内容正文:
第一阶段:夯实基础(第1 - 6课)
第一课 初中语法重点回顾与高中语法初探
•课程目标:系统梳理初中核心语法知识,初步了解高中语法体系,建立知识衔接桥梁
.1. 复习初中六大时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时),通过例句分析时态结构和用法
2 回顾被动语态基础,对比主动句与被动句的转换规则
3 引入高中语法概念,简单介绍非谓语动词(动名词、分词、不定式)的基本形式和作用
4 课堂语法填空小练习,设置初中语法为主、少量高中语法提示的题目,让学生完成并讲解
六大时态系统复习
1. 一般现在时
结构与用法:
结构:主语 + 动词原形/第三人称单数(V/V - s/es)
用法:客观事实/真理:The earth moves around the sun.
习惯性动作:She reads books every day.
时刻表安排:The train leaves at 8:00.
易错点:第三人称单数动词变形(go→goes, study→studies)。
练习:用一般现在时翻译句子:“他每天步行上学”“光比声音传播得快”。
2. 一般过去时
结构与用法:
结构:主语 + 动词过去式(V - ed)
用法:
过去某个时间发生的动作:I visited the museum yesterday.
过去的状态或习惯:He was a teacher ten years ago.
易错点:不规则动词过去式(go→went, eat→ate)。
练习:改错:He goed to the park last weekend.
3. 一般将来时
结构与用法:
结构:will + 动词原形:I will go to college next year.
be going to + 动词原形(表计划/意图):She is going to study abroad.
用法:未来发生的动作或状态。
对比:will(临时决定) vs. be going to(事先计划)。
练习:用两种结构翻译:“我打算明天去购物”。
4. 现在进行时
结构与用法:
结构:主语 + am/is/are + 动词现在分词(V - ing)
用法:
此刻正在进行的动作:They are watching a movie now.
近期安排:I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.(位移动词可用进行时表将来)
易错点:双写尾字母(run→running)、去e加 - ing(make→making)。
练习:用现在进行时描述图片中人物的动作。
5. 过去进行时
结构与用法:
结构:主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词(V - ing)
用法:过去某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作:He was sleeping at 9:00 last night.
对比:与一般过去时连用:While she was cooking, the phone rang.(长动作+短动作)
练习:用过去进行时完成句子:“昨天这个时候,我们______(开会)”。
6. 现在完成时
结构与用法:
结构:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词(V - pp)
用法:
过去发生对现在有影响:I have lost my keys.(现在钥匙仍不见)
从过去持续到现在:She has lived here for 5 years.
标志词:already, yet, ever, never, since, for。
对比:现在完成时(不与具体过去时间连用) vs. 一般过去时(与具体时间连用)。
练习:判断正误:I have seen this movie last week.
一 总结
表格是六大时态的结构、用法、标志词。
二 口诀记忆:总结时态口诀(如“过去进行正进行,was/were + 现分记心中”)。
一般现在时
客观真理常发生,三单动词加 - s/es;
习惯动作天天有,一般现在记心间。
一般过去时
过去时间已走远,动词要用过去式;
规则加 - ed 不规则变,y 变 i 加 - ed 是特例。
一般将来时
将来动作未发生,will 或 be going to;
计划意图用 be going,临时决定用 will。
现在进行时
此刻动作正发生,am/is/are + V - ing;
近期安排也可用,位移动词巧变形。
过去进行时
过去某刻正进行,was/were 加上现分词;
长动作中短动作,while/when 来连接。
现在完成时
过去影响到现在,have/has + 过分别忘怀;
since 接时间点,for 接时间段,ever/never 表经历。
三 综合练习:
1. 时态填空:When I ______ (arrive), she ______ (cook) dinner.
2. 改写句子:将一般过去时改为现在完成时:He left school three years ago. → He ______ ______ ______ from school for three years.
四、专项填空题
1. 一般现在时
She ______ (go) to school by bike every day.
The sun ______ (rise) in the east and ______ (set) in the west.
______ you ______ (like) playing football?
2. 一般过去时
They ______ (visit) the Great Wall last month.
He ______ (not watch) TV yesterday evening.
When ______ she ______ (buy) that dress?
3. 一般将来时
We ______ (have) a party next Saturday.
Look at the clouds! It ______ (rain) soon.
______ they ______ (travel) to Japan next year?
4. 现在进行时
Listen! The children ______ (sing) in the classroom.
My mother ______ (cook) dinner right now.
______ you ______ (do) your homework at the moment?
5. 过去进行时
What ______ you ______ (do) at 8:00 last night?
While I ______ (read), my sister ______ (watch) TV.
They ______ (not play) basketball when I saw them.
6. 现在完成时
I ______ (see) this movie twice.
She ______ (live) here since 2018.
______ they ______ (finish) their project yet?
二、改错题
1. He go to the park with his friends yesterday.
2. We are going to have a picnic last Sunday.
3. She is reading a book when her mother came back.
4. I have bought this bike for two years.
5. They will went to the zoo tomorrow.
6. Look! The birds flies in the sky.
三、翻译句子
1. 他每天早上6点起床。
2. 昨天这个时候,她正在洗衣服。
. 我们下周将去参观科学博物馆。
4. 我已经学英语八年了。
5. 你昨晚做作业了吗?
6. 看!孩子们正在操场上踢足球。
四、句型转换
1. 一般现在时
原句:He plays basketball on weekends.
否定句:_________________________
一般疑问句:_____________________
2. 一般过去时
原句:She visited her grandparents last week.
否定句:_________________________
划线提问(last week):____________
3. 现在完成时
原句:They have finished the work.
否定句:_________________________
一般疑问句并作肯定回答:___________
五、综合语篇填空
Last summer, I ______ (go) to a summer camp. Every morning, we ______ (start) our day with a run. One day, while we ______ (play) football, it suddenly ______ (begin) to rain. We all got wet! But we ______ (have) a great time. I ______ (make) many new friends there, and we still keep in touch now. Next year, I ______ (join) the camp again!
答案参考
专项填空题
1. goes; rises, sets; Do, like
2. visited; didn’t watch; did, buy
3. will have; is going to rain; Will, travel
4. are singing; is cooking; Are, doing
5. were, doing; was reading, was watching; weren’t playing
6. have seen; has lived; Have, finished
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$