵开放的季节）。 • where的用法：where在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是place、city、town、house等表示地点的名词，常可与in which互换。如“This is the town where/in which he grew up”（这是他长大的城镇）。 • why的用法：why在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词只能是reason，可与for which代替。如“That's the reason why/for which he was late”（那就是他迟到的原因）。 【经典练】　 1. This is the factory ______ my father works. 答案：where。 ◦ 解析：先行词是factory，表地点，从句“my father works”不缺宾语，缺地点状语，故用where引导。 2. I will never forget the days ______ we spent together. 答案：which/that。 ◦ 解析：先行词是days，从句中spent缺少宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导，而不是关系副词when。 3. The reason ______ he was absent is that he was ill. 答案：why。 ◦ 解析：先行词是reason，引导词在从句中作原因状语，所以用why。 4. The hotel ______ we stayed last night was very comfortable. 答案：where。 ◦ 解析：先行词是hotel，表地点，“we stayed”不缺宾语，缺地点状语，用where引导，相当于in which。 5. Do you remember the time ______ we first went to the cinema? 答案：when。 ◦ 解析：先行词是time，在从句“we first went to the cinema”中作时间状语，所以用when引导。 6. This is the place ______ I used to play football. 答案：where。 ◦ 解析：先行词是place，从句“I used to play football”不缺宾语，缺地点状语，因此用where引导。 7. The day ______ she left home was a sunny day. 答案：when。 ◦ 解析：先行词是day，在从句“she left home”中作时间状语，故用when。 8. There is no reason ______ you can't finish the work on time. 答案：why。 ◦ 解析：先行词是reason，引导词在从句中作原因状语，所以填why。 9. The town ______ we visited last year is very small. 答案：which/that。 ◦ 解析：先行词是town，从句“we visited”缺少宾语，所以用关系代词which或that，不能用where。 10. I still remember the moment ______ I heard the good news. 答案：when。 ◦ 解析：先行词是moment，在从句“I heard the good news”中作时间状语，所以用when引导。 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 1. 构建逻辑框架：写作时采用清晰的结构，如总分总。开篇引出与“太空”相关的主题，像“Space exploration has always been a fascinating topic that captures the imagination of people around the world”，迅速抓住读者注意力。主体部分从不同方面展开论述，比如介绍太空探索的成就，可写“Numerous satellites have been launched, which play crucial roles in communication, weather forecasting and scientific research”；阐述太空探索面临的挑战，如“However, space exploration also faces great challenges. The harsh environment in space, such as radiation and microgravity, poses threats to astronauts' health” 。结尾总结升华，再次强调太空探索的重要性，如“To sum up, space exploration is not only a journey of discovery but also a driving force for human progress” 。 2. 合理运用说明方法：写介绍太空相关知识的文章时，运用多种说明方法能让内容更易懂。使用列数字，如 “The distance from the Earth to the Moon is about 384,400 kilometers”，准确说明事物特征。打比方也很实用，比如 “The Milky Way galaxy is like a huge spinning disk, with billions of stars” ，把抽象的星系形象化。作比较能突出差异，“The gravity on the Moon is only about one - sixth of that on the Earth” ，让读者更好理解。 3. 融入想象与情感：如果是写关于太空的想象作文，要大胆发挥想象。比如描述未来太空城市，“In the future, there might be a space city floating in the universe. It would be a self - sufficient community, with advanced technology to recycle resources and generate energy” 。同时，融入对太空的向往、敬畏等情感，“Every time I look up at the starry sky, a strong sense of wonder and longing for space exploration wells up in me” ，使文章更具感染力。 4. 准确使用专业词汇：积累并准确运用太空领域专业词汇，像astronaut（宇航员）、cosmic ray（宇宙射线）、space shuttle（航天飞机）、galaxy（星系）等。例如 “Astronauts need to undergo rigorous training before they can embark on a space mission” ，展现对主题的深入理解。同时，学会用同位语、定语从句等语法结构解释专业词汇，如 “The Hubble Space Telescope, which was launched into space in 1990, has provided us with many stunning images of distant galaxies” 。 5. 检查语法与拼写：完成写作后，仔细检查语法错误，如主谓一致、时态运用等。注意单词拼写，特别是专业词汇，比如不要把“astronaut”错写成“astranaut”。