Unit 1 Friendship-Grammar（课件）2026-2027学年译林版八年级上册

该初中英语课件聚焦形容词比较级、最高级及后缀-ful/-less用法，通过歌曲“Watch and think”导入，结合Jane与Jake的身高、年龄等对比句建立基础，逐步过渡到规则/不规则变化、用法句型总结，形成从具体到抽象的学习支架。 其亮点在于情境化练习（如描述朋友、学生数据表格填空）提升语言运用能力，系统梳理规则（含发音、特殊词形）培养思维逻辑，任务分层（必做记规则写句子、选做电影台词收集）促进学习能力。教师可直接使用分层资源，学生能在真实语境中掌握语法，提升语言表达与自主学习能力。

Unit 1 Friendship Grammar&Word power Learning objectives By the end of this lesson, we will be able to： Summarize the rules for forming comparative and superlative adjectives and three groups of irregular adjectives; Master the usage and core sentence patterns of the positive, comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives; Learn adjectives with the suffixes “-ful” and “-less” and use them in the correct context. Use comparative and superlative adjectives to describe and compare the looks and qualities of our friends; 1 2 3 4 Lead in Watch and think What’s the song about? It’s about comparative adjectives. Lead in Watch and think Jane is taller. Jake is shorter. Jane is older. Jake is younger. Jane is stronger. Jake is weaker. Jane is taller than Jake. Jake is shorter than Jane. Jane is older than Jake. Jake is younger than Jane. Jane is stronger than Jake. Jake is weaker than Jane. Let’s learn more about comparative and superlative adjectives! Comparative adjectives Presentation Comparative and superlative adjectives Read the sentences below and pay attention to the use of comparative and superlative adjectives. Betty's hair is ‌longer‌ than mine. Max is ‌more interesting‌ than his classmates. Betty is ‌the most helpful‌ person in our class. Max is ‌the tallest‌ boy in our class. comparative superlative two three Lead in Take notes 1. 形容词比较级和最高级概述 大多数形容词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。对两者进行比较时，形容词要用比较级形式，表示“较……”“更……一些”“比……更……”。对三者或三者以上进行比较时，形容词要用最高级形式表示“最……”，最高级前通常加定冠词the。 e.g. Tom is taller than Mike, but John is the tallest among them. Take notes Presentation 2. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成（规则变化） 类别 规则 原级 比较级 最高级 短的形容词 大多数词后加er或est long small 以e结尾的词，加r或st large nice 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，去y加ier或ist tidy early 重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母时， 双写辅音字母， 再加er或est big slim 长的形容词 在词前加 more / most beautiful famous longer smaller longest smallest larger nicer largest nicest tidier earlier tidiest earliest bigger slimmer biggest slimmest more beautiful most famous most beautiful most famous 短的形容词是指单音节或双音节形容词 单音节和部分双音节形容词 多音节和部分双音节词 长的形容词是指有三个或以上音节的形容词 Take notes Presentation We can add -(e)r/-(e)st or more/most to the following adjectives with two syllables: clever handsome polite simple stupid(愚蠢的) clever → cleverer → cleverest more clever →most clever handsome→ handsomer→handsomest more handsome→most handsome polite→ politer→ politest more polite→most polite simple→ simpler → simplest more simple →most simplest stupid → stupider → stupidest more stupid →most stupid Take notes Presentation 有些加-(e)r/-(e)st形容词的比较级、最高级有两套形式，用法不同: old--older--oldest年龄、新旧 I’m older than you. /elder /eldest 家里排行，不与than连用 elder sister姐姐 far--farther-- farthest 实际地理距离 farther down the path /further /furthest 抽象程度深浅 have a further discussion Take notes Presentation 形容词比较级最高级后缀发音规则： ①一般规则：后缀-er自成一个音节，读作/ə(r)/；后缀-est自成一个音节，读作/ɪst/ e.g. tall /tɔːl/‌、taller/ˈtɔːlə(r)/、tallest/ˈtɔːlɪst/。 ②如果原级词末为不发音的字母 r，加 er 和 est 时，r 要发 /r/ 音，e.g. near/nɪə(r)/、nearer /nɪərə(r)/、nearest /nɪərɪst/。 ③如果原级词末的发音为 /ŋ/，加 er 和 est 时，/ŋ/ 音后要加上 /g/ 音，e.g. strong/strɒŋ/、stronger /strɒŋɡə(r)/、strongest /strɒŋɡɪst/。 Take notes Presentation 2. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成（不规则变化） 原级 比较级 最高级 good well bad ill many much little better best worse worst more most less least Take notes 3. 形容词比较级的常见用法 Presentation ①用“比较级 + than”引出比较的第二部分 e.g. This film is more interesting than that one. ②用“Which/Who... + 比较级, ...or...?”句型来表示在两者中选择 e.g. Which is cleverer, a dog or a cat? ③在比较级前加 a little, a bit, much, a lot, even, far 等词表示程度 She is even more beautiful than before. This problem is ‌much‌ harder than the last one. She feels ‌a lot‌ better after taking the medicine. This new road is ‌far‌ wider than the old one. Take notes Presentation 3. 形容词比较级的常见用法 ④用“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more + 形容词原级”表示人或事物本身程度的改变，意为“越来越……” e.g.The weather is getting warmer and warmer. The villagers’ living conditions are becoming better and better. Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. ⑤用“ the + 比较级 ..., the + 比较级 ... ”表示一方随另一方的变化而变化，意为“越……，就越……” e.g. The warmer the weather is, the better I feel. The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. Take notes Presentation 4. 形容词最高级的常见用法 ①用“the + 最高级(+名词)+ 比较范围”的结构来表示“在某一范围内最……”。of 和 among 后面接表示范围的人或物，in 后面接表示范围的名词或名词短语。 e.g. She is the tallest of/among her classmates. She is the tallest in her class. ②用“形容词性物主代词 + 最高级”的结构来表示“某人或事物的最……”。 e.g. Lucy is her cleverest student. 注意:‌ 此时形容词最高级前不需要加定冠词the。 Take notes Presentation ③ 可以用序数词修饰形容词最高级，意为“第……最……”。 e.g. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. China is the third largest country in the world. ④用“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。 e.g. He is one of the tallest players among his friends. Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 拓展 as… as…句型也可表示两者在某方面比较，但前后并无差别，两个as中间用形容词或副词原形，意为“和……一样……” e.g. This box is as heavy as that one. Take notes Presentation 5. 形容词比较级表最高级含义的用法 ①用“比较级 + than + any other + 单数可数名词”的结构来表示“同一范围内，某一个比其他所有都更…”，实际隐含最高级含义。如果主语不属于这个范围，不需要加other e.g. China is larger than ‌any other country‌ in Asia. China is larger than any country in Africa. ②在否定句中，用“not/never/nothing + 比较级”，表达“没有比…更…的”，间接表示最高级含义。 e.g. I ‌have never seen‌ ‌a more beautiful‌ city than this. Nothing is‌ ‌more important‌ ‌than‌ health. Your answer ‌couldn't be‌ ‌better‌. Practice funnier funniest closer closest more beautiful most beautiful kinder kindest slimmer slimmest more difficult most difficult smarter smartest cuter cutest prettier prettiest brighter brightest more interesting most interesting sadder saddest more wonderful most wonderful heavier heaviest better best worse worst Practice the tallest lighter than the heaviest lower than Practice the highest the slowest the fastest better than the best Practice Describe your friends, including their looks and what they are good at, using comparative and superlative adjectives. I have two friends, Lily and Amy. We are in the same class. Lily is taller than Amy. Amy has longer hair than Lily, and her hair is the longest in our class. Lily is better at singing than Amy. Amy is quieter but she is more hard-working. She is better at maths. She always gets higher grades than Lily in maths tests. They are both kind.I’m so lucky to have them as my friends. Word Power Presentation We can add the suffix -ful or -less to some nouns to form adjectives. The suffix -ful means “full of” “充满......的”. The suffix -less means “without” “没有......的”. The suffixes -ful and -less Noun Adjective (with -ful) Adjective (with -less) care 小心；在意 careful 小心的；仔细的 careless 粗心的；马虎的 hope 希望 hopeful 有希望的 hopeless 无望的 use 用途；使用 useful 有用的 useless 无用的 Presentation My best friend Max is a cheerful person. He always looks on the bright side of things. He is also very helpful. Once I had a sleepless night because I was worried about a volleyball match. I felt hopeless. The next day, Max came and gave me some useful advice. 乐观的 乐于助人的 失眠的 绝望的 有用的 Practice Work in pairs and complete the table below. If you cannot add the suffix -ful or -less to a word, put a cross (×) in the box. You may use a dictionary to help you. cheerful cheerless helpful helpless meaningful meaningless sleepless tasteful tasteless × Not all words have both -ful and -less as suffixes. endful (×) endless (√) Practice wonderful cloudless thoughtful hopeless useful colourful helpful Practice Collect more words with the suffix -ful or -less and try to describe an experience you had with a friend using these words. Word bank: -ful peaceful（和平的） harmful（有害的） thoughtful（体贴的） powerful（强大的） thankful（感激的） beautiful（漂亮的） trustful（完全信赖别人的） fearful（害怕的） successful（成功的） -less friendless（没有朋友的） harmless（无害的） painless（无痛的） countless（数不尽的） endless（无止境的） thankless（不知感恩的） selfless（无私的） fearless（无畏的） homeless（无家可归的） 变化规则 类别 规则 例词 单音节和部分双音节形容词 一般在词尾加 -er tall taller 以字母 e 结尾的形容词直接加-r nice nicer 重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写再加 -er big bigger hot hotter 以“辅音字母 +y”结尾 的形容词，先把 y 变成i，再加 –er busy busier easy easier 多音节和部分双音节词 在词前加 more / most amazing more amazing Comparatives (2 people / things): 比较级+ than Superlatives (3 people / things): the+最高级+ of/in+范围 Summary Exercises 一、写出下列形容词的比较级。 1. good_______ nice_______ thin________ lucky________ 2. easy_______ ill________ quick_______ slim_________ 3. fat_________ famous________ happy_____ large________ 4. little_______ few________ close________ beautiful_________ 5. many_______ bad_______ clever_______ cold________ 6. simple______ cloudy_______ big________ strong_______ 7. hot________ tall________ tasty_______ important_________ 8. huge______ old________ lazy________ cute________ 9. near_______ healthy______ fit_________ grey________ 10. funny______ much_______ hard________ boring________ better nicer thinner luckier easier quicker worse slimmer fatter more famous happier larger closer more beautiful less fewer more worse cleverer/ more clever colder simpler/more simple cloudier bigger stronger hotter tastier taller more important huger older/elder lazier cuter nearer healthier fitter greyer funnier more harder more boring 二、根据提示写出中文。 1. He got a _______(bad) result in English this term than last term. 2. The _______(high) of the house is about 7 metres. 3. The students will be given a surprise________（测验） on Friday? 4. She greeted everyone with a ________ (cheer) smile. 5. He was in a _________(hope) situation, with no way out. 6. __________（羽毛球运动）is a popular sport in many countries. 7. The children were playing with colourful________（气球）at the party. 8. She is very tired; ________（然而）she decides to go to the party. 9. We need to prepare for the_______(bad) possible situation. cheerful test height worse hopeless worst However ballons Badminton 三、单项选择。 1. Today is much______ than yesterday. Nice! A. cool B. cooler C. coolest D. the coolest 2. The Yangtze River is one of ______river in the world. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 3. The more you smile, the______ you will feel. A. happy B. happier C. happily D. more happily 4. The teacher is glad to see that Tom is ______ than before. A. careful B. more careful C. most careful D. the most careful 5. They are twins. She is as______as her brother. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 6. When hearing the good news, my dad was______than any one of us. A. more excited B. more exciting C. the most excited D. the most exciting 四、完成句子。 1. 村民们的生活条件正变得越来越好。 The villagers’ living conditions are becoming _____ _____ _____. 2. 你练习得越多，你的英语就会越好。 _____ _____ you practise, _____ _____ your English will be. 3. 黄山是中国最神奇的山之一。 Mount Huangshan is_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ in China. 4. 这条连衣裙和那条连衣裙，哪条更漂亮？ ______ _____ ______ ______ ______, this one or that one? 5. 汤姆比班上的任何学生都高。 Tom is _____ _____ _____ _____ student in the class. better and better The more the better one of the most amazing mountains Which dress is more beautiful taller than any other Homework Must do Choose to do 1. Memorize the rules and usage for comapative and superlative adjectives. 2. Write 5 sentences to describe your friend with comparatives or superlatives. Watch an English movie and write down the comparison sentences. Bye-bye! Lavf59.27.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $