Unit 2 Getting along.Understanding ideals（语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练）-2025-2026学年外研版英语2024八年级上册

Unit 2 Getting along. Understanding ideals （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：现在完成时Ⅱ 1 （一）用法 1 （二）用法详解与对比 1 （三）重点总结 3 （四）中考高频考点真题训练 3 二、基础讲解 4 （一）词汇讲解 4 （二）词汇练习 6 三、分层精练 6 （一）单项选择 6 （二）、单词拼写 10 （三）用 “for”或 “since” 以及括号中动词的正确形式（现在完成时）完成句子 13 （四）拓展延伸 14 一、语法讲解：现在完成时Ⅱ （一）用法 现在完成时表示从过去某时开始持续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语（如“for+时间段”“since+时间点”等）连用。 （二）用法详解与对比 特点 for since 含义 持续了多久 (时间段) 从过去某个具体时间点开始 (时间点) 后面接什么 一段时间 (a period of time) 一个具体的时间点 (a point in time) 常见搭配 for +数字+seconds/minutes/hours/days/weeks/months/years for a long time for ages for two days for ten minutes for three weeks for six months for many years since +具体时间点/事件 since 8 o'clock since Monday since January since 2020 since last week since I was a child since he arrived since the war began` 核心语法 强调动作或状态持续的总长度 强调动作或状态开始的起点 句子重点 多长时间了？ (How long?) 从什么时候开始的？(When did it start?) 例句 1. I have lived here for five years. (我在这里住了五年了。) 2. 2. She has studied English for a long time. (她学英语很久了。) 3. 3. We have known each other for ten months. (我们认识十个月了。) 1.I have lived here since 2020. (我从2020年起就住在这里了。) 2.She has studied English since she was six. (她从六岁起就学英语了。) 3. We have known each other since last summer. (我们从去年夏天就认识了。) 关键区别 for 后面是一个长度 (多久) “since” 后面是一个起点 (从什么时候起) 常见错误 I have lived here since five years.(错误！“five years” 是时间段，应用 “for”) I have lived here for 2020. (错误！“2020” 是时间点，应用 “since”) （三）重点总结 1. 时态一致性： 主句用现在完成时 (have/has + 过去分词)。since 引导的从句通常用一般过去时 (如 since I was a child, since he arrived)。 2. 动词选择： 必须使用延续性动词 (live, work, study, know, have, be, wait, stay 等) 才能表示持续状态。短暂性动词 (buy, die, join, leave, finish, come, go 等) 不能直接这样用表示持续意义（需要转换表达，如 He has been dead for ten years.代替 He has died for ten years.）。 3. 时间点判断： 帮助学生识别什么是“时间点”(Monday, last year, 8am, I was born) 和“时间段”(two hours, a week, many years) 是掌握的关键。 4. 口诀记忆：for段，since点，现在完成紧相连。(段=时间段，点=时间点) （四）中考高频考点真题训练 1. — How long ______ you ______ this book? — ______ two weeks. A. have; borrowed; For B. did; borrow; Since C. have; kept; For D. have; kept; Since 解析：问持续时间用现在完成时，`borrow`（借）是短暂性动词，需改为延续性动词 `keep`；答语 `two weeks` 是时间段，用 `for`。 2. My grandparents ______ in the countryside ______ 40 years. A. lived; for B. have lived; since C. have lived; for D. lived; since 解析：句意“至今仍居住”，用现在完成时；`40 years` 是时间段，用 `for`。 3. — ______ have you been a member of the club? — ______ last term. A. How long; Since B. When; For C. How long; For D. When; Since 解析：问持续时间用 `How long`；答语 `last term` 是时间起点，用 `since`。 4. The old bridge ______ 1990. It still looks strong. A. has been since B. has been for C. has stood since D. has stood for 解析：`stand`（矗立）是延续性动词；`1990` 是时间点，用 `since`。 5. — Is Mr. Smith in the office? — No, he ______ to London. He ______ there for three days. A. has gone; has been B. went; has been C. has gone; was D. went; was 解析：`has gone to` 表示“去了未归”；`has been there` 表示“停留多久”，搭配 `for 二、基础讲解 （一）词汇讲解 1. angry (adj.) 生气的 搭配：- be angry with sb.（对某人生气） - be angry about/at sth.（因某事生气） 例句：She was angry with her brother for breaking her toy. The teacher was angry about the noise in class. 2. shout (v.) 喊叫 用法：shout at sb.（生气地朝某人喊） shout to sb.（大声喊某人，非责备） 例句：Don’t shout at me! It’s not my fault! He shouted to his friend across the street. 3. outside 在外面，向外面 - (adv.) 在外面：The children are playing outside. - (prep.) 在…外面：Wait outside the classroom. - (n.) 外部：The outside of the house is white. 4. afraid (adj.) 害怕的 搭配：be afraid of (sb./sth./doing) be afraid to do sth.（不敢做） I’m afraid that...（委婉表达担忧） 例句：Many children are afraid of spiders. She was afraid to ask questions. 5. fear 害怕，惧怕 及物动词意为“害怕，惧怕”，表示对某人、某事或某种情况感到害怕：He fears darkness. 既可作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词。作可数名词时，通常指具体的、特定的恐惧或担忧；作不可数名词时，更侧重于指抽象的、普遍的恐惧心理或情绪。She has a fear of heights. 对比：“afraid”（形容词） “fear”（动词/名词） 6. return (v.) 返回，回来，回去 及物动词，意为“归还”，相当于give…back：Please return the book to the library. 不及物动词，意为“返回，回来，回去”，相当于come/get back：He returned home at 8 p.m. 7. allow (v.) 允许 搭配：allow sb. to do sth. allow doing sth. 例句：My parents allow me to watch TV on weekends. School doesn’t allow eating in class. 8. get along (well) with sb. 与某人相处（融洽） Lucy gets along well with her classmates. (= have a good relationship with sb.) 9. so… that 如此…以至于…（引导结果状语从句） The problem is so difficult that I can’t solve it. 10. hear sb doing sth听到某人正在做某事 用于强调在某个具体的时刻所察觉到的正在进行的动作，让听到者感受到动作的即时性和生动性，其中的doing sth 作宾语补足语。 例句:When I passed by the park ,I heard some children laughing happily. （二）词汇练习 A.用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The teacher got ______ (anger) when students cheated. 2. ______ (not shout) at the elderly! It's rude. 3. It's quiet ______ (在...外面) the hospital. 4. Are you afraid ______ (swim) in the deep sea? 5. Our school doesn't allow ______ (eat) in labs. 答案： 1. angry 2. Don't shout 3. outside 4. to swim/of swimming 5. eating B.填空 My parents never allow me ___1___ (stay) outside after 9 p.m. They fear ___2___ something dangerous might happen. However, I get along well ___3___ my best friend, so I often feel angry ___4___ this rule. Yesterday I shouted ___5___ my mom about it... 答案： 1. to stay (allow sb. to do) 2. that (fear that + 从句) 3. with (get along with) 4. about (be angry about sth.) 5. at (shout at sb.) 三、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．The famous table tennis player Wang Chuqin ________ 8 men’s singles championships in WTT events since 2022. A．won B．has won C．wins D．win 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自2022年以来，著名的乒乓球运动员王楚钦已经在世界乒乓球职业大联盟（WTT）赛事中赢得了8次男子单打冠军。 考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“since 2022”可知，“since+过去的时间点”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，故选B。 2．—Why are you looking for May in a hurry? —The boss is wondering where she ________ and how long she ________ there. A． has been; has been B．has gone; has gone B． C．has been; has gone D．has gone; has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你为什么急着找May？——老板想知道她去了哪里以及她在那里待了多久。 考查延续性动词和非延续性动词。has gone去了某地；has been去过某地。根据“The boss is wondering where she...and how long she...there.”可知，此处是宾语从句，由where引导，has gone作谓语，意为“去了哪里”，第二空，how long引导，has been作谓语，there作地点状语，意为“待了多久”，故选D。 3．—How long has Mr. White ________ Joan? —I am not sure. Maybe they got married five years ago. A．married B．got married to C．been married with D．been married to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——怀特先生和琼结婚多久了？——我不确定。可能他们五年前结的婚。   考查动词短语搭配。marry是及物动词，可直接接宾语；get married to表示结婚的动作；be married to表示结婚的状态。根据问句中的“how long”可知，此处询问的是持续的状态，且married后接宾语时需用介词to。故选D。 4．The shop owner ________ stopped talking and his mouth was wide open like a big “O”. It was the president! A．luckily B．suddenly C．politely D．recently 【答案】B 【详解】句意：店主突然停止了说话，他的嘴巴像一个大大的 “O” 一样张得很开。原来是总统！ 考查副词辨析。luckily幸运地；suddenly突然地；politely有礼貌地；recently最近地。根据“his mouth was wide open like a big ‘O’.”可知，店主看到总统时，突然停止说话并惊讶地张大嘴巴。故选B。 5．—It’s almost two years since we came here. —How time flies! We ________ in Shouchun for so long. A．study B．studied C．will study D．have studied 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——自从我们来到这里已经几乎两年了。——时间过得多快！我们在寿春学习这么长时间了。 考查动词时态。study动词原形；studied过去式；will study一般将来时；have studied现在完成时。根据时间状语“for so long”和选项可知，应用现在完成时。故选D。 6．—Where is your father? —He ________ Beijing on business, and he will come back in three days. A．went to B．has been to C．has gone to D．goes to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你爸爸在哪里？——他去北京出差了，三天后回来。 考查动词的时态。根据“Where is your father?”以及“and he will come back in three days.”可知，此处指去了北京，还未回来，has gone to“去了”，表示“去了某地且未返回”，符合语境。故选C。 7．— Mr Green and Mrs Green ________ for thirty years. —Wow! No wonder they’ve made a lot of great memories together. A． have been married B．got married B． C．have got married D．will get married 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——格林夫妇结婚已经30年了。——哇！难怪他们在一起留下了很多美好的回忆。 考查动词时态。have been married已婚，表持续状态；got married结婚，表示过去的短暂动作；have got married错误表达；will get married将结婚，用于一般将来时。根据“for thirty years.”可知，空处需现在完成时，其结构为have/has+done，marry为短暂性动词，需变成延续性词be married，主语为复数，助动词用have。故选A。 8．We ________ friends since I came to this school. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校，我们就一直是朋友。 考查动词时态。根据“since”可知，since引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。故选C。 9．—Where is Linda? She isn’t at home. —Oh, she ________ to the supermarket. A．has been B．has gone C．will go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——琳达在哪？她不在家。——哦，她去超市了。 考查时态。根据“She isn’t at home.”可知去了超市还没有回来，需用has gone to表达。故选B。 10．The poor family _________ a lot of help from the neighbours since the family moved there. A．has received B．received C．is receiving D．receives 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从这家人搬到那里以来，他们从邻居那里得到了很多帮助。 考查时态。根据“since the family moved there”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时。故选A。 11．I’ll lend you the book after Jim gives it back. He _______ it since last weekend. A．borrowed B．has borrowed C．keeps D．has kept 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吉姆把书还给我后，我就借给你。他从上周末起就借走了这本书。 考查现在完成时延续性动词。borrow借，结束性动词；keep保留，延续性动词。根据“since last weekend”可知此处为现在完成时，应用延续性动词，主语为第三人称单数，故用助动词has，后接过去分词kept。故选D。 12．—Do you work in Shanghai? —Yes. Actually, I ______ there for six years. A．will work B．was working C．work D．have worked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你在上海工作吗？——是的。实际上，我在那里工作六年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“for six years”可知，此句时态用现在完成时，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。结构为have/has done。故选D。 13．―Where is your father, Jenny? ―He isn’t at home. He ________ to Wuhan to help patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. A．has been B．has gone C．went D．will go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——珍妮，你爸爸在哪里？——他不在家。他去武汉帮助新型冠状病毒肺炎患者了。 考查have/has been to与have/has gone to。have/has been to表示“去过某地”，现在已经回来，不在那里了；have/has gone to表示“去了某地”，现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中，也有可能在目的地。根据“He isn’t at home.”可知，他去了武汉。故选B。 14．It ________ five years since I came to the city after finishing high school. A．was B．have been C．has been D．had been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：高中毕业后来到这座城市已经五年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“since I came...”可知，主句的时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词，主语是it，助动词用has，be动词的过去分词为been。故选C。 15．The father ________ from home for a long time. A．was absent B．is absent C．has been absent D．will be absent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：父亲将很长一段时间不在家。 考查时态。结合“for a long time”及语境可知，此处指父亲离开家至今已经很长时间了，时态应用现在完成时。故选C。 二、单词拼写 16．The boy in a white jacket can play volleyball q (相当) well. 【答案】(q)uite 【详解】句意：穿白色夹克的男孩排球打得相当好。根据首字母“q”和汉语提示“相当”可知，此处应填“quite”，“quite”是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词原级，表示“相当，很”，在这里修饰“well”，表示程度。故填(q)uite。 17．I haven’t seen him he moved to the other side of the town. 【答案】since 【详解】句意：自从他搬到小镇的另一边后，我就再也没见过他了。根据“I haven’t seen him...he moved to the other side of the town.”可知，此处缺连词，引导时间状语从句“he moved to the other side of the town”，且从句为一般过去时，而主句为现在完成时，应为“since”，意为“自……以来”，故填since。 18．Chinese people are able to b (建造) a new bridge in months. 【答案】(b)uild 【详解】句意：中国人能够在几个月内建造一座新桥。“建造”的英文表达为build，动词不定式to后接动词原形，故填(b)uild。 19．I will write some short a (文章) about my school life. 【答案】(a)rticles 【详解】句意：我经常用写一些关于校园生活的文章。文章：article，可数名词，some后接可数复数形式。故填(a)rticles。 20．Our school is big, but (他们的) is small. 【答案】theirs 【详解】句意：我们的学校很大，但是他们的很小。根据“Our school is big, but...is small.”可知此处指“他们的学校”，空后无名词，此处用名词性物主代词theirs“他们的”。故填theirs。 21．The lights are still on. The Blacks (plan) what to take to the party tomorrow in the next room. 【答案】are planning 【详解】句意：灯还亮着。布莱克一家正在隔壁房间计划明天带什么去聚会。根据“The lights are still on”可知，本句所表达的事情正在发生，本句应用现在进行时。根据“The Blacks...what to take to the party tomorrow in the next room.”可知，空格处为本句谓语动词，主语为The Blacks，表示“布莱克一家人”，为复数，故填are planning。 22．The party was so (热闹的) with music and dancing. 【答案】lively 【详解】句意：音乐和舞蹈使晚会非常热闹。lively“热闹的”，形容词作表语。故填lively。 23．Could you write a letter of (介绍) for me? 【答案】introduction 【详解】句意：你能帮我写一封介绍信吗？根据“Could you write a letter of ... for me?”可知， 横线处需填名词单数。“介绍”为introduce，动词，其名词形式为introduction。故填introduction。 24．Have you seen any good films (recent)? 【答案】recently 【详解】句意：你最近看过什么好的电影吗？分析句子结构可知，空格处需填入一个副词来修饰动词seen，表示时间上的“最近”。recent“最近的，近来的”，形容词，其副词形式为recently。故填recently。 25．If you want to change for a (双的) room, you’ll have to pay another $25. 【答案】double 【详解】句意：如果您想换一间双人房，您得另付25美元。结合汉语提示及“for a…room”可知，此处指“双人间”，应用形容词double作定语修饰room。故填double。 26．Tara never learned to swim and did Nelly. So they can’t swim. 【答案】neither/nor 【详解】句意：塔拉从未学会游泳，耐莉也没有。所以他们不会游泳。根据“So they can’t swim.”可知，塔拉从未学会游泳，耐莉也没有，此处为倒装句，结构为“neither/nor+助动词+主语”，表示“……也没有”，故填neither/nor。 27．When the father came home from work, he heard his wife (shout) at their son, Tom. 【答案】shouting 【详解】句意：当父亲下班回家时，他听到妻子正在对他们的儿子汤姆大喊。根据“When the father came home from work,”可知，此处是指父亲下班回家时听到妻子正在对儿子大喊；考查hear sb. doing sth.“听到某人正在做某事”，固定搭配，强调动作正在进行，所以这里应用动词shout的现在分词形式shouting。故填shouting。 28．I like (在线的, 联网的) shopping. It’s easy and fast. 【答案】online 【详解】句意：我喜欢网上购物。它既简便又快捷。根据中文提示可知，“在线的，联网的”的英文表达为online， online shopping意为“网上购物”，故填online。 29．Our classroom is much (large) than yours because we have more students. 【答案】larger 【详解】句意：我们的教室比你们的大得多，因为我们班的学生更多。根据横线后“than”可知，此处应该填入比较级，结合所给词可知，large大的，形容词，其比较级形式是larger，作表语，意为“更大的”符合语境。故填larger。 30．I have lived here (自……以来) I was born. 【答案】since 【详解】句意：自从我出生以来，我一直住在这里。根据中文提示，“自……以来”用since表示，构成“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，强调动作的延续，故填since。 （三）用 “for”或 “since” 以及括号中动词的正确形式（现在完成时）完成句子 31. I _______________ (not eat) anything _______ this morning. 32. How long _______________ you _______________ (learn) English? - _______ three years. 33. Tom _______________ (work) in London _______ last summer. 34. We _______________ (not visit) our grandparents _______ Christmas. 35. She _______________ (be) a teacher _______ 2008. 36. They _______________ (live) in this city _______ they were born. 37. The movie _______________ (start) ten minutes ago, so it _______________ (be) on _______ ten minutes. 38. _______ how long _______________ he _______________ (have) that car? - _______ six months. 39. It _______________ (snow) _______ yesterday afternoon. 40. I _______________ (know) about the surprise party _______ last week. 【答案】31. haven't eaten, since；32. have... learned/learnt, For；33. has worked, since；34. haven't visited, since；35. has been, since；36. have lived, since；37. started, has been, for；38. For, has... had, For；39. has snowed, since；40. have known, since； 【详解】31.时间点 "this morning" 用 since；"没吃" 延续到现在 → have not eaten ； 32.询问持续时间用 How long...? + 现在完成时（have learned）；"三年" 是时间段 → for； 33.时间点 "last summer" → since；动作持续至今 → has worked ； 34.时间点 "Christmas" → since；否定延续 → have not visited ； 35.时间点 "2008" → since；状态延续 → has been（be动词用 been）； 36.时间点从句 "they were born" → since；动作持续 → have lived ； 37. 前半句 "ago" 用一般过去时（started）；后半句 "已放映10分钟"（延续至今）→ has been on（表状态） + 时间段 for ； 38. 正式表达：How long has he had...?（口语中可省略句尾 "for"）；时间段 "six months" → for ； 时间点 "yesterday afternoon" → since；动作持续影响现在 → has snowed ； 40. 时间点 "last week" → since；"知道" 状态延续 → have known 。 （四）拓展延伸 41. 用 “for”和 “since”各造一个句子，描述你学习英语的经历。 42. 用 “for”和 “since”各造一个句子，描述你的家人住在现在的房子有多久。 43. 用 “since”造一个句子，描述你从什么时候开始喜欢某项运动/爱好。 44. 用 “for”造一个句子，描述你昨晚做了多久的作业。 45. (挑战) 向你的同桌提问两个问题：一个用 How long... + for?， 一个用 Since when...?。例如：How long have you had your phone for? / Since when have you been in this class? 【参考答案】 41. 学习英语的经历 for：I have learned English for five years.（时间段） since：I have learned English since 2019.（时间点） 42. 家人居住时长 for：My family has lived in this house for ten years. since：My family has lived here since I was six years old. 43. 爱好开始时间 since：I have loved basketball since I watched the NBA finals in 2020. 44. 昨晚作业时长 for：I did my homework for two hours last night. 解析：过去具体时间（last night）用一般过去时，但强调时长仍可用 for 45. 挑战：同桌互问 How long have you had your pet for?（时间段） 答：I've had it for two years. Since when have you studied at this school?（时间点） 答：I've studied here since 2022. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Getting along. Understanding ideals （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：现在完成时Ⅱ 1 （一）用法 1 （二）用法详解与对比 1 （三）重点总结 3 （四）中考高频考点真题训练 3 二、基础讲解 4 （一）词汇讲解 4 （二）词汇练习 6 三、分层精练 6 （一）单项选择 6 （二）、单词拼写 8 （三）用 “for”或 “since” 以及括号中动词的正确形式（现在完成时）完成句子 8 （四）拓展延伸 9 一、语法讲解：现在完成时Ⅱ （一）用法 现在完成时表示从过去某时开始持续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语（如“for+时间段”“since+时间点”等）连用。 （二）用法详解与对比 特点 for since 含义 持续了多久 (时间段) 从过去某个具体时间点开始 (时间点) 后面接什么 一段时间 (a period of time) 一个具体的时间点 (a point in time) 常见搭配 for +数字+seconds/minutes/hours/days/weeks/months/years for a long time for ages for two days for ten minutes for three weeks for six months for many years since +具体时间点/事件 since 8 o'clock since Monday since January since 2020 since last week since I was a child since he arrived since the war began` 核心语法 强调动作或状态持续的总长度 强调动作或状态开始的起点 句子重点 多长时间了？ (How long?) 从什么时候开始的？(When did it start?) 例句 1. I have lived here for five years. (我在这里住了五年了。) 2. 2. She has studied English for a long time. (她学英语很久了。) 3. 3. We have known each other for ten months. (我们认识十个月了。) 1.I have lived here since 2020. (我从2020年起就住在这里了。) 2.She has studied English since she was six. (她从六岁起就学英语了。) 3. We have known each other since last summer. (我们从去年夏天就认识了。) 关键区别 for 后面是一个长度 (多久) “since” 后面是一个起点 (从什么时候起) 常见错误 I have lived here since five years.(错误！“five years” 是时间段，应用 “for”) I have lived here for 2020. (错误！“2020” 是时间点，应用 “since”) （三）重点总结 1. 时态一致性： 主句用现在完成时 (have/has + 过去分词)。since 引导的从句通常用一般过去时 (如 since I was a child, since he arrived)。 2. 动词选择： 必须使用延续性动词 (live, work, study, know, have, be, wait, stay 等) 才能表示持续状态。短暂性动词 (buy, die, join, leave, finish, come, go 等) 不能直接这样用表示持续意义（需要转换表达，如 He has been dead for ten years.代替 He has died for ten years.）。 3. 时间点判断： 帮助学生识别什么是“时间点”(Monday, last year, 8am, I was born) 和“时间段”(two hours, a week, many years) 是掌握的关键。 4. 口诀记忆：for段，since点，现在完成紧相连。(段=时间段，点=时间点) （四）中考高频考点真题训练 1. — How long ______ you ______ this book? — ______ two weeks. A. have; borrowed; For B. did; borrow; Since C. have; kept; For D. have; kept; Since 2. My grandparents ______ in the countryside ______ 40 years. A. lived; for B. have lived; since C. have lived; for D. lived; since 3. — ______ have you been a member of the club? — ______ last term. A. How long; Since B. When; For C. How long; For D. When; Since 4. The old bridge ______ 1990. It still looks strong. A. has been since B. has been for C. has stood since D. has stood for 5. — Is Mr. Smith in the office? — No, he ______ to London. He ______ there for three days. A. has gone; has been B. went; has been C. has gone; was D. went; was 二、基础讲解 （一）词汇讲解 1. angry (adj.) 生气的 搭配：- be angry with sb.（对某人生气） - be angry about/at sth.（因某事生气） 例句：She was angry with her brother for breaking her toy. The teacher was angry about the noise in class. 2. shout (v.) 喊叫 用法：shout at sb.（生气地朝某人喊） shout to sb.（大声喊某人，非责备） 例句：Don’t shout at me! It’s not my fault! He shouted to his friend across the street. 3. outside 在外面，向外面 - (adv.) 在外面：The children are playing outside. - (prep.) 在…外面：Wait outside the classroom. - (n.) 外部：The outside of the house is white. 4. afraid (adj.) 害怕的 搭配：be afraid of (sb./sth./doing) be afraid to do sth.（不敢做） I’m afraid that...（委婉表达担忧） 例句：Many children are afraid of spiders. She was afraid to ask questions. 5. fear 害怕，惧怕 及物动词意为“害怕，惧怕”，表示对某人、某事或某种情况感到害怕：He fears darkness. 既可作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词。作可数名词时，通常指具体的、特定的恐惧或担忧；作不可数名词时，更侧重于指抽象的、普遍的恐惧心理或情绪。She has a fear of heights. 对比：“afraid”（形容词） “fear”（动词/名词） 6. return (v.) 返回，回来，回去 及物动词，意为“归还”，相当于give…back：Please return the book to the library. 不及物动词，意为“返回，回来，回去”，相当于come/get back：He returned home at 8 p.m. 7. allow (v.) 允许 搭配：allow sb. to do sth. allow doing sth. 例句：My parents allow me to watch TV on weekends. School doesn’t allow eating in class. 8. get along (well) with sb. 与某人相处（融洽） Lucy gets along well with her classmates. (= have a good relationship with sb.) 9. so… that 如此…以至于…（引导结果状语从句） The problem is so difficult that I can’t solve it. 10. hear sb doing sth听到某人正在做某事 用于强调在某个具体的时刻所察觉到的正在进行的动作，让听到者感受到动作的即时性和生动性，其中的doing sth 作宾语补足语。 例句:When I passed by the park ,I heard some children laughing happily. （二）词汇练习 A.用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The teacher got ______ (anger) when students cheated. 2. ______ (not shout) at the elderly! It's rude. 3. It's quiet ______ (在...外面) the hospital. 4. Are you afraid ______ (swim) in the deep sea? 5. Our school doesn't allow ______ (eat) in labs. B.填空 My parents never allow me ___1___ (stay) outside after 9 p.m. They fear ___2___ something dangerous might happen. However, I get along well ___3___ my best friend, so I often feel angry ___4___ this rule. Yesterday I shouted ___5___ my mom about it... 三、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．The famous table tennis player Wang Chuqin ________ 8 men’s singles championships in WTT events since 2022. A．won B．has won C．wins D．win 2．—Why are you looking for May in a hurry? —The boss is wondering where she ________ and how long she ________ there. A． has been; has been B．has gone; has gone B． C．has been; has gone D．has gone; has been 3．—How long has Mr. White ________ Joan? —I am not sure. Maybe they got married five years ago. A．married B．got married to C．been married with D．been married to 4．The shop owner ________ stopped talking and his mouth was wide open like a big “O”. It was the president! A．luckily B．suddenly C．politely D．recently 5．—It’s almost two years since we came here. —How time flies! We ________ in Shouchun for so long. A．study B．studied C．will study D．have studied 6．—Where is your father? —He ________ Beijing on business, and he will come back in three days. A．went to B．has been to C．has gone to D．goes to 7．— Mr Green and Mrs Green ________ for thirty years. —Wow! No wonder they’ve made a lot of great memories together. A． have been married B．got married B． C．have got married D．will get married 8．We ________ friends since I came to this school. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 9．—Where is Linda? She isn’t at home. —Oh, she ________ to the supermarket. A．has been B．has gone C．will go 10．The poor family _________ a lot of help from the neighbours since the family moved there. A．has received B．received C．is receiving D．receives 11．I’ll lend you the book after Jim gives it back. He _______ it since last weekend. A．borrowed B．has borrowed C．keeps D．has kept 12．—Do you work in Shanghai? —Yes. Actually, I ______ there for six years. A．will work B．was working C．work D．have worked 13．―Where is your father, Jenny? ―He isn’t at home. He ________ to Wuhan to help patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. A．has been B．has gone C．went D．will go 14．It ________ five years since I came to the city after finishing high school. A．was B．have been C．has been D．had been 15．The father ________ from home for a long time. A．was absent B．is absent C．has been absent D．will be absent 二、单词拼写 16．The boy in a white jacket can play volleyball q (相当) well. 17．I haven’t seen him he moved to the other side of the town. 18．Chinese people are able to b (建造) a new bridge in months. 19．I will write some short a (文章) about my school life. 20．Our school is big, but (他们的) is small. 21．The lights are still on. The Blacks (plan) what to take to the party tomorrow in the next room. 22．The party was so (热闹的) with music and dancing. 23．Could you write a letter of (介绍) for me? 24．Have you seen any good films (recent)? 25．If you want to change for a (双的) room, you’ll have to pay another $25. 26．Tara never learned to swim and did Nelly. So they can’t swim. 27．When the father came home from work, he heard his wife (shout) at their son, Tom. 28．I like (在线的, 联网的) shopping. It’s easy and fast. 29．Our classroom is much (large) than yours because we have more students. 30．I have lived here (自……以来) I was born. （三）用 “for”或 “since” 以及括号中动词的正确形式（现在完成时）完成句子 31. I _______________ (not eat) anything _______ this morning. 32. How long _______________ you _______________ (learn) English? - _______ three years. 33. Tom _______________ (work) in London _______ last summer. 34. We _______________ (not visit) our grandparents _______ Christmas. 35. She _______________ (be) a teacher _______ 2008. 36. They _______________ (live) in this city _______ they were born. 37. The movie _______________ (start) ten minutes ago, so it _______________ (be) on _______ ten minutes. 38. _______ how long _______________ he _______________ (have) that car? - _______ six months. 39. It _______________ (snow) _______ yesterday afternoon. 40. I _______________ (know) about the surprise party _______ last week. （四）拓展延伸 41. 用 “for”和 “since”各造一个句子，描述你学习英语的经历。 42. 用 “for”和 “since”各造一个句子，描述你的家人住在现在的房子有多久。 43. 用 “since”造一个句子，描述你从什么时候开始喜欢某项运动/爱好。 44. 用 “for”造一个句子，描述你昨晚做了多久的作业。 45. (挑战) 向你的同桌提问两个问题：一个用 How long... + for?， 一个用 Since when...?。例如：How long have you had your phone for? / Since when have you been in this class? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$