精品解析：黑龙江省哈尔滨市第十一中学校2024-2025学年高一下学期期末英语科试题

哈尔滨市第十一中学校2024级高一学年下学期期末试题 英语科试题 满分：150分 时间：120分钟 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A，B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the weather like now? A. Hot. B. Cool. C. Rainy. 2. What does the man ask the woman to do? A. Direct him to the bathroom. B. Tell him the time. C. Mind his things. 3. Where will the speakers probably spend their spring break? A. In San Francisco. B. In New York. C. In Miami. 4. Why does the man congratulate the woman? A. She has a new niece. B. She will have a baby. C. She has made a complete recovery. 5. What will the man be doing on Sunday? A. Moving house. B. Doing some cleaning. C. Decorating a room. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项后，并在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或读白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is a feature of the train? A. It’s the first train in Australia. B. It’s decorated with natural elements. C. It crosses the whole of Australia. 7. How does the woman sound now? A. Tired. B. Excited. C. Curious. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What do the speakers like best about the apartment? A. Its large windows. B. Its generous size. C. Its beautiful garden. 9. What will the speakers probably do next? A. Buy the apartment. B. Go to see another house. C. Ask the owner to reduce the price. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What does the man offer to do for the woman? A. Fix her broken desk. B. Help her carry something. C. Collect a package for her. 11. What form of exercise does the woman plan to do? A. Jumping. B. Walking. C. Weightlifting. 12. What is the woman’s main health goal? A. To lose weight and improve fitness. B. To increase energy levels. C. To reduce her back pain. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Editor and reporter. B. Boss and employee. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 14. Who does the woman probably sell her newspaper to? A. Local business owners. B. School friends. C. Community residents. 15. How many newspapers does Tillington Times publish monthly now? A. 1,000. B. 500. C. 250. 16. What will the woman major in? A. Creative writing. B. Business. C. Journalism. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the main purpose of the speech? A. To thank the audience for coming. B. To remind the audience of something. C. To provide the audience with information. 18. Where does the speech probably take place? A. At the speaker’s home. B. At an airport. C. In a restaurant. 19. Who is the speaker’s closest friend at university? A. Jane. B. Diane. C. Lukas. 20. Where does the speaker probably live? A. In Australia. B. In Poland. C. In Spain. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A User Manual for Vacuum Robot Products Product Features The Vacuum Robot is a smart cleaning device designed to make household chores easier. It uses laser sensors to map your home and avoid obstacles. With multiple cleaning modes like Auto, Spot, Edge, and Custom, it adapts to different cleaning needs. The robot can clean for up to 120minutes on a single charge and automatically returns to its charging dock when the battery is low. Usage Instructions To use the robot, charge it fully for 4 hours before the first use. Clear the floor of small objects and cables to prevent mess. Press the “Start” button or use the mobile app to begin cleaning. You can also schedule cleaning sessions and monitor progress through the app. Maintenance Tips To maintain the robot, empty the dustbin after each use and clean the brushes regularly to prevent clogging. Replace the HEPA filter (过滤) every 2-3 months for optimal performance. Wipe the sensors with a soft cloth to ensure accurate navigation. Where to Buy You can purchase the Vacuum Robot online at Smart Home Gadgets.com, which offers fast delivery and a 1-year warranty (质保)。 1. What is the primary advantage of the Vacuum Robot’s laser sensors? A. They increase cleaning speed. B. They help the robot navigate home without hitting things. C. They let the robot charge itself. D. They help the robot connect to Wi-Fi. 2. Why should users clean the brushes regularly? A. To save electricity. B. To prevent blocking. C. To extend battery life. D. To improve Wi-Fi connection. 3. Which of the following is NOT required for the robot’s maintenance? A. Empty dustbin after each use. B. Replace HEPA filter every 2-3 months. C. Wipe sensors with soft cloth. D. Clean charging dock daily. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍真空机器人产品的特点、使用说明、维护技巧及购买渠道。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Product Features部分中的“It uses laser sensors to map your home and avoid obstacles.(它使用激光传感器绘制家居地图并避开障碍物。)”可知，真空机器人激光传感器的主要优势是帮助机器人在家中导航而不撞到东西。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Maintenance Tips部分中的“To maintain the robot, empty the dustbin after each use and clean the brushes regularly to prevent clogging. (为维护机器人，每次使用后清空垃圾箱并定期清洁刷子以防止堵塞。)”可知，用户应定期清洁刷子是为了防止堵塞。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Maintenance Tips部分中的“To maintain the robot, empty the dustbin after each use and clean the brushes regularly to prevent clogging. Replace the HEPA filter (过滤) every 2-3 months for optimal performance. Wipe the sensors with a soft cloth to ensure accurate navigation.(为维护机器人，请在每次使用后清空集尘盒，并定期清洁刷头以防止堵塞。每 2-3 个月更换 HEPA 过滤器，以确保最佳性能。用软布擦拭传感器，保证导航精准。)”可知，维护要求包括倒灰尘、更换过滤器和擦拭传感器，但未提及“每天清洁充电底座”。故选D项。 B Skateboarding has been my life since I was 8 years old. Before I knew how to stand up, I would sit on my cousin’s old board and roll down the hills of Caceres, my hometown in Spain. When I was at university, I heard about Skate-Aid, an organization that builds skate parks for children in disadvantaged communities. I’ve always wanted to make a positive impact on the world, and if there were a way to do that through skateboarding, I would be there. I got a call in early 2019 that the next project would be in Syria. I was anxious. We flew to Lebanon and drove from Beirut to Damascus (大马士革，叙利亚首都). We stopped at checkpoints every few minutes. I didn’t understand Arabic, and all the men I could see were armed. Our destination was Qudsaya, a city 7 kilometers west of Damascus. Damage from the war was everywhere: roads were cracked and buildings were covered in holes from shooting, in which birds had built nests. We were building a skate park in an area that had been largely destroyed, except for a small structure where a family of five was living. They’d fled their home in the north. The mother was so welcoming, bringing us tea and coffee every morning. It took 28 days to build the park. We’d get up early and spend all day working. This was going to be Syria’s first skate park, and many people wanted to help. The kids would watch us skating down the street and were so excited. When we finished the bowl, I put them on a board one by one, and they were amazed by the feeling of rolling along. One boy was a natural. He had never skated before, but within a week he was already skating well. We stayed for two months. I kept in touch with the kids, and they sent me videos of the tricks they’d learned. When we left, there were 400 children going to the park every day. I’ve been to so many countries, but Syria was special. I’ll go back as soon as I can. 4. Why did the author join Skate-Aid? A. To make a fortune. B. To join his cousin. C. To contribute to the world. D. To improve his skateboarding skills. 