同时，检查句子间的衔接是否自然，逻辑是否连贯，比如连接词的使用是否恰当，像“however”“therefore”“moreover”等。 【积累·写作素材】 1. 词汇： ◦ 太空相关事物：planet（行星），star（恒星），satellite（卫星），comet（彗星），asteroid（小行星），space station（空间站），telescope（望远镜） ◦ 太空探索相关：launch（发射），orbit（环绕轨道运行），land（登陆），exploration（探索），mission（任务），space suit（宇航服） ◦ 描述太空的形容词：mysterious（神秘的），vast（广阔的），infinite（无限的），unexplored（未被探索的），spectacular（壮观的） 2. 短语： ◦ 在太空中：in space，in the universe ◦ 对……有浓厚兴趣：have a keen interest in ◦ 致力于：devote oneself to，be dedicated to ◦ 实现梦想：realize one's dream ◦ 为……做出贡献：make contributions to 3. 句式： ◦ It is well - known that...（众所周知……），如It is well - known that the Earth orbits around the Sun. ◦ There is no doubt that...（毫无疑问……），如There is no doubt that space exploration will bring more benefits to humanity in the future. ◦ The reason why... is that...（……的原因是……），如The reason why we explore space is that we are eager to expand our knowledge and find new possibilities for human survival. 【示例·分步写作】 例题：Write an essay about the significance and challenges of space exploration.（写一篇关于太空探索的意义和挑战的文章。） 【答案】 写作思路： 1. 开头：引出太空探索话题，阐述其在人类发展中的重要地位 。“Space exploration, a remarkable human endeavor, has been a symbol of our curiosity and ambition. Since the first satellite was launched into space, it has opened a new chapter in human history, constantly driving us to explore the unknown.” 2. 中间 - 意义部分：从科学研究、资源开发、技术推动等方面论述 。“Firstly, space exploration provides us with invaluable opportunities for scientific research. Through observing celestial bodies in space, scientists can gain a deeper understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. For example, the study of Mars helps us explore the possibility of extraterrestrial life and the evolution of planets. Secondly, it offers the potential for resource development. There are abundant resources in space, such as rare metals on asteroids, which could potentially solve the resource shortage problem on Earth in the future. Moreover, space exploration has greatly promoted technological progress. Many technologies developed for space missions, like miniaturized electronics and advanced materials, have found applications in our daily lives, improving our living standards.” 3. 中间 - 挑战部分：分析面临的技术难题、高昂成本、太空垃圾等问题 。“However, space exploration also confronts numerous challenges. Technologically, ensuring the safety of astronauts and the reliability of spacecraft in the harsh space environment remains a huge challenge. The extreme temperatures, radiation, and microgravity require highly advanced technology to overcome. Financially, space missions are extremely costly. Building and launching spacecraft, as well as conducting long - term research, demand a large amount of funding. Additionally, the issue of space debris is becoming increasingly serious. The accumulation of space junk in orbit poses a threat to the normal operation of satellites and future space missions.” 4. 结尾：总结意义与挑战，表达对未来太空探索的展望 。“In conclusion, space exploration is of great significance for human development, but it also faces many obstacles. Nevertheless, with the continuous progress of technology and the joint efforts of the international community, we have every reason to believe that these challenges can be overcome, and space exploration will bring more surprises and benefits to humanity in the future.” 详解：开头简洁有力，点明太空探索的重要性，吸引读者兴趣。中间部分条理清晰，分别从意义和挑战两方面展开，运用“Firstly...Secondly...Moreover”“However”等连接词使文章逻辑连贯。