精品解析：福建福州第三中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考英语试卷

福州三中2024-2025学年第二学期高一期末考试 英语试卷 (试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟) 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力 (共两节，20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卷上。 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the man repair next? A. ATV. B. A light. C. A shower. 2. Which language will the woman study this year? A. French. B. Chinese C. English. 3. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A bottle of drink B. A shopping list. C. A new supermarket. 4. Where will the speakers go next? A. To the school. B. To the hospital. C. To a restaurant. 5. What are the speakers doing? A. Cooking. B. Shopping. C. Camping. 第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Co-workers. B. Mother and son. C. Shop assistant and customer. 7. What is Susan Storm Cape? A. A toy. B. A computer. C. A schoolbag. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. How does Jack probably feel about snakes? A. Afraid. B. Relaxed. C. Curious. 9. What has Julie probably been used to? A. Paying a lot for rent. B. Seeing wild animals. C. Traveling long distance to work. 10. Where did Julie work in the last two years? A. In Australia. B. In America. C. In Britain. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a bookstore. B. In a cafe C. In an office. 12. What does Alan ask Sophie to sign today? A. An employment agreement. B. A social media agreement. C. A staff handbook. 13. What will Sophie do this afternoon? A. Work on an online project. B. Look around in the office. C. Read a new book. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Why does the man like Inside Out? A. It reminds people of their childhood. B. It explains human’s feelings creatively. C. It tells the importance of family relationships. 15. Which movie will the speakers probably watch together? A. Jurassic Park. B. Lightyear. C. Coco. 16. When was the woman probably born? A. In 1983. B. In 1993. C. In 1995. 17. What made the speakers amazed about some old movies? A. The advanced technology. B. The creative directors. C. The serious subjects. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What time will the energy-saving effort begin? A. At 9:00 a. m. B. At 3:00 p. m. C. At 6:00 p. m. 19. Which Japanese city saw a new record temperature this weekend? A. Kyoto. B. Tokyo. C. Isesaki. 20. What happened to Japan in March? A. Some power stations stopped working. B. There were increasing electricity needs. C. People experienced the unusually hot weather. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，20小题;每小题2分，满分40分) 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分) A Mind-Bending Facts About Yoga It’s been around for roughly 5,000 years, but yoga is more popular today than ever. Here are some mind-bending facts about yoga. Vinyasa yoga, also called flow, is one of the most popular styles in the West. It focuses on linking a series of poses with the breath at a quick, smooth pace. Ashtanga is like Vinyasa, but more structured: it is made up of a series of poses done in the same order every time. Hot yoga is performed in a room heated between 33-40℃. The heat is said to increase vitality, flexibility and kilojoule (千焦尔) burn. Already into yoga and looking to change up your practice? Try one of the many modern yoga variations, such as Aerial and Animal yoga. Aerial yoga involves hanging from a silk swing attached to the ceiling; it reduces joint pressure that some people feel while doing floor poses. Animal yoga, on the other hand, is less about mastering poses and more about decreasing stress and boosting your mood by practicing alongside puppies, goats and even horses. Savasana looks simple, but it can be difficult to master, as it calls for a state of calm. Typically the final position of a yoga class, the purpose of this pose is to allow your practice to settle in your mind and body, and it’s ideally done for at least five minutes. After that, you and your classmates typically acknowledge each other with a greeting that even non-yogis know: Namaste. 1. Why is Ashtanga more structured than Vinyasa? A. It consists of a fixed order of poses. B. It emphasizes slow movements. C. It is practiced in a hot environment. D. It does not link poses with breath. 2. Which helps to ease stress on joints? A. Vinyasa yoga. B. Hot yoga. C. Aerial yoga. D. Animal yoga. 3. What is the aim of the final position in a yoga class? A. To boost overall vitality and flexibility. B. To acknowledge each other’s progress. C. To prepare for subsequent yoga sessions. D. To integrate practice into mind and body. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑜伽以及不同的种类和作用。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Ashtanga is like Vinyasa, but more structured: it is made up of a series of poses done in the same order every time.(阿斯汤加就像串联体式，但更有条理:它由一系列姿势组成，每次都以同样的顺序完成)”可知，阿斯汤加比串联体式更有条理因为它由固定的姿势顺序组成。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Aerial yoga involves hanging from a silk swing attached to the ceiling; it reduces joint pressure that some people feel while doing floor poses.(空中瑜伽包括悬挂在天花板上的丝绸秋千上；它减少了一些人在做地板姿势时感受到的关节压力)”可知，空中瑜伽有助于缓解关节的压力。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Typically the final position of a yoga class, the purpose of this pose is to allow your practice to settle in your mind and body, and it’s ideally done for at least five minutes.(这通常是瑜伽课的最后一个姿势，这个姿势的目的是让你的练习在你的思想和身体中安定下来，最好至少做五分钟)”可知，瑜伽课最后一个体式的目的是将练习融入身心。故选D。 B Liz Murray was born in 1980 to parents who used drugs. She grew up homeless in New York City. Despite her challenging upbringing, she changed it for the better and later graduated from Harvard University. Her life took a dramatic turn after her mother passed away in 1996. The loss of her mother was a profound and painful experience, but it also served as a wake-up call for Liz. She realized that her current circumstances did not have to define her future. This key moment made her see that life can be different if you want it to be. Motivated by this newfound perspective, she determined to take control of her destiny and pursue a better life through education. While still homeless, she finished high school in just two years. The key moment for Murray was when she changed the way she thought. To complete high school education, instead of making promises that had conditions, she made promises to herself that were strong and final and she studied in quiet places like hallways and public areas, proving that strong will can beat even the toughest situations. Her hard work paid off when she got a scholarship to Harvard. Her story got a lot of attention, and she appeared on shows like Oprah and in a lifetime movie. Today, Murray is a motivational speaker who talks about hope and self-dependence. She says that feeling uncomfortable and knowing yourself are important because they force you to confront your weaknesses and strengths. “Growth doesn’t happen in comfort zones,” she says, “but in the moments when you feel lost, uncertain, or even afraid.” She also learned that losing things—whether it’s material possessions or relationships—doesn’t change who you are. “Your identity isn’t tied to what you have, but to how you respond to what you lose,” she explains. Murray’s story shows how strong a person can be. She tells others to face their problems and use them to move forward. She even forgives herself for stealing self-help books in the past, because they helped her change. “Those books taught me that even in the darkest moments, I had the power to rewrite my story.” she recalls. Her journey shows that anyone can change their life, no matter how bad things seem. 4. What event marked a turning point in Liz Murray’s life? A. Her decision to attend Harvard University. B. The public recognition from media appearances. C A philosophical realization following her mother’s death. D. The need to escape homelessness through formal education. 5. How did Liz Murray manage to finish high school? A. By getting help from her family and friends. B. By joining special night classes for homeless students. C. By focusing only on her studies and ignoring everything else. D. By making firm promises to herself and studying in public places. 