5. What unexpected challenge did the author face during their journey from Beirut to Damascus? A. Language barriers with locals. B. Many armed checkpoints and poor Arabic. C. Road damage from conflict. D. Bad interactions with checkpoint soldiers. 6. How did the local community demonstrate support for the skate park? A. Donating construction materials. B. Offering daily refreshments to the team. C. Volunteering labor for park maintenance. D. Providing housing for the project workers. 7. What is the best title for the passage? A. Skateboarding: A Universal Language of Hope B. War-Torn Syria: Rebuilding Through Sports C. Skate-Aid’s Global Mission in Conflict Zones D. The Journey to Syria’s First Skate Park 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过参与Skate-Aid组织，在叙利亚建造首个滑板公园的经历，以及这段经历带来的深刻感受和影响。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I’ve always wanted to make a positive impact on the world, and if there were a way to do that through skateboarding, I would be there.(我一直想对世界产生积极的影响，如果有办法通过滑板来实现这一点，我会参与其中)”可知，作者加入Skate-Aid是想为世界做贡献。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“We stopped at checkpoints every few minutes. I didn’t understand Arabic, and all the men I could see were armed.(我们每隔几分钟就会在检查站停下来。我不懂阿拉伯语，而且我能看到的所有人都有武器)”可知，作者面临许多武装检查站以及语言不通的问题，这是意想不到的挑战。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The mother was so welcoming, bringing us tea and coffee every morning.(这位母亲非常热情，每天早上都给我们送茶和咖啡)”可知，当地社区通过提供日常茶点来表达支持。故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。 文章讲述作者通过Skate-Aid在叙利亚战乱地区建造首个滑板公园，用滑板运动为当地儿童带来希望，体现了滑板作为“通用语言”连接不同文化并传递积极影响的主题。A选项“Skateboarding: A Universal Language of Hope(滑板：希望的通用语言)”最能概括全文主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选A。 C GOOGLE and other search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites — and the Internet-are changing much more than technology itself. They are changing the way our memories function. Wegner’s latest study, “Google’s Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips,” shows that when people have access to search engines, they remember fewer facts and less information because they know they can rely on “search” as a readily available shortcut. Wegner, the senior author of the study, believes the new findings show that the Internet has become part of a collective memory source, a method by which our brains classify information. First hypothesized by Wegner in 1985, collective memory exists in many forms, as when a husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday. “It is this whole network of memory where you don’t have to remember everything in the world yourself,” he says. “You just have to remember who knows it.” Now computers and technology as well are becoming virtual extensions of our memory. Wegner admits that questions remain about whether dependence on computers will affect memories negatively: “Nobody knows now what the effects are of these tools on logical thinking.” Students who have trouble remembering distinct facts, for example, may struggle to employ those facts in critical thinking. But he believes that the situation overall is beneficial, comparing dependence on computers to the use of calculators in the classroom. Initially, math students were banned from using the latter, he points out, but “Now it’s gotten to the point where most of the time we are being tested with our calculators, to see where we can get with that wonderful tool in our hands.” 8. What effect has the access to search engines produced on human beings? A. People prefer to think independently. B. People find it easier to memorize things. C. People lack motivation to remember things. D. People have lost the ability to remember facts. 9. In context, the mention of remembering a relative’s birthday mainly serves to ______ A. show close-related people share memories. B. show how people developed external memory. C. emphasize collective memory’s effectiveness and accuracy. D. illustrate collective memory with a common situation. 10. The underlined word “extensions” can be replaced by ______. A. delays B. additions C. lengths D. developments 11. What’s Wegner’s attitude towards the effects of computer dependence? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Uncertain. D. Indifferent. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了哈佛大学心理学教授Daniel Wegner的研究，该研究表明互联网和搜索引擎正在改变我们记忆的方式。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Wegner’s latest study, “Google’s Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips,” shows that when people have access to search engines, they remember fewer facts and less information because they know they can rely on “search” as a readily available shortcut.(Wegner的最新研究《谷歌对记忆的影响：信息触手可及的认知后果》表明，当人们能够使用搜索引擎时，他们记住的事实和信息更少，因为他们知道他们可以依赖“搜索”这个随时可用的捷径)”可知，搜索引擎的使用让人们缺乏记忆事物的动力，因为人们可以依赖搜索引擎这个捷径。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“First hypothesized by Wegner in 1985, collective memory exists in many forms, as when a husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday. “It is this whole network of memory where you don’t have to remember everything in the world yourself,” he says. “You just have to remember who knows it.”(集体记忆最早由Wegner在1985年提出，它存在于多种形式中，比如丈夫依赖妻子记住亲戚的生日。“这是一个完整的记忆网络，你不必自己记住世界上的每一件事，”他说。“你只需要记住谁知道这件事。”)”可知，提到记住亲戚的生日是为了用一个常见的情况来说明集体记忆，即人们不必记住所有的事情，只需要记住谁知道这些事情即可。故选D。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“Wegner, the senior author of the study, believes the new findings show that the Internet has become part of a collective memory source, a method by which our brains classify information.(这项研究的资深作者韦格纳认为，这些新发现表明互联网已成为集体记忆源的一部分，成为我们大脑对信息进行分类的一种方式)”可知，计算机和技术也正在成为我们记忆的虚拟延伸。由此可知，extensions意为“扩展，延伸”，与B项：additions（添加物）意思接近。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But he believes that the situation overall is beneficial, comparing dependence on computers to the use of calculators in the classroom.(但他认为总体情况是有益，将依赖计算机比作在课堂上使用计算器)”可知，Wegner对计算机依赖的影响持积极态度，认为总体情况是有益的。故选B。 