Unit 1 Friendship.Reading·Grammar·Word power（语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练）-2025-2026学年译林版英语2024八年级上册

Unit 1 Friendship. （Reading·Grammar·Word power） （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：形容词比较级和最高级 1 （一）概念 1 （二）构成规则 1 （三）用法 2 （四）专题练习 4 二、词汇拓展：名词加 -ful 和 -less 后缀构成形容词 5 （一）概念 5 （二）构成规则 5 （三）常见词例 6 （四）词汇练习 7 三、分层精练 7 （一）单项选择 7 （二）单词拼写 9 （三）完成句子 9 （四）拓展延伸：阅读短文选择正确答案 10 一、语法讲解：形容词比较级和最高级 （一）概念 比较级 (Comparative Degree): 用于比较两者（人或事物），表示“更...”或“较...”。 最高级 (Superlative Degree): 用于比较三者或三者以上（人或事物），表示“最...”。 （二）构成规则 形容词类型 构成规则 比较级 最高级 例词 (原级 -> 比较级 -> 最高级) 单音节形容词 一般情况 词尾 + -er 词尾 + -est tall -> taller -> tallest 以 -e 结尾 只加 -r 只加 -st large -> larger -> largest 以 辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i + -er 变 y 为 i + -est happy -> happier -> happiest 以 一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母 结尾 双写辅音字母 + -er 双写辅音字母 + -es big -> bigger -> biggest hot -> hotter -> hottest 双音节形容词 以 -y, -er, -ow, -le 结尾 通常加 -er/-est (遵循单音节变化规则) happy -> happier -> happiest clever -> cleverer -> cleverest narrow->narrower-> narrowest simple -> simpler -> simplest 其他双音节形容词及所有三音节及以上形容词 前加 more 前加 the most careful -> more careful -> the most careful beautiful -> more beautiful -> the most beautiful important -> more important -> the most important 不规则形容词 无固定规则，需单独记忆 good/well -> better -> best bad/ill -> worse -> worst many/much -> more -> most little (数量) -> less -> least far(距离) -farther/further -> farthest/furthest old (家庭成员) -> elder -> eldest （三）用法 A. 比较级用法 1. 两者比较 (A > B 或 A < B): A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B. Lucy is taller than Lily. (Lucy 比 Lily 高。) This book is more interesting than that one. (这本书比那本书更有趣。) A + be + less + 形容词原级 + than + B. (表示“A不如B...” - 不如比较级常用) This problem is less difficult than that one. (这个问题不如那个难。) 2. 表示“越来越...” (渐进变化): 比较级 + and + 比较级 The weather is getting colder and colder. (天气变得越来越冷了。) She became more and more beautiful. (她变得越来越漂亮了。) 3. 表示“越..., 就越...” (两者同时变化): The + 比较级 + S + V, the + 比较级 + S + V. The more you practice, the better your English will be. (你练习得越多，你的英语就会越好。) The earlier you start, the sooner you will finish. (你开始得越早，完成得就越快。) 4. 修饰比较级 (表示程度): 常用词：much, a lot, far, even, still, a little, a bit, rather, slightly, any (用于否定) He is much taller than me. (他比我高得多。) This movie is a lot more exciting. (这部电影刺激多了。) Could you walk a little slower? (你能走慢一点吗？) Is this book any cheaper? (这本书便宜点了吗？ - No, it isn't any cheaper.) 5. 表示选择 (“哪一个更...”): Which/Who + be + 比较级, A or B? Which is bigger, the sun or the moon? (太阳和月亮，哪个更大？) Who runs faster, Tom or Jerry? (Tom 和 Jerry，谁跑得更快？) B.最高级用法 1. 三者或三者以上比较 (表示“最...”): A + be + the + 形容词最高级 (+ 比较范围). Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. (珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。) - 有明确范围(in the world) This is the most delicious cake I've ever had. (这是我吃过的最好吃的蛋糕。) - 有隐含范围(I've ever had) Tom is the tallest (boy) in our class. (Tom 是我们班(男生里)最高的。) - 在特定群体中最高 2. 表示“非常...” (强调程度极高): a + 最高级 (+ 单数可数名词) (此时不加 the) This is a most important meeting. (这是一个非常重要的会议。) She is a kindest person. (她是一个非常善良的人。) - 强调非常善良 3. 最高级的比较范围: 常用介词短语：in + 集体/场所 (in our class, in China, in the world), of/among + 同类复数名词 (of the three, among all the students) 常用从句：I have ever seen/read/met, that I know （四）专题练习 A. 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级形式 1. young -> ______ -> ______ 2. nice -> ______ -> ______ 3. busy -> ______ -> ______ 4. fat -> ______ -> ______ 5. thin -> ______ -> ______ 6. easy -> ______ -> ______ 7. friendly (提示: 双音节，不以y/er/ow/le结尾) -> ______ -> ______ 8. important -> ______ -> ______ 9. good -> ______ -> ______ 10. bad -> ______ -> ______ 11. many -> ______ -> ______ 12. little (数量) -> ______ -> ______ B. 用括号内形容词的适当形式填空 (比较级或最高级) 1. My brother is two years ______ (old) than me. 2. This question is ______ (difficult) than the last one. I can't solve it. 3. Autumn is ______ (good) season in Beijing. The weather is cool and pleasant. 4. Of all the students, Li Ming studies ______ (hard). 5. The ______ (much) you read, the ______ (much) you know. 6. Which is ______ (heavy), an elephant or a tiger? 7. This street is becoming ______ and ______ (crowded). 8. I think Chinese is one of ______ (important) languages in the world. 9. Her handwriting is ______ (beautiful) than mine. 10. He feels ______ (bad) today than yesterday. He needs to see a doctor. 二、词汇拓展：名词加 -ful 和 -less 后缀构成形容词 （一）概念 -ful 后缀： 通常加在名词后面，表示 “充满…的”、“有…性质的”、“具有…能力的”。带有积极或肯定的含义。 -less 后缀： 通常加在名词后面，表示 “没有…的”、“缺乏…的”、“无…的”。带有消极或否定的含义，是 -ful 的常见反义词形式。 （二）构成规则 规则说明 名词原形 -ful 形容词 -less 形容词 注意事项 直接添加后缀 hope (希望) hopeful (有希望的) hopeless (无望的) 最常见规则 care (小心) careful (小心的) careless (粗心的) -- use (用处) useful (有用的) useless (无用的) -- help (帮助) helpful (有帮助的) helpless (无助的) -- pain (疼痛) painful (疼痛的) painless (无痛的) -- home (家) -- homeless (无家可归的) 并非所有名词都有对应的 -ful 形式 end (尽头) -- endless (无止境的) 名词以 -y 结尾 beauty (美丽) beautiful (美丽的) -- 加 -ful 时，通常先变 y 为 i，再加 -ful。 -less 直接加。 pity (怜悯) pitiful (可怜的) pitiless (无情的) 名词以 -e 结尾 grace (优雅) graceful (优雅的) graceless (不雅的) 加 -ful 时，通常保留 e。加 -less 时，通常保留 e peace (和平) peaceful (和平的) -- -- shame (羞耻) shameful (可耻的) shameless (无耻的) -- 名词以 -ss, -t 等结尾 success (成功) successful (成功的) -- 拼写无特殊变化，直接加。注意双写情况较少见 thought (想法 thoughtful (体贴的) thoughtless (轻率的) -- taste (品味) tasteful (有品位的) tasteless (没品位的) -- （三）常见词例 名词 (Noun) -ful 形容词 (Adjective) 含义 -less 形容词 (Adjective) 含义 hope hopeful 有希望的 hopeless 无望的 care careful 小心的 careless 粗心的 use useful 有用的 useless 无用的 help helpful 有帮助的 helpless 无助的 pain painful 疼痛的 painless 无痛的 power powerful 强大的 powerless 无力的 meaning meaningful 有意义的 meaningless 无意义的 thought thoughtful 体贴的；深思的 thoughtless 轻率的；欠考虑的 beauty beautiful 美丽的 -- -- peace peaceful 和平的；宁静的 -- -- success successfu 成功的 -- -- home -- -- homeless 无家可归的 end -- -- endless 无止境的 count -- -- countles 无数的 fear fearful 害怕的；可怕的 fearless 无畏的 harm harmful 有害的 harmless 无害的 cheer cheerful 快乐的 cheerless 阴郁的；无乐趣的 shame shameful 可耻的 shameless 无耻的 taste tasteful 有品位的 tasteless 没品位的；无味的 grace graceful 优雅的 graceles 不雅的 pity pitiful 可怜的 pitiless 无情的 wonder wonderful 极好 -- -- （四）词汇练习 用所给名词加上 -ful 或 -less 构成适当的形容词填空 (注意：有些词只有一种形式) 1. She always helps others. She is a very ______ (help) person. 2. Don't touch that hot pan! Be ______ (care)! 3. After the earthquake, many people became ______ (home). 4. The movie was so boring, it seemed ______ (end). 5. His room is always messy. He is quite ______ (care). 6. The view from the mountain top was ______ (beauty). 7. This old phone doesn't work anymore. It's ______ (use). 8. The baby bird fell out of the nest and looked ______ (help). 9. We need to find a ______ (peace) solution to the problem. 10. The magician performed ______ (wonder) tricks. 11. His rude behavior was ______ (shame). 12. The teacher gave us some ______ (meaning) homework to do. 13. The little girl felt ______ (fear) during the thunderstorm. 14. Smoking is ______ (harm) to your health. 15. The story had a ______ (hope) ending; everything turned out well. 三、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．The New York ________ in this movie is beautiful. A．scene B．screen C．service D．sense 2．—Every time I hear this song, I ________ my hometown. —Country music makes me feel warm, too. A．look for B．think of C．come from D．look after 3．Daniel knocked my pen ________ the floor when he walked ________ my desk just now. A．onto; pass B．onto; past C．into; pass D．into; past 4．—Do you like swimming in winter? —Of course. The water ________ a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy. A．feels B．tastes C．smells D．looks 5．You have to be ________ and wait until I finish my work. A．active B．patient               C．honest D．natural 6．—You look so young, Madam! How old are you? —Aha! It’s a ________. A．question B．reason C．secret D．problem 7．Daniel was ________ late for school this morning. The bell rang right after he came into the classroom. A．seldom B．always C．even D．almost 8．It’s ________ medicine than a pill. A．best B．good C．better 9．With new glasses, everything looks ________ and clearer to Miss Johnson now. A．bright B．brighter C．brightest D．the brightest 10．To keep fit, you need to eat ________ vegetables and ________ junk food. A．much; little B．more; less C．little; much D．less; more 11．You’re ________ than me. A．old B．thinner C．young 12．The Qiantang River is one of ________ rivers in China. A．most famous B．less famous C．more famous D．the most famous 13．This is ______ book I have ever read. A．a more interesting B．an interesting C．the most interesting 14．Who is the ________ boy in your class? A．tall B．taller C．tallest 15．I think the nature park is one of _________ places in our town. A．interesting B．more interesting C．most interesting D．the most interesting （二）单词拼写 16．Don’t tell anything to her because she can’t keep (secret) for you. 17．I think my cousin can take care of the patient well. She is so (care). 18．The people in Beijing are very (friend). 19．Among the three actors, Mr Black is the most . (humor) 20．I really enjoy the time when I discuss something with my parents. (cheer) 21．The man likes travelling to different places.  (幽默的) 22．We should (信任) our best friends, because they never tell (谎言). 23．Harry Potter sells well among . (青少年) 24．As a student, you need to be and speak to old people (polite). 25．Tom is a (honest) boy. We don’t like him. 26．In our class, everyone likes Daniel. Because he is (friend) to us. 27．The child looks (happy) after dropping his ice-cream on the road. 28．My little sister is (scare) of staying home on her own. 29．I don’t want to see you u (不开心的). 30．Poor Jack! His phone went (die) in the middle of an important meeting! （三）完成句子 A. 句型转换 31. Tom is 1.75m tall. Mike is 1.80m tall. (合并为一句，用比较级) Mike ______ ______ Tom. 32. This dictionary is 50 yuan. That dictionary is 40 yuan. (合并为一句，用比较级) That dictionary ______ ______ ______ this one. 33. The Yangtze River is long. The Yellow River is long too. But the Yangtze River is longer. (合并为一句，用比较级) The Yangtze River ______ ______ ______ the Yellow River. 34. No other mountain in Asia is higher than Mount Qomolangma. (改为最高级) -> Mount Qomolangma ______ ______ ______ mountain in Asia. 35. Lucy is careful. Lily is more careful. Mary is the most careful. (合并为一句，用最高级) Mary ______ ______ ______ ______ the three girls. B.根据括号内的名词提示，用 -ful 或 -less 形容词完成句子 36. (power) The king was once very ______, but now he is old and ______. 37. (hope) Even though things look bad, we should remain ______, not ______. 38. (pain) The dentist promised the injection would make the procedure ______. 39. (thought) It was very ______ of you to bring me flowers. I'm sorry I was so ______ yesterday and forgot your birthday. 40. (taste) Her clothes are always ______ and elegant. That bright orange and green wallpaper looks a bit ______. （四）拓展延伸：阅读短文选择正确答案 I’m happy that I have a good friend called Erica. Erica always cares about others. She tries her best to make her friends, family and even strangers happy. Yesterday, she called my wife, Mary. She asked Mary if she could give a chocolate pie to her as a gift for the Teacher Appreciation Week (谢师周). Mary said that she didn’t like a chocolate pie, but she would enjoy the gift. I don’t really remember when I ordered a pie, but Mary let Erica know that I’d gladly take Mary’s pie, and that I could even take two more. Erica called me and said, “Three pies are coming up tomorrow at your door.” I told her I was kidding. But, she said she’d really bring pies to me. The next day, I came home from work. I really forgot about it. Erica came with her pies and two boxes of ice cream for Mary. I was out doing exercise. But I could take my favorite pies after taking exercise. Erica fed my stomach. Erica shows her love and kindness everywhere every week. The world becomes a better place because of her. I met her mother today and she’s got to be proud of her daughter. 41．Who is a teacher in the passage? A．Mary. B．Erica. C．Mary’s husband. D．Erica’s mother. 42．The underlined word “kidding” in Paragraph 4 means ________. A．saying something that is helpful B．saying something that is bad C．saying something that is not true D．saying something that is important 43．What did Erica do the next day? A．She ate some ice cream. B．She did exercise after work. C．She helped Mary make ice cream. D．She took pies and ice cream to the writer’s home. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Friendship. （Reading·Grammar·Word power） （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：形容词比较级和最高级 1 （一）概念 1 （二）构成规则 1 （三）用法 2 （四）专题练习 4 二、词汇拓展：名词加 -ful 和 -less 后缀构成形容词 6 （一）概念 6 （二）构成规则 6 （三）常见词例 7 （四）词汇练习 8 三、分层精练 9 （一）单项选择 9 （二）单词拼写 13 （三）完成句子 15 （四）拓展延伸：阅读短文选择正确答案 17 一、语法讲解：形容词比较级和最高级 （一）概念 比较级 (Comparative Degree): 用于比较两者（人或事物），表示“更...”或“较...”。 最高级 (Superlative Degree): 用于比较三者或三者以上（人或事物），表示“最...”。 （二）构成规则 形容词类型 构成规则 比较级 最高级 例词 (原级 -> 比较级 -> 最高级) 单音节形容词 一般情况 词尾 + -er 词尾 + -est tall -> taller -> tallest 以 -e 结尾 只加 -r 只加 -st large -> larger -> largest 以 辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i + -er 变 y 为 i + -est happy -> happier -> happiest 以 一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母 结尾 双写辅音字母 + -er 双写辅音字母 + -es big -> bigger -> biggest hot -> hotter -> hottest 双音节形容词 以 -y, -er, -ow, -le 结尾 通常加 -er/-est (遵循单音节变化规则) happy -> happier -> happiest clever -> cleverer -> cleverest narrow->narrower-> narrowest simple -> simpler -> simplest 其他双音节形容词及所有三音节及以上形容词 前加 more 前加 the most careful -> more careful -> the most careful beautiful -> more beautiful -> the most beautiful important -> more important -> the most important 不规则形容词 无固定规则，需单独记忆 good/well -> better -> best bad/ill -> worse -> worst many/much -> more -> most little (数量) -> less -> least far(距离) -farther/further -> farthest/furthest old (家庭成员) -> elder -> eldest （三）用法 A. 比较级用法 1. 两者比较 (A > B 或 A < B): A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B. Lucy is taller than Lily. (Lucy 比 Lily 高。) This book is more interesting than that one. (这本书比那本书更有趣。) A + be + less + 形容词原级 + than + B. (表示“A不如B...” - 不如比较级常用) This problem is less difficult than that one. (这个问题不如那个难。) 2. 表示“越来越...” (渐进变化): 比较级 + and + 比较级 The weather is getting colder and colder. (天气变得越来越冷了。) She became more and more beautiful. (她变得越来越漂亮了。) 3. 表示“越..., 就越...” (两者同时变化): The + 比较级 + S + V, the + 比较级 + S + V. The more you practice, the better your English will be. (你练习得越多，你的英语就会越好。) The earlier you start, the sooner you will finish. (你开始得越早，完成得就越快。) 4. 修饰比较级 (表示程度): 常用词：much, a lot, far, even, still, a little, a bit, rather, slightly, any (用于否定) He is much taller than me. (他比我高得多。) This movie is a lot more exciting. (这部电影刺激多了。) Could you walk a little slower? (你能走慢一点吗？) Is this book any cheaper? (这本书便宜点了吗？ - No, it isn't any cheaper.) 5. 表示选择 (“哪一个更...”): Which/Who + be + 比较级, A or B? Which is bigger, the sun or the moon? (太阳和月亮，哪个更大？) Who runs faster, Tom or Jerry? (Tom 和 Jerry，谁跑得更快？) B.最高级用法 1. 三者或三者以上比较 (表示“最...”): A + be + the + 形容词最高级 (+ 比较范围). Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. (珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。) - 有明确范围(in the world) This is the most delicious cake I've ever had. (这是我吃过的最好吃的蛋糕。) - 有隐含范围(I've ever had) Tom is the tallest (boy) in our class. (Tom 是我们班(男生里)最高的。) - 在特定群体中最高 2. 表示“非常...” (强调程度极高): a + 最高级 (+ 单数可数名词) (此时不加 the) This is a most important meeting. (这是一个非常重要的会议。) She is a kindest person. (她是一个非常善良的人。) - 强调非常善良 3. 最高级的比较范围: 常用介词短语：in + 集体/场所 (in our class, in China, in the world), of/among + 同类复数名词 (of the three, among all the students) 常用从句：I have ever seen/read/met, that I know （四）专题练习 A. 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级形式 1. young -> ______ -> ______ 2. nice -> ______ -> ______ 3. busy -> ______ -> ______ 4. fat -> ______ -> ______ 5. thin -> ______ -> ______ 6. easy -> ______ -> ______ 7. friendly (提示: 双音节，不以y/er/ow/le结尾) -> ______ -> ______ 8. important -> ______ -> ______ 9. good -> ______ -> ______ 10. bad -> ______ -> ______ 11. many -> ______ -> ______ 12. little (数量) -> ______ -> ______ 【答案】1. younger, youngest (单音节, 一般情况) 2. nicer, nicest (单音节, 以e结尾, 加r/st) 3. busier, busiest (辅音+y结尾, 变y为i + er/est) 4. fatter, fattest (单音节, 短元音a+单辅音t结尾, 双写t) 5. thinner, thinnest (单音节, 短元音i+单辅音n结尾, 双写n) 6. easier, easiest (辅音+y结尾, 变y为i + er/est) 7. more friendly, the most friendly (双音节不以y/er/ow/le结尾, 用more/most。 注意：虽然偶尔口语可见friendlier, friendliest, 但正式写作和考试中更推荐 more/most friendly) 8. more important, the most important (三音节, 用more/most) 9. better, best (不规则) 10. worse, worst (不规则) 11. more, most (不规则) 12. less, least (不规则) B. 用括号内形容词的适当形式填空 (比较级或最高级) 1. My brother is two years ______ (old) than me. 2. This question is ______ (difficult) than the last one. I can't solve it. 3. Autumn is ______ (good) season in Beijing. The weather is cool and pleasant. 4. Of all the students, Li Ming studies ______ (hard). 5. The ______ (much) you read, the ______ (much) you know. 6. Which is ______ (heavy), an elephant or a tiger? 7. This street is becoming ______ and ______ (crowded). 8. I think Chinese is one of ______ (important) languages in the world. 9. Her handwriting is ______ (beautiful) than mine. 10. He feels ______ (bad) today than yesterday. He needs to see a doctor. 【答案】1. older (两者比较, 用比较级, old -> older) 2. more difficult (两者比较, 多音节词 difficult, 比较级用 more difficult) 3. the best (三者以上比较, 且是季节之一, 用最高级。Good的最高级是best, 前面加the) 4. (the) hardest (Of all... 表示在所有学生中, 用最高级。Hard是单音节词, 最高级是 hardest。副词最高级前the可省略) 5. more, more (The more..., the more... 固定句型, 表示“越...就越...”。Much的比较级是more) 6. heavier (Which... or... 两者选择哪一个更重, 用比较级。Heavy辅音+y结尾, 变y为i + er -> heavier) 7. more crowded, more crowded (越来越拥挤。Crowded双音节, 不以y/er/ow/le结尾, 比较级用 more crowded) 8. the most important (one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词, 表示“最...的之一”。Important三音节, 最高级用 the most important) 9. more beautiful (两者比较, 多音节词beautiful, 比较级用 more beautiful) 10. worse (两者比较 (今天和昨天), bad的比较级是worse) 二、词汇拓展：名词加 -ful 和 -less 后缀构成形容词 （一）概念 -ful 后缀： 通常加在名词后面，表示 “充满…的”、“有…性质的”、“具有…能力的”。带有积极或肯定的含义。 -less 后缀： 通常加在名词后面，表示 “没有…的”、“缺乏…的”、“无…的”。带有消极或否定的含义，是 -ful 的常见反义词形式。 （二）构成规则 规则说明 名词原形 -ful 形容词 -less 形容词 注意事项 直接添加后缀 hope (希望) hopeful (有希望的) hopeless (无望的) 最常见规则 care (小心) careful (小心的) careless (粗心的) -- use (用处) useful (有用的) useless (无用的) -- help (帮助) helpful (有帮助的) helpless (无助的) -- pain (疼痛) painful (疼痛的) painless (无痛的) -- home (家) -- homeless (无家可归的) 并非所有名词都有对应的 -ful 形式 end (尽头) -- endless (无止境的) 名词以 -y 结尾 beauty (美丽) beautiful (美丽的) -- 加 -ful 时，通常先变 y 为 i，再加 -ful。 -less 直接加。 pity (怜悯) pitiful (可怜的) pitiless (无情的) 名词以 -e 结尾 grace (优雅) graceful (优雅的) graceless (不雅的) 加 -ful 时，通常保留 e。加 -less 时，通常保留 e peace (和平) peaceful (和平的) -- -- shame (羞耻) shameful (可耻的) shameless (无耻的) -- 名词以 -ss, -t 等结尾 success (成功) successful (成功的) -- 拼写无特殊变化，直接加。注意双写情况较少见 thought (想法 thoughtful (体贴的) thoughtless (轻率的) -- taste (品味) tasteful (有品位的) tasteless (没品位的) -- （三）常见词例 名词 (Noun) -ful 形容词 (Adjective) 含义 -less 形容词 (Adjective) 含义 hope hopeful 有希望的 hopeless 无望的 care careful 小心的 careless 粗心的 use useful 有用的 useless 无用的 help helpful 有帮助的 helpless 无助的 pain painful 疼痛的 painless 无痛的 power powerful 强大的 powerless 无力的 meaning meaningful 有意义的 meaningless 无意义的 thought thoughtful 体贴的；深思的 thoughtless 轻率的；欠考虑的 beauty beautiful 美丽的 -- -- peace peaceful 和平的；宁静的 -- -- success successfu 成功的 -- -- home -- -- homeless 无家可归的 end -- -- endless 无止境的 count -- -- countles 无数的 fear fearful 害怕的；可怕的 fearless 无畏的 harm harmful 有害的 harmless 无害的 cheer cheerful 快乐的 cheerless 阴郁的；无乐趣的 shame shameful 可耻的 shameless 无耻的 taste tasteful 有品位的 tasteless 没品位的；无味的 grace graceful 优雅的 graceles 不雅的 pity pitiful 可怜的 pitiless 无情的 wonder wonderful 极好 -- -- （四）词汇练习 用所给名词加上 -ful 或 -less 构成适当的形容词填空 (注意：有些词只有一种形式) 1. She always helps others. She is a very ______ (help) person. 2. Don't touch that hot pan! Be ______ (care)! 3. After the earthquake, many people became ______ (home). 4. The movie was so boring, it seemed ______ (end). 5. His room is always messy. He is quite ______ (care). 6. The view from the mountain top was ______ (beauty). 7. This old phone doesn't work anymore. It's ______ (use). 8. The baby bird fell out of the nest and looked ______ (help). 9. We need to find a ______ (peace) solution to the problem. 10. The magician performed ______ (wonder) tricks. 11. His rude behavior was ______ (shame). 12. The teacher gave us some ______ (meaning) homework to do. 13. The little girl felt ______ (fear) during the thunderstorm. 14. Smoking is ______ (harm) to your health. 15. The story had a ______ (hope) ending; everything turned out well. 【答案】1. helpful (help + ful = 乐于助人的) 2. careful (care + ful = 小心的) 3. homeless (home + less = 无家可归的 - 只有 -less 形式) 4. endless (end + less = 无止境的 - 只有 -less 形式) 5. careless (care + less = 粗心的) 6. beautiful (beauty -> 变 y 为 i + ful = 美丽的 - 只有 -ful 形式) 7. useless (use + less = 无用的) 8. helpless (help + less = 无助的) 9. peaceful (peace + ful = 和平的 - 只有 -ful 形式) 10. wonderful (wonder + ful = 极好的 - 只有 -ful 形式) 11. shameful (shame + ful = 可耻的) 或 shameless (shame + less = 无耻的) - 两个意思都通，但根据“行为rude”，shameful指行为本身可耻，shameless指人无耻。两者都算对，但shameful更侧重行为性质。 12. meaningful (meaning + ful = 有意义的) 13. fearful (fear + ful = 害怕的) 14. harmful (harm + ful = 有害的) 15. hopeful (hope + ful = 充满希望的 - 结局很好，所以是hopeful) 三、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．The New York ________ in this movie is beautiful. A．scene B．screen C．service D．sense 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部电影中的纽约场景很美。 考查名词辨析。scene场景；screen屏幕；service服务；sense感觉。根据“The New York...in this movie is beautiful.”可知，此处是指电影中的纽约场景很美。故选A。 2．—Every time I hear this song, I ________ my hometown. —Country music makes me feel warm, too. A．look for B．think of C．come from D．look after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——每次我听到这首歌，我就会想起我的家乡。——乡村音乐也让我感到温暖。 考查动词短语辨析。look for寻找；think of想起、想到；come from来自；look after照顾。根据“—Every time I hear this song, I...my hometown.”可知，句中表示听到歌曲就会联想到家乡。“think of”表示“想起、联想到”，符合语境。故选B。 3．Daniel knocked my pen ________ the floor when he walked ________ my desk just now. A．onto; pass B．onto; past C．into; pass D．into; past 【答案】B 【详解】句意：丹尼尔刚才走过我的桌子时，把我的钢笔撞到了地板上。 考查动词短语辨析。onto向……之上；pass经过；past过去；into到……里面。根据“Daniel knocked my pen…the floor”可知，此处指的是将钢笔碰到了地板上，knock sth. onto…“将某物碰到……上”，固定短语；根据“when he walked…my desk just now.”可知，此处指的是从我的桌子旁边走过，walk past“从……旁边走过”，固定短语。故选B。 4．—Do you like swimming in winter? —Of course. The water ________ a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy. A．feels B．tastes C．smells D．looks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你喜欢在冬天游泳吗？——当然。水一开始感觉有点冷，但之后我就会感觉暖和且充满能量。 考查动词辨析。feels感觉起来；tastes尝起来；smells闻起来；looks看起来。根据“The water...a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy.”可知，“水有点冷”是通过身体接触水后产生的感觉来判断的，“feels”表示“感觉起来”，符合语境。故选A。 5．You have to be ________ and wait until I finish my work. A．active B．patient               C．honest D．natural 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你得耐心等到我完成我的工作。   考查形容词辨析。active活跃的；patient有耐心的；honest诚实的；natural自然的。根据“wait until I finish my work”可知，这里表达的是要等待直到对方完成工作，需要的是有耐心，所以应该用patient，故选B。 6．—You look so young, Madam! How old are you? —Aha! It’s a ________. A．question B．reason C．secret D．problem 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看起来很年轻，夫人！你几岁了？——啊哈！这是个秘密。 考查名词辨析。question问题；reason理由；secret秘密；problem问题。根据“Aha! It’s a…”及问句可知，此处指的是年龄是个秘密。故选C。 7．Daniel was ________ late for school this morning. The bell rang right after he came into the classroom. A．seldom B．always C．even D．almost 【答案】D 【详解】句意：丹尼尔今天早上差点上学迟到。他刚进教室，铃声就响了。 考查副词辨析。seldom很少；always总是；even甚至；almost几乎。根据下文“The bell rang right after he came into the classroom.”可知，他刚进教室，铃声就响了，所以是差点就迟到了。故选D。 8．It’s ________ medicine than a pill. A．best B．good C．better 【答案】C 【详解】句意：它是比药片更好的药。 考查形容词比较级。best最好的，形容词最高级；good好的，形容词原级；better更好的，形容词比较级。根据“than”可知此处应用比较级“better”。故选C。 9．With new glasses, everything looks ________ and clearer to Miss Johnson now. A．bright B．brighter C．brightest D．the brightest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：戴上新眼镜，约翰逊小姐现在觉得一切都更明亮、更清晰了。 考查形容词比较级用法。bright明亮的；brighter更明亮的，形容词比较级；brightest最明亮的，形容词最高级；the brightest最明亮的，形容词最高级。根据“...and clearer”可知，and连接并列的形容词比较级，空格处应使用比较级。故选B。 10．To keep fit, you need to eat ________ vegetables and ________ junk food. A．much; little B．more; less C．little; much D．less; more 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，你需要多吃蔬菜，少吃垃圾食品。 考查比较级用法。much许多，修饰不可数名词；little少量的；more更多的；less更少的。根据常识可知，为了保持健康，需要多吃蔬菜，少吃垃圾食品。此处暗含比较，要用比较级。 故选B。 11．You’re ________ than me. A．old B．thinner C．young 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你比我瘦。 本题考查形容词比较级。old老的，形容词原级；thinner更瘦的，形容词比较级；young年轻的，形容词原级。根据than可知横线处填形容词比较级，故选B。 12．The Qiantang River is one of ________ rivers in China. A．most famous B．less famous C．more famous D．the most famous 【答案】D 【详解】句意：钱塘江是中国最著名的河流之一。 考查形容词最高级。根据“The Qiantang River is one of ... rivers in China.”可知，此处是“one of the+最高级+名词复数”，表示“最……之一”。故选D。 13．This is ______ book I have ever read. A．a more interesting B．an interesting C．the most interesting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是我读过的最有趣的书。 考查形容词最高级的用法。根据“I have ever read”可知，比较范围是“迄今为止”，空处需用最高级the most interesting表示“最有趣的”。故选C。 14．Who is the ________ boy in your class? A．tall B．taller C．tallest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你们班最高的男孩是谁？ 考查形容词的最高级。tall高的，原级；taller更高的，比较级；tallest最高的，最高级。根据“in your class”可知，这里表示在三者及以上的范围中进行比较，应用形容词的最高级形式。故选C。 15．I think the nature park is one of _________ places in our town. A．interesting B．more interesting C．most interesting D．the most interesting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我认为自然公园是我们镇上最有趣的地方之一。   考查形容词最高级。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“……中最……之一” 。interesting的最高级为the most interesting。故选D。 （二）单词拼写 16．Don’t tell anything to her because she can’t keep (secret) for you. 【答案】secrets 【详解】句意：不要告诉她任何事情，因为她不能为你保守秘密。根据“Don’t tell anything to her because she can’t keep…for you.”可知，此处指的是不能为你保守秘密，secret“秘密”，空前无不定冠词修饰，空处应为其复数形式。故填secrets。 17．I think my cousin can take care of the patient well. She is so (care). 【答案】caring 【详解】句意：我认为我的表姐能很好地照顾病人。她是如此体贴人的。空处作表语，应用形容词caring表示“关心他人的，体贴人的”，故填caring。 18．The people in Beijing are very (friend). 【答案】friendly 【详解】句意：北京人非常友好。此处应用形容词作表语，friend的形容词为friendly“友好的”。故填friendly。 19．Among the three actors, Mr Black is the most . (humor) 【答案】humorous 【详解】句意：在这三位演员中，布莱克先生是最幽默的。根据“Among the three actors”及“most”可知，此处表示最幽默的，humor的形容词为humorous“幽默的”，其最高级形式为most humorous。故填 humorous。 20．I really enjoy the time when I discuss something with my parents. (cheer) 【答案】cheerfully 【详解】句意：我真的很喜欢和父母愉快地讨论事情的时候。根据“I really enjoy the time when I discuss something…with my parents.”可知，此处指的是和父母愉快地讨论事情，cheer“欢呼”，动词，空处应为其副词形式“cheerfully”，意为“愉快地”，修饰动词“discuss”。故填cheerfully。 21．The man likes travelling to different places.  (幽默的) 【答案】humorous 【详解】句意：这个幽默的男人喜欢去不同的地方旅行。humorous “幽默的”，形容词，作定语修饰名词man。故填humorous。 22．We should (信任) our best friends, because they never tell (谎言). 【答案】 trust/believe lies 【详解】句意：我们应该信任我们最好的朋友，因为他们从不说谎。信任“trust/believe”，动词，情态动词should后面接动词原形；谎言“lie”，名词，此处应用其复数形式lies，tell lies“说谎”。故填trust/believe；lies。 23．Harry Potter sells well among . (青少年) 【答案】teenagers 【详解】句意：《哈利·波特》在青少年中很畅销。teenager“青少年”，名词；根据空前“among”可知，空处应为可数名词复数形式。故填teenagers。 24．As a student, you need to be and speak to old people (polite). 【答案】 polite politely 【详解】句意：作为一名学生，你需要有礼貌，有礼貌地和老人说话。根据“As a student, you need to be…”可知，此处指的是你需要有礼貌的，polite“有礼貌的”，形容词作表语；根据“speak to old people…”可知，此处指的是礼貌地和老人说话，空处应为副词形式“politely”，修饰动词“speak”。故填polite；politely。 25．Tom is a (honest) boy. We don’t like him. 【答案】dishonest 【详解】句意：汤姆是一个不诚实的男孩。我们不喜欢他。根据“Tom is a…boy. We don’t like him.”可知，此处指的是汤姆是一个不诚实的男孩，dishonest“不诚实的”，形容词作定语修饰名词“boy”。故填dishonest。 26．In our class, everyone likes Daniel. Because he is (friend) to us. 【答案】friendly 【详解】句意：在我们班，每个人都喜欢Daniel。因为他对我们很友好。be friendly to sb.“对某人友好”。故填friendly。 27．The child looks (happy) after dropping his ice-cream on the road. 【答案】unhappy 【详解】句意：孩子把冰淇淋掉在路上，看起来很不高兴。根据“after dropping his ice-cream on the road”可知，冰激淋掉在地上，孩子不高兴，unhappy“不高兴”符合句意，故填unhappy。 28．My little sister is (scare) of staying home on her own. 【答案】scared 【详解】句意：我妹妹害怕一个人待在家里。be scared of“对……害怕”，此处填动词scare“使害怕”的形容词形式scared。故填scared。 29．I don’t want to see you u (不开心的). 【答案】(u)nhappy 【详解】句意：我不想看到你不开心。unhappy“不开心的”，形容词。故填(u)nhappy。 30．Poor Jack! His phone went (die) in the middle of an important meeting! 【答案】dead 【详解】句意：可怜的杰克！他的手机在一场重要会议中途没电了！ 根据语境及固定短语“go + 形容词”表示事物由好变坏的变化，“die”的形容词形式“dead”有“没电的；停止运行的”之意 ，“go dead”表示“停止运行；没电”，符合语境，故填dead。 （三）完成句子 A. 句型转换 31. Tom is 1.75m tall. Mike is 1.80m tall. (合并为一句，用比较级) Mike ______ ______ Tom. 32. This dictionary is 50 yuan. That dictionary is 40 yuan. (合并为一句，用比较级) That dictionary ______ ______ ______ this one. 33. The Yangtze River is long. The Yellow River is long too. But the Yangtze River is longer. (合并为一句，用比较级) The Yangtze River ______ ______ ______ the Yellow River. 34. No other mountain in Asia is higher than Mount Qomolangma. (改为最高级) -> Mount Qomolangma ______ ______ ______ mountain in Asia. 35. Lucy is careful. Lily is more careful. Mary is the most careful. (合并为一句，用最高级) Mary ______ ______ ______ ______ the three girls. 【答案】 31. Mike is taller than Tom. 32. That dictionary is cheaper than this one. 33. The Yangtze River is longer than the Yellow River. 34. Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in Asia. 35. Mary is the most careful of the three girls. 【解析】 31. 两人身高对比，Mike（1.80m）比 Tom（1.75m）高，用比较级 taller。 比较句型结构：A + be动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + B。 32. 两本词典价格对比，that dictionary（40元）比 this dictionary（50元）便宜，用比较级 cheaper。 价格差异较大（10元），添加程度副词 much 强调差距。 结构：A + be动词 + 程度副词 + 比较级 + than + B。 33. 长江（Yangtze River）比黄河（Yellow River）更长，用比较级 longer。 原文强调长江明显更长（"But the Yangtze River is longer"），添加 much 突出程度差异。 结构：A + be动词 + 程度副词 + 比较级 + than + B。 34. 原句意为“亚洲没有其他山比珠穆朗玛峰更高”，即珠峰是亚洲最高峰，需改为最高级。 最高级结构：the + 形容词最高级（highest）。 注意：最高级前必须加定冠词 the。 35.三人比较（Lucy < Lily < Mary），Mary 最细心，用最高级 the most careful。 最高级后需限定比较范围（of the three girls）。 结构：A + be动词 + the + 形容词最高级 + 比较范围 B.根据括号内的名词提示，用 -ful 或 -less 形容词完成句子 36. (power) The king was once very ______, but now he is old and ______. 37. (hope) Even though things look bad, we should remain ______, not ______. 38. (pain) The dentist promised the injection would make the procedure ______. 39. (thought) It was very ______ of you to bring me flowers. I'm sorry I was so ______ yesterday and forgot your birthday. 40. (taste) Her clothes are always ______ and elegant. That bright orange and green wallpaper looks a bit ______. 【答案】36. powerful, powerless；37. hopeful, hopeless； 38. painless；39. thoughtful, thoughtless ；40. tasteful, tasteless 【解析】： 36.powerful (充满力量的 → 强大的)：描述国王过去的状态。 powerless (没有力量的 → 无力的)：描述现在年老体衰的状态。 对比逻辑：过去强大 vs 现在无力。 37.hopeful (充满希望的)：积极态度，对应 "remain"（保持）。 hopeless (没有希望的 → 绝望的)：消极态度，用 "not" 否定。 关键提示：-ful 表积极，-less 表消极，形成直接对比。 38. painless (没有疼痛的)：牙医承诺注射后"无痛"，强调无痛苦。 逻辑匹配：打针是为了消除疼痛，故用 -less（无痛的）。 不用 painful（疼痛的），否则语义矛盾。 39. thoughtful (充满关爱的 → 体贴的)：送花是体贴行为。 thoughtless (没有考虑的 → 粗心的)：忘记生日是疏忽。 情感对比：前句褒义（体贴），后句贬义（粗心），完美体现后缀反义。 40.tasteful (有品味的)：形容衣服"优雅"。 tasteless (无品味的 → 俗气的)：形容壁纸"艳俗"。 审美对比：-ful 表高雅，-less 表低俗，呼应上下文。 （四）拓展延伸：阅读短文选择正确答案 I’m happy that I have a good friend called Erica. Erica always cares about others. She tries her best to make her friends, family and even strangers happy. Yesterday, she called my wife, Mary. She asked Mary if she could give a chocolate pie to her as a gift for the Teacher Appreciation Week (谢师周). Mary said that she didn’t like a chocolate pie, but she would enjoy the gift. I don’t really remember when I ordered a pie, but Mary let Erica know that I’d gladly take Mary’s pie, and that I could even take two more. Erica called me and said, “Three pies are coming up tomorrow at your door.” I told her I was kidding. But, she said she’d really bring pies to me. The next day, I came home from work. I really forgot about it. Erica came with her pies and two boxes of ice cream for Mary. I was out doing exercise. But I could take my favorite pies after taking exercise. Erica fed my stomach. Erica shows her love and kindness everywhere every week. The world becomes a better place because of her. I met her mother today and she’s got to be proud of her daughter. 41．Who is a teacher in the passage? A．Mary. B．Erica. C．Mary’s husband. D．Erica’s mother. 42．The underlined word “kidding” in Paragraph 4 means ________. A．saying something that is helpful B．saying something that is bad C．saying something that is not true D．saying something that is important 43．What did Erica do the next day? A．She ate some ice cream. B．She did exercise after work. C．She helped Mary make ice cream. D．She took pies and ice cream to the writer’s home. 【答案】41．A 42．C 43．D 【导语】本文讲述了作者的朋友Erica如何通过送派和冰淇淋等行为展现对他人的关心。 41．推理判断题。根据“Yesterday, she called my wife, Mary. She asked Mary if she could give a chocolate pie to her as a gift for the Teacher Appreciation Week (谢师周).”可知，Erica给我的妻子Mary打电话询问是否可以送她巧克力派作为谢师周的礼物，因此推测Mary是教师。故选A。 42．词义猜测题。根据“But, she said she’d really bring pies to me.”可知，我是在开玩笑，但是她说她真的会带派给我。此处kidding指开玩笑，即说出不真实的话。故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据“Erica came with her pies and two boxes of ice cream for Mary.”可知，她带着派和冰激凌来到了作者的家。故选D。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$