初高中衔接之定语从句入门-2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接专题

第一阶段：夯实基础（第1 - 6课） 第二课：定语从句入门 课程目标：理解定语从句的定义、结构，掌握关系代词的基本用法 1. 定义讲解：通过句子对比，说明定语从句对先行词的修饰限定作用 2. 关系代词用法：详细讲解 who、whom、whose、which、that 在从句中的不同功能 3 经典例句分析：从简单句逐步扩展为含定语从句的复合句，展示从句构建过程 4 给出一系列先行词，让学生分组用不同关系代词造句并展示 一、创设展示两组句子： 1. 普通句子组：“I met a girl. The girl is very smart.” 2. 含有定语从句的复合句：“I met a girl who is very smart.” 核心概念引入 定语从句：修饰名词的从句，本质是用句子充当定语。被修饰的名词叫先行词，如例句中的“a girl”。 二、关系代词精讲 （一）基础用法（如表格） 关系代词 先行词类型 从句中成分 例句（先行词：the man） who 人 主语 The man who is standing there is my teacher. whom 人 宾语 The man whom we met yesterday is my teacher. whose 人/物 定语（表所属） The man whose car is red is my teacher. which 物 主/宾语 The book which lies on the desk is mine. that 人/物 主/宾语 The man that I saw was wearing a hat. （二）易错点提醒 一、关系代词基础用法易错点强化 1. who/whom混淆陷阱 典型错误：The man who I met yesterday（书面语错误，met后缺宾语） 规则细化：口语中可用who替代whom（例：The guy who we invited...） 介词提前时必须用whom：The person to whom this letter is addressed... 2. that/which选择盲区易混场景： 限定性从句中，指物时that/which均可（可省略）：The book (that/which) I borrowed... 非限定性从句（逗号分隔）只能用which：The old bridge, which was built in 1900, needs repair. 二、特殊情况高频错误汇总 1. 只能用that的复杂场景 易错组合： 先行词含多重限定：all the only best结构 例：This is the only book that covers this topic.（✘误：用which） 先行词为复合不定代词受否定修饰： 例：There is nothing that he can't solve.（✘误：用which） 2. 介词+关系代词的陷阱 错误类型： 介词遗漏：The room where he lives in（✘）→ 正确：The room in which he lives 介词搭配错误：The pen by which I write（✘）→ 正确：The pen with which I write 3. whose变形结构误用 常见错误： 物主关系混乱：The house the roof of which is red（语序错） 正确：The house, the roof of which is red... 或 The house whose roof is red... 变形过度：The car of which the door is broken（冗余） 推荐：The car whose door is broken... 三、易混淆句式对比 1. 定语从句 vs 同位语从句 对比项 定语从句 同位语从句 引导词功能 作从句成分（主/宾/定） 不作成分（that无实际意义） 先行词关系 修饰限定 解释说明 典型例句 The news that he told me... The news that he won... 2. 关系副词 vs 介词+关系代词 错误替换：The day on which I was born → The day on when I was born（✘） 规则： when/where/why = 介词+which，介词固定不可随意替换 例：This is the reason why he left. = This is the reason for which he left. 1. 改错题 The man whom you saw him just now is my uncle.（✘him多余） This is the most beautiful place which I have ever visited.（✘最高级用that） 2. 陷阱选择题 Is this factory ______ you visited last year?（答案：the one，需补充先行词） The way ______ he solved the problem impressed us.（答案：that/in which/不填，特殊用法） "定从修饰名代词，关系词引从句中； 最高序数any/all，人和物兼用that； 逗号分隔非限定，介词提前which用； Whom宾格紧跟介，whose变形of which； 同位定从看成分，关系副前无介词； 成分重复是大忌，牢记规则少犯错！" （三）特殊情况详解 1. 只能用that的情况 先行词含最高级/序数词：This is the best book that I have ever read. 先行词含复合限定词：All that glitters is not gold. 先行词含人和物：We talked about the things and persons that we saw. 2. 只能用which的情况 介词提前时：This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 非限制性定语从句：The book, which I bought yesterday, is interesting.（逗号隔开） 3. whose的特殊用法 物的所属关系：The classroom whose windows are broken will be repaired. 变形结构：可用“of which + 名词”替换（例：The classroom, the windows of which are broken, will be repaired.） 三、例句 （一）基础合并示例 1. 原句1：The boy is my brother. 原句2：The boy is playing football. 合并：The boy who is playing football is my brother. （二）特殊情况实战 1. 先行词含最高级： 原句：The movie is exciting. The movie is the most popular this year. 合并：The movie that is the most popular this year is exciting. 2. 介词提前： 原句：This is the room. We lived in the room last year. 合并：This is the room in which we lived last year. 四、分组 （一）任务卡设计 每组抽取3个先行词，需包含1个特殊情况造句： 先行词库 示例（普通句） 特殊情况任务示例 1. 医生 who: The doctor who helps patients... 用“the doctor”造非限制性定语从句 2. 电脑 which: The computer which I bought... 用“the computer”造介词提前句 3. 作家 whose: The writer whose book... 用“whose”变形结构造句 （二）展示要求 每组派代表朗读句子，其他组判断关系代词及特殊情况用法是否正确，老师总结点评。 五、总结 （一）口诀记忆 新口诀： "定从修饰名代词，关系词引从句中； 最高序数any/all，人和物兼用that； 介词提前逗号隔，which独用莫用that； whose表属可变形，介后关系不省略！" （二）作业 1. 单项选择题 The man ______ is talking to our head teacher is Mr. Smith.（答案：who/that ，先行词the man指人，在从句中作主语 ） This is the most interesting story ______ I have ever heard.（答案：that ，先行词被最高级修饰 ） The book ______ cover is blue is mine.（答案：whose ，表示所属关系，书的封面 ） The factory ______ we visited yesterday is very large.（答案：which/that ，先行词the factory指物，在从句中作宾语 ） I still remember the day ______ I first came to this school.（答案：when ，先行词the day指时间，在从句中作时间状语 ） 2. 用适当的关系词填空 The house, ______ we bought last month, is very nice.（答案：which ，非限制性定语从句 ） The reason ______ he was late for school is that he missed the early bus.（答案：why ，先行词the reason指原因 ） Do you know the girl with ______ my brother is talking?（答案：whom ，介词提前，指人用whom ） He showed me a book, the cover ______ which was very beautiful.（答案：of ，whose的变形结构 ） This is the first thing ______ I want to say.（答案：that ，先行词被序数词修饰 ） 3. 翻译句子 这是我读过的最有趣的书。（This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. ） 我住在窗户朝南的房子里。（I live in the house whose windows face south. ） 他就是那个昨天帮助了我的人。（He is the man who/that helped me yesterday. ） 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的时光。（I will never forget the time that/which we spent together. ） 你认识正在和老师谈话的那个学生吗？（Do you know the student who/that is talking to the teacher? ） 4. 定语从句单项选择题强化训练（60题） 一、基础巩固题（20题） 1. The woman ______ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers. A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 2. This is the bag ______ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 3. The man ______ you are looking for is in the classroom. A. when B. where C. who D. which 4. The book ______ is on the table is mine. A. what B. where C. who D. that 5. The girl ______ has long hair is my classmate. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 6. The building ______ stands near the river is our school. A. which B. where C. who D. whom 7. The film ______ I saw yesterday was very interesting. A. who B. whom C. when D. that 8. The boy ______ mother is a doctor studies very hard. A. which B. whose C. who D. whom 9. Do you know the man ______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 10. This is the pen ______ he bought yesterday. A. which B. who C. whom D. what 11. The man ______ visited our school yesterday is from London. A. which B. who C. whom D. when 12. The boy ______ is playing football is my brother. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 13. The book ______ you want is on the desk. A. what B. which C. whose D. whom 14. The woman ______ daughter is a nurse works in a hospital. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 15. The house ______ we live in is very old. A. what B. where C. that D. whom 16. The boy ______ I talked to just now is my best friend. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 17. The tree ______ leaves are green is very old. A. which B. whose C. that D. whom 18. The girl ______ I met in the street is Mary. A. which B. whom C. whose D. when 19. The book ______ I bought last week is very interesting. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 20. The man ______ car was stolen called the police. A. which B. whose C. who D. whom 二、特殊情况专项题（20题） 21. This is the first thing ______ I want to say. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 22. This is the most interesting book ______ I have ever read. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 23. He talked about the teachers and schools ______ he had visited. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 24. There is nothing in the world ______ can frighten him. A. which B. that C. who D. what 25. All ______ we need is to be supplied with food and clothing. A. what B. that C. which D. whom 26. This is the only thing ______ I can do now. A. which B. that C. what D. who 27. The last place ______ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it 28. The man to ______ I spoke is a famous scientist. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 29. The house ______ we live is not big. A. in that B. which C. in which D. that 30. The reason ______ he didn't come was that he was ill. A. which B. that C. why D. what 31. The factory ______ his father works is in the south of the city. A. that B. which C. on which D. in which 32. The film, ______ I saw last night, was very interesting. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 33. The book ______ cover is blue is mine. A. which B. that C. whose D. whom 34. I'll never forget the days ______ we worked together. A. which B. that C. when D. where 35. I like the city ______ the people are really kind and friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 36. The library ______ students often study was on fire last night. A. that B. which C. where D. who 37. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player. A. whose B. that C. which D. who 38. This is the room ______ we lived in last year. A. that B. where C. when D. what 39. This is the room ______ we lived last year. A. that B. where C. which D. what 40. She heard a terrible noise, ______ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 三、易混淆辨析题（20题） 41. The news ______ he told me yesterday is true. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 42. The news ______ our team won the match is true. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 43. Is this factory ______ you visited last week? A. where B. that C. the one D. in which 44. Is this the factory ______ you visited last week? A. where B. that C. to which D. the one 45. The boy ______ we thought could succeed failed at last. A. who B. whom C. which D. what 46. The boy ______ we met at the school gate is Tom. A. who B. whose C. which D. what 47. This is the school ______ my father worked 20 years ago. A. that B. which C. where D. what 48. This is the school ______ was built in 1995. A. that B. where C. when D. what 49. The way ______ he used to solve the problem was wrong. A. which B. in which C. where D. how 50. The way ______ he solved the problem was wrong. A. which B. in which C. what D. how 51. I don't like the people ______ never help others. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 52. I don't like the people ______ you talked about. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 53. The computer ______ last week works well. A. which I bought it B. that I bought it C. I bought D. what I bought 54. The woman ______ is his mother. A. you spoke B. you spoke to C. whom you spoke D. to who you spoke 55. The house ______ windows face south is my uncle's. A. which B. that C. whose D. who 56. The house ______ faces south is my uncle's. A. which B. whose C. who D. whom 57. He is the only one of the students ______ passed the exam. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whom has 58. He is one of the students ______ passed the exam. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whom has 59. The scientist ______ is a famous inventor. A. with whom we are familiar B. with which we are familiar C. we are familiar with him D. we are familiar with whom 60. The classroom ______ door is broken will soon be repaired. A. which B. of which C. whose D. that 答案 1-5 BACDC 6-10 ADBCA 11-15 BCBBC 16-20 CBBCB 21-25 BBBDB 26-30 BBBCA 31-35 DBCCC 36-40 CAABC 41-45 ABCBA 46-50 ACAAB 51-55 BACBC 56-60 ACAAC 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$