甘肃省兰州市第六十一中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期末英语试卷

兰化一中2024-2025学年第二学期期末试卷 高一英语 （2025年7月） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What juice does the man want? A. Orange. B. Apple. C. Pear. 2. How did the woman buy the tickets? A. By phone. B. On the Internet. C. In person. 3. Who might collect the kids today? A. Their mother. B. Their father. C. Their grandmother. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Business partners. B. Colleagues. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. When to have a day out together. B. How to work to the deadline. C. Whether to go out today. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What will the speakers do tomorrow afternoon? A. Go sailing. B. Go water-skiing. C. Go windsurfing. 7. Where will the speakers meet? A. Outside the cafe. B. At the football field. C. At the water sports center. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8. What is Linda asked to do first? A. Meet Mr. Brown. B. Complete some forms. C. Hand in the recommendation letter. 9. What will Linda do in Room 201? A. Charge her phone. B. Have an interview. C. Read the email. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 10. What will the kids do with the egg in the workshop? A. Make a protective cover for it. B. Place it safely at a certain height. C. Learn the method of breaking it. 11. What is the competition about? A. Designing cars. B. Blowing up balloons. C. Building towers. 12. What does the man think of the activities? A. Hard. B. Special. C. Interesting. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 13. How many days does the festival last? A. Three. B. Four. C. Six. 14. What will happen around 2:00 on the first day? A. The crowd will gather. B. The opening will begin. C. The performances will finish. 15. What event comes next after the speech? A. A short play. B. A firework display. C. A band performance. 16. Where is the best place to watch fireworks? A. The city theater. B. The park. C. The beach. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. Where is the coatroom? A. Behind the reception. B. Next to the bathroom. C. Opposite the ticket office. 18. What is special about the Great Bath? A. It’s very imaginative. B. It’s the deepest. C. It’s the largest. 19. What is in the center of the site? A. The bath. B. The spring. C. The temple. 20. What do we know about the temple? A. It was poorly preserved. B. It was built a century ago. C. It is the only Roman temple in Britain. 第二部分：阅读（共2节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 A Some people learn a foreign language because they want to communicate with the local people. Some other people are just curious about foreign cultures. Whatever your reason may be, the best foreign language software around will certainly help you pick up the language in a few weeks. You will be able to speak fluently and understand the language clearly as well. Tell Me More This software is widely used in US schools, and it is believed to be the best foreign language learning software around the world. It offers instructions for learning Arabic, Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish. However, the software does not come cheap as it costs around $ 250. Talk Now If you are looking for cheaper language learning software, then this is just the suitable choice for you. This software will cost you around $40, and even though it is not as useful as Tell Me More, it is still very good software for the purpose. The disadvantage is that there is a clear lack (缺少) of interactive (互动的) activities for users so it does not result in fluency. Instant Immersion This software supplies learning material for up to 35 different languages, and it is widely considered as the best software for learning Spanish as well. It will cost you around $ 30, and this is a very reasonable price for such a piece of highly recommended and loved language learning software. The learning courses are highly interactive, and the ever present speech recognition (语音识别) feature ensures that you are getting the pronunciation right when you speak. Kid Speak This is a kind of foreign language translation software that you can make use of, and it will cost you around $ 30. So it is safe to say that the level of performance will be similar to that of Talk Now. This software is designed more for children to use for interesting videos. 1. What can we know about learning a language from Paragraph 1? A. Different people have different purposes. B. It is unnecessary to talk with the natives. C. Understanding foreign cultures is the key. D. Using software is the most effective way. 2. What is the disadvantage of Tell Me More? A. It has no interactive activities. B. It costs much more than the others. C. It is short of language learning methods. D. It provides no interesting videos for children. 3. Which of the software best suits users with poor pronunciation? A. Kid Speak. B. Tell Me More. C. Talk Now. D. Instant Immersion. B The day will come when renewable energy such as wind, solar, geothermal and others replace fossil fuels as the major source of world energy. However, most analysts insist that this day will not arrive for many decades to come—certainly well past the middle of the century. Systems of fossil fuels have already been firmly set up, and it is too costly or impractical to replace the existing systems with renewables. But there are good reasons to believe that the transition (转变) to renewables will come much faster than previously thought. It is hardly surprising that many experts say we will see a relatively slow transition from fossil fuels to renewables, given what is known about previous energy changes of this sort. “Energy transitions take a long time,” observed Vaclav Smil of the University of Manitoba in Scientific American. It took more than 50 years for coal to replace wood as the worlds leading source of energy and another 50 years for oil to replace coal; the change from fossil fuels to renewables, he argued, is not likely to come any faster. Under ordinary circumstances, Smil’s forecast would no doubt prove accurate. But these are not ordinary times. Growing concern over climate change is leading to increasingly strict controls on CO2 and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (排放), while the development in renewables technology is lowering their price and speeding their installation. There are, of course, many difficulties in the effective control of carbon emissions, as demonstrated by coal companies to block the introduction of new rules by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Nevertheless, it is impossible to dismiss the progress being made at the local and international levels to promote the use of renewables. The European Union (E.U.), for example, is well on the way to achieving a 20% reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels by 2020, along with a 20% increase in the use of renewable energy. The transition to renewables will be faster due to dramatic improvements in the pricing and performance of such systems. As a result of the steady increases in the efficiency of wind and solar systems, together with the savings achieved through large-scale manufacture, the price of renewables is falling globally. With prices dropping this fast, solar energy is now proving competitive with fossil fuels for generating electricity in many areas. The change from fossil fuels to renewable energy will not come overnight, and it will not escape many setbacks. Nevertheless, renewables are likely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of electrical power well before mid-century. 4. Vaclav Smil believes that ________. A. renewable energies are not very practical B. the change to renewables will come slowly C. systems of fossil fuels have been firmly set up D. there are many setbacks of renewable energies 5. We can learn from the passage that European Union ________. A. has cut down half of the carbon emissions B. has failed to find a way to reduce GHG emissions C. is trying their best to encourage the use of renewables D. tries to stop the introduction of new rules on renewables 6. The renewables are more competitive because of ________. A. their falling prices B. the decline in coal industry C. international trade D. the new rules on CO2 emission 7. The author writes this passage in order to ________. A. call on people to use less fossil fuels B. give advice on how to promote renewables C. argue that the energy transition will come sooner D. prove the renewables will be the major source of energy C After bikes and umbrellas are made sharable across China, some companies started eyeing the fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing. Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, separate rooms for a person to use, often set up near living communities. Every four-square-metre room provides a treadmill (跑步机), an air cleaner, a mirror, a television and an air conditioner, and users can let down the curtains (窗帘) for privacy. When exercising, users can listen to music, watch movies and check emails by connecting to the Internet by the screen fixed on the treadmill. But there’s no shower. Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by a smartphone app, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code (二维码) for use. A refundable deposit (可退还的押金) of 99 yuan is required, and users are charged 1 yuan every 5 minutes. The shared gym rooms are created by Misspao, a Beijing-based technology company founded in July. Within several months since it was founded, the company has already raised over 100 million yuan. However, the idea of the shared fitness experience is not totally new. Last December, the company VRUN set up shared treadmills in office and apartment buildings. The sharing economy is still becoming popular in China. According to Yicai Global, confident people are pouring millions into sharing start-ups. In March, the State Information Centre published a report which says that the total value of China’s sharing economy will see a yearly growth of 40% in the coming years, and it is expected to make a great contribution to the country’s GDP. 8. What makes the shared gym room different from the common one? A. Sharing open spaces. B. Providing free training courses. C. Holding one person at a time. D. Having some advanced equipment. 9. What do people need to do to use the shared gym room? A. Pay 100 yuan first. B. Book a room ahead of time. C. Have a shower before exercise. D. Let down curtains for privacy. 10. What is the author’s attitude towards China’s sharing economy? A. Doubtful. B. Unclear. C. Worried. D. Positive. 11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce shared gym rooms. B. To praise a technology company. C. To support the idea of sharing gym rooms. D. To tell the future of shared gym rooms. D Three young American men were on a crowded train when they came across a dangerous robber. Ignoring their personal safety, they rushed the robber and controlled him. Only some people seem capable of this sudden form of heroism (英雄主义). Why some men rise to the occasion — and others don’t — has been a bit difficult to explain. Psychologists have explored this question through biological and personality psychology. Of course, heroism and courage can appear in many forms, and men and women risk their reputation (名声), health, and social recognition to do what they think is right. When it comes to physically risky bravery, people assume that men will take the lead. There are sound biological reasons for this fixed image. One of the most common fears in men is that they will be viewed as a coward (懦夫), and a man who fails to display physical courage will suffer damage to his reputation in a way that a woman will not. Throughout history, gaining a higher position among peers (同龄人) has been the ticket that needs to get punched for a man to attract future wife and father children. People tend to have an idea of what heroes are like. When rating (打分) the personalities of movie heroes, participants expected them to be more hard-working, open to experience, approachable, and emotionally stable than the average person. But some studies suggest that people who show heroic behavior usually have the personalities of madmen: risk-taking, coolness under stress, and an eagerness to take over in social situations. The study of the relationship between personality and heroism is at an early stage. Psychologists are still at a loss to predict in advance who will heroically step up when needed. Often, the hero is an otherwise ordinary person who finds himself on an extraordinary occasion. Meanwhile, some individuals trained to behave heroically might hesitate in a dangerous situation. Various factors like identities, occasions and specific training will influence the final heroism. Hopefully, the right mix of occasion and personalities enable courage to carry the day. 12. How is the topic introduced in the first paragraph? A. By presenting an idea. B. By giving an example. C. By making a comparison. D. By drawing a conclusion. 13. What do the underlined words “get punched” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Be bought. B. Be returned. C. Be abandoned. D. Be gained. 14. Why is it difficult to predict who will act heroically in a crisis? A. Heroes are born, not made. B. Heroic acts only appear in a specific crisis. C. Individual personality is not a dependable sign of heroism. D. Heroism is a phenomenon influenced by numerous factors. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How Are Heroes Trained? B. Why Are Heroes Important? C. Who Are the True Heroes? D. What Makes a Person Heroic? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Reading is an essential skill that not only helps us acquire knowledge but also broadens our thinking. ____16____. Here are some suggestions to help you develop good reading habits. ____17____. Reading should be an enjoyable experience, so it’s important to select books that get your interest. Whether it’s novels, non-fiction books, or comics, as long as you’re interested, it will help you read happily. Secondly, make a specific time for reading every day. Developing a daily reading habit allows you to maintain a reading rhythm and improve your reading speed and understanding. ____18____. And you also can enjoy reading during free time after school, which can also help relax your mind and put yourself in reading. Thirdly, focus on understanding and reflecting on what you read. Reading is not just about getting information. ____19____. During the reading process, you can constantly THINK the author’s viewpoint, themes, and connections with your own experiences and knowledge, which can help deepen your understanding of the content. Lastly, enrich your reading materials. In addition to textbooks, you can also read newspapers, magazines, and articles on websites. By enriching your reading materials, you can broaden your knowledge and improve your overall understanding skills. ____20____. In conclusion, through the above suggestions, you can experience the joy of reading and continually improve your reading abilities. A. You can choose to read before bedtime B. This approach supports overall brainpower growth C. It’s also about understanding and thinking about the content D. Set specific reading goals to stay motivated and monitor progress E. Firstly, choose reading materials that match your level and interest F. Engage in discussions about your readings to gain deeper viewpoints G. Developing good reading habits is key for learning and personal growth 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 As a young boy, I developed an intense passion for drawing. Multiple times a day, I____21____ my mother several new creations. With pride, she would decorate our refrigerator with my artwork, much like any affectionate parent. However, she ____22____ran out of the space for my new pieces. When this occurred, she gently asked me to ____23____ the masterpieces to be removed to make ____24____ for the latest, assuring me the retired would rest somewhere ____25____—a comforting lie to spare a child’s feelings, so he didn’t ____26____ his work would head for the rubbish. ___27___ later my mother gave in to cancer, and it fell on me to ____28____ through her belongings to ready the house for sale. During this emotional effort I identified a box overflowing with ____29____. Shockingly enough, it contained every drawing I had ever entrusted to her, neatly organized into folders ____30____ the years when they were created. Evidently the box, situated near her nightstand (床头柜) , ____31____ signs of frequent visits. She had ____32____ treasured and enjoyed my immature scribbles (涂鸦) throughout the years. Being an experienced military man now, unaccustomed to displaying ____33____, I found myself weeping tears openly in my mother’s room, ____34____ the crude scribbles of my six-year-old self. Mothers’ ____35____ is great, which we are surely unable to repay forever. 21. A. showed B. taught C. lent D. sold 22. A. patiently B. originally C. quickly D. firmly 23. A. present B. pick C. publish D. donate 24. A. room B. value C. time D. change 25. A. noticeable B. safe C. popular D. near 26. A. remember B. admit C. promise D. suppose 27. A. Weeks B. Months C. Days D. Decades 28. A. see B. carry C. sort D. walk 29. A. letters B. books C. money D. paper 30. A. reacting to B. based on C. imagined as D. preparing for 31. A. hid B. tested C. bore D. confirmed 32. A. casually B. really C. rarely D. purposefully 33. A. weakness B. sickness C. carelessness D. loneliness 34. A. holding B. measuring C. appreciating D. sharing 35. A. support B. pride C. surprise D. love 第二节（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tea has a long history in China, dating back thousands of years. It is said that Shennong, one of the legendary ____36____ (figure) in ancient China, discovered tea when leaves from a wild tree fell into his boiling water. ____37____ time, tea became an important part of Chinese culture, not only as a beverage but also as a symbol of hospitality and friendship. During the Tang Dynasty, tea drinking became ____38____ universal custom among the upper classes, and the art of tea making and brewing began to take shape. The famous tea master Lu Yu wrote “The Classic of Tea,” ____39____ (lay) the foundation (基础) for the development of Chinese tea culture. In the Song Dynasty, the tea ceremony reached a new ____40____ (high) of refinement, with elaborate tea competitions ____41____ a focus on the aesthetic experience of tea drinking. In modern life, the Chinese tea ceremony still holds great significance. It provides a way for people ____42____ (slow) down and connect with nature and tradition in a fast-paced world. The tea ceremony can be a form of meditation and self-reflection, ____43____ helps people to calm their minds and find inner peace. In the past several decades, the tea ceremony ____44____ (become) popular in many parts of the world, as people are ____45____ (increasing) interested in Chinese culture and alternative ways of living. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 学校英文报正在开展以“Learning English Beyond the Classroom”为题讨论，请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 描述调查报告； 2. 陈述你的看法。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Learning English Beyond the Classroom Learning ways percentage Using English Learning Apps 5% Listening to English Songs 25% Watching English Movies/TV Shows 27% Reading English Books 43% _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One day, Mrs. Green asked everyone about their dream jobs. The classroom suddenly got filled with eager voices as classmates enthusiastically shared their dreams. “I want to be a college professor,” said Sarah confidently. “I dream of becoming a basketball player,” exclaimed Mike with light in his eye. The air was filled with dreams of doctors, nurses, police and various professions. When Mrs. Green turned her attention to me, inquiring about my future career, I hesitated. “I don’t know yet,” I admitted. Then she asked if I wished to follow in my dad’s footsteps. “No,” I replied firmly. My dad is a distinguished doctor with a demanding schedule, who often finds himself engaged in the responsibilities of his job. Thus, he often return s home late in the evening. The limited time we spent together during my growth created a noticeable distance in our relationship. I had such a lot to complain about his job and thus being a doctor would be the last option I would take. Upon hearing my response, Mrs. Green remained silent. Instead, she encouraged me to reflect further. A turning point came when our school organized a cultural festival. It was an important event, and we had been preparing for it for a long time. For my role, I needed to purchase a costume. Unfortunately, my mother was abroad, so the responsibility fell on my father. Unwillingly, I agreed, acknowledging that there was no other choice. In the mall, my dad’s unfamiliarity with the shopping list became apparent. Despite Mom’s thorough list, we wandered aimlessly through the floors, struggling to find the necessary items. As we did, I felt a growing sense of discomfort. Suddenly, a chaos drew our attention. A crowd had gathered, and someone was shouting for help. It turned out that an elderly customer had a fall, and onlookers were at a loss on how to assist. 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Without hesitation, my father rushed forward. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ For the first time, I felt a sense of pride in his work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 兰化一中2024-2025学年第二学期期末试卷 高一英语 （2025年7月） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What juice does the man want? A. Orange. B. Apple. C. Pear. 2. How did the woman buy the tickets? A. By phone. B. On the Internet. C. In person. 3. Who might collect the kids today? A. Their mother. B. Their father. C. Their grandmother. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Business partners. B. Colleagues. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. When to have a day out together. B. How to work to the deadline. C. Whether to go out today. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What will the speakers do tomorrow afternoon? A. Go sailing. B. Go water-skiing. C. Go windsurfing. 7 Where will the speakers meet? A. Outside the cafe. B. At the football field. C. At the water sports center. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8. What is Linda asked to do first? A. Meet Mr. Brown. B. Complete some forms. C. Hand in the recommendation letter. 9. What will Linda do in Room 201? A. Charge her phone. B. Have an interview. C. Read the email. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 10. What will the kids do with the egg in the workshop? A. Make a protective cover for it. B. Place it safely at a certain height. C. Learn the method of breaking it. 11. What is the competition about? A. Designing cars. B. Blowing up balloons. C. Building towers. 12. What does the man think of the activities? A. Hard. B. Special. C. Interesting. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 13. How many days does the festival last? A. Three. B. Four. C. Six. 14. What will happen around 2:00 on the first day? A. The crowd will gather. B. The opening will begin. C. The performances will finish. 15. What event comes next after the speech? A. A short play. B. A firework display. C. A band performance. 16. Where is the best place to watch fireworks? A. The city theater. B. The park. C. The beach. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. Where is the coatroom? A Behind the reception. B. Next to the bathroom. C. Opposite the ticket office. 18. What is special about the Great Bath? A. It’s very imaginative. B. It’s the deepest. C. It’s the largest. 19. What is in the center of the site? A. The bath. B. The spring. C. The temple. 20. What do we know about the temple? A. It was poorly preserved. B. It was built a century ago. C. It is the only Roman temple in Britain. 第二部分：阅读（共2节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 A 【1~3题答案】 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D B 【4~7题答案】 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C C 【8~11题答案】 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A D 【12~15题答案】 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. D 15. D 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【16~20题答案】 【答案】16. G 17. E 18. A 19. C 20. F 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 【21~35题答案】 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. D 第二节（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分） 【36~45题答案】 【答案】36. figures 37. Over##With 38. a 39. laying 40. height 41. and 42. to slow 43. which 44. has become 45. increasingly 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 【46题答案】 【答案】Learning English Beyond the Classroom A survey on out-of-class English learning methods shows that reading English books is the most popular, chosen by 43% of students. Watching English movies or TV shows comes next at 27%, while 25% prefer listening to English songs. Only 5% use English learning apps. In my view, each method has its strengths. Reading helps build a solid vocabulary and grammar foundation, while movies and songs expose learners to real-life language and pronunciation. Even apps, though less used, can offer convenient practice. Combining these ways can make after-class English learning more efficient and enjoyable. 第二节（满分25分） 【47题答案】 【答案】 Without hesitation, my father rushed forward. He pushed through the crowd, his demeanor calm and collected despite the chaos around him. Kneeling beside the elderly customer, he quickly assessed the situation and instructed bystanders to call an ambulance. With gentle hands, he comforted the frightened old man, assuring him that help was on the way. As he tended to the injured, my father’s expertise as a doctor shone through, and I couldn’t help but be impressed. His actions spoke louder than any words ever could, showing me a side of him I had never seen before. The crowd dispersed, and when the ambulance arrived, my father carefully explained the situation to the paramedics before they took the elderly man away. Standing there, watching him, I realized that being a doctor wasn’t just about long hours and sacrifices; it was also about making a difference in people’s lives. For the first time, I felt a sense of pride in his work. As we walked out of the mall, I couldn’t help but ask him about his experiences as a doctor, and he shared stories of the moments that had brought him joy and fulfillment. I listened intently, seeing him in a new light. That night, when he returned home late, instead of feeling annoyed, I greeted him with a hug and thanked him for what he did. From then on, our relationship began to mend, and I found myself looking up to him in a way I never had before. My perspective on his job changed, and I realized that being a doctor wasn’t just a demanding profession; it was a calling that allowed him to touch lives and make a real impact. As I grew older, I even found myself considering following in his footsteps, inspired by his dedication and compassion. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$