论述意义时，通过举例、列举等方式，如“For example”列举火星研究，增强说服力；阐述挑战时，从技术、成本、环境等角度全面分析。结尾总结全文，展望未来，使文章结构完整，主题突出 ，符合议论文的写作要求。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 My Space 定语从句 关系代词 who（指人，作主语/宾语）、whom（指人，作宾语）、which（指物，作主语/宾语）、that（指人/物，作主语/宾语，可代替who/which，在以下情况常用：先行词含人和物、被序数词/最高级修饰、不定代词作先行词等）、whose（指人/物，作定语，表“……的”）。 例：The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister.（who指人，作主语）；This is the book which I bought yesterday.（which指物，作宾语）。 关系副词 when（指时间，作状语）、where（指地点，作状语）、why（指原因，作状语，先行词常为reason）。 例：I still remember the day when we first met.（when指时间）；This is the place where I grew up.（where指地点）。 现在完成时 构成 have/has + 过去分词 用法 ◦ 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果（常与already, yet, just, ever, never等连用）。 例：I have finished my homework.（作业已完成，对现在的影响是可以休息了）。 ◦ 表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在的动作或状态（常与for + 时间段、since + 时间点连用）。 例：We have lived here for 10 years.（从过去持续到现在的居住状态）。 单词 1. experiment n. 实验；试验 2. capable adj. 有能力的 3. survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在 4. unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地 5. labour - saving adj. 省力的 6. device n. 装置；仪器；设备 7. immediately adv. 立即；马上 8. disappear v. 消失；不见 9. regularly adv. 有规律地 10. bomb n. 炸弹 11. goods n. 商品；货品 12. petrol n. 汽油 13. boil v. （使）沸腾；煮沸 14. aim n. 目的；目标 15. narrow adj. 狭窄的 16. suffer v. 受苦，受难 17. argue v. 论证；说理；争辩 18. responsibility n. 职责；义务 19. arrange v. 整理；排列；布置 20. extremely adv. 极其；非常 短语 1. take cover 躲避；隐蔽 2. science fiction 科幻小说（或影片等） 3. domestic chores 家务琐事 4. prepare meals 准备饭菜 5. do the dishes 洗碗 6. make one's bed 整理床铺 7. in a mess 杂乱不堪 8. lay the table 摆好餐具 9. load the washing machine 把衣服放进洗衣机 10. entertain oneself 自娱自乐 熟词生义 1. cover：常见义为“覆盖，遮盖”，在“take cover”中表示“躲避处，遮蔽物”。 2. present：常见义为“礼物；现在”，作形容词时可表示“出席的，在场的”，如“all the people present”（所有在场的人）。 3. labour - saving：从构词上看是“节省劳力的”，但在某些语境中可引申为“便捷的，省心的”，描述事物能让人减少劳动量从而带来便利。 句型 1. It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.：表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，如It is necessary for us to keep our living space clean. 2. What + 主语 + need to do is...：意为“某人需要做的是……”，如What you need to do is to tidy up your room. 3. There is no doubt that...：表示“毫无疑问……”，如There is no doubt that a comfortable space can improve our life quality. 4. be about to do sth. when...：表示“正要做某事，这时……”，如I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. 5. It seems as if...：意为“似乎，好像”，如It seems as if this space has been transformed into a small paradise. 语法 本单元核心语法依然是定语从句，是对定语从句的进一步学习。主要涉及关系代词who、whom、whose、that、which的详细用法，以及关系副词when、where、why的用法。还讲解了as引导的定语从句，如“such...as...”“the same...as...”结构中as作为关系代词的用法。同时，强调了限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别，以及在不同语境中关系词的选择规则。 一、词汇清单 1. accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/ • 教材原句：A formula has the same meaning, regardless of any different language that accompanies it.（2021年静安区一模完形填空） • 用法搭配：accompany sb. 陪伴某人；be accompanied by 由……陪同，伴随。 • 写作佳句：The beautiful music is always accompanied by her sweet singing. 2. current /ˈkɜːrənt/ • 教材原句：Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills.（2018年青浦区一模阅读理解B篇） • 用法搭配：current affairs（时事），current situation（当前形势）。 • 写作佳句：We should pay attention to the current affairs to keep up - with the development of the world. 3. election /ɪˈlekʃn/ • 教材原句：It’s a striking number for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections.（2021年金山区二模阅读理解C篇） • 用法搭配：general election（大选），win an election（赢得选举）。 • 写作佳句：The coming election will have a great impact on the country’s future development. 4. intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ • 教材原句：There is plenty of complaints about how social media - texting in particular—may be harming children’s social and intellectual development.（2017年奉贤区二模阅读理解A篇） • 用法搭配：intellectual development（智力发展），intellectual property（知识产权）。 • 写作佳句：Reading more books is beneficial to our intellectual development. 5. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ • 教材原句：Amazon, Google and other technology companies are going to have to involve disabled people in design.（2021年长宁区一模阅读理解C篇） • 用法搭配：involve sb. in (doing) sth.（使某人参与某事），be involved in（参与，涉及）。 • 写作佳句：We should involve more students in the environmental - protection activities. 6. occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ • 教材原句：On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers.（2017年奉贤区二模阅读理解A篇） • 用法搭配：on occasion（有时，偶尔），on several occasions（在几次场合下）。 • 写作佳句：On occasion, we should take a break from our busy work to enjoy life. 7. refer /rɪˈfɜː(r)/ • 教材原句：Americans often refer to themselves not as cat - owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”.（2020年静安区一模阅读理解A篇） • 用法搭配：refer to（提到，涉及，参考），refer to...as...（把……称为……）。 • 写作佳句：When we talk about famous scientists, we often refer to Einstein. 8. represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ • 教材原句：It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.（2017年静安区一模阅读理解A篇） • 用法搭配：represent sth. as sth.（把……描绘成……），represent sb./sth.（代表某人/某物）。 • 写作佳句：The dove represents peace, and it is loved by people all over the world. 9. scared /skeəd/ • 教材原句：无（单元内有相关情感表达场景可涉及）。 • 用法搭配：be scared of（害怕……），be scared to do sth.（不敢做某事）。 • 写作佳句：Many children are scared of the dark. 10. routine /ˈruːtiːn/ • 教材原句：无（单元内有生活日常相关描述可涉及）。 • 用法搭配：daily routine（日常生活），routine work（日常工作）。 • 写作佳句：Developing a good daily routine is good for our physical and mental health. 【经典练】单句语法填空 题目1：He was involved ______ a serious accident. 题目2：Don't refer ______ this matter again, please. 题目3：On ______ (occasion), he will go to the park alone. 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 1. This is the room where I once lived.（这是我曾经住过的房间。） 2. I still remember the day when we met for the first time.（我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天。） 3. There is no reason why you should leave.（你没有理由离开。） 4. The park where we had a picnic last week is very beautiful.（我们上周野餐的那个公园非常漂亮。） 5. July is the month when many students take their summer vacations.（七月是许多学生放暑假的月份。） 【精讲·语法知识】 • 关系副词有when、where、why，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。其主要作用有三个：代替先行词，在定语从句中作状语，连接先行词与定语从句。 • when的用法：when在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词通常是time、day、season、age等表示时间的名词，可与on which、in which、at which等互换。如“Spring is the season when/in which flowers come out”（春天是花朵开放的季节）。 • where的用法：where在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是place、city、town、house等表示地点的名词，常可与in which互换。如“This is the town where/in which he grew up”（这是他长大的城镇）。 • why的用法：why在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词只能是reason，可与for which代替。如“That's the reason why/for which he was late”（那就是他迟到的原因）。 【经典练】　 1. This is the factory ______ my father works. 2. I will never forget the days ______ we spent together. 3. The reason ______ he was absent is that he was ill. 4. The hotel ______ we stayed last night was very comfortable. 5. Do you remember the time ______ we first went to the cinema? 6. This is the place ______ I used to play football. 7. The day ______ she left home was a sunny day. 8. There is no reason ______ you can't finish the work on time. 9. The town ______ we visited last year is very small. 10. I still remember the moment ______ I heard the good news. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 1. 构建逻辑框架：写作时采用清晰的结构，如总分总。开篇引出与“太空”相关的主题，像“Space exploration has always been a fascinating topic that captures the imagination of people around the world”，迅速抓住读者注意力。主体部分从不同方面展开论述，比如介绍太空探索的成就，可写“Numerous satellites have been launched, which play crucial roles in communication, weather forecasting and scientific research”；阐述太空探索面临的挑战，如“However, space exploration also faces great challenges. The harsh environment in space, such as radiation and microgravity, poses threats to astronauts' health” 。结尾总结升华，再次强调太空探索的重要性，如“To sum up, space exploration is not only a journey of discovery but also a driving force for human progress” 。 2. 合理运用说明方法：写介绍太空相关知识的文章时，运用多种说明方法能让内容更易懂。使用列数字，如 “The distance from the Earth to the Moon is about 384,400 kilometers”，准确说明事物特征。打比方也很实用，比如 “The Milky Way galaxy is like a huge spinning disk, with billions of stars” ，把抽象的星系形象化。作比较能突出差异，“The gravity on the Moon is only about one - sixth of that on the Earth” ，让读者更好理解。 3. 融入想象与情感：如果是写关于太空的想象作文，要大胆发挥想象。比如描述未来太空城市，“In the future, there might be a space city floating in the universe. It would be a self - sufficient community, with advanced technology to recycle resources and generate energy” 。同时，融入对太空的向往、敬畏等情感，“Every time I look up at the starry sky, a strong sense of wonder and longing for space exploration wells up in me” ，使文章更具感染力。 4. 准确使用专业词汇：积累并准确运用太空领域专业词汇，像astronaut（宇航员）、cosmic ray（宇宙射线）、space shuttle（航天飞机）、galaxy（星系）等。例如 “Astronauts need to undergo rigorous training before they can embark on a space mission” ，展现对主题的深入理解。同时，学会用同位语、定语从句等语法结构解释专业词汇，如 “The Hubble Space Telescope, which was launched into space in 1990, has provided us with many stunning images of distant galaxies” 。 5. 检查语法与拼写：完成写作后，仔细检查语法错误，如主谓一致、时态运用等。注意单词拼写，特别是专业词汇，比如不要把“astronaut”错写成“astranaut”。同时，检查句子间的衔接是否自然，逻辑是否连贯，比如连接词的使用是否恰当，像“however”“therefore”“moreover”等。 【积累·写作素材】 1. 词汇： ◦ 太空相关事物：planet（行星），star（恒星），satellite（卫星），comet（彗星），asteroid（小行星），space station（空间站），telescope（望远镜） ◦ 太空探索相关：launch（发射），orbit（环绕轨道运行），land（登陆），exploration（探索），mission（任务），space suit（宇航服） ◦ 描述太空的形容词：mysterious（神秘的），vast（广阔的），infinite（无限的），unexplored（未被探索的），spectacular（壮观的） 2. 短语： ◦ 在太空中：in space，in the universe ◦ 对……有浓厚兴趣：have a keen interest in ◦ 致力于：devote oneself to，be dedicated to ◦ 实现梦想：realize one's dream ◦ 为……做出贡献：make contributions to 3. 句式： ◦ It is well - known that...（众所周知……），如It is well - known that the Earth orbits around the Sun. ◦ There is no doubt that...（毫无疑问……），如There is no doubt that space exploration will bring more benefits to humanity in the future. ◦ The reason why... is that...（……的原因是……），如The reason why we explore space is that we are eager to expand our knowledge and find new possibilities for human survival. 【示例·分步写作】 例题：Write an essay about the significance and challenges of space exploration.（写一篇关于太空探索的意义和挑战的文章。） 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$