暑期系列第6期：Unit5梳理&名词&考纲词汇E-2025-2026学年沪教牛津版英语九年级上册

2025年上海新九年级英语暑期第6期：9AUnit5梳理&名词&考纲词汇E 教师版 第一部分 Unit 5同步知识梳理 一、词汇Words 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文 1 memory /ˈmemərɪ/ n. 记忆力，记性 2 mind /maɪnd/ n. 头脑，大脑 3 short-term /ˌʃɔːtˈtɜːm/ adj. 短期的，近期的 4 long-term /lɒŋˈtɜːm/ adj. 长期的，长远的 5 essential /ɪˈsenʃəl/ adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的 6 injure /ˈɪndʒər/ v. 伤害，使受伤 7 afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/ adv. 以后，后来 8 basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 最简单的，基础的 9 link /lɪŋk/ n./v. 联系，连接 10 method /ˈmeθəd/ n. 方法，措施 11 memorize /ˈmeməraɪz/ v. 记忆，记住 12 colorful /ˈkʌləfəl/ adj. 有趣的，丰富多彩的 13 mile /maɪl/ n. 英里 14 spider /ˈspaɪdər/ n. 蜘蛛 15 dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 激动人心的，给人印象深刻的 16 opening /ˈəʊpənɪŋ/ n. 开幕式 17 ceremony /ˈserɪməni/ n. 典礼，仪式 18 Olympic /əˈlɪmpɪk/ adj. 奥林匹克运动会的 19 wonder /ˈwʌndər/ v. 想知道，想弄明白 20 goal /ɡəʊl/ n. 进球得分 21 mark /mɑːk/ n. 分数 22 excuse /ɪkˈskjuːz/ n. 理由，借口 二、词组Phrases 序号 英文 中文 1 go wrong 发生故障，出毛病 2 be angry with 对……发怒，对……生气 3 link method 联想法 4 playing card 纸牌 5 *the Olympic Games 奥运会 6 break down 出故障，抛锚 7 had better 应该，最好 8 be connected with 与……有联系 三、词性转换 1 memory n. 回忆，记忆 memorize v. 记忆 2 basic adj. 基本的，基础的 base n. 基地 3 colorful adj. 丰富多彩的 color n. 颜色 v. 涂色 colored adj. 有颜色的 4 open v. 打开；张开；开办；开设 n. 开着的，开口的；敞开的，营业中的 opening n. 开幕式 5 wonder v. 对疑惑；想知道 n. 奇迹，奇观 wonderful adj. 精彩的 6 amazing adj. 令人惊讶的，令人赞叹的 amazed adj. 感到惊叹的 amazement n. 惊讶；惊奇 7 forget v. （forgot，forgot / forgotten）忘记；忘掉 forgetful adj. 健忘的 unforgettable adj. 难忘的 8 feel v. （felt，felt）感觉，觉得；摸，触 feeling n. 感觉 9 drama n. 戏剧 dramatic adj. 戏剧性的，激动人心的 dramatically adv. 突然地 四．单词&词组&句型梳理 1.memory /'memərɪ/ n. 记性，记忆力；记忆，回忆 · memorize v. 记住，记忆 e.g. I have a bad memory for names. = I can’t memorize names clearly. He memorized the list of dates, but forgot the main facts corresponding(相应的) to them. 【辨析：memorize, remember】 memorize 指的是“记住，熟记”，是将原本无记忆的东西通过某种手段而化作记忆。 remember 指的是“回忆，忆起”，是将原来记忆中的东西挖掘出来。 e. g. Can you remember what happened yesterday? Memorize these words and you will have a dictation tomorrow. 2. agree /ə'gri:/ v. 同意 e. g. He agrees with me. 他同意我的意见。 【辨析： agree with, agree to, agree on】 agree with表示“同意……，适合……”，后面一般接人作宾语。 agree to也表示“同意……”，但其后一般接办法、计划、提议或某事件作宾语。 agree on表示“双方就……达成协议，取得一致意见”。 e. g. We agreed on the question. 我们就这个问题取得了一致意见。 I said that she'd better finish the work first. But she didn't agree with me. ……，但她不同意我的话。 We agreed to the plan. 我们同意那个计划。 3. injure /'ɪndʒə/ vt. 伤害，使受伤 e. g. There were two people injured in the car accident. 有两个人在车祸中受了伤。 She was injured badly in an accident during the work. 她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。 · injury n. 伤害，损害；受伤处 e.g. She was taken to hospital with serious head injuries.她头部受重伤被送到医院。 【辨析：injure, hurt, harm, damage, wound, destroy】 injure vt. 损/伤害，受伤；指在事故中受到的意外伤害或情感、名誉上的伤害。 e. g. Don't injure his pride(reputation). 不要伤害他的自尊心（名誉）。 hurt vt.&vi. 使...受伤痛；损害，危害，指肉体或精神上的创伤，强调伤害造成的痛苦。 e. g. It hurts your eyes to read in bed. 在床上看书对眼睛有害。 harm n.&vt. 伤害；损害，危害，指对人或事物的危害。 e. g. Animals are our friends. We can’t harm them. 动物是人类的朋友，我们不要伤害它们。 damage vt.&vi. 损害，毁/破坏，指因损害而使之失去使用价值、用途等。 e. g. The acid rain damaged the crops. 酸雨毁坏了庄稼。 wound vt.&vi. ＆n. 使受伤，打伤；伤口。指利器或子弹给身体造成的伤害。 e. g. The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子弹打伤了他的肩膀。 destroy vt. 破坏，摧毁，毁坏。指有目的有意图地破坏。 e. g. They had destroyed the bridge before the enemy came. 他们在敌人到来之前已经毁坏了这座桥。 4. afterwards/'ɑ:ftəwədz/ adv. 后来，以后，然后 在句中位置灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末。 e. g. Afterwards, he could not remember anything. I heard afterwards from his daughter that he donated all his money to the hope school. We saw the film and walked home together afterwards. 【知识拓展】-ward(s)（后缀） -ward一般构成形容诃，表示“向……的”，如：upward, downward, forward, backward -wards一般构成副词，表示“向...”, 如：upwards, downwards, forwards, backwards,northwards, southwards 注：towards prep. “朝，向；对于；有助于” E.g. He was standing with his back towards me. 5. basic /'beɪsɪk/ adj. 基本/础的，最简单的 e. g. basic data 基本数据 basic industry基础工业 The basic reason why he made so many mistakes in his homework is that he didn’t go over his lessons carefully. 他在家庭作业中犯这么多错的根本原因是他昨天没有复习功课。 · base n.基础 e. g. She used her family's history as a base for her novel. 她把她一家人的经历作为她小说的素材。 6. improve /ɪm'pru:v/ v. 改善，改进 e. g. He had a haircut to improve his appearance. 为了改变形象，他理了发。 【近义】 get better 转好 progress v. 进步，前进 · improvement n. 改进，改善；提高 e.g. There’s been a big improvement in the children’s behaviour. 孩子们的行为举止有了很大的进步。 7. link /lɪŋk/ n. & v. 联系，链接；联合，连接 e. g. There are some links between computer games playing and crime. The two towns are linked by a railway. 这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。 【常用搭配】link A to B/ link A together with B 将A和B连接在一起 e. g. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。 【同义词】connect. v. 联合，连接 link A to B = connect A to B link A with B = connect A with B be linked with = be connected with 8. method /'meθəd/ n. 方法 e. g. The best method of keeping fit is to exercise regularly. 最好的保健方法就是有规律地锻炼。 【辨析：method, way】 这两个词都有“方法”或“方式”的意思。 method 所表示的“方法”可以指做某件事的具体步骤或程序，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。 e. g. To do this, scientists have to devise methods using radar and underwater television. 为此，科学家还要设计出使用雷达和水下电视的方法。 way 可以用来代替method，但不如method正；way相关的词组不能用method替换。 e. g. He always has his own way. 他总是随心所欲。 The only way to do this was to operate. 要做到这一点的唯一方法就是动手术。 9. imagine /ɪ'mædʒɪn/ v. 想象，设想 e. g. Imagine there is a “mile” between the first letter and the last letter. Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity? 【近义】suppose v. 假设，推想，猜想 guess v. 猜测，猜想 · imagination n.想象力，想象 · imaginative adj. 富于想象的，有创造力的 e.g. He is not a imaginative writer. His writing lacks imagination. 他的写作缺乏想象力。 10. dramatic /drə'mætɪk/ adj. 激动人心的，戏剧性的；给人印象深刻的 e. g. The meeting between the mother and her son was dramatic indeed. 母子之间的见面真的很有戏剧性。 · drama n.戏剧，戏剧艺术 e. g. My grandma prefers dramas to popular songs. 我奶奶喜欢戏剧而不喜欢流行歌曲。 11. ceremony /'serəmənɪ/ n. 典礼；仪式 e. g. The wedding ceremony was held on National Day. I watched the opening ceremony of the Shanghai World Expo. I attended the closing ceremony of Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. wedding ceremony 结婚典礼 opening ceremony 开幕式，开学典礼 signing ceremony 签约仪式 第二部分 名词 名词的数 1、规则的可数名词 1）一般加s 2）以 s，sh，ch，x结尾的加 –es 3）辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies 4）以 o 结尾的词 +es; 以 o 结尾 +s 5）以f，fe 结尾的多数为-ves; 以f，fe 结尾的少数直接 + s 1. teachers, books, 2. classes，dishes, matches, boxes 3. cities，countries，parties，factories 4. (1) heroes，Negroes，tomatoes，potatoes (2) radios，zoos，bamboos，pianos，kilos，photos 5. (1) leaves，lives，wives，knives，halves，wolves (2) roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs 2、 不规则的可数名词 1）单复数词形相近 2）fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes： 3）以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时 4）单复数相同 1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice 2. There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. 3.man servant—men servants； woman doctor—women doctors. (*boy/girl students) 4. sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works 3、复合名词 1. son-in-law---sons-in-law 2. looker-on—lookers-on 4、字母,阿拉伯数字 1. There are two l’s in the word “ all ”. 