6. According to Liz Murray, why does discomfort matter to growth? A. Discomfort is a barrier that prevents people from achieving their goals. B. Discomfort is a sign that people are expanding their limits and growing. C. Discomfort is a necessary step for people to grow and improve themselves. D. Discomfort is something that can be ignored if people focus on their strengths. 7. Which message does Liz Murray’s story mainly tell us? A. Willpower and determination can reshape life. B. Personal growth depends on chances given by others. C. Success is guaranteed with education and social support. D. Education can change lives and help overcome difficulties. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了Liz Murray从无家可归到哈佛毕业的逆袭故事，证明了意志力和教育能改写人生的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Her life took a dramatic turn after her mother passed away in 1996. The loss of her mother was a profound and painful experience, but it also served as a wake-up call for Liz. She realized that her current circumstances did not have to define her future. This key moment made her see that life can be different if you want it to be. Motivated by this newfound perspective, she determined to take control of her destiny and pursue a better life through education. While still homeless, she finished high school in just two years(1996年母亲去世后，她的生活发生了戏剧性的转变。失去母亲是一段深刻而痛苦的经历，但也给莉兹敲响了警钟。她意识到，她现在的处境不必决定她的未来。这个关键时刻让她明白，只要你愿意，生活可以变得不一样。在这种新观点的激励下，她决心掌握自己的命运，通过教育追求更好的生活。虽然她仍然无家可归，但她只用了两年就完成了高中学业)”及第二段“The key moment for Murray was when she changed the way she thought.(对默里来说，关键时刻是她改变了自己的思维方式)”可知，Murray在母亲去世后的哲学领悟，表示了她生命的一个转折点。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To complete high school education, instead of making promises that had conditions, she made promises to herself that were strong and final and she studied in quiet places like hallways and public areas, proving that strong will can beat even the toughest situations.(为了完成高中学业，她没有做出有条件的承诺，而是对自己做出了坚定而坚定的承诺，她在走廊、公共场所等安静的地方学习，证明了坚强的意志可以战胜最艰难的处境)”可知，Murray通过对自己做出坚定的承诺，在公共场所学习成功完成高中学业。故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“She says that feeling uncomfortable and knowing yourself are important because they force you to confront your weaknesses and strengths. “Growth doesn’t happen in comfort zones,” she says, “but in the moments when you feel lost, uncertain, or even afraid.” (她说，感觉不舒服和了解自己很重要，因为它们迫使你面对自己的弱点和长处。“成长不会发生在舒适区，”她说，“而是发生在你感到迷茫、不确定甚至害怕的时刻。”)”可知，Murray认为，不舒适会让人面对自己的弱点，成长不在舒适区，而在迷失、不确定或害怕的时刻，它是人们成长和提高自己的必要步骤。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“She realized that her current circumstances did not have to define her future. This key moment made her see that life can be different if you want it to be. Motivated by this newfound perspective, she determined to take control of her destiny and pursue a better life through education. While still homeless, she finished high school in just two years.(她意识到，她现在的处境不必决定她的未来。这个关键时刻让她明白，只要你愿意，生活可以变得不一样。在这种新观点的激励下，她决心掌握自己的命运，通过教育追求更好的生活。虽然她仍然无家可归，但她只用了两年就完成了高中学业)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了Liz Murray凭借意志力（如坚定承诺、克服无家可归）改变命运的主题，选项A“意志与决心重塑人生”是核心信息，为本文所要传达的内容。故选A。 C What makes a good life? Philosophers have offered two classic answers to the question, captured by two different Greek words for happiness, hedonia and eudaimonia. A hedonic life is free from pain and full of everyday pleasure. A eudaemonic life is a virtuous (高洁的) and purposeful one, full of meaning. But in a new study, philosopher Lorraine Besser of Middlebury College and psychologist Shigehiro Oishi of the University of Virginia argue that there is a third important element of a good life, which they call “psychological richness”. According to this view, a good life is one that is interesting, varied and surprising-even if some of those surprises aren’t necessarily pleasant ones. In fact, the things that make a life psychologically rich may actually make it less happy in the ordinary sense. A happy life can be boring, but a psychologically rich life isn’t. Adventures, explorations and crises may be painful, but at least they are surprising. A psychologically rich life may be less eudaemonic. Those unexpected turns may lead you to stay away from your original purpose and act in ways that are less virtuous. Professors Besser and Oishi make the case for a psychologically rich life in a paper that has just appeared in the journal Philosophical Psychology. But is this a life that most people would actually want, or is it just for the sort of people who write philosophy articles? To find out, the professors and their colleagues did a study involving more than 3,000 people in nine countries. The researchers gave participants a list of 15 descriptive words such as “pleasant”, “meaningful” and “interesting”, and asked which best described a good life. When they analyzed the responses, Professors Besser and Oishi found that people indeed thought that a happy and meaningful life was a good life. But they also thought a psychologically rich life was important. In fact, across different cultures, about 10-15%of people said that if they were forced to choose, they would go for a psychologically rich life over a happy or meaningful one. In the second study, the researchers posed the question in a different way. Instead of asking people what kind of life they would choose, they asked what they regretted about the life they had actually led. Did they regret decisions that made their lives less happy or less meaningful? Or did they regret passing up a chance for interesting and surprising experiences? If they could undo one decision, what would it be? The researchers found that when people thought about their regrets, they were even more likely to value psychological richness. 8. According to the text, a psychologically rich life ____________. A. means a pleasant one B. undervalues life goals C. is anything but boring D. is full of unhappiness 9. Why did Besser and Oishi do the studies in paragraphs 6 and 7? A. To search for evidence for their articles. B. To find good ways to reflect on one’s life. C. To dig deep into the meaning of a good life. D. To test their idea about a good life on the public. 10. What does the underlined word “undo” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Announce. B. Erase. C. Uphold. D. Judge. 11. What could be the most suitable title for the text? A. Two studies on psychological health B. Don’t let regrets ruin your life C. Various opinions on a happy life D. A good life unnecessarily means a happy one 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Besser和Oishi教授提出心理丰富的生活理论，即一个心理丰富的生活并不意味着是一个快乐的生活。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四段“A happy life can be boring, but a psychologically rich life isn’t. Adventures, explorations and crises may be painful, but at least they are surprising. (幸福的生活可能很无聊，但心理丰富的生活却不是。冒险、探索和危机可能是痛苦的，但至少是令人惊讶的。)”可知，心理丰富的生活绝不无聊。故选C项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第五段“Professors Besser and Oishi make the case for a psychologically rich life in a paper that has just appeared in the journal Philosophical Psychology. But is this a life that most people would actually want, or is it just for the sort of people who write philosophy articles?(Besser和Oishi教授在刚刚发表在《哲学心理学》杂志上的一篇论文中阐述了心理丰富的生活。但这是大多数人真正想要的生活，还是只适合写哲学文章的人？)”以及第六段“To find out, the professors and their colleagues did a study involving more than 3,000 people in nine countries. (为了找到答案，教授和他们的同事进行了一项涉及9个国家3000多人的研究。)”可知，Besser和Oishi教授做这些研究是为了在公众面前检验他们对美好生活的看法。故选D项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。由最后一段“Instead of asking people what kind of life they would choose, they asked what they regretted about the life they had actually led. Did they regret decisions that made their lives less happy or less meaningful? Or did they regret passing up a chance for interesting and surprising experiences?(他们没有问人们会选择什么样的生活，而是问他们对自己实际过的生活有什么遗憾。他们是否后悔那些让他们的生活不那么幸福或没有意义的决定？还是他们后悔错过了一次有趣而令人惊讶的经历？)”可知，这里主要调查大家后悔的事情，所以后文假设如果可以删除一个后悔的决定，他们会怎么选哪一个，所以猜测划线单词表示“删除，移除”的意思。故选B项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第三段“According to this view, a good life is one that is interesting, varied and surprising-even if some of those surprises aren’t necessarily pleasant ones. In fact, the things that make a life psychologically rich may actually make it less happy in the ordinary sense.