D With the Earth at its hottest point in recorded history, and humans doing far from enough to stop its overheating, some astronomers and physicists are proposing an idea — create a huge sunshade (遮阳篷) and send it to a faraway point between the Earth and the sun to block a small but crucial amount of solar radiation, enough to counter global warming. Now, scientists led by Yoram Rozen. a physics professor and the Asher Space Research Institute director at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, say they are ready to build a prototype (原型) shade to show that the idea will work. “To block the necessary amount of solar radiation, the shade would have to be about a million square miles, roughly the size of Argentina. A shade that big would weigh at least 2.5 million tons — too heavy to launch into space,” Dr. Rozen said. “So, the project must involve a series of smaller shades. They would not completely block the sun’s light but cast slightly diffused shade onto the Earth.” Dr. Rozen added that his team was ready to design a prototype shade of 100 square feet and is seeking between $10 million and $20 million to fund the demonstration. The sunshade idea has its critics (批评者). They think that a sunshade would be astronomically expensive. In addition, a solar storm or collision with stray space rocks could damage the shield, resulting in sudden, rapid warming with disastrous consequences. However, sunshade supporters say that reducing greenhouse gas emissions at this stage will not go far enough to relieve climate chaos, that carbon dioxide removal has proved extremely difficult to realize, and that every potential solution ought to be explored. Dr. Rozen said the team was still in the pre-design phase but could launch a prototype within three years after securing funds. He estimated that a full-size version would cost trillions but reduce the Earth’s temperature by 1.5 Celsius within two years. 12. What is the sunshade idea mainly about? A Detecting the amount of solar radiation. B. Building numerous sunshades in Argentina. C. Creating a spacecraft as a block to sunshine. D. Launching the sunshade into outer space and blocking sun radiation. 13. On what basis do critics oppose the sunshade idea? A. High costs and potential risks. B. Technical barriers and heavy weights. C. Variable environment and limited time. D. Inadequate funds and incomplete research. 14. What did Dr. Rozen and his team need most? A. Technical help. B. Launch a prototype. C. Financial support. D. Official permission. 15. What’s the text mainly about? A. Building sunshade to fight warming. B. Earth’s heating problem solutions. C. Scientists’ new project on space. D. Earth’s heat crisis. 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了面对全球变暖，科学家计划造太阳遮阳篷原型，虽有成本和风险争议，但支持者认为应探索该方案。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“With the Earth at its hottest point in recorded history, and humans doing far from enough to stop its overheating, some astronomers and physicists are proposing an idea — create a huge sunshade (遮阳篷) and send it to a faraway point between the Earth and the sun to block a small but crucial amount of solar radiation, enough to counter global warming.(由于地球正处于有记录以来的最热状态，而人类在阻止地球过热方面做得远远不够，一些天文学家和物理学家提出了一个想法——建造一个巨大的遮阳罩，并将其送往地球与太阳之间的遥远位置，以阻挡少量但至关重要的太阳辐射，从而足以抵消全球变暖的影响)”可知，遮阳装置的原理主要是将遮阳装置发射到太空，以阻挡太阳辐射。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The sunshade idea has its critics (批评者). They think that a sunshade would be astronomically expensive. In addition, a solar storm or collision with stray space rocks could damage the shield, resulting in sudden, rapid warming with disastrous consequences.(这种遮阳装置的想法也有其批评者。他们认为这种遮阳装置的造价将极其高昂。此外，太阳风暴或者与太空中的游离岩石发生碰撞都可能损坏这个防护装置，从而导致突然且迅速的温度升高，带来灾难性的后果)”可知，批评者反对遮阳篷的提议是因为成本过高且存在潜在风险。故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Dr. Rozen added that his team was ready to design a prototype shade of 100 square feet and is seeking between $10 million and $20 million to fund the demonstration.(罗森博士补充说，他的团队已准备好设计一款100平方英尺大小的原型产品，并正在寻求1000万至2000万美元的资金来支持该产品的演示)”可知，罗森博士及其团队最需要的是资金支持。故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“With the Earth at its hottest point in recorded history, and humans doing far from enough to stop its overheating, some astronomers and physicists are proposing an idea — create a huge sunshade (遮阳篷) and send it to a faraway point between the Earth and the sun to block a small but crucial amount of solar radiation, enough to counter global warming.(由于地球正处于有记录以来的最热状态，而人类在阻止地球过热方面做得远远不够，一些天文学家和物理学家提出了一个想法——建造一个巨大的遮阳罩，并将其送往地球与太阳之间的遥远位置，以阻挡少量但至关重要的太阳辐射，从而足以抵消全球变暖的影响)”以及文章主要说明了面对全球变暖，科学家计划造太阳遮阳篷原型，虽有成本和风险争议，但支持者认为应探索该方案。可知，这篇文章主要讲了建造遮阳设施以对抗全球变暖。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Conversational running refers to maintaining a pace at which you can comfortably speak in complete sentences as you move. It usually involves exercising at 60 to 70 percent of your maximum heart rate. According to Kristen Hislop, a certified coach, you rarely choose and achieve this pace because it doesn’t feel like a “hard” workout. ____16____ But even though it doesn’t feel especially challenging, low-intensity training is great for your overall health. Doing low-intensity exercise on a regular basis is going to build up endurance (忍耐力) so you’ll be able to go longer and further. ____17____ And, compared to high-intensity exercise, which uses sugar as fuel, low-intensity exercise burns fat more effectively. Beyond physical benefits, conversational running can improve mental clarity and reduce stress by increasing blood flow to the brain. ____18____ While running, you are near somebody but not necessarily facing them, so there might be a little bit more willingness to open up. This is also a phenomenal way to break interpersonal anxiety barriers. One reason may be that running stimulates endorphins, the body’s natural feel — good chemicals. ____19____ A stronger bond with those you run alongside may thus be formed. Joining a running club can strengthen these positive effects. Finding the right club that matches your pace is crucial. You know the club is the right “fit” after the first outing and talk about meeting up for runs later. You meet people you have dinner and go on vacation with. ____20____ It’s beautiful to be a part of the running group. A. You are likely to become lifelong friends. B. It’s often much slower than you’d anticipate. C. However, its effect may not be felt immediately. D. Everything around you starts to seem more positive. E You also recover faster and reduce the risk of injuries. F. High-intensity running is thought to provide more benefits. G. Conversational running holds significant social advantages. 【答案】16. B 17. E 18. G 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“对话式跑步”这种运动方式及其好处。 【16题详解】 上文“According to Kristen Hislop, a certified coach, you rarely choose and achieve this pace because it doesn’t feel like a “hard” workout.(根据认证教练Kristen Hislop的说法，你很少会选择并达到这个速度，因为它感觉不像是一次“艰苦”的锻炼)”指出这种跑步速度并不像人们通常认为的那样具有挑战性。由此可推测，空处应描述这种跑步速度的特点，选项B“它通常比你预期的要慢得多”符合语境，选项B中的“It”指代上文提到的“this pace”，且“slower than you’d anticipate”与上文提到的“doesn’t feel like a “hard” workout”相呼应，表示这种跑步速度并不快。故选B。 【17题详解】 上文“Doing low-intensity exercise on a regular basis is going to build up endurance (忍耐力) so you’ll be able to go longer and further.(定期进行低强度运动可以增强耐力，这样你就能跑得更久、更远)”指出低强度运动的好处之一是增强耐力；下文“And, compared to high-intensity exercise, which uses sugar as fuel, low-intensity exercise burns fat more effectively.(而且，与以糖为燃料的高强度运动相比，低强度运动能更有效地燃烧脂肪)”指出低强度运动的另一个好处是更有效地燃烧脂肪。由此可推测，空处应描述低强度运动的另一个好处，选项E“你恢复得也更快，受伤的风险也降低了”符合语境，选项E中的“also”表示递进关系，与上文提到的“增强耐力”相呼应，且“recover faster and reduce the risk of injuries”是低强度运动的另一个好处。故选E。 【18题详解】 下文“While running, you are near somebody but not necessarily facing them, so there might be a little bit more willingness to open up. This is also a phenomenal way to break interpersonal anxiety barriers.(跑步时，你离某人很近，但不一定面对面，所以可能更愿意敞开心扉。这也是打破人际焦虑障碍的一种非凡方式)”指出对话跑在社交方面具有优势。由此可推测，空处应概括对话跑在社交方面的优势，选项G“对话跑在社交方面具有显著优势”符合语境，选项G中的“social advantages”与下文提到的“open up”和“break interpersonal anxiety barriers”相呼应。故选G。 【19题详解】 上文“One reason may be that running stimulates endorphins, the body’s natural feel-good chemicals.(其中一个原因可能是跑步会刺激内啡肽的分泌，内啡肽是人体天然的快乐化学物质)”指出跑步可以刺激内啡肽的分泌，从而让人感觉良好。由此可推测，空处应描述跑步带来的积极影响，选项D“你周围的一切开始看起来都更积极了”符合语境，选项D中的“more positive”与上文提到的“feel-good chemicals”相呼应。故选D。 【20题详解】 上文“You meet people you have dinner and go on vacation with.(你会遇到和你一起吃饭、一起度假的人)”指出加入跑步俱乐部可以让人结识新朋友，下文“It’s beautiful to be a part of the running group.(成为跑步小组的一员是很美好的)”指出加入跑步俱乐部可以带来美好的体验。由此可推测，空处应描述加入跑步俱乐部后与新朋友的关系，选项A“你们很可能会成为一生的朋友”符合语境，选项A中的“lifelong friends”与上文提到的“meet people”相呼应，且“lifelong friends”与下文提到的“beautiful”相呼应。故选A。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Wang Chuqin, a champion in table tennis at the Paris Olympics, gained widespread media attention recently. His fan club on Weibo made a big ____21____ — it shut down its fan group. This was a brave move against “fandom culture”. The action got a lot of attention and became a hot topic on social media. Not only Wang Chuqin, but other athletes like Wang Chang and Liang Weikeng from the Chinese national badminton team also ____22____ their Weibo fan groups. This shows that many athletes are ____23____ this problem of fandom culture. The General Administration of Sport of China noticed too. They held a meeting to deal with the bad ____24____ related to “fandom culture”. Gao Zhidan, the head, said they need to ____25____ it better, raise public awareness, and prevent risks. This is to protect athletes and keep Chinese sports ____26____ developed. “Fandom culture” has a bad ____27____ on athletes. Wang and Fan Zhendong, famous table tennis players, have ____28____ trouble. They were surrounded by ____29____ fans at airports, and some fans even ignored their requests for privacy. Both athletes asked fans to respect their personal ____30____. In response, Wang Chuqin made a statement on Weibo. He ____31____ the practice of “photographers keeping pace with his every step” and ____32____ fans to respect athletes’ privacy. “I don’t want people to wait outside airports to follow and photograph us,” he said. “This disturbs public ____33____ and severely affects our daily lives.” He continued, “On the court, I am an athlete; off the court, I am just an ordinary person. I hope everyone can respect each other’s privacy, maintain ____34____, and allow me some personal space. Thank you.” Fan has previously experienced similar disturbances, including disorderly scenes at airports and incidents ____35____ stalker fans followed him and even entered his hotel room. 21. A. threat B. forecast C. attempt D. decision 22. A. broke in B. broke out C. broke up D. broke down 23. A. for B. against C. with D. towards 24. A. news B. story C. behavior D. campaign 25 A. manage B. create C. obey D. study 26. A. completely B. weakly C. healthily D. competitively 27. A. impact B. example C. model D. image 28. A. solved B. caused C. avoided D. experienced 29. A. crazy B. capable C. accurate D. chief 30. A. time B. space C. energy D. right 31. A. praised B. accepted C. ignored D. criticized 32. A. forced B. ordered C. urged D. begged 33. A. order B. rule C. responsibility D. action 34. A. distance B. relationship C. connection D. friendship 35. A. that B. who C. where D. whose 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了运动员抵制不良饭圈文化现象，包括关闭粉丝群及体育总局的应对措施，强调保护运动员隐私的重要性。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的微博粉丝团做出了一个重大决定——关闭粉丝群。A. threat威胁；B. forecast预报；C. attempt尝试；D. decision决定。根据后文“it shut down its fan group”可知，关闭粉丝群是一个决定。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不仅王楚钦，中国国家羽毛球队的王昶和梁伟铿等其他运动员也解散了他们的微博粉丝群。A. broke in闯入；B. broke out爆发；C. broke up解散；D. broke down出故障。根据后文“their Weibo fan groups”可知，此处指解散微博粉丝群。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：这表明许多运动员反对饭圈文化问题。A. for支持；B. against反对；C. with和；D. towards朝向。根据前文提到运动员解散粉丝群以及后文“this problem of fandom culture.”可推知，运动员们反对饭圈文化问题。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们召开了一次会议来处理与“饭圈文化”相关的不良行为。A. news新闻；B. story故事；C. behavior行为；D. campaign运动。根据后文“related to ‘fandom culture’”及“They were surrounded by ____ fans at airports, and some fans even ignored their requests for privacy.”可知，此处指与“饭圈文化”相关的不良行为。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：负责人高志丹表示，他们需要更好地管理，提高公众意识，并防范风险。A. manage管理；B. create创造；C. obey遵守；D. study学习。根据后文“it better, raise public awareness, and prevent risks”可知，此处指更好地管理饭圈文化问题。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是为了保护运动员，并保持中国体育的健康发展。A. completely完全地；B. weakly虚弱地；C. healthily健康地；D. competitively竞争地。根据前文提到要处理饭圈文化的不良行为及“protect athletes”可推知，管理饭圈文化是为了让体育健康发展。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“饭圈文化”对运动员有不良影响。A. impact影响；B. example例子；C. model模型；D. image形象。根据后文“on athletes”以及后文提到的运动员受到的困扰可知，此处指对运动员有不良影响。have a bad impact on“对……有不良影响”。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：王楚钦和著名乒乓球运动员樊振东都经历过麻烦。A. solved解决；B. caused造成；C. avoided避免；D. experienced经历。根据后文“They were surrounded by ____ fans at airports, and some fans even ignored their requests for privacy.”可知，此处指运动员经历过粉丝带来的麻烦。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们在机场被疯狂的粉丝包围，一些粉丝甚至无视他们对隐私的要求。A. crazy疯狂的；B. capable有能力的；C. accurate准确的；D. chief主要的。根据后文“and some fans even ignored their requests for privacy”可知，粉丝无视运动员的隐私要求，说明粉丝很疯狂。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两位运动员都要求粉丝尊重他们的个人空间。A. time时间；B. space空间；C. energy能量；D. right权利。根据前文“and some fans even ignored their requests for privacy”以及后文“allow me some personal space”可知，此处指个人空间。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他批评了“摄影师紧跟他的每一步”的做法，并敦促粉丝尊重运动员的隐私。A. praised赞扬；B. accepted接受；C. ignored忽视；D. criticized批评。根据后文“the practice of ‘photographers keeping pace with his every step’”以及“This disturbs public ____ and severely affects our daily lives.”可知，王楚钦对跟拍行为持否定态度，“批评”符合语境。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. forced强迫；B. ordered命令；C. urged敦促；D. begged恳求。根据后文“fans to respect athletes’ privacy”可知，作为公众人物，王楚钦“敦促”粉丝尊重隐私，urged语气更恰当。urge sb. to do sth.“敦促某人做某事”。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这扰乱了公共秩序，严重影响了我们的日常生活。A. order秩序；B. rule规则；C. responsibility责任；D. action行动。根据前文“This disturbs public”以及常识可知，粉丝在机场围堵运动员等行为会扰乱公共秩序。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望每个人都能尊重彼此的隐私，保持距离，给我一些私人空间。A. distance距离；B. relationship关系；C. connection联系；D. friendship友谊。根据前文“I hope everyone can respect each other’s privacy”以及后文“and allow me some personal space”可知，希望尊重隐私，给出私人空间，此处应指保持距离。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：樊振东此前也经历过类似的干扰，包括机场的混乱场面，以及私生饭跟随他甚至进入他酒店房间的事件。A. that指代人或物；B. who指人；C. where指地点；D. whose表示“某人的”或“某物的”，表示所属关系。此处为定语从句修饰先行词incidents，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese Tea Ceremony The Chinese tea ceremony, ____36____ has a long-standing history, is ____37____ unique and ancient form of traditional Chinese culture. It is not merely about making and drinking tea; it is a way to show ____38____ (generous) and hospitality. When hosting guests, the host is sensitive ____39____ every detail. They carefully prepare the tea set ____40____ choose tea leaves with precision, depending on water temperature. The process of making tea is carried out with great patience. Each movement, ____41____ (range) from scooping the tea leaves to pouring the hot water, is done ____42____ (elegant), creating a peaceful atmosphere. Values ____43____ (attach) to the ceremony, such as respect and harmony, ____44____ (pass) down through generations until now. These values are reliable _____45_____ (source) of spiritual nourishment for the Chinese people, connecting them to their cultural roots. 【答案】36. which 37. a 38. generosity 39. to 40. and 41. ranging 42. elegantly 43. attached 44. have been passed 45. sources 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国茶道作为传统文化载体的核心价值，强调其通过严谨的仪式动作传递尊重与和谐等精神内涵，并世代滋养着中国人的文化认同。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：中国茶道有着悠久的历史，是一种独特而古老的中国传统文化形式。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词The Chinese tea ceremony作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：中国茶道有着悠久的历史，是一种独特而古老的中国传统文化形式。空处表示泛指，意为“一种传统文化形式”，应用不定冠词，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：它不仅仅是泡茶和饮茶，更是一种展现慷慨与待客之道的方式。空处和hospitality并列，作show的宾语，名词generosity符合题意，意为“慷慨”，是不可数名词。故填generosity。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：招待客人时，主人会细致关注每一个细节。固定搭配be sensitive to意为“对……敏感”。故填to。 【40题详解】 考查连词。句意：他们会精心准备茶具，并根据水温精准选择茶叶。空处连接前后两个动词短语prepare the tea set和choose tea leaves，两者之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：从舀取茶叶到倾倒热水，每个动作都优雅完成，营造出宁静的氛围。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作movement的后置定语，range from… to…“从……到……”和movement逻辑上是主动关系，因此用range的现在分词形式。故填ranging。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：从舀取茶叶到倾倒热水，每个动作都优雅完成，营造出宁静的氛围。空处修饰动词done，副词elegantly符合题意，意为“优雅地”。故填elegantly。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：与茶道相关的价值观，如尊重与和谐，代代相传至今。空处是非谓语，作Values的后置定语，attach“附属，依附”和Values逻辑上是被动关系，因此用attach的过去分词形式。故填attached。 【44题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：与茶道相关的价值观，如尊重与和谐，代代相传至今。空处作句子的谓语，结合“until now”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，pass down“传下来”和主语Values之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，助动词应用have。故填have been passed。 【45题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：这些价值观是中国人精神滋养的可靠来源，连接着他们的文化根基。空处作表语，主语These values为复数，可数名词source“来源”也应用复数形式。故填sources。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tim邀请你参加他们学校暑假组织的科技夏令营。你想参加，现就此事写一封信向他咨询夏令营的相关事宜，要点包括： 1.具体日程安排；2.住宿和费用等。（accommodation 住宿） 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Tim, Many thanks for inviting me to your school’s Summer Science Camp. I am looking forward to it and would like to enquire about further details. First of all, could you keep me informed of the specific schedule of the summer camp so that I can make preparations in advance? Secondly, I wonder if there is a student dormitory available, otherwise I will have to book a hotel ahead of time. And would you be kind enough to tell me about the costs associated with the summer camp activities as well as the accommodation fees? Looking forward to your early reply. I really can’t wait for the summer camp to come soon. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Tim写封咨询信，了解他们学校暑假组织的科技夏令营的相关事宜，包括具体日程安排，住宿和费用等。 【详解】1.词汇积累 询问：enquire→ask/consult 日程安排：schedule→timetable/arrangement 预定：book→reserve 好心的：kind→good/nice 2.句式拓展 同义句改写 原句：And would you be kind enough to tell me about the costs associated with the summer camp activities as well as the accommodation fees? 拓展句：And it will be kind of you to tell me about the costs associated with the summer camp activities as well as the accommodation fees. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, could you keep me informed of the specific schedule of the summer camp so that I can make preparations in advance?（运用了so that引导的目的状语从句） 【高分句型2】Secondly, I wonder if there is a student dormitory available, otherwise I will have to book a hotel ahead of time.（运用了if引导宾语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was terrified of heights. Of course, it was not really a fear of being in a high place. Rather, it was the view of a long way to fall, of rocks far below me and no firm wall between me and the edge. My sense of security was screamingly absent.I could rely only on my own sure-footedness. Despite my fear, two summers ago I somehow found myself climbing to a high place, while quaking inside and out. Most of our high school had come along on a day trip to the Boquerón, a beautiful and pleasant spot in the foothills of Peru. Its chief attraction is the main waterfall, about 100 feet high, that thunders into a crystal clear pool feeding the Aguaytia River. All around the pool and on down to the rushing river are rocks large and small. The beach is strewn (布满) with rocks. On both sides of the fall, the jungle stretches to meet it, rising parallel to it on a gentler slope. After eating our lunches, many of us wanted to make the climb to an area above it. We knew others had done so on previous trips. A few guys went first to make sure they were on the right path. But after they left, my group of seven decided to go ahead without waiting for them to return. I suspected we were going the wrong way, but I kept silent, figuring that the others knew better. We went along the base of the hill until we reached the climb. It stopped me in my tracks. The climb rose steeply above us. Along the right edge, the jungle hugged the rocks; passage through its trees seemed unlikely to be achieved. The majority of my view was filled with rocks. Peering back down toward the river, I saw a steep slope of rocks all the way to the water. All I could think about was how far it would be to fall. 注意： 1.续写词数应150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 My tense thoughts were interrupted by the realization that my friends were already beginning to climb! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ My friends kept right on climbing but they did not forget me. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】My tense thoughts were interrupted by the realization that my friends were already beginning to climb! My anxiety increased as I watched them. “Do I turn back? My whole being shouted,” “Yes!” “Will I regret it later? I really want to get to the top, but...” I voiced my uncertainties to my friends. They dismissed my fears and encouraged me to stick it out. Questioning my own ability, I decided at least to attempt the climb. I chose a path that seemed easiest with my friends ahead of me. When the “path” led up to an extremely narrow area, the difficulties increased, with scary spots one after another. My breathing sped up, and my heart pounded even faster, growing loud in my ears. My friends kept right on climbing but they did not forget me. Someone was always behind me to help hold my feet steady when necessary, while someone else was ahead to offer a hand up. I trusted them more than myself. With friends supporting me by words and actions, I slowly gained ground. Finally we came to the toughest place. Once again I shrank when I peered back at the steep slope of rocks. “You can make it! We won’t let you fall.” My friends’ assurances gave me the strength to go on. When my feet made contact with the solid rock on the top, I heaved a huge sigh of relief. I could feel all the fear draining out of me. I never felt so alive, and so thankful for my friends and that life. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者有恐高症，但在一次去山里旅游的时候，在朋友们的鼓励和帮助下，作者最终登上了山顶克服了自己的恐高症。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当我意识到我的朋友们已经开始攀登时，我紧张的思绪被打断了!”可知，第一段可描写作者在朋友的鼓励下，决定尝试去攀登山峰。 ②由第二段首句内容“我的朋友们继续攀爬，但他们没有忘记我。”可知，第二段可描写作者在朋友们的帮助下成功登上了山顶。 2. 续写线索：决定去爬山——到达山脚下——犹豫——朋友们鼓励——开始攀登——朋友们帮助——成功登上山顶。 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①提高：increase/grow/enhance ②表达：voice/express/put into words ③鼓励：encourage/inspire/inspirit 情绪类 ①焦虑：anxiety/worry/disquiet ②恐惧：fear/panic/scare 【点睛】[高分句型1]When the “path” led up to an extremely narrow area, the difficulties increased, with scary spots one after another.(when引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2]Someone was always behind me to help hold my feet steady when necessary, while someone else was ahead to offer a hand up.(while引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 哈尔滨市第十一中学校2024级高一学年下学期期末试题 英语科试题 满分：150分 时间：120分钟 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A，B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the weather like now? A. Hot. B. Cool. C. Rainy. 2. What does the man ask the woman to do? A. Direct him to the bathroom. B. Tell him the time. C. Mind his things. 3. Where will the speakers probably spend their spring break? A. In San Francisco. B. In New York. C. In Miami. 4. Why does the man congratulate the woman? A. She has a new niece. B. She will have a baby. C. She has made a complete recovery. 5 What will the man be doing on Sunday? A. Moving house. B. Doing some cleaning. C. Decorating a room. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项后，并在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或读白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is a feature of the train? A. It’s the first train in Australia. B. It’s decorated with natural elements. C. It crosses the whole of Australia. 7. How does the woman sound now? A. Tired. B. Excited. C. Curious. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What do the speakers like best about the apartment? A. Its large windows. B. Its generous size. C. Its beautiful garden. 9 What will the speakers probably do next? A Buy the apartment. B. Go to see another house. C. Ask the owner to reduce the price. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What does the man offer to do for the woman? A. Fix her broken desk. B. Help her carry something. C. Collect a package for her. 11. What form of exercise does the woman plan to do? A. Jumping. B. Walking. C. Weightlifting. 12. What is the woman’s main health goal? A. To lose weight and improve fitness. B. To increase energy levels. C. To reduce her back pain. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Editor and reporter. B. Boss and employee. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 14. Who does the woman probably sell her newspaper to? A. Local business owners. B. School friends. C. Community residents. 15. How many newspapers does Tillington Times publish monthly now? A. 1,000. B. 500. C. 250. 16. What will the woman major in? A. Creative writing. B. Business. C. Journalism. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the main purpose of the speech? A. To thank the audience for coming. B. To remind the audience of something. C. To provide the audience with information. 18. Where does the speech probably take place? A. At the speaker’s home. B. At an airport. C. In a restaurant. 19. Who is the speaker’s closest friend at university? A. Jane. B. Diane. C. Lukas. 20. Where does the speaker probably live? A. In Australia. B. In Poland. C. In Spain. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A User Manual for Vacuum Robot Products Product Features The Vacuum Robot is a smart cleaning device designed to make household chores easier. It uses laser sensors to map your home and avoid obstacles. With multiple cleaning modes like Auto, Spot, Edge, and Custom, it adapts to different cleaning needs. The robot can clean for up to 120minutes on a single charge and automatically returns to its charging dock when the battery is low. Usage Instructions To use the robot, charge it fully for 4 hours before the first use. Clear the floor of small objects and cables to prevent mess. Press the “Start” button or use the mobile app to begin cleaning. You can also schedule cleaning sessions and monitor progress through the app. Maintenance Tips To maintain the robot, empty the dustbin after each use and clean the brushes regularly to prevent clogging. Replace the HEPA filter (过滤) every 2-3 months for optimal performance. Wipe the sensors with a soft cloth to ensure accurate navigation. Where to Buy You can purchase the Vacuum Robot online at Smart Home Gadgets.com, which offers fast delivery and a 1-year warranty (质保)。 1. What is the primary advantage of the Vacuum Robot’s laser sensors? A. They increase cleaning speed. B. They help the robot navigate home without hitting things. C. They let the robot charge itself. D. They help the robot connect to Wi-Fi. 2. Why should users clean the brushes regularly? A. To save electricity. B. To prevent blocking. C. To extend battery life. D. To improve Wi-Fi connection. 3. Which of the following is NOT required for the robot’s maintenance? A. Empty dustbin after each use. B. Replace HEPA filter every 2-3 months. C. Wipe sensors with soft cloth. D. Clean charging dock daily. B Skateboarding has been my life since I was 8 years old. Before I knew how to stand up, I would sit on my cousin’s old board and roll down the hills of Caceres, my hometown in Spain. When I was at university, I heard about Skate-Aid, an organization that builds skate parks for children in disadvantaged communities. I’ve always wanted to make a positive impact on the world, and if there were a way to do that through skateboarding, I would be there. I got a call in early 2019 that the next project would be in Syria. I was anxious. We flew to Lebanon and drove from Beirut to Damascus (大马士革，叙利亚首都). We stopped at checkpoints every few minutes. I didn’t understand Arabic, and all the men I could see were armed. Our destination was Qudsaya, a city 7 kilometers west of Damascus. Damage from the war was everywhere: roads were cracked and buildings were covered in holes from shooting, in which birds had built nests. We were building a skate park in an area that had been largely destroyed, except for a small structure where a family of five was living. They’d fled their home in the north. The mother was so welcoming, bringing us tea and coffee every morning. It took 28 days to build the park. We’d get up early and spend all day working. This was going to be Syria’s first skate park, and many people wanted to help. The kids would watch us skating down the street and were so excited. When we finished the bowl, I put them on a board one by one, and they were amazed by the feeling of rolling along. One boy was a natural. He had never skated before, but within a week he was already skating well. We stayed for two months. I kept in touch with the kids, and they sent me videos of the tricks they’d learned. When we left, there were 400 children going to the park every day. I’ve been to so many countries, but Syria was special. I’ll go back as soon as I can. 4. Why did the author join Skate-Aid? A. To make a fortune. B. To join his cousin. C. To contribute to the world. D. To improve his skateboarding skills. 5. What unexpected challenge did the author face during their journey from Beirut to Damascus? A. Language barriers with locals. B. Many armed checkpoints and poor Arabic. C. Road damage from conflict. D. Bad interactions with checkpoint soldiers. 6. How did the local community demonstrate support for the skate park? A. Donating construction materials. B. Offering daily refreshments to the team. C. Volunteering labor for park maintenance. D. Providing housing for the project workers. 7. What is the best title for the passage? A. Skateboarding: A Universal Language of Hope B War-Torn Syria: Rebuilding Through Sports C. Skate-Aid’s Global Mission in Conflict Zones D. The Journey to Syria’s First Skate Park C GOOGLE and other search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites — and the Internet-are changing much more than technology itself. They are changing the way our memories function. Wegner’s latest study, “Google’s Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips,” shows that when people have access to search engines, they remember fewer facts and less information because they know they can rely on “search” as a readily available shortcut. Wegner, the senior author of the study, believes the new findings show that the Internet has become part of a collective memory source, a method by which our brains classify information. First hypothesized by Wegner in 1985, collective memory exists in many forms, as when a husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday. “It is this whole network of memory where you don’t have to remember everything in the world yourself,” he says. “You just have to remember who knows it.” Now computers and technology as well are becoming virtual extensions of our memory. Wegner admits that questions remain about whether dependence on computers will affect memories negatively: “Nobody knows now what the effects are of these tools on logical thinking.” Students who have trouble remembering distinct facts, for example, may struggle to employ those facts in critical thinking. But he believes that the situation overall is beneficial, comparing dependence on computers to the use of calculators in the classroom. Initially, math students were banned from using the latter, he points out, but “Now it’s gotten to the point where most of the time we are being tested with our calculators, to see where we can get with that wonderful tool in our hands.” 8. What effect has the access to search engines produced on human beings? A. People prefer to think independently. B. People find it easier to memorize things. C. People lack motivation to remember things. D. People have lost the ability to remember facts. 9. In context, the mention of remembering a relative’s birthday mainly serves to ______ A. show close-related people share memories. B. show how people developed external memory. C. emphasize collective memory’s effectiveness and accuracy. D. illustrate collective memory with a common situation. 10. The underlined word “extensions” can be replaced by ______. A. delays B. additions C. lengths D. developments 11. What’s Wegner’s attitude towards the effects of computer dependence? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Uncertain. D. Indifferent. D With the Earth at its hottest point in recorded history, and humans doing far from enough to stop its overheating, some astronomers and physicists are proposing an idea — create a huge sunshade (遮阳篷) and send it to a faraway point between the Earth and the sun to block a small but crucial amount of solar radiation, enough to counter global warming. Now, scientists led by Yoram Rozen. a physics professor and the Asher Space Research Institute director at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, say they are ready to build a prototype (原型) shade to show that the idea will work. “To block the necessary amount of solar radiation, the shade would have to be about a million square miles, roughly the size of Argentina. A shade that big would weigh at least 2.5 million tons — too heavy to launch into space,” Dr. Rozen said. “So, the project must involve a series of smaller shades. They would not completely block the sun’s light but cast slightly diffused shade onto the Earth.” Dr. Rozen added that his team was ready to design a prototype shade of 100 square feet and is seeking between $10 million and $20 million to fund the demonstration. The sunshade idea has its critics (批评者). They think that a sunshade would be astronomically expensive. In addition a solar storm or collision with stray space rocks could damage the shield, resulting in sudden, rapid warming with disastrous consequences. However, sunshade supporters say that reducing greenhouse gas emissions at this stage will not go far enough to relieve climate chaos, that carbon dioxide removal has proved extremely difficult to realize, and that every potential solution ought to be explored. Dr. Rozen said the team was still in the pre-design phase but could launch a prototype within three years after securing funds. He estimated that a full-size version would cost trillions but reduce the Earth’s temperature by 1.5 Celsius within two years. 12. What is the sunshade idea mainly about? A. Detecting the amount of solar radiation. B. Building numerous sunshades in Argentina. C. Creating a spacecraft as a block to sunshine. D. Launching the sunshade into outer space and blocking sun radiation. 13. On what basis do critics oppose the sunshade idea? A. High costs and potential risks. B. Technical barriers and heavy weights. C. Variable environment and limited time. D. Inadequate funds and incomplete research. 14. What did Dr. Rozen and his team need most? A. Technical help. B. Launch a prototype. C. Financial support. D. Official permission. 15. What’s the text mainly about? A. Building sunshade to fight warming. B. Earth’s heating problem solutions. C. Scientists’ new project on space. D. Earth’s heat crisis. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Conversational running refers to maintaining a pace at which you can comfortably speak in complete sentences as you move. It usually involves exercising at 60 to 70 percent of your maximum heart rate. According to Kristen Hislop, a certified coach, you rarely choose and achieve this pace because it doesn’t feel like a “hard” workout. ____16____ But even though it doesn’t feel especially challenging, low-intensity training is great for your overall health. Doing low-intensity exercise on a regular basis is going to build up endurance (忍耐力) so you’ll be able to go longer and further. ____17____ And, compared to high-intensity exercise, which uses sugar as fuel, low-intensity exercise burns fat more effectively. Beyond physical benefits, conversational running can improve mental clarity and reduce stress by increasing blood flow to the brain. ____18____ While running, you are near somebody but not necessarily facing them, so there might be a little bit more willingness to open up. This is also a phenomenal way to break interpersonal anxiety barriers. One reason may be that running stimulates endorphins, the body’s natural feel — good chemicals. ____19____ A stronger bond with those you run alongside may thus be formed. Joining a running club can strengthen these positive effects. Finding the right club that matches your pace is crucial. You know the club is the right “fit” after the first outing and talk about meeting up for runs later. You meet people you have dinner and go on vacation with. ____20____ It’s beautiful to be a part of the running group. A. You are likely to become lifelong friends. B. It’s often much slower than you’d anticipate. C. However, its effect may not be felt immediately. D. Everything around you starts to seem more positive. E. You also recover faster and reduce the risk of injuries. F. High-intensity running is thought to provide more benefits. G. Conversational running holds significant social advantages. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Wang Chuqin, a champion in table tennis at the Paris Olympics, gained widespread media attention recently. His fan club on Weibo made a big ____21____ — it shut down its fan group. This was a brave move against “fandom culture”. The action got a lot of attention and became a hot topic on social media. Not only Wang Chuqin, but other athletes like Wang Chang and Liang Weikeng from the Chinese national badminton team also ____22____ their Weibo fan groups. This shows that many athletes are ____23____ this problem of fandom culture. The General Administration of Sport of China noticed too. They held a meeting to deal with the bad ____24____ related to “fandom culture”. Gao Zhidan, the head, said they need to ____25____ it better, raise public awareness, and prevent risks. This is to protect athletes and keep Chinese sports ____26____ developed. “Fandom culture” has a bad ____27____ on athletes. Wang and Fan Zhendong, famous table tennis players, have ____28____ trouble. They were surrounded by ____29____ fans at airports, and some fans even ignored their requests for privacy. Both athletes asked fans to respect their personal ____30____. In response, Wang Chuqin made a statement on Weibo. He ____31____ the practice of “photographers keeping pace with his every step” and ____32____ fans to respect athletes’ privacy. “I don’t want people to wait outside airports to follow and photograph us,” he said. “This disturbs public ____33____ and severely affects our daily lives.” He continued, “On the court, I am an athlete; off the court, I am just an ordinary person. I hope everyone can respect each other’s privacy, maintain ____34____, and allow me some personal space. Thank you.” Fan has previously experienced similar disturbances, including disorderly scenes at airports and incidents ____35____ stalker fans followed him and even entered his hotel room. 21. A. threat B. forecast C. attempt D. decision 22. A. broke in B. broke out C. broke up D. broke down 23. A. for B. against C. with D. towards 24. A. news B. story C. behavior D. campaign 25. A. manage B. create C. obey D. study 26. A. completely B. weakly C. healthily D. competitively 27. A. impact B. example C. model D. image 28. A. solved B. caused C. avoided D. experienced 29. A. crazy B. capable C. accurate D. chief 30. A. time B. space C. energy D. right 31. A. praised B. accepted C. ignored D. criticized 32. A. forced B. ordered C. urged D. begged 33. A. order B. rule C. responsibility D. action 34. A. distance B. relationship C. connection D. friendship 35. A. that B. who C. where D. whose 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese Tea Ceremony The Chinese tea ceremony, ____36____ has a long-standing history, is ____37____ unique and ancient form of traditional Chinese culture. It is not merely about making and drinking tea; it is a way to show ____38____ (generous) and hospitality. When hosting guests, the host is sensitive ____39____ every detail. They carefully prepare the tea set ____40____ choose tea leaves with precision, depending on water temperature. The process of making tea is carried out with great patience. Each movement, ____41____ (range) from scooping the tea leaves to pouring the hot water, is done ____42____ (elegant), creating a peaceful atmosphere. Values ____43____ (attach) to the ceremony, such as respect and harmony, ____44____ (pass) down through generations until now. These values are reliable _____45_____ (source) of spiritual nourishment for the Chinese people, connecting them to their cultural roots. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tim邀请你参加他们学校暑假组织的科技夏令营。你想参加，现就此事写一封信向他咨询夏令营的相关事宜，要点包括： 1.具体日程安排；2.住宿和费用等。（accommodation 住宿） 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was terrified of heights. Of course, it was not really a fear of being in a high place. Rather, it was the view of a long way to fall, of rocks far below me and no firm wall between me and the edge. My sense of security was screamingly absent.I could rely only on my own sure-footedness. Despite my fear, two summers ago I somehow found myself climbing to a high place, while quaking inside and out. Most of our high school had come along on a day trip to the Boquerón, a beautiful and pleasant spot in the foothills of Peru. Its chief attraction is the main waterfall, about 100 feet high, that thunders into a crystal clear pool feeding the Aguaytia River. All around the pool and on down to the rushing river are rocks large and small. The beach is strewn (布满) with rocks. On both sides of the fall, the jungle stretches to meet it, rising parallel to it on a gentler slope. After eating our lunches, many of us wanted to make the climb to an area above it. We knew others had done so on previous trips. A few guys went first to make sure they were on the right path. But after they left, my group of seven decided to go ahead without waiting for them to return. I suspected we were going the wrong way, but I kept silent, figuring that the others knew better. We went along the base of the hill until we reached the climb. It stopped me in my tracks. The climb rose steeply above us. Along the right edge, the jungle hugged the rocks; passage through its trees seemed unlikely to be achieved. The majority of my view was filled with rocks. Peering back down toward the river, I saw a steep slope of rocks all the way to the water. All I could think about was how far it would be to fall. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 My tense thoughts were interrupted by the realization that my friends were already beginning to climb! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ My friends kept right on climbing but they did not forget me. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $