Unit 3 The Art of Painting 词汇 清单-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版(2020)选择性必修第一册

选修1 Unit3词汇本 1. por·trait  /ˈpɔːtreɪt/ /‑trət/ n. ①肖像；半身画像；半身照 ②详细的描述；描绘 SYN depiction •a portrait of life at the French court对法国宫廷生活的详细描述 2. land·scape  /ˈlændskeɪp/ n./vt. n. ①[ C,usually sing.]（陆上，尤指乡村的）风景，景色 •the bleak/rugged/dramatic, etc. landscape of the area 那个地区荒芜的景观、崎岖的地貌、引人入胜的风光等 •an urban/industrial landscape 都市╱工业景观 ②[ C/U]乡村风景画；乡村风景画的风格 •an artist famous for his landscapes以风景画闻名的画家 vt. 对…做景观美化；给…做园林美化；美化…的环境 3. wan·der  /ˈwɒndə(r)/ v./n. v. ①漫游；游荡；闲逛；徘徊；流浪；漂泊 ②~ (away/off)~ (from/off sth)偏离（正道）；走失；离散 •The child wandered off and got lost.那孩子走散后迷路了。 ③~ (away, back, to, etc. sth)(人的思想或想法)走神；神志恍惚；（思想）开小差 •It's easy to be distracted and let your attention wander .很容易走神分散了注意力。 ④ (人的眼睛)慢慢地移开 •His eyes wandered towards the photographs on the wall.他的目光慢慢地移向墙上的照片。 •She let her gaze wander .她东瞅瞅西望望。 ⑤ (道路或河流)蜿蜒；迂回曲折 •The road wanders along through the hills.这条路蜿蜒曲折地穿过山丘。 n. ①[ sing.]游荡；溜达；闲逛；徘徊 •I went to the park and had a wander around.我去公园转了一圈。 4. gal·lery n.  /ˈɡæləri/ ( pl.-ies) ①（艺术作品的）陈列室，展览馆；画廊 •an art/a picture gallery 美术馆；绘画陈列室 •the National Gallery国家美术馆 ②（大厅的）楼座，楼上旁听席 IDIOMS 习语 1. play to the ˈgallery哗众取宠；行为惹人注目 5. can·vas n.  /ˈkænvəs/ n. ①[ U]帆布 ②[ C](帆布）画布；油画 •a sale of the artist's early canvases那位画家早期油画的拍卖 IDIOMS 习语 1.under ˈcanvas在帐篷里 6. strike  /straɪk/ ( struck struck/strʌk/) v./n. ①撞；碰；撞击；碰撞 •The ship struck a rock.船触礁了。 •The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.孩子跑到公路上给车撞了。 •The tree was struck by lightning .树遭到雷击。 ②打；击 •She struck him in the face.她掴了他一耳光。 •He struck the table with his fist.他用拳头打桌子。 •Who struck the first blow (= started the fight) ?是谁先动手的？ ③击打，踢（球等） •He walked up to the penalty spot and struck the ball firmly into the back of the net. 他走到罚球点，稳稳地把球踢入网内。 ④突击；攻击 •The lion crouched ready to strike.狮子蹲身准备袭击。 ⑤侵袭；爆发 •Two days later tragedy struck.两天后悲剧发生了。 •The area was struck by an outbreak of cholera.那一地区爆发了霍乱。 ⑥ (想法或念头) (不用于进行时)突然想到；一下子想起；猛地意识到 •An awful thought has just struck me.刚才我脑子里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。 ⑦ ~ sb (as sth)给（某人以…）印象；让（某人）觉得 •His reaction struck me as odd.他的反应令我诧异。 ⑧照在…上；照射 •The windows sparkled as the sun struck the glass.阳光照得玻璃窗熠熠闪光。 ⑨顿时使处于某状态 •to be struck dumb/deaf/blind 一时什么也说不出╱听不见╱看不见 ⑩~ (for sth) ⑪⑪⑪⑪⑪罢工 •The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%.工会投票决定罢工，要求加薪6%。 ⑪擦，划（火柴）；击出（火星） •to strike a match on a wall在墙上擦火柴 ⑫敲；鸣；报时 •Did you hear the clock strike?你听见钟响了吗？ •The clock has just struck three.时钟刚刚敲过三点。 ⑬弹奏；奏响；发出（声音） •to strike a chord on the piano在钢琴上奏出和弦 ⑭开采出；钻探到 •They had struck oil!他们开采出了石油！ ⑮~ (off/out)行进；加劲走 •We left the road and struck off across the fields.我们下了公路，穿过旷野往前走。 IDIOMS 习语 1.be ˈstruck by/on/with sb/sth被某人（或某物）打动；迷恋某人（或某物） •I was struck by her youth and enthusiasm.她年轻热情，把我迷住了。 •We're not very struck on that new restaurant.我们不大看得上那家新餐馆。 2.strike a ˈbalance (between A and B)（在对立二者之间）找到折中办法； 3.strike a ˈbargain/ˈdeal达成（对双方都有利的）协议 4.strike ˈgold打开成功（或财富）之门；踏上通往成功（或财富）之路 •He has struck gold with his latest novel.他凭借最新的一部小说叩开了成功之门。 5.strike it ˈrich暴富；（意外）发大财 6.strike (it) ˈlucky交好运 7.strike a ˈpose/an ˈattitude摆出某种姿态 8.strike while the iron is ˈhot( saying)趁热打铁 9.within ˈstriking distance (of sth)近在咫尺；在攻击距离之内 •The beach is within striking distance.海滩近在咫尺。 n. ①罢工；罢课；罢市 ②军事进攻；袭击；（尤指）空袭 ③击；打；踢 IDIOMS 习语 1.ˌthree strikes and you're ˈout/ the ˌthree ˈstrikes rule 三振出局法（三次犯罪即入狱的法律） 7. set·ting n.  /ˈsetɪŋ/ n. ①环境；背景 •a rural/an ideal/a beautiful/an idyllic, etc. setting 乡村、理想、优美、田园等的环境 ②（戏剧、小说等的）情节背景 •short stories with a contemporary setting以当代生活为背景的短篇小说 8. op·posed adj.  /əˈpəʊzd/ ① (人) 强烈反对 •She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.她仍然强烈反对移居国外。 ②(意见、看法等) 截然不同 •Our views are diametrically opposed on this issue.在这个问题上，我们的观点大相径庭。 IDIOMS 习语 1.as opposed to( formal )(表示对比）而，相对于 •200 attended, as opposed to 300 the previous year.出席的有200人，而前一年是300人。 •This exercise develops suppleness as opposed to (= rather than) strength. 这项锻炼不是增强力量，而是增强柔韧性的。 9. dom·in·ate v.  /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ dom·in·ation[ U] /ˌdɒmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. ①支配；控制；左右；影响 ②在…中具有最重要（或明显）的特色 •The train crash dominated the news.火车相撞事故成了最重要的新闻。 ③在…中拥有最重要的位置；俯视；高耸于 •The cathedral dominates the city.大教堂俯视全城。 ④（在比赛中）占有优势，占据主动，控制战局 •Arsenal dominated the first half of the match.阿森纳队在上半场比赛中占据上风。 10. em·ploy  /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v./n. empolyment n. employer n. employee n. v. ①~ sb (as sth)雇用 •For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.三年来他一直受雇当消防员。②应用；运用；使用 •He criticized the repressive methods employed by the country's government. 他指责了这个国家政府采取的镇压手段。 IDIOMS 习语 1. be employed in doing sth从事于，忙于（做某事） •She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done. 她忙着把要做的所有工作列一个清单。 n. [ U] IDIOMS 习语 1.in sb's emˈployin the emˈploy of sb替某人工作；为某人所雇用 •He looked very grave as he entered the room.他进屋时表情非常严肃。 11. real·is·tic adj.  /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/ /ˌrɪə‑/ ①现实的；实际的；实事求是的 •a realistic assessment实事求是的评估 •We have to be realistic about our chances of winning. 我们必须实事求是地估计我们获胜的可能性。 ②明智的；恰如其分的；能够实现的 •We must set realistic goals.我们必须制订可实现的目标。 •a realistic target切实的目标 ③逼真的；栩栩如生的 OPP unrealistic •a realistic drawing逼真的绘画 12. es·sence n.  /ˈesns/ es·sen·tial  adj. /ɪˈsenʃl/ ①[ U]~ (of sth) 本质；实质；精髓 •His paintings capture the essence of France.他的画描绘出法国的神韵。 •In essence, your situation isn't so different from mine. 从本质上讲，你我的情况并非相差很远。 ②[ U/C]香精；精油 •essence of rosewood黄檀木香精 •coffee/vanilla/almond essence 咖啡╱香草╱杏仁香精。 IDIOMS 习语 1.of theˈ essence必不可少；非常重要 •In this situation time is of the essence 在这种情况下，时间是至关重要的。 13. vivid adj.  /ˈvɪvɪd/ viv·id·ly adv. viv·id·ness n. [ U] ①(记忆、描述等)清晰的；生动的；逼真的 •vivid memories清晰的记忆 ②(光、颜色等)鲜明的；耀眼的；鲜艳的；强烈的 •vivid blue eyes碧蓝的眼睛 ③(人的想象)丰富的 14. vi·sion n.  /ˈvɪʒn/ ①[ U]视力；视野 •to have good/perfect/poor/blurred/normal vision 视力好╱极好╱差╱模糊╱正常 ②[ C]想象；幻象 •He had a vision of a world in which there would be no wars.他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。 •I had visions of us getting hopelessly lost.我想象我们完全迷失了方向。 ③[ C]梦幻；幻象；神示；异象 •The idea came to her in a vision.她在神示中想到了这个主意。 ④[ U]想象力；眼力；远见卓识 SYN foresight •a leader of vision有远见的领袖 ⑤[ C]a ~ (of sth)( literary)俊男；天仙；有…气质的人 •She was a vision in white lace.她穿着镶白色网眼纱边的衣服美极了。 •a vision of loveliness可爱的人 ⑥[ U]（电视或影院屏幕的）影像，画面 •We apologize for the loss of vision.很抱歉没法显示画面。 15. dis·play  /dɪˈspleɪ/ v.n. v. ①陈列；展出；展示 SYN exhibit ②显示，显露，表现（特性或情感等） •I have rarely seen her display any sign of emotion.我难得见到她将喜怒形于色。 n. ①陈列；展览 •a window display橱窗陈列 •a display cabinet陈列柜 ②（特性、情感或能力的）显示，表现，表露 •a display of affection/strength/wealth爱的流露；实力的显示；财富的炫耀 16. worthy  /ˈwɜːði/ ( wor·thier wor·thi·est) adj./n. adj. ①~ (of sb/sth)( formal )值得（或应得）…的 OPP unworthy •to be worthy of attention值得注意 •A number of the report's findings are worthy of note .这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。 ②值得尊敬的；值得注意的；值得敬仰的 SYN deserving •The money we raise will be going to a very worthy cause . 我们筹集的钱款将用于非常崇高的事业。 ③-worthy (构成复合词)值得…的；适于…的 •trustworthy值得信任的 •roadworthy适于在公路上行驶的 n. ①worthy  /ˈwɜːði/ ( pl.-ies)要人；大人物；知名人士 •a meeting attended by local worthies当地知名人士参加的会议 17. call·ing n.  /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/ ①使命感；（尤指想帮助他人的）强烈愿望，责任感 YN vocation• •He realized that his calling was to preach the gospel.他体悟到宣讲福音是他的使命。 ② ( formal ) 职业；事业 18. shade  /ʃeɪd/ n./v. n. ①[ U]~ (of sth) 阴凉处；背阴；（树）荫 •We sat down in the shade of the wall.我们在墙根的背阴处坐下。 •The temperature can reach 40°C in the shade .背阴处温度可达40°C。 ②[ C]灯罩 •I bought a new shade for the lamp.我给那盏灯买了一个新罩子。 •an eyeshade遮阳眼罩 ③[ C]~ (of sth)浓淡深浅；色度 •a delicate/pale/rich/soft shade of red淡╱浅╱艳╱柔和的红色 ④[ C,usually pl.]~ of sth差别；不同 •politicians of all shades of opinion持各种政见的政治人物 •The word has many shades of meaning.这个词有很多层意思。 ⑤a shade[ sing.]一点；略微 •He was feeling a shade disappointed.他略感失望。 ⑥shades of sb/sth[ pl.] ( informal )（人物、事情、时间的）痕迹，影子，遗风 •short skirts and long boots—shades of the 1960s短裙和高筒靴—20世纪60年代的余韵 IDIOMS 习语 1.put sb/sth in the ˈshade使（某人或事物）黯然失色；使相形见绌 •I tried hard but her work put mine in the shade.我费很大力气，但她的成果让我相形见绌。 v. ①~ sb/sth (from/against sth) 给…遮挡（光线） •The courtyard was shaded by high trees.庭院荫庇在大树下。 ②灯罩 •a shaded lamp有罩的灯 ③~ sth (in)把…涂暗；画阴影 •What do the shaded areas on the map represent?地图上颜色深的部分代表什么？ •I'm going to shade this part in.我要把这一部分画得再暗一些。 19. bathe v. /beɪð/ ①用水清洗（尤指身体部位） •Bathe the wound and apply a clean dressing.清洗伤口，再用洁净敷料包扎。 ②洗澡 ③（到海、河等中）游泳消遣 ④~ sth (in sth)( literary)（以光线）撒满，覆盖；使沐浴（在光线里） •The moon bathed the countryside in a silver light.月光下的乡村沐浴在一片银辉之中。 20. wage  /weɪdʒ/ n./v. n. ①（通常指按周领的）工资，工钱 v. ①~ sth (against/on sb/sth) 开始，发动，进行，继续（战争、战斗等） •The rebels have waged a guerrilla war since 2001. 反叛者自2001年以来一直进行游击战争。 21. archi·tec·ture n.  /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/ archi·tec·tural adj.  /ˌɑːkɪˈtektʃərəl/ ①[ U]建筑学 •to study architecture学习建筑学 ②[ U]建筑设计；建筑风格 •the architecture of the eighteenth century十八世纪的建筑风格 •modern architecture现代建筑设计 22. toast  /təʊst/ n./v. n. ①[ U]烤面包片；吐司 ②[ C]~ (to sb/sth)干杯；祝酒；敬酒 •I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.我提议为新娘新郎干杯。 •The committee drank a toast to the new project.委员会为这项新计划干杯。 ③[ sing.]the ~ of...（在某领域）广受赞誉的人，有口皆碑的人 •The performance made her the toast of the festival.她的演出使她在艺术节中备受推崇。 IDIOMS 习语 1.be ˈtoast( informal ) ( especially NAmE )会死；要完蛋 •One mistake and you're toast.要是出一次错，你就完了。 v. ①为…举杯敬酒；为…干杯 •The happy couple were toasted in champagne.人们举起香槟酒为这对幸福的伉俪干杯。 •We toasted the success of the new company.我们为新公司的成功干杯。 ②烤（尤指面包）；把…烤得焦黄 asted sandwich烤过的三明治 ③烤火；取暖；使暖和 23. ar·range v.  /əˈreɪndʒ/ arrangement n. ①安排；筹备 •We met at six, as arranged .我们按时在六点钟碰面。 ②整理；排列；布置 •The books are arranged alphabetically by author.这些书是按作者姓名字母顺序排列的。 ③~ sth (for sth)谱写，改编（乐曲） •He arranged traditional folk songs for the piano.他把传统民歌改编成钢琴曲。 24. raw  /rɔː/ adj./n. raw·ness[ U]n. adj. ①(食物)生的；未烹制的；未煮的 •raw meat生肉 ②(材料)未经加工的；自然状态的 •raw sugar原糖 ③(信息)未经处理的；未经分析的；原始的 •This information is only raw data and will need further analysis. 这些资料只是原始数据，还需要进一步进行分析。 ④工作生疏的；不熟练的；无经验的 •a raw beginner没有经验的新手 ⑤寒冷的；严寒的 •a raw north wind寒冷的北风 ⑥真实的；反映真实情况的 •a raw portrayal of working-class life工人阶级生活的真实写照 IDIOMS 习语 1.a raw ˈdeal不公平的待遇；不公正的对待 •Older workers often get a raw deal.年纪大的工人经常受到不公正的对待。 n. IDIOMS 习语 1.catch/touch sb on the ˈraw ( BrE )触到某人的痛处；揭某人的疮疤 2.in the ˈraw 质朴的；不加掩饰的 •He spent a couple of months on the streets to experience life in the raw. 他花了几个月时间走街串巷，体验真实的生活。 25. scroll  /skrəʊl/ n./v. n. ①（供书写的）长卷纸，卷轴 v. ① (计)滚屏；滚动 •Use the arrow keys to scroll through the list of files.用箭头键把文件目录滚动一遍。 26. in·sight n.  /ˈɪnsaɪt/ ①[ U] ( approving)洞察力；领悟 •a writer of great insight有深刻洞察力的作家 ②[ CU]~ (into sth) 洞悉；了解 •The book gives us fascinating insights into life in Mexico.这本书生动表现墨西哥的生活。 27. crop  /krɒp/ n./v. n. ①[ C]庄稼；作物 •crop rotation/production/yield 农作物轮作╱生产╱产量 ②[ C]（谷物、水果等一季的）收成，产量 SYN harvest •a fall in this year's coffee crop今年咖啡产量的下降 •We are looking forward to a bumper crop (= a very large one). 我们期盼着大丰收。 ③[ sing.]a ~ of sth（同时做某事的）一群人，一批人；（同时发生的）一些事情 •the current crop of trainees现在的这批实习生 •She is really the cream of the crop (= the best in her group) .她的确是那批人中的精英。 •a crop of disasters/injuries 一连串的灾难╱伤害 ④[ C]短发 v. ①剪短 •closely cropped hair剪得很短的头发 ②啃吃（青草或其他植物上面的部分） ③( 植物 ) 有收成 •The potatoes cropped well this year.今年马铃薯丰收。 ④种地；种庄稼 •The river valley is intensively cropped.河谷里种满了庄稼。 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1.ˌcrop ˈup（尤指意外地）出现，发生 SYN come up •His name just cropped up in conversation.交谈时无意中就提到了他的名字。 •I'll be late—something's cropped up at home.我要晚一点来，家里突然出了点事。 29. wind v.  /waɪnd/ ( wound wound/waʊnd/ ) ①[ + adv./prep.] (路、河等)蜿蜒；曲折而行；迂回 •The path wound down to the beach.这条小路弯弯曲曲通向海滩。 •The river winds its way between two meadows.这条河蜿蜒流经两个牧场之间。 ②[ VN+ adv./prep.]卷缠；缠绕；绕成团 •He wound the wool into a ball.他把毛线缠绕成一团。 ③~ (sth) (up)给（钟表等）上发条；通过转动把手等操作；可上发条；可通过转动把手（等）操作 •He had forgotten to wind his watch.他忘了给表上发条了。 ④~ (sth) forward/back卷绕，倒（磁带、胶卷等） •He wound the tape back to the beginning.他把磁带倒到了开头。 ⑤转动（把手） •You operate the trapdoor by winding this handle.你要转动这个手柄来操纵活动天窗。 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1.ˌwind ˈdown (1) (人)喘口气；喘息一下 (2) (机器)慢下来后停住 2.ˌwind sth.←→ˈdown (1)使（业务、活动等）逐步结束 •The government is winding down its nuclear programme.政府在逐步取消核计划。 (2)把（汽车窗玻璃等）摇下 •Can I wind my window down?我可以把我这边的窗户摇下来吗？ 3.ˌwind ˈup( informal ) ( 人 )以…告终（或终结） •I always said he would wind up in prison.我以前一直说他终归要进班房。 •We eventually wound up staying in a little hotel a few miles from town. 我们最后在离城几英里的一家小旅馆里落脚。 •If you take risks like that you'll wind up dead.你要是冒那种险就会把命赔上。 4.ˌwind ˈupˌ/wind sth.←→ˈup结束（讲话、会议等） •The speaker was just winding up when the door was flung open. 演讲者刚要结束讲话时门突然被推开了。 •If we all agree, let's wind up the discussion.如果我们大家都同意，咱们就结束讨论吧。 5.ˌwind sb.←→ˈup( BrE informal )惹…生气；戏弄 •That can't be true! You're winding me up.那不会是真的！你在故意气我。 6. ˌwind sth.←→ˈup (1)关闭（公司、企业等）；停止营业 (2)把（汽车窗玻璃等）摇上 30. sail  /seɪl/ v. /n. v. ①(船或船上的人)（船）航行；（人）乘船航行 •to sail into harbour驶入海港 ② ( alsogo sailing )驾驶（或乘坐）帆船航行（尤指作为体育运动） •We spent the weekend sailing off the south coast.我们在南部海岸附近驾帆船度过了周末。③起航 •We sail at 2 p.m. tomorrow.我们明天下午两点起航。 ④掠；飘；浮游；（人）昂首而行，气宇轩昂地走 •clouds sailing across the sky飘过天空的云彩 •The ball sailed over the goalie's head.球从守门员头顶飞过。 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1.ˌsail ˈthrough (sth)顺利通过（考试等） n. ①[ C/U]帆 •a ship under sail (= using sails) 张帆行驶的船 ②[ sing.] 乘船航行 •We went for a sail.我们乘船兜了一趟风。 IDIOMS 习语 1.set ˈsail (from/for...)( formal )起航；开航 •a liner setting sail from New York自纽约起航的邮轮 •We set sail (for France) at high tide.我们在涨潮时起航（前往法国）。 31. ap·par·ent adj.  /əˈpærənt/ apparently adv. ①~ (from sth) (that...)~ (to sb) (that...)显而易见；明白易懂；显然 •Then, for no apparent reason , the train suddenly stopped. 接着，不知什么原因，火车突然停了下来。 ②貌似的；表面上的；未必真实的 SYN seeming •My parents were concerned at my apparent lack of enthusiasm for school. 我看来对上学不感兴趣，使父母担心。 32. per·spec·tive n.  /pəˈspektɪv/ ①[ C]~ (on sth)态度；观点；思考方法 SYN viewpoint •Try to see the issue from a different perspective .试以不同的角度看待这件事。 ②[U] 客观判断力；权衡轻重的能力 •Try to keep these issues in perspective .要尽量恰当地处理这些问题。 ③[ U]透视法 •We learnt how to draw buildings in perspective .我们学习如何用透视法画建筑物。 ④[ C]景观；远景 •a perspective of the whole valley山谷全景 33. pre·cise adj.  /prɪˈsaɪs/ precisely adv. precision n. ①准确的；确切的；精确的；明确的 SYN exact •precise details/instructions/measurements确切的细节；明确的指令；精确的尺寸 ②[ only before noun]（强调时间或方式等）就，恰好 •We were just talking about her when, at that precise moment , she walked in. 我们正谈论着她，恰好在这个时候，她走进来了。 ③细致的；精细的；认真的；一丝不苟的 •a skilled and precise worker熟练而认真的工人 •small, precise movements细微的动作 IDIOMS 习语 1.to be (more) preˈcise确切地说；准确地说 •The shelf is about a metre long—well, 98cm, to be precise. 架子长约一米。嗯，精确地说，是98厘米。 34. am·bi·tious adj.  /æmˈbɪʃəs/ am·bi·tious·ly adv. ambition n. ①有野心的；有雄心的 •a fiercely ambitious young manager雄心勃勃的年轻经理 •They were very ambitious for their children. 他们望子成龙心切。 ②费力的；耗资的；耗时的 •the government's ambitious plans for social reform政府耗资巨大的社会改革计划 35. enor·mous adj.  /ɪˈnɔːməs/ ①巨大的；庞大的；极大的 SYN huge/immense •an enormous house/dog巨大的房子；大狗 •an enormous amount of time大量的时间 •enormous interest浓厚的兴趣 •The problems facing the President are enormous.总统面临的问题是巨大的。 36. com·pre·hen·sive adj. /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ com·pre·hen·sive·ness [ U]n. ①全部的；所有的；（几乎）无所不包的；详尽的 SYN complete/full •comprehensive study全面的研究 •comprehensive insurance (= covering all risks) 综合保险 ②( BrE ) (教育)综合性的（接收各种资质的学生） 37. cloth·ing n.  /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/ [ U] ①衣服；（尤指某种）服装 •protective clothing防护服 •the high cost of food and clothing衣食的昂贵费用 •an item/article of clothing 一件衣服 38. tem·ple n.  /ˈtempl/ ①（非基督教的）庙宇，寺院，神殿，圣堂 •a Buddhist/Hindu/Sikh temple 佛教╱印度教╱锡克教庙宇 ②太阳穴；鬓角；颞颥；颞部 •He had black hair, greying at the temples.他的头发是黑色的，但两鬓已见斑白。 39. struc·ture  /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ v./n. struc·tural adj.  /ˈstrʌktʃərəl/ v. ①~ sth (around sth) 使形成体系；系统安排；精心组织 •The exhibition is structured around the themes of work and leisure. 展览是围绕工作与休闲的主题来布置的。 n. ①[ U/C] 结构；构造 •the structure of the building这座建筑物的结构 •a salary structure工资结构 ②[ C] 结构体；（尤指）建筑物 •a stone/brick/wooden structure石╱砖╱木结构建筑物 ③[ U/C] 精心组织；周密安排；体系 •Your essay needs (a) structure.你这篇文章组织不好。 40. crit·ic n.  /ˈkrɪtɪk/ criticize v. criticism n. ①批评家；评论家；评论员 ②批评者；挑剔的人 41. in·spec·tion n.  /ɪnˈspekʃn/ [ U/C] inspect v. inspector n. ①视察 •Regular inspections are carried out at the prison.经常有人来视察这座监狱。 •The head went on a tour of inspection of all the classrooms.校长巡视了所有教室。 ②检查；查看；审视 SYN examination •The documents are available for inspection .这些文件可供查看。 42. ex·pose v.  /ɪkˈspəʊz/ exposure n. ①暴露；显露；露出 SYN reveal •He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth. 他突然一笑，露出一口雪白的牙齿。 ②揭露；揭穿 •She was exposed as a liar and a fraud.她说谎和欺骗的面目被揭穿了。 ③~ sb/sth/yourself (to sth) 使面临，使遭受（危险或不快） •to expose yourself to ridicule让自己受到嘲笑 •Do not expose babies to strong sunlight.不要让婴孩受到强烈的阳光照射。 ④~ sb to sth使接触；使体验 •We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible. 我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。 ⑤照相机胶片曝光 43. pol·it·ical adj.  /pəˈlɪtɪkl/ politics n. politician n. ①政治的；政府的；政权的 ②政党的；党派的 ③(人)关心政治的；政治上活跃的。 ④争权夺利的；人事纠纷的 •I suspect that he was dismissed for political reasons.我怀疑他被解职是人事上的原因。 44. cri·sis n.  /ˈkraɪsɪs/ ( pl.cri·ses/‑siːz/ ) ①危机；危急关头 ②危难时刻；病危期 45. de·cline  /dɪˈklaɪn/ n./v. n. ①~ (in sth)~ (of sth)（数量、价值、质量等的）减少，下降，衰落，衰退 •Industry in Britain has been in decline since the 1970s. 英国工业自20世纪70年代以来一直在走下坡路。 •a rapid/sharp/gradual decline 迅速╱急剧╱逐渐下降 v. ①减少；下降；衰弱；衰退 •Her health was declining rapidly.她的健康状况迅速恶化。 ②( formal ) 谢绝；婉言拒绝 SYN refuse •to decline an offer/invitation 谢绝对方的主动帮助╱邀请 IDIOMS 习语 1.sb's declining ˈyears( literary)暮年；晚年 46. over·throw /ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ/ ( over·threw/‑ˈθruː/ over·thrown/‑ˈθrəʊn/) v./n. v. ①推翻；打倒；赶下台 •The president was overthrown in a military coup.总统在军事政变中被赶下台。 n. ①推翻；打倒 47. scale  /skeɪl/ n./v. ①[ sing.U]~ (of sth)（尤指与其他事物相比较时的）规模，范围，程度 •They entertain on a large scale (= they hold expensive parties with a lot of guests) . 他们大宴宾客。 ② [ C]等级；级别 •a five-point pay scale五分制工资等级 ③[ C,usually sing.] 等级体系 •the social scale社会等级体系 ④[ C]标度；刻度 •How much does it read on the scale?刻度显示的是多少？ ⑤[ C]比例；比例尺 •a scale of 1:25 0001：25 000的比例 ⑥[ C] 鱼；爬行动物的鳞；鳞片 ⑦[ U]牙垢；牙石 v. ①攀登；到达…顶点 •the first woman to scale the world's five highest peaks第一位登上世界五大高峰的女性 •He has scaled the heights of his profession.他登上了他事业的顶峰。 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1.ˌscale sth←→ˈdown减少（数量）；缩小（规模或范围） •We are thinking of scaling down our training programmes next year. 我们考虑在明年缩小培训计划。 2.ˌscale sth←→ˈup 增大，扩大（规模或数量） 48. out·stand·ing adj.  /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ ①优秀的；杰出的；出色的 ②突出的；明显的；重要的 SYN prominent •the outstanding features of the landscape这一风景的突出特征 ③(款项、工作、困难等) 未支付的；未完成的；未解决的 •A lot of work is still outstanding.许多工作尚未完成。 49. ex·hib·ition n.  /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ exhibit v. ①[ C]（一批）展览品 •Have you seen the Picasso exhibition?你看过毕加索的画展吗？ ②[ U]~ of sth展览；展出 •She refused to allow the exhibition of her husband's work.她拒不允许展出她丈夫的作品。 ③[ sing.]an ~ of sth（技能、感情、行为等的）表现，显示，表演 •We were treated to an exhibition of the footballer's speed and skill. 足球运动员表现出的速度和技能真是让我们大饱眼福。 ④ [ C] ( BrE ) 奖学金 IDIOMS 习语 1. make an exhiˈbition of yourself( disapproving) 出洋相；当众出丑 50. rare adj.  /reə(r)/ ( rarer rar·est) rarely adv. ①~ (for sb/sth to do sth)~ (to do sth) 稀少的；稀罕的 •It's extremely rare for it to be this hot in April.四月份就这样炎热是极其罕见的。 ②稀罕的；珍贵的 •a rare book/coin/stamp珍贵的书╱硬币╱邮票 ③(肉) 半熟的；半生的 51. car·eer n. /kəˈrɪə(r)/ ①生涯；职业 •a career in politics从政生涯 •a teaching career教学生涯 •That will be a good career move. 那将是事业发展上明智的一步。 ②经历；事业 •She started her career as an English teacher.她以当英语教师开始了她的职业生涯。 •He is playing the best tennis of his career.他正处于他网球事业的巅峰时期。 •My school career was not very impressive.我的学业成绩并不很出色。 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$