2. Your 7’s and 9’s look alike. 3. It happened in the 1960’s /1960s. 4. I will not accept your if’s and but’s. 5、定冠词加姓氏的复数 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs 6、集体名词 class, family, population, team, crew 1. The class is big.---The class are taking notes in English. 2. The population in China is large. ---- 80% of the population in China are peasants. 7、以s 结尾的学科名词 mathematics , physics, politics, news 8、glasses， trousers类 1. Where are my glasses ？ 2. My new pair of trousers is too long. 3. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 9、不可数名词表示“一个”时 1. a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal 2. a bottle of ink 10、常考不可数名词 information, weather, news, advice, fun，etc. 名词的所有格 1. 一般加’s (1)复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 ’s (2)表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加’s (3)表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加’s (4)名词短语只在最后一个词后加 ’s 1.my sister-in-law’s brother. 2.This is Tom, James and Dick’s room. 3.Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face （to the） south. 4.a quarter of an hour’s talk 2. 有时加of 1）凡不能用’s的情况可用 of表示所属关系 2)当名词有较长的定语时： 1. the City of New York. 2. a map of China. 3. the name of the girl standing at the gate. 4. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday？ 3. 双重所有格 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时 1. a poem of Lu Xun’s 2. a friend of his/hers 3. Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading ? 4. some friends of my brothers’ 4．几种特殊情况 1. the key to the door 2. answers to the question 3. the entrance to the station / cinema 4. tickets for the film / movie 1.Wu Mengchao, a great and ordinary, _____ saved lots of patients with his magic hands. A)doctor B)engineer C)writer D)scientist 【答案】A 【详解】句意：吴梦超，一个伟大而平凡的______, 用他的魔法手拯救了很多病人。 doctor医生；engineer 工程师；writer 作家； scientist科学家。根据文章最后“saved lots of patients with his magic hands.”可知，吴是一位医生。故选A。 2.She believed in facts and observation. In order to explain those “strange” events, she did some ______. （选自完形填空部分） A. exercises B. drawings C. reviews D. experiments 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了解释那些“奇怪”的事件，她做了一些实验。 exercises练习；drawings图纸；reviews评论；experiments实验。根据下文“she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon”可知，把一张圆桌作为地球，一盏灯作为太阳，一面镜子作为月亮，这是王贞仪为解释自然现象所做的实验。故选D。 3. Last week, my friend and I watched an exciting 4 D film in the ___ and it made us feel so real. A) family B)tree C)cinema D)dream 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析．句意：上周，我和我的朋友在_____看了一部令人兴奋的4D电影，这让我们感觉很真实。A. 家族； B. 树； C. 电影院； D. 梦想。根据文章最后“ I watched an exciting 4 D film in the .......”可知，是在电影院看电影。故选C。 4.I don't think there is ever a good reason to lie to our children．Children learn honesty from the 　 　 they see．（选自完形填空部分） A．Films B．Details C．Examples D．teachers 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词．A表示电影；B表示细节；C表示例子；D表示老师．由I don't think there is ever a good reason to lie to our children可知此处表示孩子们在他们看见的实例中来学会诚实，选C 5.As you know,teachers always put the _____ of students above anything else.（选自完形填空部分） A)actions B)needs C)records D)attitudes 【答案】B 【解析】通过前后文学生想学更多知识但不一定都会买报纸推断老师常以学生需求为先。 6.These weren’t stopped by their age or size or lack of resources ，they saw a______ in the world around them and to step hep where they could. （选自完形填空部分） A. sign B. need C. reason D. change 【答案】. B 【解析】句意：他们没有因为年龄、规模或缺乏资源而停止，他们看到了周围世界的需求。 A. sign标志；B. need需要；C. reason原因；D. change改变。根据上文These weren’t stopped by their age or size or lack of resources可知下文是说需求。根据题意，故选B。 7.The book shows them，through other kids' stories，how they can make a ___，too. A. plan B. mistake C. decision D. difference 【答案】.D 【解析】 .句意：这本书通过其他孩子们的故事向他们展示了他们如何才能做出改变。 A. plan计划；B. mistake犯错误；C. decision决定；D. difference不同。根据上文The book explains some of the world's big problems-hunger， health and animals in danger-in a way that young children can understand.The book shows them，through other kids' stories可知，下文是展示他们如何改变，做出不同。短语make a difference，表示有影响，发挥作用。根据题意，故选D。 8.Find the right so that your efforts will work well. A．time B．place C．habit D．skill 【答案】A 【解析】句意：找到合适的时间，使你的工作顺利进行。 time时间；place地点；habit习惯；skill技巧。根据“Some students focus better in the morning；others at night”可知不同的学生需要的时间不一样，此处是指找到合适的时间，故选A。 9.A walk in the countryside and a careful look at can help. A．society B．nature C．pictures D．advertisements 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你还没有，在乡间散步和仔细观察大自然会有所帮助。 society社会；nature自然；pictures图片；advertisements广告；根据“The Swiss scientist, George de Mestral, had the idea for Velcro (粘扣) when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the countryside.”可知，此处指的是“观察大自然”，故选B。 10. When you walk along the______, you should be careful with the cars around you.（选自完形填空部分） A) street B) bridge C) river D) hill 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析．句意：当你沿着______走着时，你应该小心对待你周围的汽车。A) 街B) 桥 C) 河 D) 山。根据文章最后“ 你应该小心对待你周围的汽车。”可知，是在大街上行走。故选A。 11.-Could you tell me the _______ of making such a fantastic model car? -Well, I just followed the steps in the video. （选自完形填空部分） A)culture B)influence C)impression D)method 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析．句意：你能告诉我制造这么棒的模型汽车的_______吗？ -嗯，我只是按照视频中的步骤去做了。根据文章最后“ Well, I just followed the steps in the video.”可知，是告诉我制造汽车的方法。故选D。 12.I couldn't get much of the exhibition of clean-energy products from the website. A. news B. photos C. posters D. advertisements 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词．句意：我从网站上看不到关于清洁能源产品展览会的很多新闻。 A. news新闻；B. photos照片；C. posters海报；D. advertisements广告。根据文中of the exhibition of clean-energy products from the website.可知这里是许多新闻。根据题意，故选A。 13.Did the policeman give much _______ on how to protect personal information？ A．note B．tip C．advice D．book 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词．句意"那个警察对如何保护个人信息给出了很多建议吗？"note笔记．tip小费．advice建议．book书．根据题干Did the policeman give much _______ on how to protect personal information？可知句意应为那个警察对如何保护个人信息给出了很多建议吗？much应修饰不可数名词advice．其他选项都是可数名词，意思也不相符．故选C． 14．Uncle Tom keeps many ________ on his farm and lives a happy life there. A．cat B．dog C．sheep D．chicken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆叔叔在他的农场里养了很多羊，过着幸福的生活。 考查名词辨析。cat猫，可数名词；dog狗，可数名词；sheep羊，是单数也是复数；chicken鸡，可数名词。根据many可知，此空应填复数形式，故选C。 15．Mike stayed awake for hours last night as he had too much ________ before going to bed. A．biscuit B．coffee C．noodle D．chicken wing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：迈克昨晚好几个小时没睡觉，因为他睡前喝了太多咖啡。 考查名词辨析。biscuit饼干，可数名词；coffee咖啡，不可数名词；noodle面条，可数名词；chicken wing鸡翅，可数名词。too much“太多”，修饰不可数名词，coffee符合题意。故选B。 16．The government has made some _________ in environment protection. A．mistake B．decision C．change D．progress 【答案】D 【详解】句意：政府在环境保护方面取得了一些进展。 考查名词的数。mistake错误；decision决定；change变化；progress进展。mistake，decision和change为可数名词，progress为不可数名词，some+可数名词复数或者不可数名词，故选D。 17．The farmer raised plenty of ________ on his farm to sell for food and money. A．sheep B．cow C．pig D．chicken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位农民在他的农场里饲养了大量的羊，出售以换取食物和金钱。 考查名词复数。sheep绵羊，可数名词，复数形式为sheep；cow奶牛，单数可数名词；pig猪，单数可数名词；chicken鸡，单数可数名词。plenty of“大量的、相当多的”，修饰可数名词时，名词应用复数形式。故选A。 18．The adventure team discovered a great deal of ________ during their rainforest exploration. A．plants B．beauty C．birds D．insects 【答案】B 【详解】句意：探险团队在他们对热带雨林的探险过程中发现了很多美景。 考查名词。plants植物；beauty美景；birds鸟；insects昆虫。根据“a great deal of”可知后面要加不可数名词，故选B。 19．Mr. Li is glad that his students are making ________ in their studies day by day. A．suggestion B．decision C．plan D．progress 【答案】D 【详解】句意：李先生很高兴他的学生们在学业上一天天取得进步。 考查名词辨析。suggestion建议；decision决定；plan计划；progress进步。根据“Mr. Li is glad that his students are making...in their studies day by day.”可知，学生在学业上一天天取得进步是李先生高兴的原因。故选D。 20．The famous artist’s ________ of paintings will be shown in the museum next week. A．information B．collection C．attention D．action 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位著名艺术家的绘画收藏将于下周在博物馆展出。 考查名词辨析。information信息；collection收集；attention注意；action行动。根据“of paintings will be shown in the museum next week.”可知是展出他的绘画收藏。故选B。 21．—Did you enjoy the film last night?—No. There was not enough ____________ but too much talking. A．action B．characters C．plots D．noise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你喜欢昨晚的电影吗？——不。没有足够的动作，但有太多的对话。 考查名词词义辨析。action动作；characters角色；plots情节；noise噪音。根据“There was not enough…but too much talking”可知，这里指电影中没有足够的动作，故选A。 22．It’s bad _________ for a man to smoke in the restaurant where smoking is not allowed. A．activity B．manners C．action D．movement 【答案】B 【详解】句意：男士在禁止吸烟的餐厅里吸烟是不礼貌的。 考查名词辨析。activity活动；manners礼貌；action行动；movement移动。根据“smoke in the restaurant where smoking is not allowed.”可知，在禁止吸烟的餐厅里吸烟是不礼貌的。故选B。 23．During his stay in Germany, he learned much ________ of local customs and cultures. A．letter B．knowledge C．idea D．map 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在德国期间，他学到了很多关于当地风俗和文化的知识。 考查名词辨析。letter信；knowledge知识；idea主意；map地图。根据“learned”可知，学习的是德国当地风俗和文化的知识，much修饰不可数名词knowledge。故选B。 24．A family doctor can give people some useful medical ________. A．tip B．note C．advice D．message 【答案】C 【详解】句意：家庭医生可以给人们一些有用的医疗建议。 考查名词辨析。tip提示，可数名词单数；note笔记，可数名词单数；advice劝告，不可数名词；message消息，可数名词单数。根据“some useful medical…”可知，空格处应用可数名词复数或不可数名词。故选C。 25．It doesn’t matter if you don’t know how to use the new washing machines. Here is the ________. You can read it before you have a try. A．instruction B．direction C．information D．suggestion 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你不知道如何使用新洗衣机也没关系。这是使用说明。你可以先看看再试。 考查名词辨析。instruction用法说明；direction方向；information信息；suggestion建议。根据“It doesn’t matter if you don’t know how to use the new washing machines.”及“You can read it before you have a try.”可知，如果你不知道如何使用新洗衣机，对方建议，先看看使用说明，再试试。此处使用instruction，表示“用法说明”符合语境。故选A。 26.During my stay in Germany，I gained much ______ of local customs and cultures． A．suggestion B．idea C．knowledge D．message 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我待在德国期间，我获得了很多当地习俗和文化的知识。 考查名词辨析，结合选项A. suggestion    建议；B. idea主意；C. knowledge知识；D. message信息，故选C。 27．In our daily life, much ________ is provided for us, either through books or on the Internet. A．idea B．skill C．method D．information 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在我们的日常生活中，通过书籍或互联网为我们提供了许多信息。 考查连词辨析。idea想法；skill技术；method方法；information信息。根据much可知，此空应填不可数名词。结合“either through books or on the Internet”可知，在书上或互联网上可以获取信息，故选D。 28．I had to remove some _________ from the house to make room for my new piano. A．desk B．chair C．bookshelf D．furniture 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了给我的新钢琴腾地方，我不得不从房子里搬走一些家具。 考查名词。desk课桌，可数名词单数；chair椅子，可数名词单数；bookshelf书架，可数名词单数；furniture家具，不可数名词。some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，所以是furniture。故选D。 29．I’m worried about the _______ of the medicine. A．safe B．safety C．save D．safely 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我担心这种药的安全性。 考查名词的用法。safe安全的，形容词；safety安全，名词；save保存，动词；safely安全地，副词。分析句子可知，介词about后接名词safety作宾语。故选B。 30．This article offers much useful ________ on how to lose weight and keep healthy. A．topic B．tip C．suggestion D．information 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这篇文章提供了很多关于如何减肥和保持健康的有用信息。 考查名词辨析。topic主题，可数名词；tip建议，可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；information信息，不可数名词。much修饰不可数名词，故选D。 第三部分 词汇打卡E (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 earthquake ['ɜːθkweɪk] n. 地震 2 economy [ɪ'kɒnəmi] n. 经济 3 education [edʒu'keɪʃn] n. 教育，培养 4 effect [ɪ'fekt] n． 效果 5 effort ['efət] n. 努力；艰难的尝试；精力 6 electricity [ɪlek'trɪsəti] n． 电 7 elementary [elɪ'mentri] adj． 初级的；基本的 8 enable [ɪ'neɪbl] v. 使……能够，使……有能力 9 encourage [ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ] vt. 鼓励 10 engineer [endʒɪ'nɪə(r)] n. 工程师；技师 11 enjoyable [ɪn'dʒɔɪəbl] adj． 使人愉快的；使人欢乐的 12 entrance ['entrəns] n． 入口；入场 13 environment [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] n. 环境 14 equal ['iːkwəl] adj./v． 平等的;等于 15 escape [ɪ'skeɪp] n. & v. 逃跑；逃脱 16 European [jʊərə'piːən] a.&n. 欧洲的；欧洲人的 17 excellent ['eksələnt] a. 极好的；优秀的 18 exchange [ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ] v． 交换；交流 19 excite [ɪk'saɪt] vt. 使兴奋，使激动 20 experience [ɪk'spɪəriəns] n. 经验；经历 21 experiment [ɪk'sperɪmənt] n. 实验 22 explain [ɪk'spleɪn] vt. 解释；说明 23 express [ɪk'spres] vt. 表达；表示 24 expect [ɪk'spekt] vt. 预料；盼望 25 expensive [ɪk'spensɪv] a. 昂贵的 26 extra ['ekstrə] adv．adj, 另外；非常；额外的 ◆27 eraser [ɪˈreɪzə(r)] n.． 橡皮擦；黑板擦 ◆28 electronic [ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk] adj． 电子的 ◆29 energetic [ˌenəˈdʒetɪk] adj. 精力充沛的 ◆30 expert [ˈekspɜːt] n.. 专家 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. Don't leave the lights on--- it wastes __________. (electric) 2. Who got to the cinema the __________in our class? (early) 3. Join us, and you’ll find learning English can be __________ and wonderful. (enjoy) 4. He is the __________ twin of the two. (elderly) 5. He got into the car and then started the__________. (engineer) 6. Jane gets angry __________. She'd better get rid of it. (easy) 7. University Tours, which are quite popular these days, are very _______ (education) to teenagers. 8. The bird's large wings __________ it to fly very fast. (able) 9. He went to bed much __________ last night than usual because he had a bad cold. (early) 10. It's __________ to get there on foot than by car. (easy) 11. We need ______ to face all the difficulties. (encourage) 12. Quite a few cars wait at the ______ to the famous kindergarten every afternoon. (enter) 13. They began to shout and jump ______ when they heard the ______ news. (excite) 14. The actor is ______ what we are looking for. (exact) 15. Next month our ______ friends will pay a visit to Shanghai. (Europe) 【答案】1.electricity 2.earliest 3.enjoyable 4.elder 5.engine 6.easily 7.educational 8.enable 9.earlier 10.easier 11.courage 12.entrance 13.excitedly 14.exactly 15.European 考纲词组默写： 81.办理登机;登记(人住等) 82.出生于;来自 83.快;走吧;跟我来 84.结束 85.实现 86.想出(主意或计划);提出;赶上 87.与……交流 88.与……竞争;与……攀比 89.抱怨;投诉 90.由……组成 91.砍倒;削减 92.处理 93.依靠，依赖 94.因……(病)而死 95.对……有害,损害 96.尽最大努力 97.帮某人忙 98.买东西 99.想到 100.(穿着)打扮 答案： 81.check in 82.come from 83.come on 84. come to an end 85.come true 86. come up with 87.communicate with 88. compete with 89.complain about 90.consist of 91. cut down 92.deal with 93. depend on 94.die of 95. do harm to 96. do one's best 97.do sb.a favour 98.do some shopping 99.dream of 100. dress up 第四部分 Choose the proper words or phrase to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once. (选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。) Life in space A. view B. noisiest C. imagine D. consider E. sicker Imagine sitting in a rocket, ready to take off. Excited? Actually, waiting is really boring. But then, wow! You travel faster than you ever thought possible. You go into orbit (轨道) in eight and a half minutes! And it’s the ___16___ journey ever. You get a terrible headache and you feel ___17___ than you’ve ever felt before. You can’t eat for a few days until your stomach feels better being in space. Food isn’t important in space, anyway. It all tastes much worse than you can ___18___. You can take lovely chocolate with you, but it tastes of nothing up there. However, you have the best ___19___ while you’re eating. You can watch the Sun rise 16 times a day! You can see everything more clearly up there. Our planet looks amazing. A. strike B. experience C. grow D. step E. stick When you are in orbit, there is no gravity (重力), of course. So, you ___20___ taller, which is nice, except that there’s little space in the space station! Everything floats, including you. You work a bit more slowly. Everything is harder to do. Going to bed is strange. You sleep much less comfortably. You have to ___21___ your sleeping bag to a wall and your pillow (枕头) to your head! If you go outside, you have to move a lot more carefully. Every ___22___ is so important that it can be stressful at times. But being in space in a spacesuit is the most amazing ___23___! However, the hardest thing of all is returning home. It can take weeks for your muscles to remember how to move on the Earth! 【答案】16. B 17. E 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. E 22. D 23. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了在太空的生活是什么样的。 【16题详解】 句意：而且是有史以来最嘈杂的旅程。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用形容词最高级；noisiest“最嘈杂的”，符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 句意：你头痛得厉害，感觉比以前任何时候都要难受根据“feel ... than”可知，此处应用形容词比较级作表语；sicker符合语境。故选E。 【18题详解】 句意：它的味道比你想象的要糟糕得多。情态动词can后接动词原形，结合备选词，imagine“想象”，符合语境。故选C。 【19题详解】 句意：然而，当你吃饭的时候，你的视野是最好的。根据“you have the best”可知，此处应填入名词；再根据“You can watch the Sun rise 16 times a day!”可知，view“视野”，符合语境。故选A。 【20题详解】 句意：所以，你长高了，这很好，但空间站的空间很小！根据“taller”为形容词比较级可知，空处应用系动词；结合备选词，grow“生长”符合语境。故选C。 【21题详解】 句意：你必须把睡袋贴在墙上，把枕头贴在头上！根据“Everything floats, including you.”可知，在太空，所有的东西都是飘着的，所以睡觉时要把睡袋贴墙上，头贴在枕头上；stick“粘住”符合语境。故选E。 【22题详解】 句意：每一步都是如此重要，以至于有时会让人感到压力。根据“If you go outside, you have to move a lot more carefully.”可知，此处指到舱外走的每一步，step“步伐”符合语境。故选D。 【23题详解】 句意：但在太空中穿着宇航服是最神奇的经历。根据“But being in space in a spacesuit is the most amazing”可知，此处要填一个名词；结合备选词，experience“经历”，符合语境。故选B。 Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用所给单词的适当形式填空) 24. Timidity (胆怯) and laziness are people’s greatest _________. (enemy) 【答案】enemies 【详解】句意：胆怯和懒惰是人最大的敌人。enemy“敌人”，根据“Timidity (胆怯) and laziness are”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，即enemies。故填enemies。 25. Take the lift to the ________ floor. You’ll see Susan’s office just opposite. (five) 【答案】fifth 【详解】句意：乘电梯到五楼。你将会看到苏珊的办公室就在对面。five“五”，基数词；根据“Take the lift to the...floor. You’ll see Susan’s office just opposite.”可知，此处指办公室在第五楼，应用序数词fifth“第五”，表示顺序。故填fifth。 26. Make sure the door is _________ locked before you leave. (secure) 【答案】securely 【详解】句意：在你离开之前，确信门锁好了。根据“the door is...locked before you leave”可知，空格处应填副词修饰locked。secure“安全的，可靠的”，形容词，其副词为securely。故填securely。 27. He was ________ at being left out of the team and couldn’t eat a bite. (happy) 【答案】unhappy 【详解】句意：他对被排除在队伍之外感到不高兴，一口也吃不下。空前是be动词was，所以空处填形容词形式，根据“being left out of the team”可知，他被排除在队伍之外，所以是不开心，unhappy“不开心的”。故填unhappy。 28. We are all _________ at the news of Maggie Smith’s death. (shock) 【答案】shocked 【详解】句意：听到玛吉·史密斯去世的消息，我们都很震惊。shock“使震惊”。根据“We are all...at the news”可知，我们应该是对这个消息感到震惊，空格处应用形容词作表语，“感到震惊的”shocked。故填shocked。 29. Do you know how to _________ the newly-invented robot? (operation) 【答案】operate 【详解】句意：你知道如何操作新发明的机器人吗？此题结构为“疑问词+to do”，空处填动词原形，operation为名词“操作”，动词原形为operate。故填operate。 30. Did you see the ________ of Mary’s hair? It almost reaches her knee. (long) 【答案】length 【详解】句意：你看见了玛丽头发的长度吗？几乎达到了她的膝盖。空处作see的宾语用名词形式，long对应的名词是length“长度”，故填length。 31. In my opinion, _________ thinking is essential for children’s personal growth. (depend) 【答案】independent 【详解】句意：在我看来，独立思考对孩子的个人成长至关重要。depend“依赖”。根据“thinking is essential for children’s personal growth.”可知，此处应表示独立思考对孩子的个人成长至关重要，空格处应用形容词“独立的”independent，修饰动名词thinking。故填independent。 Complete the following sentences as required 32. She’s already decorated the house. (改为一般疑问句) _________ she decorated the house _________? 【答案】Has yet 【详解】句意：她已经把房子装饰好了。根据“She’s already decorated”可知，此处的She’s为She has的缩写，has与decorated一起构成现在完成时的三单形式，故变一般疑问句时，应将助动词has放于句首，首字母h要大写。变为疑问句时，应将already变为yet，放于句末。故填Has；yet。 33. It is a 45-minute bus ride from the city centre to the old town. (就划线部分提问) ________ ________ is it from the city centre to the old town? 【答案】How far 【详解】句意：从市中心乘公共汽车到老城区需要45分钟。划线部分表示距离，提问用how far；how位于句首，首字母大写。故填How；far。 34. Tim arrived early in order to get a good seat. (保持原句意思基本不变) Tim arrived early _________ _________ he could get a good seat. 【答案】so that 【详解】句意：蒂姆来得早是为了找个好座位。原句中in order to表示“为了……”，作目的状语，下文“he could get a good seat.”是句子，故用so that引导目的状语从句。故填so；that。 35. How do you manage to balance work and play? (保持原句意思基本不变) How do you _________ _________ balancing work and play? 【答案】succeed in 【详解】句意：你是如何平衡工作和娱乐的？manage to do sth设法完成某事，相当于succeed in doing sth。一般疑问句助动词do后面跟动词原形，故填succeed；in。 36. The traditional skill of paper-cutting has attracted lots of foreign students. (改为被动语态) Lots of foreign students _________ _________ attracted by the traditional skill of paper-cutting. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：传统的剪纸技艺吸引了许多外国学生。原句has attracted是现在完成时，改为现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done，主语“Lots of foreign students”是复数形式，助动词用have，故填have；been。 37. Joe asked me, “Will you contact me next week?” (改为间接引语) Joe asked me _________ I _________ contact him next week. 【答案】if/whether would 【详解】句意：乔问我：“你下周能联系我吗？”原句直接引语部分是一般疑问句，时态为一般将来时，所以在间接引语的句子中应变为陈述句，ask后跟宾语从句，语序为陈述语序，引导词应用if/whether“是否”表达疑问的语气；主句的时态为一般过去式，从句的时态应用过去将来时“would+动词原形”。故填if/whether；would。 38. the boy, his neighbour, for, breaking, apologized to, the window (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】The boy apologized to his neighbour for breaking the window 【详解】根据所给单词可知，此处应为肯定句。the boy“男孩”，名词作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；apologized to“向……道歉”，作谓语动词；his neighbour“他的邻居”，作宾语；for breaking the window“为打破窗户”，作状语。故填The boy apologized to his neighbour for breaking the window“男孩为打破窗户向他的邻居道歉”。 Fill in the blanks with proper words. (在短文空格内填入适当词，使其内容通顺，首字母已给) Everyone is born with ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. Research shows that s___51___ learners have some good habits in common. Creating an interest in what they learn Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more a___52___ and it’s also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. Good learners often c___53___ what they need to learn with something interesting. For example, if they need to learn English and they like music or sports, they can listen to English songs or watch sports programs in English. This way they will not get bored. Practising and learning from mistakes Good learners think about they are good at and what they need to practise more. Remember “Use it or lose it.” Even if you learn something well, you will f___54___ it unless you use it. “Practice makes perfect.” Good learners will keep practising what they have learned, and they are not a___55___ of making mistakes. Alexander Graham Bell didn’t invent the telephone overnight. He kept trying many times and learned from his mistakes. D___56___ their study skills It’s not enough to just study hard. Good learners know the best way they can study. For example, they may take notes by writing down key words or by drawing mind maps. They also look for ways to review what they have learned. They may do this by reading their notes every day or by explaining the information to another student. Asking questions Good learners often ask questions during or after class. They even ask each other and try to find out the answers. Knowledge comes from questioning. Learning is a lifelong journey because every day brings something n___57___. Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wisely and learn well. 【答案】51. successful 52. active 53. connect 54.  forget 55. afraid 56. Developing 57. new 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些成功的学习者通常具备的一些良好学习习惯。 【51题详解】 句意：研究表明，成功的学习者有一些共同的好习惯。空后是名词，空处填形容词，根据“learners have some good habits in common”及首字母提示可知，此处指成功的学习者，successful“成功的”符合句意。故填(s)uccessful。 【52题详解】 句意：研究表明，如果你对某事感兴趣，你的大脑会更活跃，并且你也更容易长时间专注于它。根据“and it’s also easier”可知，and连接前后两部分结构一致，都是比较级，“more+形容词原形”构成比较级，结合首字母提示，此处是指你的大脑会更活跃，active“活跃的”符合句意。故填(a)ctive。 【53题详解】 句意：好的学习者经常将他们需要学习的东西与有趣的东西联系起来。分析句子结构，空处缺少谓语，填动词，根据often可知，时态用一般现在时，根据“what they need to learn with something interesting”可知，此处指把所学的东西和有趣的东西联系起来，connect“联系”符合句意，主语是复数，填动词原形。故填(c)onnect。 【54题详解】 句意：即使你学得很好，除非你使用它，否则你会忘记它。分析前后句意是让步关系，结合首字母提示可知，此处指即使学得很好，也会忘记，forget“忘记”，will后面跟动词原形。故填(f)orget。 【55题详解】 句意：好的学习者会不断练习他们所学的东西，并且不害怕出错。空前是be动词，空处填形容词，根据“making mistakes”可知，此处指“害怕出错”，be afraid of“害怕”符合句意。故填(a)fraid。 【56题详解】 句意：培养他们的学习技能。根据本段内容介绍了如何培养学习技巧，结合首字母提示可知，develop“培养”符合句意，结合每段小标题都是动名词结构，因此用developing。故填(D)eveloping。 【57题详解】 句意：学习是一段终身的旅程，因为每天都会带来一些新的东西。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词修饰不定代词something，根据“Learning is a lifelong journey because every day brings something”及首字母提示，此处指“新的事物”，new“新的”符合句意。故填(n)ew。 Answer the questions. (根据短文内容回答问题) This was my grandmother’s first birthday without grandfather, and before he passed away, we had promised him that we would make it her best birthday ever. Grandfather had always said that grandmother expected her birthday party every day since it was also a time for family reunion (团聚). When my parents, three sisters and I arrived at her house, we found she had waited up all night for our arrival. Once arriving, we immediately set to prepare for the birthday celebration. We ordered a large birthday cake and decorated the house with colorful belts and balloons. When everything was ready, I noticed something was missing. “Where is your scarf? ” I asked. That scarf, faded (褪色的) and even older than my mother, meant a lot to my grandmother. Grandfather gave it to grandmother forty years ago on their first date. But now, on her first birthday without him, the scarf was gone, too. “It must be somewhere,” she said, “Your grandfather always packed everything so carefully.” Then we began to search every corner for the missing scarf. As we emptied box after box and found no scarf, my grandmother’s eyes were filled with tears. However, seeing our worried look, she soon hid her disappointment. “Check it out! This may be a gift from grandfather!” My sister shouted as the found a well-wrapped (精美包装的) box. Grandmother shakily opened the box. With great joy, she pulled out a brand-new red scarf with a note. Her voice trembled as she read it aloud: “Dear, I noticed some tiny holes in your scarf when I washed it. So I thought it was time for a new one. I hope it can bring you as much joy as the first one did. Happy birthday! Love, Bryant.” Finally, grandmother blew out the candles in her new scarf, as if grandfather were still with her. It also brought my grandfather home in each of our hearts and made the party our best birthday celebration ever. 58. Grandmother looked forward to her birthday party, didn’t she? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What did the family members do to prepare for grandmother’s birthday party? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 60. How long had grandmother owned the old scarf? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 61. How did grandmother feel when she couldn’t find the old scarf? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 62. Why did grandfather buy a new scarf for grandmother? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 63. Besides buying grandmother a new scarf, what other details also show grandfather’s deep love? (List 2 of them) Detail 1: _____________________________________________________________________________________ Detail 2: _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】58. Yes, she did. 59. They ordered a large birthday cake and decorated the house with colorful belts and balloons. 60. For forty years. 61. She felt disappointed. 62. Because he noticed some tiny holes in her scarf. 63.①. Before passing away, grandfather remembered to ask his children to make grandmother’s birthday the best ever.  ②. He always told the children that grandmother expected a family reunion. 【导语】本文主要讲述了祖父过世后，作者和家人陪祖母过的一个特殊的生日。 【58题详解】 根据文中“Grandfather had always said that grandmother expected her birthday party every day since it was also a time for family reunion.”可知，祖母期待她的生日聚会。故填Yes, she did. 【59题详解】 根据“We ordered a large birthday cake and decorated the house with colorful belts and balloons.”可知，家人们订购了一个大生日蛋糕，并用彩带和气球装饰了房子。故填They ordered a large birthday cake and decorated the house with colorful belts and balloons. 【60题详解】 根据“Grandfather gave it to grandmother forty years ago on their first date.”可知，祖母拥有这条旧围巾四十年了。故填For forty years. 【61题详解】 根据“my grandmother’s eyes were filled with tears. However, seeing our worried look, she soon hid her disappointment.”可知，祖母找不到旧围巾时感到失望。故填She felt disappointed. 【62题详解】 根据“Dear, I noticed some tiny holes in your scarf when I washed it. So I thought it was time for a new one.”可知，祖父买新围巾是因为他注意到旧围巾上有洞。故填Because he noticed some tiny holes in her scarf. 【63题详解】 根据“before he passed away, we had promised him that we would make it her best birthday ever”以及“Grandfather had always said that grandmother expected her birthday party every day since it was also a time for family reunion.”可知，祖父在去世前记得让孩子们为祖母过一个最好的生日，并且总是告诉孩子们祖母希望全家团聚。故填Before passing away, grandfather remembered to ask his children to make grandmother’s birthday the best ever.；He always told the children that grandmother expected a family reunion. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年上海新九年级英语暑期第6期：9AUnit5梳理&名词&考纲词汇E 学生版 第一部分 Unit 5同步知识梳理 一、词汇Words 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文 1 /ˈmemərɪ/ n. 记忆力，记性 2 /maɪnd/ n. 头脑，大脑 3 /ˌʃɔːtˈtɜːm/ adj. 短期的，近期的 4 /lɒŋˈtɜːm/ adj. 长期的，长远的 5 /ɪˈsenʃəl/ adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的 6 /ˈɪndʒər/ v. 伤害，使受伤 7 /ˈɑːftəwədz/ adv. 以后，后来 8 /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 最简单的，基础的 9 /lɪŋk/ n./v. 联系，连接 10 /ˈmeθəd/ n. 方法，措施 11 /ˈmeməraɪz/ v. 记忆，记住 12 /ˈkʌləfəl/ adj. 有趣的，丰富多彩的 13 /maɪl/ n. 英里 14 /ˈspaɪdər/ n. 蜘蛛 15 /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 激动人心的，给人印象深刻的 16 /ˈəʊpənɪŋ/ n. 开幕式 17 /ˈserɪməni/ n. 典礼，仪式 18 /əˈlɪmpɪk/ adj. 奥林匹克运动会的 19 /ˈwʌndər/ v. 想知道，想弄明白 20 /ɡəʊl/ n. 进球得分 21 /mɑːk/ n. 分数 22 /ɪkˈskjuːz/ n. 理由，借口 二、词组Phrases 序号 英文 中文 1 发生故障，出毛病 2 对……发怒，对……生气 3 联想法 4 纸牌 5 奥运会 6 出故障，抛锚 7 应该，最好 8 与……有联系 三、词性转换 1 n. 回忆，记忆 v. 记忆 2 adj. 基本的，基础的 n. 基地 3 adj. 丰富多彩的 n. 颜色 v. 涂色 adj. 有颜色的 4 v. 打开；张开；开办；开设 n. 开着的，开口的；敞开的，营业中的 n. 开幕式 5 v. 对疑惑；想知道 n. 奇迹，奇观 adj. 精彩的 6 adj. 令人惊讶的，令人赞叹的 adj. 感到惊叹的 n. 惊讶；惊奇 7 v. （forgot，forgot / forgotten）忘记；忘掉 adj. 健忘的 adj. 难忘的 8 v. （felt，felt）感觉，觉得；摸，触 n. 感觉 9 n. 戏剧 adj. 戏剧性的，激动人心的 adv. 突然地 四．单词&词组&句型梳理 1.memory /'memərɪ/ n. 记性，记忆力；记忆，回忆 · memorize v. 记住，记忆 e.g. I have a bad memory for names. = I can’t memorize names clearly. He memorized the list of dates, but forgot the main facts corresponding(相应的) to them. 【辨析：memorize, remember】 memorize 指的是“记住，熟记”，是将原本无记忆的东西通过某种手段而化作记忆。 remember 指的是“回忆，忆起”，是将原来记忆中的东西挖掘出来。 e. g. Can you remember what happened yesterday? Memorize these words and you will have a dictation tomorrow. 2. agree /ə'gri:/ v. 同意 e. g. He agrees with me. 他同意我的意见。 【辨析： agree with, agree to, agree on】 agree with表示“同意……，适合……”，后面一般接人作宾语。 agree to也表示“同意……”，但其后一般接办法、计划、提议或某事件作宾语。 agree on表示“双方就……达成协议，取得一致意见”。 e. g. We agreed on the question. 我们就这个问题取得了一致意见。 I said that she'd better finish the work first. But she didn't agree with me. ……，但她不同意我的话。 We agreed to the plan. 我们同意那个计划。 3. injure /'ɪndʒə/ vt. 伤害，使受伤 e. g. There were two people injured in the car accident. 有两个人在车祸中受了伤。 She was injured badly in an accident during the work. 她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。 · injury n. 伤害，损害；受伤处 e.g. She was taken to hospital with serious head injuries.她头部受重伤被送到医院。 【辨析：injure, hurt, harm, damage, wound, destroy】 injure vt. 损/伤害，受伤；指在事故中受到的意外伤害或情感、名誉上的伤害。 e. g. Don't injure his pride(reputation). 不要伤害他的自尊心（名誉）。 hurt vt.&vi. 使...受伤痛；损害，危害，指肉体或精神上的创伤，强调伤害造成的痛苦。 e. g. It hurts your eyes to read in bed. 在床上看书对眼睛有害。 harm n.&vt. 伤害；损害，危害，指对人或事物的危害。 e. g. Animals are our friends. We can’t harm them. 动物是人类的朋友，我们不要伤害它们。 damage vt.&vi. 损害，毁/破坏，指因损害而使之失去使用价值、用途等。 e. g. The acid rain damaged the crops. 酸雨毁坏了庄稼。 wound vt.&vi. ＆n. 使受伤，打伤；伤口。指利器或子弹给身体造成的伤害。 e. g. The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子弹打伤了他的肩膀。 destroy vt. 破坏，摧毁，毁坏。指有目的有意图地破坏。 e. g. They had destroyed the bridge before the enemy came. 他们在敌人到来之前已经毁坏了这座桥。 4. afterwards/'ɑ:ftəwədz/ adv. 后来，以后，然后 在句中位置灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末。 e. g. Afterwards, he could not remember anything. I heard afterwards from his daughter that he donated all his money to the hope school. We saw the film and walked home together afterwards. 【知识拓展】-ward(s)（后缀） -ward一般构成形容诃，表示“向……的”，如：upward, downward, forward, backward -wards一般构成副词，表示“向...”, 如：upwards, downwards, forwards, backwards,northwards, southwards 注：towards prep. “朝，向；对于；有助于” E.g. He was standing with his back towards me. 5. basic /'beɪsɪk/ adj. 基本/础的，最简单的 e. g. basic data 基本数据 basic industry基础工业 The basic reason why he made so many mistakes in his homework is that he didn’t go over his lessons carefully. 他在家庭作业中犯这么多错的根本原因是他昨天没有复习功课。 · base n.基础 e. g. She used her family's history as a base for her novel. 她把她一家人的经历作为她小说的素材。 6. improve /ɪm'pru:v/ v. 改善，改进 e. g. He had a haircut to improve his appearance. 为了改变形象，他理了发。 【近义】 get better 转好 progress v. 进步，前进 · improvement n. 改进，改善；提高 e.g. There’s been a big improvement in the children’s behaviour. 孩子们的行为举止有了很大的进步。 7. link /lɪŋk/ n. & v. 联系，链接；联合，连接 e. g. There are some links between computer games playing and crime. The two towns are linked by a railway. 这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。 【常用搭配】link A to B/ link A together with B 将A和B连接在一起 e. g. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。 【同义词】connect. v. 联合，连接 link A to B = connect A to B link A with B = connect A with B be linked with = be connected with 8. method /'meθəd/ n. 方法 e. g. The best method of keeping fit is to exercise regularly. 最好的保健方法就是有规律地锻炼。 【辨析：method, way】 这两个词都有“方法”或“方式”的意思。 method 所表示的“方法”可以指做某件事的具体步骤或程序，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。 e. g. To do this, scientists have to devise methods using radar and underwater television. 为此，科学家还要设计出使用雷达和水下电视的方法。 way 可以用来代替method，但不如method正；way相关的词组不能用method替换。 e. g. He always has his own way. 他总是随心所欲。 The only way to do this was to operate. 要做到这一点的唯一方法就是动手术。 9. imagine /ɪ'mædʒɪn/ v. 想象，设想 e. g. Imagine there is a “mile” between the first letter and the last letter. Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity? 【近义】suppose v. 假设，推想，猜想 guess v. 猜测，猜想 · imagination n.想象力，想象 · imaginative adj. 富于想象的，有创造力的 e.g. He is not a imaginative writer. His writing lacks imagination. 他的写作缺乏想象力。 10. dramatic /drə'mætɪk/ adj. 激动人心的，戏剧性的；给人印象深刻的 e. g. The meeting between the mother and her son was dramatic indeed. 母子之间的见面真的很有戏剧性。 · drama n.戏剧，戏剧艺术 e. g. My grandma prefers dramas to popular songs. 我奶奶喜欢戏剧而不喜欢流行歌曲。 11. ceremony /'serəmənɪ/ n. 典礼；仪式 e. g. The wedding ceremony was held on National Day. I watched the opening ceremony of the Shanghai World Expo. I attended the closing ceremony of Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. wedding ceremony 结婚典礼 opening ceremony 开幕式，开学典礼 signing ceremony 签约仪式 第二部分 名词 名词的数 1、规则的可数名词 1）一般加s 2）以 s，sh，ch，x结尾的加 –es 3）辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies 4）以 o 结尾的词 +es; 以 o 结尾 +s 5）以f，fe 结尾的多数为-ves; 以f，fe 结尾的少数直接 + s 1. teachers, books, 2. classes，dishes, matches, boxes 3. cities，countries，parties，factories 4. (1) heroes，Negroes，tomatoes，potatoes (2) radios，zoos，bamboos，pianos，kilos，photos 5. (1) leaves，lives，wives，knives，halves，wolves (2) roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs 2、 不规则的可数名词 1）单复数词形相近 2）fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes： 3）以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时 4）单复数相同 1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice 2. There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. 3.man servant—men servants； woman doctor—women doctors. (*boy/girl students) 4. sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works 3、复合名词 1. son-in-law---sons-in-law 2. looker-on—lookers-on 4、字母,阿拉伯数字 1. There are two l’s in the word “ all ”. 2. Your 7’s and 9’s look alike. 3. It happened in the 1960’s /1960s. 4. I will not accept your if’s and but’s. 5、定冠词加姓氏的复数 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs 6、集体名词 class, family, population, team, crew 1. The class is big.---The class are taking notes in English. 2. The population in China is large. ---- 80% of the population in China are peasants. 7、以s 结尾的学科名词 mathematics , physics, politics, news 8、glasses， trousers类 1. Where are my glasses ？ 2. My new pair of trousers is too long. 3. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 9、不可数名词表示“一个”时 1. a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal 2. a bottle of ink 10、常考不可数名词 information, weather, news, advice, fun，etc. 名词的所有格 1. 一般加’s (1)复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 ’s (2)表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加’s (3)表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加’s (4)名词短语只在最后一个词后加 ’s 1.my sister-in-law’s brother. 2.This is Tom, James and Dick’s room. 3.Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face （to the） south. 4.a quarter of an hour’s talk 2. 有时加of 1）凡不能用’s的情况可用 of表示所属关系 2)当名词有较长的定语时： 1. the City of New York. 2. a map of China. 3. the name of the girl standing at the gate. 4. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday？ 3. 双重所有格 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时 1. a poem of Lu Xun’s 2. a friend of his/hers 3. Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading ? 4. some friends of my brothers’ 4．几种特殊情况 1. the key to the door 2. answers to the question 3. the entrance to the station / cinema 4. tickets for the film / movie 1.Wu Mengchao, a great and ordinary, _____ saved lots of patients with his magic hands. A)doctor B)engineer C)writer D)scientist 2.She believed in facts and observation. In order to explain those “strange” events, she did some ______. （选自完形填空部分） A. exercises B. drawings C. reviews D. experiments 3. Last week, my friend and I watched an exciting 4 D film in the ___ and it made us feel so real. A) family B)tree C)cinema D)dream 4.I don't think there is ever a good reason to lie to our children．Children learn honesty from the 　 　 they see．（选自完形填空部分） A．films B．details C．examples D．teachers 5.As you know,teachers always put the _____ of students above anything else.（选自完形填空部分） A)actions B)needs C)records D)attitudes 6.These weren’t stopped by their age or size or lack of resources ，they saw a______ in the world around them and to step hep where they could. （选自完形填空部分） A. sign B. need C. reason D. change 7.The book shows them，through other kids' stories，how they can make a ___，too. A. plan B. mistake C. decision D. difference 8.Find the right so that your efforts will work well. A．time B．place C．habit D．skill 9.A walk in the countryside and a careful look at can help. A．society B．nature C．pictures D．advertisements 10. When you walk along the______, you should be careful with the cars around you.（选自完形填空部分） A) street B) bridge C) river D) hill 11.-Could you tell me the _______ of making such a fantastic model car? -Well, I just followed the steps in the video. （选自完形填空部分） A)culture B)influence C)impression D)method 12.I couldn't get much of the exhibition of clean-energy products from the website. A. news B. photos C. posters D. advertisements 13.Did the policeman give much _______ on how to protect personal information？ A．note B．tip C．advice D．book 14．Uncle Tom keeps many ________ on his farm and lives a happy life there. A．cat B．dog C．sheep D．chicken 15．Mike stayed awake for hours last night as he had too much ________ before going to bed. A．biscuit B．coffee C．noodle D．chicken wing 16．The government has made some _________ in environment protection. A．mistake B．decision C．change D．progress 17．The farmer raised plenty of ________ on his farm to sell for food and money. A．sheep B．cow C．pig D．chicken 18．The adventure team discovered a great deal of ________ during their rainforest exploration. A．plants B．beauty C．birds D．insects 19．Mr. Li is glad that his students are making ________ in their studies day by day. A．suggestion B．decision C．plan D．progress 20．The famous artist’s ________ of paintings will be shown in the museum next week. A．information B．collection C．attention D．action 21．—Did you enjoy the film last night?—No. There was not enough ____________ but too much talking. A．action B．characters C．plots D．noise 22．It’s bad _________ for a man to smoke in the restaurant where smoking is not allowed. A．activity B．manners C．action D．movement 23．During his stay in Germany, he learned much ________ of local customs and cultures. A．letter B．knowledge C．idea D．map 24．A family doctor can give people some useful medical ________. A．tip B．note C．advice D．message 25．It doesn’t matter if you don’t know how to use the new washing machines. Here is the ________. You can read it before you have a try. A．instruction B．direction C．information D．suggestion 26.During my stay in Germany，I gained much ______ of local customs and cultures． A．suggestion B．idea C．knowledge D．message 27．In our daily life, much ________ is provided for us, either through books or on the Internet. A．idea B．skill C．method D．information 28．I had to remove some _________ from the house to make room for my new piano. A．desk B．chair C．bookshelf D．furniture 29．I’m worried about the _______ of the medicine. A．safe B．safety C．save D．safely 30．This article offers much useful ________ on how to lose weight and keep healthy. A．topic B．tip C．suggestion D．information 第三部分 词汇打卡E (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 ['ɜːθkweɪk] n. 地震 2 [ɪ'kɒnəmi] n. 经济 3 [edʒu'keɪʃn] n. 教育，培养 4 [ɪ'fekt] n． 效果 5 ['efət] n. 努力；艰难的尝试；精力 6 [ɪlek'trɪsəti] n． 电 7 [elɪ'mentri] adj． 初级的；基本的 8 [ɪ'neɪbl] v. 使……能够，使……有能力 9 [ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ] vt. 鼓励 10 [endʒɪ'nɪə(r)] n. 工程师；技师 11 [ɪn'dʒɔɪəbl] adj． 使人愉快的；使人欢乐的 12 ['entrəns] n． 入口；入场 13 [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] n. 环境 14 ['iːkwəl] adj./v． 平等的;等于 15 [ɪ'skeɪp] n. & v. 逃跑；逃脱 16 [jʊərə'piːən] a.&n. 欧洲的；欧洲人的 17 ['eksələnt] a. 极好的；优秀的 18 [ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ] v． 交换；交流 19 [ɪk'saɪt] vt. 使兴奋，使激动 20 [ɪk'spɪəriəns] n. 经验；经历 21 [ɪk'sperɪmənt] n. 实验 22 [ɪk'spleɪn] vt. 解释；说明 23 [ɪk'spres] vt. 表达；表示 24 [ɪk'spekt] vt. 预料；盼望 25 [ɪk'spensɪv] a. 昂贵的 26 ['ekstrə] adv．adj, 另外；非常；额外的 ◆27 [ɪˈreɪzə(r)] n.． 橡皮擦；黑板擦 ◆28 [ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk] adj． 电子的 ◆29 [ˌenəˈdʒetɪk] adj. 精力充沛的 ◆30 [ˈekspɜːt] n.. 专家 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. Don't leave the lights on--- it wastes __________. (electric) 2. Who got to the cinema the __________in our class? (early) 3. Join us, and you’ll find learning English can be __________ and wonderful. (enjoy) 4. He is the __________ twin of the two. (elderly) 5. He got into the car and then started the__________. (engineer) 6. Jane gets angry __________. She'd better get rid of it. (easy) 7. University Tours, which are quite popular these days, are very _______ (education) to teenagers. 8. The bird's large wings __________ it to fly very fast. (able) 9. He went to bed much __________ last night than usual because he had a bad cold. (early) 10. It's __________ to get there on foot than by car. (easy) 11. We need ______ to face all the difficulties. (encourage) 12. Quite a few cars wait at the ______ to the famous kindergarten every afternoon. (enter) 13. They began to shout and jump ______ when they heard the ______ news. (excite) 14. The actor is ______ what we are looking for. (exact) 15. Next month our ______ friends will pay a visit to Shanghai. (Europe) 考纲词组默写： 81.办理登机;登记(人住等) 82.出生于;来自 83.快;走吧;跟我来 84.结束 85.实现 86.想出(主意或计划);提出;赶上 87.与……交流 88.与……竞争;与……攀比 89.抱怨;投诉 90.由……组成 91.砍倒;削减 92.处理 93.依靠，依赖 94.因……(病)而死 95.对……有害,损害 96.尽最大努力 97.帮某人忙 98.买东西 99.想到 100.(穿着)打扮 第四部分 Choose the proper words or phrase to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once. (选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。) Life in space A. view B. noisiest C. imagine D. consider E. sicker Imagine sitting in a rocket, ready to take off. Excited? Actually, waiting is really boring. But then, wow! You travel faster than you ever thought possible. You go into orbit (轨道) in eight and a half minutes! And it’s the ___16___ journey ever. You get a terrible headache and you feel ___17___ than you’ve ever felt before. You can’t eat for a few days until your stomach feels better being in space. Food isn’t important in space, anyway. It all tastes much worse than you can ___18___. You can take lovely chocolate with you, but it tastes of nothing up there. However, you have the best ___19___ while you’re eating. You can watch the Sun rise 16 times a day! You can see everything more clearly up there. Our planet looks amazing. A. strike B. experience C. grow D. step E. stick When you are in orbit, there is no gravity (重力), of course. So, you ___20___ taller, which is nice, except that there’s little space in the space station! Everything floats, including you. You work a bit more slowly. Everything is harder to do. Going to bed is strange. You sleep much less comfortably. You have to ___21___ your sleeping bag to a wall and your pillow (枕头) to your head! If you go outside, you have to move a lot more carefully. Every ___22___ is so important that it can be stressful at times. But being in space in a spacesuit is the most amazing ___23___! However, the hardest thing of all is returning home. It can take weeks for your muscles to remember how to move on the Earth! Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用所给单词的适当形式填空) 24. Timidity (胆怯) and laziness are people’s greatest _________. (enemy) 25. Take the lift to the ________ floor. You’ll see Susan’s office just opposite. (five) 26. Make sure the door is _________ locked before you leave. (secure) 27. He was ________ at being left out of the team and couldn’t eat a bite. (happy) 28. We are all _________ at the news of Maggie Smith’s death. (shock) 29. Do you know how to _________ the newly-invented robot? (operation) 30. Did you see the ________ of Mary’s hair? It almost reaches her knee. (long) 31. In my opinion, _________ thinking is essential for children’s personal growth. (depend) Complete the following sentences as required 32. She’s already decorated the house. (改为一般疑问句) _________ she decorated the house _________? 33. It is a 45-minute bus ride from the city centre to the old town. (就划线部分提问) ________ ________ is it from the city centre to the old town? 34. Tim arrived early in order to get a good seat. (保持原句意思基本不变) Tim arrived early _________ _________ he could get a good seat. 35. How do you manage to balance work and play? (保持原句意思基本不变) How do you _________ _________ balancing work and play? 36. The traditional skill of paper-cutting has attracted lots of foreign students. (改为被动语态) Lots of foreign students _________ _________ attracted by the traditional skill of paper-cutting. 37. Joe asked me, “Will you contact me next week?” (改为间接引语) Joe asked me _________ I _________ contact him next week. 38. the boy, his neighbour, for, breaking, apologized to, the window (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________. Fill in the blanks with proper words. (在短文空格内填入适当词，使其内容通顺，首字母已给) Everyone is born with ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. Research shows that s___51___ learners have some good habits in common. Creating an interest in what they learn Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more a___52___ and it’s also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. Good learners often c___53___ what they need to learn with something interesting. For example, if they need to learn English and they like music or sports, they can listen to English songs or watch sports programs in English. This way they will not get bored. Practising and learning from mistakes Good learners think about they are good at and what they need to practise more. Remember “Use it or lose it.” Even if you learn something well, you will f___54___ it unless you use it. “Practice makes perfect.” Good learners will keep practising what they have learned, and they are not a___55___ of making mistakes. Alexander Graham Bell didn’t invent the telephone overnight. He kept trying many times and learned from his mistakes. D___56___ their study skills It’s not enough to just study hard. Good learners know the best way they can study. For example, they may take notes by writing down key words or by drawing mind maps. They also look for ways to review what they have learned. They may do this by reading their notes every day or by explaining the information to another student. Asking questions Good learners often ask questions during or after class. They even ask each other and try to find out the answers. Knowledge comes from questioning. Learning is a lifelong journey because every day brings something n___57___. Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wisely and learn well. Answer the questions. (根据短文内容回答问题) This was my grandmother’s first birthday without grandfather, and before he passed away, we had promised him that we would make it her best birthday ever. Grandfather had always said that grandmother expected her birthday party every day since it was also a time for family reunion (团聚). When my parents, three sisters and I arrived at her house, we found she had waited up all night for our arrival. Once arriving, we immediately set to prepare for the birthday celebration. We ordered a large birthday cake and decorated the house with colorful belts and balloons. When everything was ready, I noticed something was missing. “Where is your scarf? ” I asked. That scarf, faded (褪色的) and even older than my mother, meant a lot to my grandmother. Grandfather gave it to grandmother forty years ago on their first date. But now, on her first birthday without him, the scarf was gone, too. “It must be somewhere,” she said, “Your grandfather always packed everything so carefully.” Then we began to search every corner for the missing scarf. As we emptied box after box and found no scarf, my grandmother’s eyes were filled with tears. However, seeing our worried look, she soon hid her disappointment. “Check it out! This may be a gift from grandfather!” My sister shouted as the found a well-wrapped (精美包装的) box. Grandmother shakily opened the box. With great joy, she pulled out a brand-new red scarf with a note. Her voice trembled as she read it aloud: “Dear, I noticed some tiny holes in your scarf when I washed it. So I thought it was time for a new one. I hope it can bring you as much joy as the first one did. Happy birthday! Love, Bryant.” Finally, grandmother blew out the candles in her new scarf, as if grandfather were still with her. It also brought my grandfather home in each of our hearts and made the party our best birthday celebration ever. 58. Grandmother looked forward to her birthday party, didn’t she? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What did the family members do to prepare for grandmother’s birthday party? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 60. How long had grandmother owned the old scarf? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 61. How did grandmother feel when she couldn’t find the old scarf? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 62. Why did grandfather buy a new scarf for grandmother? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 63. Besides buying grandmother a new scarf, what other details also show grandfather’s deep love? (List 2 of them) Detail 1: _____________________________________________________________________________________ Detail 2: _____________________________________________________________________________________ ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$