(根据这一观点，美好的生活是有趣、多样和令人惊讶的，即使其中一些惊喜不一定是令人愉快的。事实上，让生活在心理上丰富的东西实际上可能会让它在普通意义上不那么快乐。)”以及第四段“A happy life can be boring, but a psychologically rich life isn’t. Adventures, explorations and crises may be painful, but at least they are surprising. A psychologically rich life may be less eudaemonic. Those unexpected turns may lead you to stay away from your original purpose and act in ways that are less virtuous.(幸福的生活可能很无聊，但心理丰富的生活却不是。冒险、探索和危机可能是痛苦的，但至少是令人惊讶的。心理丰富的生活可能不那么幸福。这些意想不到的转变可能会让你偏离最初的目的，以不那么道德的方式行事。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介绍Besser和Oishi教授提出的心理丰富的生活理论，即一个心理丰富的生活并不意味着是一个快乐的生活。故选D项。 D Primordial (原生的) black holes (PBHs) are dark matter that may have been born in the first second after the Big Bang. Over the last 13. 8 billion years they would have spread across the universe. According to a new study, these tiny, ancient black holes could rush through our Solar System. A team of scientists has worked out that they might speed through our nearby woods as often as once a decade, based on the estimated distribution of dark matter across a given region of space. They found that a PBH, packing the mass of a small planet into a space the size of a single atom (原子) , should stream through the inner Solar System about once every 10 years or so. Although we wouldn’t be able to directly see it, such a visitor would still make its existence known. If a PBH came within about 280 million miles of Mars, it would result in a detectable wobble (摇晃) in the red planet’s course. The shift would only be about 1 meter over 10 years, but that’s enough for us to pick up, since we can measure the distance of Mars from Earth to within about 10 centimeters. The study started with a fun question: what would happen if a PBH passed a person? Lead author, scientist Tung Tran from MIT, roughly calculated that if one came within a meter of you, you’d be thrown about 6 meters away in 1 second. While that is rather unlikely, it got the team wondering how a PBH flying through the solar system would affect planets and moons. “The numbers we got were not very clear. There are many other factors in the solar system that could act as some sort of resistance to cause the wobble to dampen out,” says Tung. So, the researchers then created the effects in lab which is the same as a PBH flyby on Mercury (水星), Venus, and Mars to see if their wobbles would be easier to notice. Of those, Mars gave the clearest signal, largely because it’s such a heavily monitored planet. Still, more detailed experiments involving more objects will need to be conducted to get a more accurate understanding of those factors. “We need as much clarity as we can of the expected backgrounds, such as the typical speeds of space rocks in contrast to these PBHs,” says MIT physicist David Kaiser. It is our hope that in the coming decades, advances in science will offer new evidence. With a bit more work, it’s possible that astronomers could get lucky, spot a wobble, and uncover one of the biggest mysteries about universe. 12. What does a passing PBH possibly cause ? A. a planet to rock in its course. B. resistance to cancel out a wobble. C. a person to explode instantly. D. Mars to shake violently. 13. How can scientists notice a PBH speeding through Solar System? A. By monitoring a single atom nearby. B. By observing an obvious shake of Mars. C. By measuring the Mars-Earth distance. D. By analyzing the presence of dark matter. 14. Which of the following best explains “dampen out” underlined in paragraph 4? A. Be difficult to make out. B. Regularly occur. C. Be interesting to observe. D. Narrowly escape. 15. What is the last paragraph mainly about in terms of the research? A. Its current limitations. B. Astronomers with good luck. C. Its potential applications. D. Expectations for further studies. 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们对原始的黑洞（PBHs）的研究，包括它们可能对太阳系行星产生的影响，以及科学家们如何通过观测行星的微小晃动来探测这些神秘的黑洞。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“If a PBH came within about 280 million miles of Mars, it would result in a detectable wobble (摇晃) in the red planet’s course. (如果一个PBH进入火星大约2.8亿英里的范围内，它将导致这颗红色行星的轨道出现可探测到的晃动。)”可知，经过的原始黑洞可能会导致行星在其轨道上摇晃。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The shift would only be about 1 meter over 10 years, but that’s enough for us to pick up, since we can measure the distance of Mars from Earth to within about 10 centimeters. (10年内这个偏移量只有大约1米，但这已经足够我们探测到了，因为我们可以将火星与地球之间的距离测量到大约10厘米以内。)”可知，科学家们可以通过测量火星与地球之间的距离来注意到一个快速穿过太阳系的PBH。故选C项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词组所在句“There are many other factors in the solar system that could act as some sort of resistance to cause the wobble to dampen out (太阳系中有许多其他因素可能起到某种阻力作用，导致晃动dampen out)”可知，太阳系中有许多其他因素可能起到某种阻力作用，有阻力会导致晃动减弱或难以察觉，由此可推知，划线词组dampen out应意为“难以察觉”。故选A项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Still, more detailed experiments involving more objects will need to be conducted to get a more accurate understanding of those factors. (尽管如此，为了更准确地了解这些因素，还需要进行涉及更多物体的更详细的实验。)”以及“It is our hope that in the coming decades, advances in science will offer new evidence. (我们希望在未来几十年里，科学的进步将提供新的证据。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了对这项研究的进一步期望。故选D项。 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many parents are looking for ways to help their kids learn at home. Toys advertised as teaching STEM might seem like one way to achieve this goal. ____16____ The answer is yes. Toys can indeed teach science, technology, engineering and math concepts — but don’t focus on advertising or fancy labels to find the best bets. There’s no minimum educational requirement that toys must reach to label themselves a “STEM toy”, so almost everything on the market is untested. ____17____ Some proven winners? Tinkertoys, board games, decks of cards and building blocks. ____18____ In preschool, for example, the construction of complex block buildings is associated with an improvement in math learning. Blocks, puzzles and shape toys boost spatial skills. Spatial skills, in turn, are associated with later math learning, suggesting that the early exploration of shapes acts as a springboard for more complex math concepts. There are five characteristics that make for a good educational toy: active, engaging, meaningful, encouraging social play and fun. Good play has these characteristics built in. Toys that allow children to build and create also have the advantage of being renewable. ____19____ It means that kids don’t become bored with them easily. Though adults certainly don’t have to participate in the building of every block tower, some grown-up guidance can help boost kids’ learning from play. One useful tool adults can use while playing with their children is “math talk”. This kind of talk encourages kids to think more deeply about math. ____20____ Parents can play guessing games with their kids like “Which is the most?” or play simple scorekeeping games like drop-the-clothespins-in-the-jar. A. But do they really work? B. Are the advertisements misleading? C. They’re different every time children return to them. D. Parents get involved by having math talks with kids. E. Conveniently, math talk doesn’t require any toy purchases at all. F. Instead, look for toys that encourage open-ended, active play and problem-solving. G. Research shows creative, open-ended play is how young children learn STEM concepts. 【答案】16. A 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于教学玩具是否具有教育功能，好的教育玩具的特点等。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Toys advertised as teaching STEM might seem like one way to achieve this goal.”（宣传教STEM的玩具似乎是实现这一目标的一种方式。）以及下文“The answer is yes. Toys can indeed teach science, technology, engineering and math concepts — but don’t focus on advertising or fancy labels to find the best bets.”（答案是肯定的。玩具确实可以教授科学、技术、工程和数学概念——但不要把注意力集中在广告或花哨的标签上，以找到最好的选择。）可知，下设空处为一般疑问句，就宣传教STEM的玩具是否真的能够帮助孩子学习进行提问。故A选项“它们真的有效吗?”切题。故选A项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“There’s no minimum educational requirement that toys must reach to label themselves a “STEM toy”, so almost everything on the market is untested.”（玩具要贴上“STEM玩具”的标签并没有最低的教育要求，所以市场上几乎所有的东西都是未经测试的。）可知，选项与上文为转折关系，说明要寻找哪类的玩具。故F选项“相反，寻找那些鼓励开放式、积极的游戏和解决问题的玩具。”切题；下文“Some proven winners? Tinkertoys, board games, decks of cards and building blocks.”（一些被证实的赢家？修补玩具、棋盘游戏、扑克牌和积木。）承接F选项，列举了一些被证实具有教育功能的玩具。故选F项。 【18题详解】 下文“In preschool, for example, the construction of complex block buildings is associated with an improvement in math learning. Blocks, puzzles and shape toys boost spatial skills. Spatial skills, in turn, are associated with later math learning, suggesting that the early exploration of shapes acts as a springboard for more complex math concepts.”（例如，在学前教育中，建造复杂的积木建筑与数学学习的提高有关。积木、拼图和形状玩具可以提高空间技能。反过来，空间技能与后来的数学学习有关，这表明早期对形状的探索是学习更复杂数学概念的跳板。）通过举例，具体说明了创造性的、开放式的游戏是幼儿学习STEM概念的方式。所以选项总起下文说明创造性的、开放式的游戏是幼儿学习STEM概念的方式。故G选项“研究表明，创造性的、开放式的游戏是幼儿学习STEM概念的方式。”切题。故选G项。 【19题详解】 上文“Toys that allow children to build and create also have the advantage of being renewable.”（让孩子们建造和创造的玩具也具有可再生的优势。）指出，让孩子们建造和创造的玩具具有可以变换更新的特点；C选项“每次返给孩子们时，他们都不一样。”承接上文，继续阐述这些玩具的特点，选项中“They”指代上文中的“Toys that allow children to build and create”，“different every time children return to them”与上文“renewable”相对应；下文“It means that kids don’t become bored with them easily.”（这意味着孩子们不会轻易对它们感到厌倦。）承接C选项，阐述这些玩具每次都不同所带来的益处，“It”指代C选项的内容。故选C项。 【20题详解】 根据上文“One useful tool adults can use while playing with their children is “math talk”. This kind of talk encourages kids to think more deeply about math.”（成年人可以使用与他们的孩子玩耍是“数学谈话”。这种谈话鼓励孩子们更深入地思考数学。）可知，选项承接上文说明“数学谈话”的优势。故E选项“方便的是，数学谈话根本不需要购买任何玩具。”切题。故选E项。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Moxie, my service dog, came into my life after I was diagnosed with a ____21____ genetic disorder, which causes extreme pain. I have had to be ____22____ to hospital many times and undergo multiple operations. Once a tennis player, I found myself in a wheelchair, ____23____ to do things I used to be able to do. Moxie helps fetch things for me, lets me know if I’m going to ____24____, picks things up, and so much more. I had no idea of the great ____25____ she would have on my life until that Saturday night when I wanted to end it all. The moment Moxie jumped on my bed and ____26____ her little paws around me, it was as though she restored my desire to live. I was still ____27____, but I found a small path to try to make my way through. I just needed to find a new way to fight. I needed to stop ____28____ all the things I couldn’t do anymore and find something, anything that I could do. Looking at Moxie and knowing how much she ____29____ my life, I thought about the many ____30____ who could benefit from a service dog but might not be able to pay the high price. I wanted to pay it forward, and lift someone else up. That’s when the idea to ____31____ fund a service dog for someone else came to mind: Moxie’s Mission. And that’s what I did. Through hospital stays, surgeries, and rehab (康复), Moxie’ s Mission kept me going. We ____32____ the $20,000 needed to fund our first service dog. We didn’t ____33____ there, though! We are traveling to different groups to talk about mental health issues in an effort to help break down the barrier behind mental ____34____. I’m publishing a children’s book and educating others on support dogs. Moxie’s Mission just keeps growing, and though life is still ____35____, I got my life back. I found my purpose. 21. A. mere B. regular C. rare D. similar 22. A. devoted B. admitted C. invited D. exposed 23. A. unable B. hesitant C. ready D. proper 24. A. pass out B. calm down C. wake up D. miss out 25. A. limit B. tension C. trouble D. impact 26. A. waved B. wrapped C. struck D. pressed 27. A. ashamed B. relieved C. depressed D. annoyed 28. A. focusing on B. showing off C. handing over D. brushing aside 29. A. escaped B. designed C. ruined D. changed 30. A. neighbors B. individuals C. colleagues D. teammates 31. A. fully B. temporarily C. causally D. naturally 32. A. declined B. withdrew C. distributed D. raised 33. A. follow B. serve C. stop D. continue 34. A. functions B. struggles C. comforts D. solutions 35. A. effortless B. uneventful C. convenient D. challenging 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者被诊断出罕见遗传病后陷入困境，服务犬莫克西改变了其生活，作者由此发起Moxie’s Mission，筹集资金资助服务犬并开展心理健康相关活动。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我被诊断出患有一种罕见的遗传病后，我的服务犬莫克西进入了我的生活，这种病会导致极度疼痛。A. mere仅仅的；B. regular有规律的；C. rare罕见的；D. similar相似的。根据后文“I have had to be ____ to hospital many times and undergo multiple operations”可知，多次住院和接受手术说明这不是常见的疾病，而是一种罕见的病。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不得不多次住院并接受多次手术。A. devoted奉献；B. admitted准许进入(医院等)；C. invited邀请；D. exposed暴露。根据后文“undergo multiple operations”可知，要进行手术就需要先住院；be admitted to hospital“住院”。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：曾经是一名网球运动员的我，发现自己坐在轮椅上，无法做我以前能做的事情。A. unable不能的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. ready准备好的；D. proper合适的。前文提到“Once a tennis player, I found myself in a wheelchair”，从网球运动员到坐在轮椅上，说明身体状况不允许做以前能做的事了。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：莫克西帮我拿东西，如果我要晕倒了会告诉我，捡起东西，还有很多其他的事情。A. pass out晕倒；B. calm down冷静下来；C. wake up醒来；D. miss out错过。根据前文“I was diagnosed with a ____ genetic disorder, which causes extreme pain. I have had to be ____ to hospital many times and undergo multiple operations.”可知，作者经历了痛苦和多次手术，身体状况很不好，结合句中“helps fetch things for me”和“picks things up, and so much more”可推知，莫克西会照顾作者生活，也包括关注作者的状态，即在他要失去知觉时提醒他。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到那个周六晚上我想结束这一切的时候，我才知道她会对我的生活产生多么大的影响。A. limit限制；B. tension紧张；C. trouble麻烦；D. impact影响。根据后文“that Saturday night when I wanted to end it all.”和“The moment Moxie jumped on my bed and ____ her little paws around me, it was as though she restored my desire to live.”可知，在作者准备结束生命的时候，莫克西的举动让作者恢复了求生欲，说明它对作者生活产生了很大影响。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：莫克西跳到我的床上，用她的小爪子抱住我的那一刻，仿佛她恢复了我活下去的欲望。A. waved挥手；B. wrapped缠绕，包裹；C. struck打击；D. pressed按压。根据后文“around me”可知，莫克西用小爪子缠绕作者，即抱住作者。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我仍然很沮丧，但我找到了一条小出路，试图找到前进的方向。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. annoyed恼怒的。前文“I wanted to end it all”说明作者之前处于很消极的状态，结合“I was still”可知，虽然莫克西让作者有了一丝希望，但他仍然是沮丧的。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我需要停止关注所有我再也不能做的事情，去找到一些，任何我能做的事情。A. focusing on关注；B. showing off炫耀；C. handing over移交；D. brushing aside不理会。根据前文作者因为不能做以前能做的事而消极，后文“find something, anything that I could do”又说要找能做的事，所以这里是要停止关注不能做的事。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着莫克西，知道她让我的生活产生了多大的改变，我想到了很多可能会从服务犬中受益，但可能无法支付高昂费用的人。A. escaped逃脱；B. designed设计；C. ruined毁坏；D. changed改变。前文提到莫克西让作者从想结束生命到恢复求生欲，还找到了新的目标，说明它改变了作者的生活。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看着莫克西，知道她对我的生活产生了多大的改变，我想到了很多可能会从服务犬中受益，但可能无法支付高昂费用的人。A. neighbors邻居；B. individuals个人；C. colleagues同事；D. teammates队友。根据后文“who could benefit from a service dog but might not be able to pay the high price”可知，作者想到的是那些能用到服务犬，却无法支付高昂费用的个人。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我想到了为别人全额资助一只服务犬的想法：Moxie’s Mission。A. fully完全地；B. temporarily暂时地；C. causally随意地；D. naturally自然地。根据后文“We raised the $20,000 needed to fund our first service dog”可知，筹集资金是为了全额资助服务犬。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们筹集到了资助我们第一只服务犬所需的2万美元。A. declined拒绝；B. withdrew撤回；C. distributed分配；D. raised筹集。根据前文可知作者有发起Moxie’s Mission资助服务犬的想法。结合前文“Moxie’ s Mission kept me going”和后文“the $20,000”可推知，这是作者发起的Moxie’s Mission筹集到的资金。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，我们并没有就此止步！A. follow跟随；B. serve服务；C. stop停止；D. continue继续。后文“We are traveling to different groups to talk about mental health issues in an effort to help break down the barrier behind...”说明作者他们在筹集资金资助服务犬后，还开展了其他活动，没有止步于此。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正在前往不同的团体，谈论心理健康问题，以帮助打破心理健康困境背后的障碍。A. functions功能；B. struggles困境，挣扎；C. comforts安慰；D. solutions解决方案。前文提到作者自己因为疾病有心理上的消极情绪，所以这里是针对心理健康方面的困境进行讨论，以打破障碍。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Moxie’s Mission一直在发展，虽然生活仍然充满挑战，但我找回了我的生活。A. effortless轻松的；B. uneventful平静的；C. convenient方便的；D. challenging有挑战性的。前文提到作者患有疾病，经历多次住院和手术，生活充满困难和挑战，结合“life is still”可知，困难和挑战并没有消失，生活中仍然充满挑战。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Beautiful Forbidden City The Forbidden City one of the most famous landmarks in China, ____36____ (stand) at the heart of Beijing, carrying over 600 years of history. Having witnessed the reigns of 24 emperors, it has become a symbol of China’s rich cultural heritage. Visitors are often amazed by the grand halls and delicate gardens, which are designed with great accuracy ____37____ (reflect) traditional Chinese culture. As they pass through the big red gates, they are immediately transported back in time. The intricate carvings and golden rooftops, which shine brilliantly under the sun, add to the palace’s ____38____ (beautiful). Although China is home to many historical sites, few are ____39____ (impressive) than the Forbidden City. It is a place ____40____ ancient art and imperial power are perfectly combined, attracting millions of tourists each year. Strict rules have been applied to prevent damage ____41____ careless visitors, ensuring its charm remains well reserved for future generations. The site appears especially magical in winter, when a thin layer of snow ____42____ (cover) the rooftops makes the golden bricks shine even brighter. In recent years, modern technologies ____43____ (use) to protect and restore this ancient masterpiece. Thanks to these efforts, people can continue to appreciate its magnificence for ____44____ (century) to come. For those who love history and architecture, _____45_____ visit to the Forbidden City is a must. It is not only a historical landmark but also a treasure of Chinese civilization. 【答案】36. stands 37. to reflect 38. beauty 39. more impressive 40. where 41. from 42. covering 43. have been used 44. centuries 45. a 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国著名的地标性建筑——故宫。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：故宫，中国最著名的地标性建筑之一，坐落在北京的中心，承载着600多年的历史。此处表示客观事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语The Forbidden City是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填stands。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：游客们常常惊叹于那些宏伟的宫殿和精致的花园，它们经过精心设计，精准地体现了中国传统文化。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to reflect。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：那些复杂精细的雕刻和金色的屋顶，在阳光下闪耀着璀璨的光芒，增添了这座宫殿的美丽。空格处用名词作宾语，beautiful的名词是beauty，是不可数名词。故填beauty。 【39题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：尽管中国有许多历史遗迹，但很少有能比故宫更令人印象深刻的了。由than可知，空格处用比较级，impressive的比较级是more impressive。故填more impressive。 【40题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这是一个古代艺术与皇权完美结合的地方，每年都吸引着数百万游客。空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词place，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：严格的规定已被实施，以防止粗心的游客对其造成破坏，确保它的魅力能完好地保留给子孙后代。prevent...from...是固定短语，意为“防止……”，因此空格处是介词from。故填from。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫在冬季显得格外神奇，当薄薄的一层雪覆盖在屋顶上时，使得金色的砖瓦更加明亮耀眼。句中谓语是appears，空格处用非谓语动词，snow和cover之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词作后置定语。故填covering。 【43题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，现代技术已被用于保护和修复这一古老的杰作。由In recent years可知，句子时态用现在完成时，现代技术是被使用，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，即have/has been done，主语technologies是复数，因此空格处是have been used。故填have been used。 【44题详解】 考查名词的复数。句意：近年来，现代技术已被用于保护和修复这一古老的杰作。century是可数名词，此处表示泛指，前面无不定冠词，因此空格处用复数centuries。故填centuries。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：对于那些热爱历史和建筑的人来说，参观故宫是必不可少的。visit是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，visit发音以辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a修饰。故填a。 第四部分 课内知识 (共三节，满分25分) 第一节 (共7小题;每小题1分，满分7分) 根据语境，选择下框中的单词替换句中划线部分的单词或短语，使之意思一致。框中有一个多余的单词。 A. launch B. admitted C. operation D. claimed E. otherwise F. settle G. maintain H. despite 46. J. K. Rowling has finished writing her new book and the official publish date is in May. 47. There was some music playing upstairs, or the house was silent. 48. The use of the device is extremely simple, and a beginner can handle it with ease. 49. Mary was finally accepted to the university she had dreamed of for years. 50. The unexpected volcanic eruption killed many lives, leaving countless families in grief. 51. The government has tried to address the issue caused by the flood. 52. The house costs a fortune to repair and the owner cannot afford it. 【答案】46. A 47. E 48. C 49. B 50. D 51. F 52. G 【解析】 46题详解】 考查动词。句意：J.K.罗琳已经完成了她的新书，官方出版日期是五月。原句中“publish”意为“出版”，与“launch”（发布、推出）意思一致，故选A。 【47题详解】 考查连词。句意：楼上在播放音乐，否则房子里很安静。原句中“or”表示“否则”，与“otherwise”意思一致，故选E。 【48题详解】 考查名词。句意：这个设备的使用非常简单，操作起来连初学者都能轻松应对。原句中“use”意为“使用”，与“operation”（操作、使用）意思一致，故选C。 【49题详解】 考查动词。句意：玛丽终于被她梦寐以求的大学录取了。原句中“accepted”意为“接受、录取”，与“admitted”（录取、接纳）意思一致，故选B。 【50题详解】 考查动词。句意：意外的火山爆发夺走了许多生命，让无数家庭陷入悲痛。原句中“killed”意为“夺走生命”，与“claimed”（夺去生命、造成伤亡）意思一致，故选D。 【51题详解】 考查动词。句意：政府已试图解决洪水引发的问题。原句中“address”意为“处理、解决”，与“settle”（解决、处理）意思一致，故选F。 【52题详解】 考查动词。句意：这所房子的维修费用高昂，房主负担不起。原句中“repair”意为“修理”，与“maintain”（维护、修理）意思一致，故选G。 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据语境，选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个多余的单词或短语。 carry on bring about in case (of) on the spot (be) determined to intend monitor 53. In recent years, globalization ________ greater cultural diversity in many cities, making them more colorful and inclusive. 54. The astronauts’ courage inspires us ________ supporting space exploration despite the challenges. 55. Zoo officials said during the treatment, this elephant ________ closely through physical exams and blood tests. 56. The hospital has a backup generator ________ there is a power failure. 57. ________ help humans realize their dream to explore space, some scientists devoted themselves to the career. 【答案】53. has brought about 54. to carry on 55. was monitored 56. in case 57 Determined to 【解析】 【53题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：近年来，全球化在许多城市带来了更大的文化多样性，使它们更加丰富多彩和包容。根据“globalization”和“greater cultural diversity”可推知，全球化在许多城市带来了更大的文化多样性，用动词短语bring about作谓语，意为“带来，造成”，结合时间状语“In recent years”可知，句子用现在完成时，主语globalization是不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has brought about。 【54题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：宇航员们的勇气激励着我们不顾挑战继续支持太空探索。根据句意“继续支持太空探索”可知，空格处应填动词短语carry on，意为“继续”，inspire sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“激励某人做某事”，用to carry on作宾语补足语。故填to carry on。 【55题详解】 考查动词。句意：动物园官员表示，在治疗期间，这头大象通过体检和血液测试受到密切监测。根据“during the treatment”和“through physical exams and blood tests”可推知，大象“受到密切监测”，空格处应填动词monitor作谓语，与主语elephant之间是被动关系，句子讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填was monitored。 【56题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：医院有一台备用发电机，以防停电。“以防停电”是“医院有一台备用发电机”的目的，用in case引导目的状语从句。故填in case。 【57题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想，一些科学家致力于这一事业。根据语境，表示“决心做某事”，用形容词短语determined to do...作状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Determined to。 第三节 (共4小题：每小题2分，满分8分) 根据括号中的提示进行英汉互译。78-79题汉译英，80-81题英译汉。 58. 对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的。 (使用比较级) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For a person, life is more precious than anything else. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词比较级。“对一个人来说”作状语，用介词短语for a person；主语“生命”用名词life；“是”作谓语，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，用系动词is；“最宝贵的”作表语，根据要求使用否定词与比较级形式“more precious than anything else”连用，表示最高级。综上，全句译为：For a person, life is more precious than anything else. 59. 他从来没有想到他能取得如此巨大的进步。 (occur) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It never occurred to him that he would make such great progress. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定句型。表示“从未想到”用固定句型It never occurred to sb. that...，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句，句子描述过去的情况，用一般过去时，谓语用occurred，“他”使用宾格形式him，that从句中主语是he，表示“取得如此巨大的进步”用make such great progress，其中make为从句中的谓语，从句表示动作从过去看将要发生，使用过去将来时，即would make。故翻译为It never occurred to him that he would make such great progress. 60. 他匆忙赶到商店，却发现店门关着 (find的复合结构，不定式作状语) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He hurried to the shop, only to find it closed. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“他”应用he；表示“匆忙赶到”应用hurry to，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时；表示“商店”应用the shop；表示“发现店门关着”应用find it closed，此处表示出乎意料的结果，应用动词不定式作结果状语，加上only进行强调。故翻译成：He hurried to the shop, only to find it closed.。 61. Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. (英译汉) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】神秘感激发好奇心，而好奇心则是人们探索未知事物的前提。 【解析】 【详解】考查名词，句子结构和时态。本句是一个and连接的并列句，陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时。第一个简单句中主语Mystery“神秘感”，谓语creates“创造，激发”，宾语wonder“好奇心”；and是并列连词，连接两个并列的简单句；第二个简单句中，主语wonder“好奇心”，系动词is，表语the basis of man’s desire to understand，其中the basis of表示“……的基础，……的前提”，名词短语man’s desire to understand“人类想要理解的欲望”，也就是“人们探索未知事物的欲望”。故翻译为：神秘感激发好奇心，而好奇心则是人们探索未知事物的前提。 第五部分 写作 (满分25分) 62. 学习了“金钱的价值”这一单元后，班级同学们对这一话题进行了热烈的讨论。有些同学认为金钱是最重要的东西，另一些同学认为金钱不是最重要的。请你就此在校刊上用英文写一篇短文，简要探讨这两种观点，并提出你的看法。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 标题已经给出，不计入总词数; Value of Money ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Value of Money Recently, our class has heatedly debated whether money is the most important thing in life. Opinions are divided. Some think money is the most important, as it covers daily needs like food and housing, and brings comfort. Others argue money isn’t everything. It can’t buy health, love, or happiness. True joy comes from relationships and personal growth. In my view, while money is important, it shouldn’t be the sole focus. We should strive for a balanced life where financial stability coexists with emotional well-being. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文写一篇短文，简要探讨同学们关于金钱的不同观点，并提出自己的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：important → significant 观点：opinion → view 买：buy → purchase 快乐：happiness → pleasure 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句： Others argue money isn’t everything. It can’t buy health, love, or happiness. 拓展句：Others argue money isn’t everything because it can’t buy health, love, or happiness. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Recently, our class has heatedly debated whether money is the most important thing in life.(运用了whether引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】In my view, while money is important, it shouldn’t be the sole focus.(运用了while引导状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 福州三中2024-2025学年第二学期高一期末考试 英语试卷 (试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟) 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力 (共两节，20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卷上。 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the man repair next? A. ATV. B. A light. C. A shower. 2. Which language will the woman study this year? A. French. B. Chinese C. English. 3. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A bottle of drink B. A shopping list. C. A new supermarket. 4. Where will the speakers go next? A. To the school. B. To the hospital. C. To a restaurant. 5 What are the speakers doing? A. Cooking. B. Shopping. C. Camping. 第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Co-workers. B. Mother and son. C. Shop assistant and customer. 7. What is Susan Storm Cape? A. A toy. B. A computer. C. A schoolbag. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. How does Jack probably feel about snakes? A. Afraid. B. Relaxed. C. Curious. 9. What has Julie probably been used to? A. Paying a lot for rent. B. Seeing wild animals. C. Traveling long distance to work. 10. Where did Julie work in the last two years? A. In Australia. B. In America. C. In Britain. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a bookstore. B. In a cafe C. In an office. 12. What does Alan ask Sophie to sign today? A. An employment agreement. B. A social media agreement. C. A staff handbook. 13. What will Sophie do this afternoon? A. Work on an online project. B. Look around in the office. C. Read a new book. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Why does the man like Inside Out? A. It reminds people of their childhood. B. It explains human’s feelings creatively. C. It tells the importance of family relationships. 15. Which movie will the speakers probably watch together? A. Jurassic Park. B. Lightyear. C. Coco. 16. When was the woman probably born? A. In 1983. B. In 1993. C. In 1995. 17. What made the speakers amazed about some old movies? A. The advanced technology. B. The creative directors. C. The serious subjects. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What time will the energy-saving effort begin? A At 9:00 a. m. B. At 3:00 p. m. C. At 6:00 p. m. 19. Which Japanese city saw a new record temperature this weekend? A. Kyoto. B. Tokyo. C. Isesaki. 20. What happened to Japan in March? A. Some power stations stopped working. B. There were increasing electricity needs. C. People experienced the unusually hot weather. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，20小题;每小题2分，满分40分) 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分) A Mind-Bending Facts About Yoga It’s been around for roughly 5,000 years, but yoga is more popular today than ever. Here are some mind-bending facts about yoga. Vinyasa yoga, also called flow, is one of the most popular styles in the West. It focuses on linking a series of poses with the breath at a quick, smooth pace. Ashtanga is like Vinyasa, but more structured: it is made up of a series of poses done in the same order every time. Hot yoga is performed in a room heated between 33-40℃. The heat is said to increase vitality, flexibility and kilojoule (千焦尔) burn. Already into yoga and looking to change up your practice? Try one of the many modern yoga variations, such as Aerial and Animal yoga. Aerial yoga involves hanging from a silk swing attached to the ceiling; it reduces joint pressure that some people feel while doing floor poses. Animal yoga, on the other hand, is less about mastering poses and more about decreasing stress and boosting your mood by practicing alongside puppies, goats and even horses. Savasana looks simple, but it can be difficult to master, as it calls for a state of calm. Typically the final position of a yoga class, the purpose of this pose is to allow your practice to settle in your mind and body, and it’s ideally done for at least five minutes. After that, you and your classmates typically acknowledge each other with a greeting that even non-yogis know: Namaste. 1. Why is Ashtanga more structured than Vinyasa? A. It consists of a fixed order of poses. B. It emphasizes slow movements. C. It is practiced in a hot environment. D. It does not link poses with breath. 2. Which helps to ease stress on joints? A. Vinyasa yoga. B. Hot yoga. C. Aerial yoga. D. Animal yoga. 3. What is the aim of the final position in a yoga class? A. To boost overall vitality and flexibility. B. To acknowledge each other’s progress. C. To prepare for subsequent yoga sessions. D. To integrate practice into mind and body. B Liz Murray was born in 1980 to parents who used drugs. She grew up homeless in New York City. Despite her challenging upbringing, she changed it for the better and later graduated from Harvard University. Her life took a dramatic turn after her mother passed away in 1996. The loss of her mother was a profound and painful experience, but it also served as a wake-up call for Liz. She realized that her current circumstances did not have to define her future. This key moment made her see that life can be different if you want it to be. Motivated by this newfound perspective, she determined to take control of her destiny and pursue a better life through education. While still homeless, she finished high school in just two years. The key moment for Murray was when she changed the way she thought. To complete high school education, instead of making promises that had conditions, she made promises to herself that were strong and final and she studied in quiet places like hallways and public areas, proving that strong will can beat even the toughest situations. Her hard work paid off when she got a scholarship to Harvard. Her story got a lot of attention, and she appeared on shows like Oprah and in a lifetime movie. Today, Murray is a motivational speaker who talks about hope and self-dependence. She says that feeling uncomfortable and knowing yourself are important because they force you to confront your weaknesses and strengths. “Growth doesn’t happen in comfort zones,” she says, “but in the moments when you feel lost, uncertain, or even afraid.” She also learned that losing things—whether it’s material possessions or relationships—doesn’t change who you are. “Your identity isn’t tied to what you have, but to how you respond to what you lose,” she explains. Murray’s story shows how strong a person can be. She tells others to face their problems and use them to move forward. She even forgives herself for stealing self-help books in the past, because they helped her change. “Those books taught me that even in the darkest moments, I had the power to rewrite my story.” she recalls. Her journey shows that anyone can change their life, no matter how bad things seem. 4. What event marked a turning point in Liz Murray’s life? A. Her decision to attend Harvard University. B. The public recognition from media appearances. C. A philosophical realization following her mother’s death. D. The need to escape homelessness through formal education. 5. How did Liz Murray manage to finish high school? A. By getting help from her family and friends. B. By joining special night classes for homeless students. C. By focusing only on her studies and ignoring everything else. D. By making firm promises to herself and studying in public places. 6. According to Liz Murray, why does discomfort matter to growth? A. Discomfort is a barrier that prevents people from achieving their goals. B. Discomfort is a sign that people are expanding their limits and growing. C. Discomfort is a necessary step for people to grow and improve themselves. D. Discomfort is something that can be ignored if people focus on their strengths. 7. Which message does Liz Murray’s story mainly tell us? A. Willpower and determination can reshape life. B. Personal growth depends on chances given by others. C Success is guaranteed with education and social support. D. Education can change lives and help overcome difficulties. C What makes a good life? Philosophers have offered two classic answers to the question, captured by two different Greek words for happiness, hedonia and eudaimonia. A hedonic life is free from pain and full of everyday pleasure. A eudaemonic life is a virtuous (高洁的) and purposeful one, full of meaning. But in a new study, philosopher Lorraine Besser of Middlebury College and psychologist Shigehiro Oishi of the University of Virginia argue that there is a third important element of a good life, which they call “psychological richness”. According to this view, a good life is one that is interesting, varied and surprising-even if some of those surprises aren’t necessarily pleasant ones. In fact, the things that make a life psychologically rich may actually make it less happy in the ordinary sense. A happy life can be boring, but a psychologically rich life isn’t. Adventures, explorations and crises may be painful, but at least they are surprising. A psychologically rich life may be less eudaemonic. Those unexpected turns may lead you to stay away from your original purpose and act in ways that are less virtuous. Professors Besser and Oishi make the case for a psychologically rich life in a paper that has just appeared in the journal Philosophical Psychology. But is this a life that most people would actually want, or is it just for the sort of people who write philosophy articles? To find out, the professors and their colleagues did a study involving more than 3,000 people in nine countries. The researchers gave participants a list of 15 descriptive words such as “pleasant”, “meaningful” and “interesting”, and asked which best described a good life. When they analyzed the responses, Professors Besser and Oishi found that people indeed thought that a happy and meaningful life was a good life. But they also thought a psychologically rich life was important. In fact, across different cultures, about 10-15%of people said that if they were forced to choose, they would go for a psychologically rich life over a happy or meaningful one. In the second study, the researchers posed the question in a different way. Instead of asking people what kind of life they would choose, they asked what they regretted about the life they had actually led. Did they regret decisions that made their lives less happy or less meaningful? Or did they regret passing up a chance for interesting and surprising experiences? If they could undo one decision, what would it be? The researchers found that when people thought about their regrets, they were even more likely to value psychological richness. 8. According to the text, a psychologically rich life ____________. A. means a pleasant one B. undervalues life goals C. is anything but boring D. is full of unhappiness 9. Why did Besser and Oishi do the studies in paragraphs 6 and 7? A. To search for evidence for their articles. B. To find good ways to reflect on one’s life. C. To dig deep into the meaning of a good life. D. To test their idea about a good life on the public. 10. What does the underlined word “undo” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Announce. B. Erase. C. Uphold. D. Judge. 11. What could be the most suitable title for the text? A. Two studies on psychological health B. Don’t let regrets ruin your life C. Various opinions on a happy life D. A good life unnecessarily means a happy one D Primordial (原生的) black holes (PBHs) are dark matter that may have been born in the first second after the Big Bang. Over the last 13. 8 billion years they would have spread across the universe. According to a new study, these tiny, ancient black holes could rush through our Solar System. A team of scientists has worked out that they might speed through our nearby woods as often as once a decade, based on the estimated distribution of dark matter across a given region of space. They found that a PBH, packing the mass of a small planet into a space the size of a single atom (原子) , should stream through the inner Solar System about once every 10 years or so. Although we wouldn’t be able to directly see it, such a visitor would still make its existence known. If a PBH came within about 280 million miles of Mars, it would result in a detectable wobble (摇晃) in the red planet’s course. The shift would only be about 1 meter over 10 years, but that’s enough for us to pick up, since we can measure the distance of Mars from Earth to within about 10 centimeters. The study started with a fun question: what would happen if a PBH passed a person? Lead author, scientist Tung Tran from MIT, roughly calculated that if one came within a meter of you, you’d be thrown about 6 meters away in 1 second. While that is rather unlikely, it got the team wondering how a PBH flying through the solar system would affect planets and moons. “The numbers we got were not very clear. There are many other factors in the solar system that could act as some sort of resistance to cause the wobble to dampen out,” says Tung. So, the researchers then created the effects in lab which is the same as a PBH flyby on Mercury (水星), Venus, and Mars to see if their wobbles would be easier to notice. Of those, Mars gave the clearest signal, largely because it’s such a heavily monitored planet. Still, more detailed experiments involving more objects will need to be conducted to get a more accurate understanding of those factors. “We need as much clarity as we can of the expected backgrounds, such as the typical speeds of space rocks in contrast to these PBHs,” says MIT physicist David Kaiser. It is our hope that in the coming decades, advances in science will offer new evidence. With a bit more work, it’s possible that astronomers could get lucky, spot a wobble, and uncover one of the biggest mysteries about universe. 12. What does a passing PBH possibly cause ? A. a planet to rock in its course. B. resistance to cancel out a wobble. C. a person to explode instantly. D. Mars to shake violently. 13. How can scientists notice a PBH speeding through Solar System? A. By monitoring a single atom nearby. B. By observing an obvious shake of Mars. C. By measuring the Mars-Earth distance. D. By analyzing the presence of dark matter. 14. Which of the following best explains “dampen out” underlined in paragraph 4? A. Be difficult to make out. B. Regularly occur. C. Be interesting to observe. D. Narrowly escape. 15. What is the last paragraph mainly about in terms of the research? A. Its current limitations. B. Astronomers with good luck. C. Its potential applications. D. Expectations for further studies. 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many parents are looking for ways to help their kids learn at home. Toys advertised as teaching STEM might seem like one way to achieve this goal. ____16____ The answer is yes. Toys can indeed teach science, technology, engineering and math concepts — but don’t focus on advertising or fancy labels to find the best bets. There’s no minimum educational requirement that toys must reach to label themselves a “STEM toy”, so almost everything on the market is untested. ____17____ Some proven winners? Tinkertoys, board games, decks of cards and building blocks. ____18____ In preschool, for example, the construction of complex block buildings is associated with an improvement in math learning. Blocks, puzzles and shape toys boost spatial skills. Spatial skills, in turn, are associated with later math learning, suggesting that the early exploration of shapes acts as a springboard for more complex math concepts. There are five characteristics that make for a good educational toy: active, engaging, meaningful, encouraging social play and fun. Good play has these characteristics built in. Toys that allow children to build and create also have the advantage of being renewable. ____19____ It means that kids don’t become bored with them easily. Though adults certainly don’t have to participate in the building of every block tower, some grown-up guidance can help boost kids’ learning from play. One useful tool adults can use while playing with their children is “math talk”. This kind of talk encourages kids to think more deeply about math. ____20____ Parents can play guessing games with their kids like “Which is the most?” or play simple scorekeeping games like drop-the-clothespins-in-the-jar. A. But do they really work? B. Are the advertisements misleading? C. They’re different every time children return to them. D. Parents get involved by having math talks with kids. E. Conveniently, math talk doesn’t require any toy purchases at all. F. Instead, look for toys that encourage open-ended, active play and problem-solving. G. Research shows creative, open-ended play is how young children learn STEM concepts. 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Moxie, my service dog, came into my life after I was diagnosed with a ____21____ genetic disorder, which causes extreme pain. I have had to be ____22____ to hospital many times and undergo multiple operations. Once a tennis player, I found myself in a wheelchair, ____23____ to do things I used to be able to do. Moxie helps fetch things for me, lets me know if I’m going to ____24____, picks things up, and so much more. I had no idea of the great ____25____ she would have on my life until that Saturday night when I wanted to end it all. The moment Moxie jumped on my bed and ____26____ her little paws around me, it was as though she restored my desire to live. I was still ____27____, but I found a small path to try to make my way through. I just needed to find a new way to fight. I needed to stop ____28____ all the things I couldn’t do anymore and find something, anything that I could do. Looking at Moxie and knowing how much she ____29____ my life, I thought about the many ____30____ who could benefit from a service dog but might not be able to pay the high price. I wanted to pay it forward, and lift someone else up. That’s when the idea to ____31____ fund a service dog for someone else came to mind: Moxie’s Mission. And that’s what I did. Through hospital stays, surgeries, and rehab (康复), Moxie’ s Mission kept me going. We ____32____ the $20,000 needed to fund our first service dog. We didn’t ____33____ there, though! We are traveling to different groups to talk about mental health issues in an effort to help break down the barrier behind mental ____34____. I’m publishing a children’s book and educating others on support dogs. Moxie’s Mission just keeps growing, and though life is still ____35____, I got my life back. I found my purpose. 21. A. mere B. regular C. rare D. similar 22. A. devoted B. admitted C. invited D. exposed 23. A. unable B. hesitant C. ready D. proper 24. A. pass out B. calm down C. wake up D. miss out 25. A. limit B. tension C. trouble D. impact 26. A. waved B. wrapped C. struck D. pressed 27. A. ashamed B. relieved C. depressed D. annoyed 28. A. focusing on B. showing off C. handing over D. brushing aside 29. A. escaped B. designed C. ruined D. changed 30. A. neighbors B. individuals C. colleagues D. teammates 31. A. fully B. temporarily C. causally D. naturally 32. A. declined B. withdrew C. distributed D. raised 33. A. follow B. serve C. stop D. continue 34. A. functions B. struggles C. comforts D. solutions 35. A. effortless B. uneventful C. convenient D. challenging 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Beautiful Forbidden City The Forbidden City, one of the most famous landmarks in China, ____36____ (stand) at the heart of Beijing, carrying over 600 years of history. Having witnessed the reigns of 24 emperors, it has become a symbol of China’s rich cultural heritage. Visitors are often amazed by the grand halls and delicate gardens, which are designed with great accuracy ____37____ (reflect) traditional Chinese culture. As they pass through the big red gates, they are immediately transported back in time. The intricate carvings and golden rooftops, which shine brilliantly under the sun, add to the palace’s ____38____ (beautiful). Although China is home to many historical sites, few are ____39____ (impressive) than the Forbidden City. It is a place ____40____ ancient art and imperial power are perfectly combined, attracting millions of tourists each year. Strict rules have been applied to prevent damage ____41____ careless visitors, ensuring its charm remains well reserved for future generations. The site appears especially magical in winter, when a thin layer of snow ____42____ (cover) the rooftops makes the golden bricks shine even brighter. In recent years, modern technologies ____43____ (use) to protect and restore this ancient masterpiece. Thanks to these efforts, people can continue to appreciate its magnificence for ____44____ (century) to come. For those who love history and architecture _____45_____ visit to the Forbidden City is a must. It is not only a historical landmark but also a treasure of Chinese civilization. 第四部分 课内知识 (共三节，满分25分) 第一节 (共7小题;每小题1分，满分7分) 根据语境，选择下框中的单词替换句中划线部分的单词或短语，使之意思一致。框中有一个多余的单词。 A. launch B. admitted C. operation D. claimed E. otherwise F. settle G. maintain H. despite 46. J. K. Rowling has finished writing her new book and the official publish date is in May. 47. There was some music playing upstairs, or the house was silent. 48. The use of the device is extremely simple, and a beginner can handle it with ease. 49. Mary was finally accepted to the university she had dreamed of for years. 50. The unexpected volcanic eruption killed many lives, leaving countless families in grief. 51. The government has tried to address the issue caused by the flood. 52. The house costs a fortune to repair and the owner cannot afford it. 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据语境，选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个多余的单词或短语。 carry on bring about in case (of) on the spot (be) determined to intend monitor 53. In recent years globalization ________ greater cultural diversity in many cities, making them more colorful and inclusive. 54. The astronauts’ courage inspires us ________ supporting space exploration despite the challenges. 55. Zoo officials said during the treatment, this elephant ________ closely through physical exams and blood tests. 56. The hospital has a backup generator ________ there is a power failure. 57. ________ help humans realize their dream to explore space, some scientists devoted themselves to the career. 第三节 (共4小题：每小题2分，满分8分) 根据括号中的提示进行英汉互译。78-79题汉译英，80-81题英译汉。 58. 对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的。 (使用比较级) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 59. 他从来没有想到他能取得如此巨大的进步。 (occur) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 60. 他匆忙赶到商店，却发现店门关着 (find的复合结构，不定式作状语) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 61. Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. (英译汉) ________________________________________________________________________ 第五部分 写作 (满分25分) 62. 学习了“金钱的价值”这一单元后，班级同学们对这一话题进行了热烈的讨论。有些同学认为金钱是最重要的东西，另一些同学认为金钱不是最重要的。请你就此在校刊上用英文写一篇短文，简要探讨这两种观点，并提出你的看法。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 标题已经给出，不计入总词数; Value of Money ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $